FirstAid 急救技能知识

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公开课课件Firstaid

公开课课件Firstaid

挽救生命
通过急救培训可以学习到急救 技能,挽救生命的机会将更大。
提高安全意识
急救培训不仅仅是学习技能, 还可以增强对安全的认知和预 防危险的能力。
拓展职业发展
具备急救技能,无论是在任何 工作环境中,都能为职业发展 增加竞争力。
急救课程: 重要性与知识 点
在这个公开课中,我们将探索急救的重要性,并了解一些常见的急救知识点。 无论是在家庭、社区还是职场,急救技能都是至关重要的。
急救步骤
1
观察
确保安全并评估紧急情况。
呼叫急救
2
拨打紧急电话寻求专业医疗援助。
3
寻求专业医疗援助
4
将患者转运至医院或专业医疗机构。
穿戴式急救设备
探索新兴的穿戴式设备,如智能手环和可穿戴心率监测器,以提供实时急救指导。
急救注意事项
1 保持冷静
在紧急情况下保持冷静,以更好地应对急救场景。
2 遵循医学指南
跟随医学指南提供的步骤,以确保以正确的方式提供急救。
3 设立急救器材
学会如何设置一个急救箱,并确保箱内设备和药品的齐全。
急救培训的益处
常见急救场景
窒息
学习如何解救被窒息的人,并掌 握相关急救技巧。
心肺复苏
了解如何在心脏骤停情况下进行 心肺复苏,并挽救生命。
烧伤
了解急救烧伤的方法,包括冷却 和保护烧伤区域的步骤。
最新急救技术
自动体外除颤器(AED)
发现心脏骤停时,使用AED进行除颤,提高生存率。
在线急救培训
利用网络资源进行在线急救培训,随时随地学习急救技能。

常用急救知识培训

常用急救知识培训
不仰头托颌法
A-开放气道
判断呼吸
B-人工呼吸
开放气道、张口、捏鼻
B-人工呼吸
吹气方法:深吸气、口包口,密闭缓慢吹气吹气时间: 2秒(吹1秒,间隔1秒)吹入气量:700~1000ml有效标准:胸部抬起吹气后、松鼻、离唇、眼视胸部、深吸气吹气/按压比例2:30缓慢吹气,扩张蒌缩的肺,减小胃膨胀:膈上升、防止食物反流误吸
C-胸外心脏按压
两乳头间
第二只手重叠在第一只手上手指交叉、掌根紧贴胸骨
按压定位
按压深度 胸骨下陷 4~5 cm有效标准:能触摸到颈或股动脉搏动
按压频率100次/min (18秒完成30次按压)按压和放松时间各占50%
按压姿势
C-胸外心脏按压
按压姿势示意图
C-胸外心脏按压
CPR动态评估
何时停止CPR(院前)
中暑的先兆症状是大量出汗、 口渴、头昏、耳鸣、胸闷、心慌、恶心、四月支无力等
溺水是人淹没水中,水进入气道而窒息缺氧。溺者全身冰冷, 面色青紫,上腹膨隆,两眼通红。抢救溺水,要迅速将溺者头部抬出水面并拖上岸,除去溺者口、鼻腔的泥沙杂草等,应阴凉处休息,可喝些冷饮、淡盐水,可服用藿香正气水、十滴水、人丹等解暑成药。如在有先兆症状时不采取措施而继续在高温环境中工作或运动,患者可能发展到中度或重度中暑,出现体温上升,皮肤灼热、呼吸急促、呕吐、烦躁、抽搐、昏迷。可用冰袋敷患者头、颈、腋、腹股沟部位,并迅速送医院抢救。
急救知识培训
First aid training
家庭急救/医疗常识/急救知识
目录
心肺复苏术
CPR
01
时间就是生命——早起动
早评估病情、早呼救、早到达心搏骤停的严重后果以秒计算 10秒——意识丧失、突然倒地 30秒——“阿斯综合征”发作 60秒——自主呼吸逐渐停止 3分钟——开始出现脑水肿 6分钟——开始出现脑细胞死亡 8分钟——“脑死亡”

