(完整word版)高考英语阅读理解猜测词义类的解题技巧
高中英语阅读理解技巧点拨猜测单词或短语的含义
高中英语阅读理解技巧点拨:猜测单词或短语的含义学生在阅读过程中,应具备根据上下文猜测词义的能力。
每年高考英语试题中,猜测单词或短语的含义也是常有的题型,因此大家在平时的阅读理解练习中应尽量积累一些猜词技巧。
常见的猜词技巧主要有两大类:语境法和构词法。
下面我们结合高考真题对这两种解题技巧具体说明。
1. 语境法语境法指通过上下文语境来猜测词义,这是比较常用且有效的猜词方法。
常用的语境法有:①通过定义、解释或同位关系猜测词义。
用于下定义或解释的单词或短语有or, mean, in other words, be defined as, be described as, be seen as, refer to, that is to say 等。
有些定义或解释是通过破折号、冒号、括号、同位语(从句)或定语(从句)来表示的。
例1:(2020年高考英语全国III卷B篇,保留原题号,下同)...Yet “Apes” is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately. One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment of animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more than 2, 000 productions this year. ...26. What does the underlined phrase “keeping tabs on” in paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Listing completely.B. Directing professionally.C. Promoting successfully.D. Watching carefully.【分析】本文是新闻报道。
新课标高考英语阅读理解猜测词意(词义)解题策略(附带答案)
新课标高考英语阅读理解猜测词意(词义)解题策略高考考情分析解读:词义猜测题是高考阅读理解题中的一种常见的题型。
词义猜测可以是对一个单词的意义推断,也可以是对一个短语或一个句子的意义推断,既可以是生词生义,也可以是熟词新义,还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。
通过对近年新课标全国卷分析统计来看,词义猜测题一般有1-2题。
考查相对比较稳定,但难度略有增加,需要在复杂的句式中通过上下文综合分析才能得出答案。
在词义猜测题中,所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上,要根据短文提供的语境,通过阅读上下文,根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或词组的含义。
2016年全国卷设问形式例子:(1)What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?(2016年课标全国卷Ⅱ)(2)What does the underline phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean?(2016年课标全国卷Ⅲ)(3)What does the word “contributions” in the la st paragraph refer to?(2015年课标全国卷Ⅰ)常见的命题形式有:The underlined word in the second paragraph means “________”.Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the last paragraph?The underlined word “________” in Paragraph 2 can best be replaced by “________”.What does the phrase “________”in Paragraph 1 mean?本学案结构:代词指代猜测题目句子猜测句意题目附:典故谚语知识储备单词或短语意思猜测题该题型着重考查考生根据上下文猜测词义的能力,这也是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的过程,即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是该词或短语前后的句子)进行推理,有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义。
高中英语阅读理解技巧之词义猜测题
√C. Strong D. interesting
What skills have we learnt?
1.通过对比和比较找出反义词,近义词 来猜测词义(synonym,antonym)
脆的
4.定义法
解题技巧四:
根据 定义(definition)来猜 测词义
常用提示词:that is,be defined as, be known as , be called, mean 等.
skill4
1.) The young man was bashful that he did not dare to speak to the pretty girl.
英语阅读理解技巧之 词义猜测题
(word-guessing)
Lead-in(导入)
词义猜测题常用的提问方式有:
1)The underlined word / phrase in the passage means ____.
2)The word "it / them"in the first paragraph refers to ____.
2.根据因果关系猜测词义(cause and effect)
3.根据 定义来猜测词义(definition)
4.根据 构词法:前缀、后缀来猜测词义
5.根据 列举的事例来猜测词义 (example)
6.通过上下文语境来猜测词义(context)
1. When Andrea Peterson did her first teaching job, she faced the daunting task of creating a music program with almost no money for equipment or supplies .
