外文文献及翻译：施工项目进度控制的关键问题Construction of ke

本科毕业论文（设计）外文翻译施工项目进度控制的关键问题院（系、部）名称：专业名称：学生姓名：学生学号：指导教师：2012年 01月 06 日教务处制Construction of key problems of project progress controlAbstractConstruction progress was one of the three objectives of the project which is an important component of project management. Reasonable, scientific, efficiency of project construction schedule is the key to achieve the project objectives control. Only during the preparation stage, stage of progress of the programmer design stage, plans and implementation of construction and other links, taking full account of the favorable factors, rational coordination of limited resources, can eventually achieve the progress required by the target, to create advanced, civilization and construction process and lay a solid material foundation.Keywords: Construction projects; Progress control; Key issuesProgress, investment, quality is the three objectives of the project; there is a relationship of mutual dependence and mutual restriction between them. Project schedule control is an important component of project management and is to ensure that project objectives control is complete the prerequisite for the realization of, to ensure the project duration, the rational use of resources, and lower costs, to prevent plan changes too big and important guarantee for improving the efficiency of project. Management should focus on the following aspects:1. Attaches great importance to project construction preparationProject preparation is an important component of construction production, and it is intended to project goals, resource supply and selection of construction plan, spatial layout and the various aspects of time and manpower arrangement. It also is the fundamental guarantee for the smooth conduct of civil engineering construction and equipment installation. Therefore, preparing carefully for technical before construction, materials, labor organizations preparation and over-the-counter preparations for construction site preparation, has an important effect on rational supplying resources to speed up the construction speed, improving project quality ensuring construction safety and winning social reputation .To strengthen the project progress control, you must attach great importance to the project preparation, preparation before construction.2.Deployment and construction of construction programmingConstructions of comprehensive arrangements for the deployment project as a whole is, and makes decisions on major strategic issues in construction. Prefect of construction deployment is effective control engineering progress, guarantees engineering quality, and saves engineering investment of primary protection, and its preparation should reflect reasonable of organization arrangements and task division, and establish proven of, and reasonable running of Project Manager sector; personnel of set and the division should do full mobilization its enthusiasm, and make of professional play; established of specialization construction organization system and for engineering min package; division construction stage, determines staging batch construction, and commissioning of arrangements and main project and interspersed project.In addition to the deployment consists of perfect construction, preparation of reasonable construction plan, to ensure the effective progress of the project, construction readiness planning should also been included the development specification. Main site-wide preparations, includes materials for ideological, organizational preparation, technical preparation, and so on. Major items of works or the main unit of engineering and special projects should be developed in the construction organization to design its construction programmed. The aim is the preparation of technical and also for the construction of well under way and provides a basis for rational arrangement of the project site. Therefore, you should calculate the quantity to determine the process, select the commandments and main construction method of large construction machine.Engineering determination of the order, need to be constructed by stages and in groups. It should be the first underground and then the ground, after the first deep-shallow, after the first line, extension, underground pipeline construction, with the supply of various types of material and technical conditions and should be balanced and rational utilization of these resources between coordinated construction of promoting balanced.3. In accordance with the contract’s duration requirements, well construction progress controlAccording to the duration of the contract to complete construction, both contract requirements are also objects to achieve business goals. In this connection, the constructionunits (owners) with the construction unit of the interests of both sides are fully consistent. Therefore, strengthening construction progress control ensures that the duration of the contract performance is a project manager and main content of the basic duties. Plan is a prerequisite for control, if has not it will be out of control which is to compare actual and planned values, identify deviations during, and for feedback adjustment. Preparation of construction progress plan to control the duration value is determined, and come up with a guarantee scheme implementation of effective measures to guarantee the duration planned completion of the contract period.Preparation of progress is to decide what to when to do, or when the progress of the project to do what extent. Whatever is the process of the project itself, or with other construction-related work, should be integrated into the schedule to, or, whose progress you want to make a schedule. Types of project schedule classification based on content is targeted schemes and support schemes. Schedule for the project itself is the most basic goal plan that determines the duration of the project goals. In order to achieve this goal, you have a range of support plans, such as planning material usage, working capital planning material usage, and equipment use plans, labor use plan to use plan, semi-finished products and components, and so on. Control the length of time it came from overall progress plan and phase plan. Total progress scheme control the whole process of project construction, and phased plan includes the project construction progress plan and ten-years, quarters, months, weeks of job schedules, and so on. It has a text plan-plan with a chart from the expressions. The former is with a text description of each stage of construction, and the image of progress to achieve requirements; the latter is with image