Firstaid知识点复习教案

Firstaid知识点复习教案

Firstaid知识点复习教案Lesson plan of first aid knowledge reviewFirstaid知识点复习教案前言:小泰温馨提醒,英语作为在许多国际组织或者会议上都是必需语言,几乎所有学校选择英语作为其主要或唯一的外语必修课。

英语教学涉及多种专业理论知识,包括语言学、第二语言习得、词汇学、句法学、文体学、语料库理论、认知心理学等内容。

本教案根据英语课程标准的要求和针对教学对象是高中生群体的特点,将教学诸要素有序安排,确定合适的教学方案的设想和计划、并以启迪发展学生智力为根本目的。

便于学习和使用,本文下载后内容可随意修改调整及打印。

英语:unit 5 first aid知识点复习(新人教版必修5)1.first aid 的意思是“急救”,例如:first aid to the injured 给予伤员的急救。

短语联想give/offer aid 援助 come to sb's aid 帮助某人teaching aids 教具 medical aid 医疗救护with the aid of 借助于get injured 受伤,在现代英语中大量地出现了由“get + 及物动词不达意的过去分词”构成的被动语态,这叫 get - 型被动语态。

又如:the computer got (was)damaged when we were moving. 我们搬家的时候,电脑碰坏了。

my bike is getting (is being)repaired row. 我的自行车正在修理。

2.protect 动词,“保护、维护”,用于句式“protect + 名词 + against/from + 名词”。

例如:e.g. he is wearing sunglasses to protect his eyes from the strong sunlight. 他带着太阳镜以挡强烈的阳光。

Unit 5 First Aid 知识点归纳讲义-高中英语人教版(2019)选择性必修第二册

Unit 5 First Aid 知识点归纳讲义-高中英语人教版(2019)选择性必修第二册

选必二Unit 5 First Aid 知识点归纳1Words and phrases:1.technique n.技能;技术;技艺;(具体的某种技术和技巧) [C]technology n.技术;工艺较广泛,尤指生产工艺;科学技术[U]technical adj.技术的; 工艺的technical supporttechnician n. 技师;技术人员first aid techniques 急救技能science and technology 科学技术2.leaflet n. 散页印刷品;传单;小册子brochure n. 资料(或广告)手册a leaflet on local places of interest 关于当地旅游胜地的一个小册子hand out/ give out leaflets 分发传单an n.(人或动植物的)器官organic adj.器官的;有机的organically adv. 有机地organism n. 生物,有机体organ donation 器官捐赠organic rejection/farming 器官排异/有机耕作4.ray n.光线; 光束; (热、电等的)射线a ray of sunshine一缕阳光A brave man will not be defeated as long as there is a ray of hope .5.sense n.感官;感觉;意义sense of sight/smell/hearing/touch/taste 视/嗅/听/触/味觉;a sense of responsibility/humour/security 责任/幽默/安全感The blind have a keen/sharp sense of hearing. 盲人有着敏锐的听觉。

make (no) sense (没)有意义、讲(不)得通make sense of 理解in a sense 从某种意义上说in no sense 绝不There is no sense (in) doing sth. 做某事没有意义6.minor adj.较小的;次要的;轻微的vi.辅修n.辅修科目minor injuries 轻伤minor in 辅修...minority n.少数;少数民族a minority of 少量的;少数的be in a/the minority 占少数比较:major/majority7.electric adj.电的;用电的;电动的(用电操作的或者生电的) electric shock /an electric fan/carelectrical adj.电的; 电气的(与电有关的人或事物) an electrical engineer electronic adj.电子的an electronic watchelectricity n.电/电流8.victim n. 受害者;患者 a victimfall victim to sth 受某物的伤害She fell victim to his sweet lies. 她曾受过他的甜言蜜语的蛊惑。

急救方法(First Aid)

急救方法(First Aid)