高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧
高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧得阅读者得天下。
要想在高考中得到高分,就必须提高阅读理解的得分率。
词义猜测题是高考阅读理解题中的必考题型,而且利用文章所提供的语境来猜测生词的含义是阅读的必备技能之一。
跟着店铺一起来看如何破解这类题吧!【高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧】词义猜测能力是一项重要的英语阅读技能,同时也是上海高考英语卷对考生阅读能力进行检测的一个重要方面。
综观近几年的上海高考英语阅读理解题,我们可以发现,词义猜测的命题形式大体有以下三个层面:1.猜测一个单词的语境意义,如(上海高考66题):What does the word “epic” in paragraph 1 most probably mean?2.猜测一个词组的含义,如(上海高考66题):According to paragraph 3, a person with “defective hearing” is probably one who...3.对具体语境下的特定句子的猜测,如(上海高考73题):By saying “It could be your grandchildren’s stamp”, Mr Saunders means that forever stamps...【解题技巧】1. 利用同义词、近义词、反义词猜测词义在生词所出现的上下文中,有时会出现与之同义、近义或反义的词语或语句,此时可以通过熟悉的词语以及它们之间的关系来推知生词在文段中的含义。
2. 利用定义或解释猜测词义有些阅读中的生词,尤其是新闻报道及科普类文章中的生词,往往在其后有对该词进行解释说明的短语或句子。
常见的提示词(语)有to be, to do, that is, stand for, namely, to refer to, to mean, inother words等,有时也以同位语(从句)、定语从句的形式出现,或用破折号、括号来引出。
高考英语阅读理解解题指导:破解猜测词义题
高考英语阅读理解解题指导:破解猜测词义题猜测词义是英语阅读理解的重要考点之一,近几年高考试题中都会有一个小题考查词义猜测。
词义猜测题可以针对单词、短语的意思进行命题考查,还可以针对某一句子的准确理解或代词的精确指代进行设题。
除了直接考查单词或短语词义猜测外,在阅读理解文章中,总会有一些单词或短语超出了新课标词汇表的范围,但又没有附加注释,而需要考生猜测,这也是对词义猜测的一种间接考查。
1.利用释义法解题在说明文尤其是科技类说明文中,作者通常会对一些关键词或专业术语进行解释。
常见的有对该词下定义或后跟同位语、定语从句、冒号、破折号、括号等引出解释说明部分。
通过阅读定义或解释部分,读者便可理解该词或短语的意思。
【考例1】(2022年全国乙卷,C篇)29. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?A. Personnel safety.B. Assistance from drones.C. inspection and repair.D. Construction of infrastructure.解析:原文:That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.“including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure”对“maintenance”进行了解释,故推测maintenance是“维护,保养”的意思,C项inspection and repair与句中的inspect and repair对应。
2025届高考英语阅读理解之词义猜测题解题策略及真题练习+课件
3. Twelve-year-old Sally was an active girl. But her sister was quite sedate.
A. pretty
B. passive C. protective D. energetic
Practice 根据上下文语境推断词义。
4. At first, Gao was a hardworking and honest man who sells fish to make a
1. Mr.Green loves to talk,and his brothers are similarly loquacious.
adj.健谈的
同义或近义 synonym or near-synonym
利用上下文中出现的同义或近义的单词或短语推知划线词的 意 思 。 常 见 信 号 词 (clues) : and, or, also, as...as, just as, similarly等
原因:because,as,since(因为),for(因为) 结果:so,thus,as a result , therefore, so that …
8.The museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibitions in one day. adj. 大的
利用对比或转折的信号词,然后根据反义词线索猜测词义。 常见信号词/词组有:but, yet(然而), despite(尽管), however, while(但是), unfortunately(不幸地), on the other hand, on the contrary(相反), in contrast, instead of, rather than, not as…as, not the same as…等
英语阅读理解题型解题技巧猜测词义
When encountering difficulties, you can seek help from teachers, classmates, or by consulting relevant materials.
01
02
03
THANKS
感谢观看
Regular practice
Conduct reading comprehension exercises regularly to improve problem-solving speed and accuracy.
Reflection and Summary
Timely summarize problem-solving experience and methods, reflect on the reasons for mistakes, and avoid repeating mistakes.
Summary word
Before guessing the meaning of a word, the first step is to determine the scope of its meaning in the text, and to determine the specific meaning of the word in a sentence or paragraph through context and contextual clues.
Detailed description
Summary
Analyzing contextual clues
Detailed description
Contextual clues are an important basis for guessing word meanings, including sentence structure, grammatical relationships, synonyms or antonyms, punctuation marks, etc. By analyzing these clues, the meaning of vocabulary can be inferred.