and simple charts to express the construction schedule. As far as I know, bar is the most commonly used scheme, network planning, and slash-type scheme. It has overall progress plan and the partition plan from the scope of management. Master plans are project-oriented global strategy progress of the plan, generally cruder. While the plan is for a bottle gourd or Project ~ Professional progress of the work plan, generally more detailed.4. Preparation of project schedulea. This project of project contract. Provision is to determine the duration of the contract duration in planned value basis. Project start and completion dates stipulated in the contract, must be implemented by schedule. Schedule of the ultimate goal is through reasonable progress design, to guarantee duration completed on time.b. Construction of enterprise production and management of reasonable plan. Throughthe construction of enterprise production and management of rational planning, to ensure project efficiency, is the major component of the plan. Obeying the business principle of guidance and meeting the requirements of enterprise balance achieve the best interests of the enterprise.c. Drawing information. Drawing information is the basis and premise of rational design of construction schemes for construction. Construction progress plan must be linked with the progress of the design plan, and must be based on the date of delivery number agreement to arrange the appropriate part of the construction time, which is also a good way of construction risk prevention and guarantee construction quality.d. Construction organization design of this project is one of the strong basis for the preparation of project scheduling. This information defines construction capacity deployment and method of construction and reflects the construction characteristics of the project, which forms the basis of targets at various stages in the process of determining construction plans.e. Materials and equipment supply plan. If you already have on the material and equipment and turnover material supply plan, the construction progress plan must be coordinated with the project. In addition to the above five points making progress on a project plans as the basis for the main consideration, you should be aware of information about site construction conditions, including hydrological, climate and environmental data in the field of construction and transportation conditions, energy supply, auxiliary production capacity. Also prior to the preparation of project construction progress plan, similar to an already built or actual construction schedule needs to be collected, and you should serious analysis, organize, list control constraint, clear the influence of duration to achieve mandatory time limits, for the preparation of project progress as well prepared.5. The project progress plan optimizationa. Adjusting the construction period. Each project is composed of many processes, the water segment of the construction have the same number of processes, each procedure is not identical in the various construction stages of the construction period, it is the importance of adjusting the construction period that how to choose a scientific and rational construction process. Construction technology that determined by the fixed construction technology can not be changed, but the order of the construction stage can be changed, Choosing a different order of construction of water, the total duration of the entire construction will be changed accordingly. Therefore you need to find the shortest period of construction of water tooptimize the order program for implementation.b. A balanced use of resources. In preparing the construction schedule, you must take into account the optimization of resources into account. It not only requires the resources you plan to use less than the actual supply of resources, but also tries to do the balance of resource conservation use. You should make resources available for the use of control within the available supply and the amount of resources to use every day similar. If resource usage is balanced, resource usage peak is smaller and resources funding is less, also thus economic benefits will certainly be enhanced accordingly. For the human and material resources, if the construction plans of arrangement to take full advantage of them and let every single day of the entire plan period to achieve efficiency, the amount of resources used in this plan is balanced and the economic benefits will be good.c. Optimize the cost of the project. Adopting a different construction of water order, the project cost will vary in engineering construction. Seeking the lowest cost solution to reduce costs is an important part of the construction. The cost of the project includes the two parts: direct and indirect costs. Generally speaking, low direct costs of the construction sequence, the duration will be longer. In order to shorten the duration, the need to use more efficient construction machinery or construction process so that direct costs will tend to increase. If efficiency does not change, you need more manpower or material resources, and increase the input of one-time costs, which will inevitably lead to increase in direct costs. Almost you always give high priority to increase the cost of less and can shorten the duration of the order. However, if shorten duration, you will increase the direct costs of inputs. Indirect costs and construction of the relationship is not close, and the basic fixed expenses occur every day.6. Organization of water construction methodAnother important means of ensuring project progress on a project is construction of rational flow. Water construction is continuous job, and it can save work time, which is relative to “turn job”, The means of achieving savings is “take received”, and the premise of take received is segment area; it can have rhythm to construction, and the time of the workers to work is a certain degree of regularity, which can bring good of construction along the continued, the harmonious of construction atmosphere, considerable of economic benefits and improve productivity.Project schedule control of more than a few issues, indicates that the schedule control process does not happen overnight so the enterprise integration should as a whole to considerelements of integration and management system. In the specific work, should pay attention to giving play to promote integration of favorable factors and avoid integration or coordination to prevent the adverse factors and pay attention to practical results and advancing as planned gradually.摘要工程施工进度是工程项目的三大目标之一，是工程项目管理的重要组成部分。