急救方法(First Aid)急救方法(First Aid)急救方法(First Aid) it is important for you to learn some knowledge about first aid in your daily life. if a person has an accident, he needs medical care before a doctor can be found. when you give first aid, you must pay attention to three things.first, when a person stops breathing, open his/her mouth and see if there is food at the bulk of his/her mouth. second, if a person cannot breathe, do you best to start his/her breathing at once, using a mouth to mouth way. third, if a person is hurt badly, try at once to stop the bleeding. then take him/her to a doctor. if a person loses one third of his/her blood, he/she may die.many accidents may happen at home. all parents should know first aid in order to deal with common injuries which may happen to their children. when a person is bitten by an animai, wash the wound with cold running water before he/she is taken to see a doctor. when a person is burnt, wash and cool the area of the skin under the cold tap for a while. then put a piece of dry clean cloth over the burn. if the personis badly burnt, take him/her to the doctor. if a person cuts his/her finger, clean it and put a piece of paper round the cut.every bodyrshould know some first aid in order to save othe people's lives.。

世界急救日ppt

世界急救日ppt
中10~30钟盖 用干净的布盖住伤口,并固
定好
送 及时送往专业医院
七、烫 伤
注意事项:
• 冲洗和浸泡水温不低于5 摄氏度
• 不要冰敷 • 不要弄破水泡 • 不要随意用牙膏、酱油、
抗生素药膏或油脂涂抹 伤口
急救小常识
八、中暑
迅速降温散热
1.搬运患者
• 将患者搬至阴凉、通风处,解开其衣领裤带
2.帮助散热
Elevate 抬高患肢,减轻肿胀
注意事项: • 冰敷时限一般是受伤后48小时内;切忌冰敷后再热敷;严重的扭伤可能导致骨折,需及时就医
急救小常识
牢记“五字诀”
冲 用大量流动冷水冲洗伤面,持
续30分钟
脱 冲洗后,脱去衣物。如果伤处
粘着衣物,则用剪刀剪开,勿 强行剥去衣物
泡 疼痛明显者可持续浸泡在冷水
急救小常识
三、气管 异物
海姆立克急救法
发生气道异物梗阻时,千万别拍背
1. 互救
第一步:抢救者站在患者背后 第二步:双臂环抱患者腰部,一手握拳拳眼对准患者上腹 部(肚脐以上两横指)位置,另一只手握住此拳 第三步:连续快速向内、向上推压冲击直到异物排出
急救小常识
2. 自救
• 第一步:将上腹部抵压在圆钝椅背 处;第二步:连续弯腰挤压腹部,直 到异物排出
对于1岁以下婴幼儿
• 第一步:蹲在地上或者坐在椅子上 • 第二步:抱起宝宝,将宝宝脸朝下,身体
倚靠在大人膝盖上 • 第三步:拍背。一只手托住宝宝下颌,另
一只手掌根用力在两肩胛骨中间拍5次 • 第四步:压胸。把宝宝翻正,在胸部正中
靠下部位,用食指和中指按压5次 • 第五步:重复拍背与压胸,直到异物排出
五、骨折
五大急救原则