超实用高考英语复习:阅读理解微技能之词义猜测(原题版)
阅读理解微技能之词义猜测题距离高考还有一段时间,不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生,愈是临近高考,能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节,态度是否主动积极,安排是否科学合理,能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战,其效果往往大不一样。
以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料,希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率,希望对你有所帮助,有志者事竟成!养成良好的答题习惯,是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前,要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项,并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时,切忌跟着感觉走,最好按照题目序号来做,不会的或存在疑问的,要做好标记,要善于发现,找到题目的题眼所在,规范答题,书写工整;答题完毕时,要认真检查,查漏补缺,纠正错误。
总之,在最后的复习阶段,学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候,学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式,最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心,考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”,遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后,考生越要回归基础,单词最好再梳理一遍,这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
【思维导图】【词义猜测题微技能】1.单词或短语意义猜测词汇量小是制约学生阅读理解能力的一个重要因素。
具体技巧如下:(1)根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测。
有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语,下面接着出现其定义或解释,这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。
(2)根据同位关系进行猜测。
阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语,对前面的词进行解释,这时可利用同位关系对前面或后面的词义或短语意义进行猜测。
(3)根据同义关系进行猜测。
当词或短语之间有并列连词and 或or时,其连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的或相反的,由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域,进而可推知其大致意思。
(4)根据构词法(合成、派生、转化等)进行猜测。
在英语中,有很多词可以在前面加前缀或在后面加后缀,从而构成另外一个词,乍看起来,这个词可能是新词,但掌握一定的构词知识,就不难猜出它的词义了。
最新高考英语阅读理解 词义猜测题解题技巧完整版
4. Cause Effect 因果法:从原因推 测结果,从结果推测原因。
One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing.
(adj. 贫穷的,穷困的)
She did not hear what you said because she was completely engrossed in her reading.
(n. 电器用具)
6. Word Formation 构词法:
英语单词大多是由词根、词头(前缀) 和词尾(后缀)所组成。词根是单词最基本 的部分,表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或 后加上前缀或后缀,可以用来引申或转变原 词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头 和词尾的基本含义,那么就可以很容易猜测 出由其构成的新词的含义了。
1. Definition 定义法: 一般通过定义、定语 (从句)或同位语(从句)来确定词义。 It will be very hard but very brittle — that is , it will break easily.
(adj. 易碎的, 脆的)
The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.
2)Tom saw an owl last night.
B.an animal C A.a bird B C. a star Tom saw an owl in a tree last night.
中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有:
super- (超) mini- (极小的, 微小的) micro-(极微小的) re- (再,反复) mis-(误,恶) im-(不) un-(不,非) in-(不,非) non-(不,非) -able(能…的 ) -less(不,无) -wards (向)
高考英语阅读理解猜测词义类的解题技巧
高考英语阅读理解猜测词义类的解题技巧高考英语阅读理解中的猜测词义类题可以分为两种类型,一种是推测某个生词的具体含义,是生词含义题;另一种是推测某个代词或词组在文中的指代意义,是代词指称题。
这两种情况在解题方法上还是有一定的相似性和规律性的。
下面是我们遇到猜测词义题时一般的解题步骤。
对于考察某个单词或短语或句子实际含义的题,首先要着眼单词或短语本身,分析单词或短语的构成,分析其构词法,词根词缀,派生关系等信息,推测它的大概含义。
对于猜测句子的含义,有时可以直接分析句子结构推测它的意义。
有些单词我们虽然不认识它的具体含义,但是他们往往含有一些表示具体意义的词缀,特别是前缀能够帮助我们猜测这个词的一部分含义,而后缀通常能够帮助我们理解词的派生关系。
高考英语中常见的前缀总结如下:根据构词法阅读中常会遇到一些由所熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词,可利用构词法知识来推测其意思。
《教学大纲》已经明确地将构词法列在语法附表中,因此利用所学构词法生成的词不应被认定为生词。
1. Exhibition officials said that a person bitten by one of these snakes would need at least 80ml of an anti-poison medicine to be saved.分析:anti-poison是由poison加前缀anti-构成的,anti-意思是“反对、排斥、抵抗”,由此可猜出anti-poison是“解毒、抗毒”的意思。
2. Although simplified Chinese characters were accepted for use many years ago, it seems thatmore and more people like Chinese characters in the complex form.分析:simplified跟simple是同根词,带有-ed显然是过去分词形式的形容词。
高中英语阅读理解中猜词题的解题技巧
