句子成分和简单句

（六）状语
状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、 结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。 • I will be back in a while. • They are playing on the playground. • He was late because he got up late. • He often went to school by bus. • This book is very interesting.
简单句的五种基本句型
一: Ｓ Ｖ (主＋谓) 二: Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ (主＋系＋表) 三: Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ (主＋谓＋宾) 四: Ｓ Ｖ ｏ Ｏ (主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾) 五: Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ (主＋谓＋宾＋宾补)
基本句型 一:ＳＶ(主＋谓)
谓语:不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语, 形成主谓结构。 如: We come.
Ｓ│Ｖ(不及物动词)
1. The sun rose.
2. Who cares? 4. They talked for half an hour. 5. The pen writes smoothly
基本句型二：Ｓ│Ｖ(是系动词)│ Ｐ(表语)
1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 2. The dinner smells good. 3. Everything looks different. 4. He is growing tall and strong. 5. Our well has gone dry.
1.You will tell （your） friend that you’ve got to school.
2. But [as the moon gave far too much light], I didn’t dare open a window.
主语 谓语
定语
间宾
直接宾语
原因状语
主语
基本句型 四:Ｓ Ｖ ｏ Ｏ (主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾)
有些及物动词可以有两个宾语, e.g.
give/pass/bring/show。这两个宾语通常一个
指人(间接宾语); 一个指物(直接宾语)。 --Give me a cup of tea please. --Give a cup of tea to me please.
主要成分：主语和谓语
次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、 补足语、同位语
㈠主语（subject）
句子说明的人或事物
• • • • • • • Jane is good at playing the piano.（名词） She went out in a hurry. （代词） Four plus four is eight. （数词） To see is to believe. （不定式） Smoking is bad for health. （动名词） The young should respect the old. （名词化的形容词） What he has said is true.（句子）
Thank you!
找出句中主语
The poor are now living in the shelter. (名词化的形容词） Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book. （句子） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）
基本句型 三:Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ (主＋谓＋宾)
此句型的特点是：谓语动词都是及物动词,必须
跟有一个宾语, 即动作的承受者, 才能使意思完整。
Ｓ│Ｖ(及物动词)│Ｏ(宾语)
1. Who│knows│the answer? 2. He │has refused│to help them. 3. He│enjoys│reading. 4. He│admits│that he was mistaken.
（六）宾语补足语
有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾 语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足， 使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有 ： make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let. • I found the book interesting. • Do you smell something burning? • She asked me to lend her a hand.
㈡谓语
说明主语的动作、状态和特征
• • • • • •
简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. She doesn’t seem to like dancing
谓语
宾语
状语
翻译以下句子
• • • • • • • • • • 1.你的故事听起来很有趣。 You story sounds very interesting. 2.我感到有一点累。 I felt a bit tired. 3.我妹妹是在农村长大的。 My younger sister grew up in the country. 4.这家医院创建于1950年。 This hospital was set up in 1950. 5.他因为车子开得太快而违反了交通规则。 He broke the traffic rule because he drove his car too fast.
Exercises:分析句子结构
1）You are a student. 2）He felt happy today. 3）What you said made me happy. 4）After he finished his homework, he went away.
句子类型
1、简单句：简单句只有一个主语（或并列主语）和 一个谓语动词（或并列谓语动词）。 如：My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening. 2、并列句：并列句由并列连词或分号“；”把两个 或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。 如：It is late , so we must hurry. 3、复合句：复合句中含有一个或一个以上的从句。 如：If we want to keep fit , we must always remember that prevention is better than cure.
give sb sth= give sth to sb
基本句型 五:Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ (主＋谓＋宾＋宾补)
此句型的特点是: 动词虽然是及物动词, 但是只跟一个
宾语还不能表达完整的意思, 必须加上一个补充成分
来补足宾语, 才能使意思完整。 宾语补足语: 位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。 可以用作宾语补足语的有名词, 形容词, 不定式,
(三)宾语
动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语 Show your passport, please. （名词 ） She didn't say anything. ( 代词） How many do you want? - I want two. (数词) They sent the injured to hospital. (名词化的形容词) They asked to see my passport. （不定式） I enjoy working with you. （动名词）
Did you write down what he said? （句子）
• 宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指 物或事,间接宾语指人或动物. • He gave me some books. ↓ ↓ 间接 直接 宾语 宾语 ●please pass me the book. ●He bought his girlfriend some flowers.
动名词, 分词, 介词短语等。
We should keep the plants in the shade.
划分句子成分 1. You will tell your friend that you’ve got to school. 2. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didn’t dare open a window. 3. Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open. 4. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power.
第一讲
句子成分及简单句分析
—— Anna
1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday. ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ 主 谓 定 宾 同 状 语 语 语 语 位 语 语
句子成分
定义 ：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成 分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；
定语后置：
如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。 而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置
The girl in red is his sister. We have a lot of work to do. The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.
（四）表语
在系动词后的部分就是表语 1. The war was over. 2. They seem to know the truth. 3. Time is precious.
Biblioteka Baidu五）定语
修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句
• • • • • He is a clever boy. (形容词) His father works in a steel work. (名词) There are 54students in our class. (数词) Do you known betty’s sister? (名词的所有格) He bought some sleeping pills. (动名词)
3. [Another time five months ago], I happened to be Upstairs [at dusk] (when the window was open). 4. The (dark, rainy) evening, the wind, the thundering Clouds held me [entirely] in their power.