心肺复苏急救知识培训PPT课件

心肺复苏急救知识培训PPT课件

03 启动紧急医疗服务
如有多名急救者在现场,其中一名急 救者按步骤进行CPR,另一名启动 EMS体系(拨打120),取来AED (如果有条件)
04 启动紧急医疗服务
在救助淹溺或窒息性心脏骤停患者时, 急救者应先进行5个周期(2min)的CPR, 然后拨打120启动 EMS系统。
05 脉搏检查
对于非专业急救人员,不再强 调训练其检查脉搏,只要发现 无反应的患者没有自主呼吸就 应按心搏骤停处理。对于医务 人员,一般以一手食指和中指 触摸患者颈动脉以感觉有无搏 动(搏动触点在甲状软骨旁胸 锁乳突肌沟内)。检查脉搏的 时间一般不能超过10秒,如10 秒内仍不能确定有无脉搏,应 立即实施胸外按压
01 02
03
气管切开
通过气管切开,可保持较长期的 呼吸道通畅,防止或迅速解除气 道梗阻,清除气道分泌物,减少 气道阻力和解剖无效腔,增加有 效通气量,也便于吸痰、加压给 氧及气管内滴药等,
二期复苏
呼吸支持
及时建立人工气道和呼吸支持至关重要,为了提高动脉血氧分压,开始一 般主张吸入纯氧。吸氧可通过各种面罩及各种人工气道,以气管内插管及 机械通气(呼吸机)最为有效。简易呼吸器是最简单的一种人工机械通气 方式,它是由一个橡皮囊、三通阀门、连接管和面罩组成。在橡皮囊后面 有一单向阀门,可保证橡皮囊舒张时空气能单向进入;其侧方有一氧气入 口,可自此输氧10~15L/min,徒手挤压橡皮囊,保持适当的频率、深度 和时间,可使吸入气的氧浓度增至60%~80%。
5个周期
➢ 按压手法:以掌跟按压,两手手指跷起(扣在一起)离开胸壁
初步急救
按压注意事项:
按压时掌根不可向下猛撞 松弛时,掌根不可离开按压位置或作跳动,应令其
胸骨上压力完全解除,使胸壁恢复正常位置 按压与松弛的时间须平均 尽可能减少胸外按压的中断 避免过度通气 按压时,急救员须观察伤病者反应及脸色的改变

急救知识讲座内容英语作文

急救知识讲座内容英语作文

急救知识讲座内容英语作文英文回答:First Aid Lecture.First aid is the immediate and temporary care given to a sick or injured person until full medical treatment is available. It is important to have basic first aid knowledge and skills to help someone in need.Types of First Aid.There are many different types of first aid, but some of the most common include:CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation): CPR is a life-saving technique that helps restore breathing and circulation to a person who has stopped breathing or has no pulse.First aid for bleeding: Bleeding can be stopped by applying pressure to the wound and elevating the injured limb.First aid for burns: Burns can be treated by coolingthe burn with water and covering it with a sterile dressing.First aid for fractures: Fractures can be treated by immobilizing the injured limb and applying a splint.First aid for sprains and strains: Sprains and strains can be treated by applying ice to the injured area and resting it.How to Perform First Aid.If you come across someone who needs first aid, it is important to assess the situation and determine the type of injury. Once you know what type of injury you are dealing with, you can follow these steps to perform first aid:1. Stay calm and assess the situation.2. Call for emergency medical help if necessary.3. Make the person comfortable and safe.4. Treat the injury according to the type of injury.5. Stay with the person until medical help arrives.Importance of First Aid.First aid is important because it can help save lives and prevent further injury. By knowing how to perform basic first aid, you can be prepared to help someone in need inan emergency situation.中文回答:急救知识讲座。

急救知识_first aid

急救知识_first aid

Respiratory System 呼吸系统
Inhalation: 吸气
O2 CO2 Exhalation: 呼气 O2 CO2
21% 0.4%
16% 4%
Respiratory System 呼吸系统
Normal breathing in an adult – Breaths times/min 8-20 – Quiet, shallow, rhythmic – Frequency will increase with additional physical exercise 正常成人呼吸 8-20 – 每分钟 次 – 平静,表浅,有节律 – 进行体力活动时,呼吸频率会加快
Basic Information 基础知识


Without blood supply, any part of body will eventually die. Neuron cells can survive only 5-10 minutes when blood supply is stopped.
Blood 血液
•Adult : about
8%
of weight
•成人血量约占体重的
8%
•Severe bleeding can cause DEATH!
•严重失血可以导致死亡!
• Pulse脉搏
Assessment of Circulation???
– Feel for where the arteries are close to surface of skin
• Emergencies often result in confusion. Those nearby may not know what to do first, who should take charge or how to get help. Following a sequence of actions help to ensure that a safe, appropriate first aid is given.