高中英语阅读理解猜词题的解题技巧摘要:本文针对高中阅读理解中的猜词题介绍了几种做题方法,并列举了一些实例进行了分析。
关键词:猜词题猜词义做题方法在英语学习中,我们会遇到许多生词。
这时,也不必立即翻阅字典。
我们可以利用语境,根据前后词、句子、以及相关信息推测、判断生词的词义。
高中英语阅读理解题中,我们经常碰到猜测词义的题型。
在做这类题时,我们可以利用以下一些方法:一根据解释猜词义在文章中,作者为了更好的表达思想,对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或词汇等要进行进一步的更明确的解释。
这些解释提供的信息具有明确的针对性,我们可以利用它们比较容易地猜出词义。
1、根据定义猜测词义如果句子或段落是生词的定义,理解句子或段落本身就是词语的含义。
例如:The rooster is the national emblem of France thanks to a wordplay: the Latin word meaning coq ,or rooster. rooster 其实是对coq解释,因此两者的意思都为cock。
2、根据同位语、定语猜测词义虽然同位语、定语不如定义那样严谨、详细,但是提供的信息足以使阅读者猜出生词词义。
例如,同位语in fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today.此例中,我们不难看出an endangered wild cat是ocelot 的同位语,也不难看出ocelot的意思。
在构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接,有时也使用破折号、冒号、分号、引号和括号等。
又如Towards the evening, there comes the grand finale of the opening day ,an extremely exciting horserace.从an exciting horserace ,towards the evening ,of the opening day 等判断,应该是首日的最后一场的压台戏出场了。
猜测词义题型阅读解题技巧(技巧总结)
猜测词义题型阅读解题技巧题型介绍高考大纲要求考生能“根据上下文推断生词的词义”。
词义猜测题一般占阅读理解总题量的10%左右。
所猜词汇可以是生词,也可以是熟词新义,还可以是人称代词的指代内容。
常见提问方式The underlined word “ _____ ” in the passage means .What does “ ______ ” in the third paragraph stand for?The word/phrase “ ______ ” molys tm neeaanrs .The word/phrase “ ____ ” could best be replaced by .The word/phrase “ ____ ” in Line ⋯, Para ⋯refers to__ .Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase/word/sentence “ _____ ”? What' s the meaning of “ ______ ” in Line ⋯, Para ⋯?The underlined sentence in the first /second... paragraph probably means that .正确选项的特点1.对于超纲词汇的正确解释,如果将它代入回原文,则符合逻辑,使文章通顺易懂。
2.对于未超纲的词或短语的正确解释,往往是熟词新义,是根据上下文推测的一个特定场合的含义。
干扰项的特点1.字面意思:对于熟悉的词,干扰项会列出它的字面意思或常规含义。
2.无关意思:除了字面意思,出题人还常用凭空杜撰出来的其它意思来干扰考生,但只要将此意思带入原文,不符合逻辑就能够排除。
解题思路1. 返回原文,结合上下文,理解该词的意思。
2. 搜索时应注意同位语、特殊标点、定语从句、(表示上下文之间的逻辑关系)关键提示词及前后缀,特别注意找出其中和生词处于同一位置的词去推测。
高考英语词义猜测题解题技巧
高考英语词义猜测题解题技巧一、代词指代题1.解题步骤2.解题指导向上搜索时,先从上文最近点开始找,找不到再找次近的,一般答案不会离得太远,答案一定是代指上文最近的某个名词或短语。
[示例1]Jo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author of the This Book Will series (系列) of lifestyle books.Here she picks her top reads.MatildaRoald DahlI once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl’s writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful worlds.Matilda’s battles with her cruel parents and the bossy headmistress, Miss Trunchbull, are equally funny an d frightening, but they’re also aspirational.21.Who does “I” refer to in the text?A.Stephen King.B.Gillian Flynn.C.Jo Usmar.D.Roald Dahl.分析:Step 1返回原文→找出出题的指代词I。
Step 2向上搜索→找最近的句子(Here she picks her top reads.),其中she指代Jo Usmar。
Step 3 带入原文→将找到的句子的意思代入替换代词I。
Step 4确定答案→选C。
二、词汇猜测题词汇猜测题不是考查考生的词汇量,而是要求考生根据上下文中的已知信息对单词或词组的具体语义进行合理推测。
2024届高考英语阅读理解专项技巧-词义猜测+课件
技巧1:利用释义法解题
猜猜下列划线词汇的意思: 例1:They described him as a loon, or a mad man. 说明:句中的or是对loon的解释,即loon与a mad man同义,即表示"疯子"。 例2:The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 500 yuan a year. 说明:定语从句 who looks after sheep表明herdsman的词义为"牧人"。
解答: “added bonus”后面的that从句是同位语从句,解释说明“added bonus”的内容(坐电动 飞机更舒服)。“No loud engine noise, no smell of fuel, just environmentally friendly peace and quiet.”一句则进一步解释说明,电动飞机飞行时没有发动机的噪音,没有燃油的气 味,环境安静和谐,这意味着人们能够获得更加愉悦的飞行体验,故选C项。
高考英语专题阅读理解之词义猜测题解题技法学生版
高考英语专题阅读理解之词义猜测题解题技法学生版阅读理解之词义猜测题解题技法一.设问方式By saying that “...” in the first (second ...) paragraph, the author means that ________.In Paragraph ..., “...” can be replaced by“______”.The meaning of “...” in Paragraph ... is related to ________.Which of the following has the closest meaning to ... (Paragraph ...)?As is used in Line ..., the word “...” refers to ________.The underlined sentence in the ... paragraph probably means that ________.二.词义猜测题7大猜词技巧要做好词义猜测题,考生除了必须熟练掌握《考试大纲》规定的词汇外,在平时的训练中还要注意积累生词和短语,掌握构词法的基本知识,对于各种前、后缀的变化形式了然于心,还要学会根据上下文语境进行合理推测,掌握一定的解题技巧。