First_Aid___紧急救护

First_Aid___紧急救护

第五章紧急救护(First Aid)【目标】1.理解现代救护的概念。

2.熟悉现代救护的步骤。

3.明确心肺复苏的重要意义。

4.熟记心肺复苏的程序。

5.了解止血、包扎、固定和搬运的基本知识。

【技能练习】1.正确判断意识、呼吸、脉搏的有无。

2.正确实施心肺复苏。

3.能够正确判断心肺复苏是否有效。

4.初步了解止血、包扎、固定和搬运的基本技能。

【学时】理论3 实验3第一节救护新概念过去,人们将抢救院外危重急症、意外伤害病人的希望完全寄托于医护人员身上,这种传统的观念,往往使病人丧失了最佳的抢救时间。

随着急救医学的迅速发展,现代救护是立足现场的抢救。

在院外现有的条件下,“第一目击者”对伤病人实施有效紧急的救护措施,以挽救生命,减轻伤残和痛苦,然后在医疗救护下或运用现代救援医疗服务系统(Emergency Medical Service System,EMSS)。

将伤病人迅速送到就近的医疗机构继续进行救治。

在发病的现场,几分钟、十几分钟是抢救危重病人最重要的时刻,我们将其称之为救命的“黄金时刻”。

一、现代救护概念1.什么是现代救护?现代救护是立足于现场的抢救,在医院外的环境下,“第一目击者”(第一反应人 first responder)应对伤病员实施有效的初步紧急救护,以挽救生命,减轻伤残和痛苦。

第一目击者:是指在现场为突发伤害和危重疾病的病人提供紧急救护的人。

包括现场伤病人身边的人(亲属、同事、救援人员、警察、消防员、保安人员、公共场所从业人员等),参加过救护培训并获得相关证书,在事发现场利用所学的救护知识、技能救助病人的人。