1.根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语,下面接着出现其定义或解释。
标点符号,如逗号后的解释(名词同位语)、破折号后的解释、括号内的解释等。
这都是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。
例如:①Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly.句子给予了annealing一个明确的定义,即“退火”。
②It will be very hard but also very brittle — that is, it will break easily.从that is(也就是说)后的解释中我们可以了解到,brittle是“脆的”意思。
英语阅读-根据上下文猜测词义的技巧
三、词汇题解题技巧词汇题一般会明确地告诉考生出题点在哪里,不需要考生查找所考查内容。
它可以考一个单词的含义,一个词组的意思,或者考一个句子的弦外之音。
词汇题常见提问方式如下:The word “accentuate” (Line 4, Para.3) most probably means _____.What is the meaning of …?The word “colonies” (Line 2, Para.4) refers to _____.T he statement “The business of America is business” probably means “_____”.The phrase “puts it down to” (Line 1, Para3) is closest in meaning to “_____”.By “white elephant” the author refers to _____.实例讲解:原文:This is the Shadowland of hope, and anyone with a dream must learn to live there.题目:60. “Shadowland”in the last sentence refers to____ .A) the wonderland one often dreams aboutB) the bright future that one is looking forward toC) the state of uncertainty before one's final goal is reachedD) a world that exists only in one's imagination此题可以利用并列关系来求解。
首先,and后面的句子告诉我们“任何有梦想的人必须要学会在那里生活”,这暗含了“那里”不好的环境。
高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧
5. Example 例举法
Today young couples often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instance, washing machines, refrigerators and color televisions. (n. 电器用具) On the farm they mainly raise poultry, such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat.
Conclusion 4
• 因果关系信号词 because, since, as, for, due to, so, therefore, so…that, such…that, thus
When some kind of pain killer was brought out recently, researchers found that the colours turned the customers off because they made the product look weak and ineffective. 65. The underlined part ―the colours turned the customers off‖ (in para.3) means that the colours_____ D A. Attracted the customers strongly B. Had weak effects on the customers C. Tricked the customers into shopping D. Caused the customers to lose interest
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
高考英语阅读理解猜测词义类的解题技巧高考英语阅读理解中的猜测词义类题可以分为两种类型,一种是推测某个生词的具体含义,是生词含义题;另一种是推测某个代词或词组在文中的指代意义,是代词指称题。
这两种情况在解题方法上还是有一定的相似性和规律性的。
下面是我们遇到猜测词义题时一般的解题步骤。
对于考察某个单词或短语或句子实际含义的题,首先要着眼单词或短语本身,分析单词或短语的构成,分析其构词法,词根词缀,派生关系等信息,推测它的大概含义。
对于猜测句子的含义,有时可以直接分析句子结构推测它的意义。
有些单词我们虽然不认识它的具体含义,但是他们往往含有一些表示具体意义的词缀,特别是前缀能够帮助我们猜测这个词的一部分含义,而后缀通常能够帮助我们理解词的派生关系。
高考英语中常见的前缀总结如下:根据构词法阅读中常会遇到一些由所熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词,可利用构词法知识来推测其意思。
《教学大纲》已经明确地将构词法列在语法附表中,因此利用所学构词法生成的词不应被认定为生词。
1. Exhibition officials said that a person bitten by one of these snakes would need at least 80ml of an anti-poison medicine to be saved.分析:anti-poison是由poison加前缀anti-构成的,anti-意思是“反对、排斥、抵抗”,由此可猜出anti-poison是“解毒、抗毒”的意思。
2. Although simplified Chinese characters were accepted for use many years ago, it seems thatmore and more people like Chinese characters in the complex form.分析:simplified跟simple是同根词,带有-ed显然是过去分词形式的形容词。
许多年以前我们采用了什么跟“简单”有关的汉字呢?不难想到是“简化的”汉字。
利用上下文语境线索任何一篇文中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的,都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。
利用上下文提供的情景和线索,进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义,是阅读过程中的一大关键,这也是近年来高考考查的热点。
例如:1. Charlotte’s tale was inspired by the girls’ coin collection. “We’ve collected foreign coins for years-since our families went on holiday to Tenerife,” she explains. “That was before the Euro, so we put pesetas in.”The underlined wore “pesetas” in Paragraph 2 is a kind of _______.A. storyB. collectionC. inspirationD. foreign coin分析:本题正确答案为D。
由原文中的Euro(欧元,欧洲统一货币)可推知该词是一种在欧元发行前使用的钱币。
2. In 1963 a schoolboy called Andrew Wiles reading in his school library came across the world’s greatest mathematical 17th century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique.Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word “baffle” as it is used in the text?A. To encourage people to raise questions.B. To cause difficulty in understanding.C. To provide a person with an explanation.D. To limit people’s imagination.分析:本题正确答案为B。
从短文中对Fermat’s Last Theorem一书的介绍中有the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds一句,句中两个并列的谓语动词baffled 和beaten ,意义相同,加强语气,从beat的本意就可以猜测出baffled 为“使(某人)困惑,难倒”。
3. Today when many tend to worry more about their own happiness, Houng’s deeds remind us of what we usually neglect: love and care for others. Without these, none of us could survive. Houng turned down donations from others. He said he felt encouraged by kind offers, but he could depend on his own work.42. The underlined word “donation” in Paragraph 3 probably means ______.A. invitation to give a speechB. something, especially given to help othersC. questions asked by interviewersD. chances to be a hero分析:由本段可以看出:洪家里很穷,但他拒绝别人对他的“donation”,他说他很感谢人们好心的馈赠,但他能够靠打工的钱来养活自己和妹妹,由此可以判断出donation和后文的offer,是近义词,也是馈赠之意。
因此选B。
利用定义和解释性线索阅读文中的有些生词尤其是新闻报导及科普类文章中的生词,往往在其后有对该词进行解释方明性的短语或句子,如to be, that is , mean, stand for, namely, to refer to, to mean, in other words等,有时也以同位语、定语从句的形式出现,或用破折号、括弧来表示。
留心阅读就可以断定它们的意思。
例如:1. The elder learn to master the Internet and to overcome what Lansdale calls the maladies of the institutionalized: loneliness, helplessness, boredom, and lose of memory.分析:根据句意,maladies of the institutionalized应和后面的解释意思相同,综合后面的内容可得知其意为:“(老年)综合症”。
2. Some ships carried cargo such as coal, oil and military supplies (军用物资),while others carried only passengers.分析:such as 后所列举物品均属“货物”,由此推断cargo的意思与之相同,和后句中的passengers形成对比。
3. Scientists grow large quantities of common mould (霉菌)so that they can get penicillin (青霉素)from it in order to make antibiotics, that is , substances that kill germs.分析:从that is 后的解释可看出antibiotics 是一种能杀死细菌的物质(抗生素)。
4. Marine biology, the study of oceanic plants and animals and their relation, has furthered the efficient development of fisheries.分析:从marine biology 后的同位语可知,marine biology是一门研究海洋动植物及其关系的学科。
5. -Yet, shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems, such as shoplifter, who always take away things from the shop without paying for them.分析:从后面的定语从句解释可看出,shoplifter为在“商店里偷东西的人”。
利用因果关系因果关系的语境,通常由because, so ,therefore, so that, so / such… that…等连词体现。
1. Answer the following questions by using the information taken from a dictionary page.jazz: 1. n. a type of music that originated in New Orleans and is characterized by rhythmic beats. 2. n. popular dance music influenced by jazz. 3. n. slang. Empty talk. 4. adj. of or like jazz; a jazz band, jazz records.What does the word “jazz” mean in the following sentence?Don’t give me that jazz, for I am a practical person.A. Rhythmic beats.B. A type of music.C. A kind of dance.D. Meaningless talk.分析:本题正确答案为D。