第一目击者不是第一个发现事故的人,可能是一人,可能是两人或多人。

在紧急情况下,要求救护员在最短时间内排除一切可能出现的危险,确保在场人员的安全。

2.应该怎样做?(1)表明身份对伤病员进行救护服务时,首先要表明自己的身份:“我是救护员,我现在对你进行救护,请你配合”,以解除伤病员的疑虑。

First;aid知识点复习教案

First;aid知识点复习教案

First Aid 知识点复习教案第一章:急救概述1.1 急救的概念解释急救的含义和重要性强调急救在意外和紧急情况中的作用1.2 急救原则介绍急救的三个原则:快速、准确、安全解释如何在紧急情况下保持冷静和有条不紊1.3 急救人员的要求讨论成为一名合格急救人员所需的技能和素质强调急救人员应具备的知识和培训要求第二章:评估和呼救2.1 评估伤者状况介绍如何对伤者进行快速评估强调评估伤者意识、呼吸和脉搏的重要性2.2 呼救教授如何拨打紧急电话号码(如911或当地的紧急服务号码)强调提供清晰、准确的信息给接线员2.3 保护现场和安全介绍如何在现场保护自己和伤者的安全强调避免移动受伤者除非必要第三章:心肺复苏(CPR)3.1 心肺复苏的基本概念解释心肺复苏的含义和重要性强调CPR在心跳呼吸停止时的救命作用3.2 正确进行心肺复苏的步骤教授正确的心肺复苏步骤,包括按压和人工呼吸强调按压的深度和频率以及人工呼吸的方法3.3 使用自动体外除颤器(AED)介绍自动体外除颤器的作用和使用方法强调AED的普及和其在心跳骤停时的救命作用第四章:止血和包扎4.1 止血方法教授如何正确进行指压止血和绷带止血强调选择合适的止血方法和根据情况调整4.2 包扎技巧介绍如何正确进行包扎,包括环形包扎和螺旋包扎强调包扎的松紧度和固定方法4.3 处理出血伤口教授如何清洁和处理出血伤口强调避免感染和保护伤口的措施第五章:骨折和关节损伤5.1 骨折和关节损伤的识别介绍如何识别骨折和关节损伤的症状和迹象强调及时处理和避免进一步损伤的重要性5.2 骨折和关节损伤的固定教授如何使用夹板和绷带固定骨折和关节损伤强调固定方法的准确性和安全性5.3 处理关节扭伤和脱臼介绍如何处理关节扭伤和脱臼的情况强调及时就医和避免进一步损伤的措施第六章:常见的外伤处理6.1 烧伤处理介绍烧伤的分类和程度教授烧伤的急救处理方法,如冷却、清洁和覆盖6.2 切割伤和刺伤处理介绍切割伤和刺伤的急救处理步骤强调止血、清洁和防止感染的重要性6.3 眼睛受伤的处理教授眼睛受伤的急救处理方法,如保护眼睛、避免揉擦和尽快就医第七章:中毒和过敏反应7.1 中毒的识别和处理介绍中毒的症状和迹象教授中毒的急救处理方法,如立即催吐、提供解毒剂和寻求医疗帮助7.2 过敏反应的识别和处理介绍过敏反应的症状和迹象教授过敏反应的急救处理方法,如使用肾上腺素自动注射器和寻求医疗帮助第八章:常见疾病发作的处理8.1 心脏病发作的处理介绍心脏病发作的症状和迹象教授心脏病发作的急救处理方法,如立即拨打急救电话和提供心肺复苏8.2 癫痫发作的处理介绍癫痫发作的症状和迹象教授癫痫发作的急救处理方法,如保持冷静、防止受伤和提供必要的支持第九章:儿童和婴儿急救9.1 儿童和婴儿心肺复苏介绍儿童和婴儿心肺复苏的差异和特殊要点教授正确进行儿童和婴儿心肺复苏的步骤和技巧9.2 儿童和婴儿的窒息处理介绍儿童和婴儿窒息的症状和迹象教授儿童和婴儿窒息的急救处理方法,如背部拍打和胸部推压9.3 儿童和婴儿的外伤处理介绍儿童和婴儿外伤的急救处理方法,如骨折固定和伤口包扎第十章:急救场景模拟和实战演练10.1 急救场景模拟的重要性强调急救场景模拟对提高急救技能的重要性讨论模拟场景的种类和目标10.2 急救实战演练的步骤教授如何进行急救实战演练,包括场景设置、角色分配和操作流程10.3 急救演练的评估和改进介绍如何对急救演练进行评估和改进,以提高急救人员的应对能力第十一章:灾难和大规模伤亡事件11.1 灾难应对准备讨论灾难应对的准备工作,包括应急物资和个人保护装备的准备强调灾难发生时的安全转移和避难所选择11.2 大规模伤亡事件的处理介绍大规模伤亡事件的特征和处理原则教授如何进行快速评估、优先级划分和资源分配11.3 搜救行动介绍搜救行动的基本原则和方法强调搜救过程中的安全意识和团队合作第十二章:特殊环境下的急救12.1 水上急救教授水上急救的基本知识和技能,如救生员职责和水中救生技巧强调水上安全规则和预防措施12.2 高空急救介绍高空急救的特殊问题和处理方法强调使用安全设备和正确的安全操作程序12.3 野外急救讨论野外环境中的急救知识和技能,如处理野生动物伤害和极端天气条件强调野外生存技巧和紧急避难所建设第十三章:急救通讯和记录13.1 急救通讯技巧教授急救人员在现场通讯的技巧,包括清晰、准确地传达信息强调通讯设备和工具的使用13.2 急救记录的重要性讨论急救记录的必要性和作用教授如何准确记录急救过程中的关键信息第十四章:急救法律和伦理问题14.1 急救法律问题讨论急救人员在工作中的法律责任和限制强调遵守法律规定和保护自己的知识14.2 急救伦理问题介绍急救人员在处理紧急情况时可能遇到的伦理问题讨论伦理决策的原则和道德责任14.3 患者权利和隐私保护强调患者权利和隐私保护的重要性教授急救人员如何尊重和保护患者权利第十五章:急救培训和持续教育15.1 急救培训方法介绍不同的急救培训方法和教学技巧强调实践操作和模拟演练的重要性15.2 急救培训课程设计讨论急救培训课程的设计和结构,包括理论学习和实践操作强调课程内容的实用性和针对性15.3 持续教育和技能保持强调急救人员需要持续学习和更新知识讨论持续教育的方法和途径,如研讨会、在线课程和实战演练重点和难点解析本文主要介绍了First Aid知识点复习教案,包括急救概述、评估和呼救、心肺复苏(CPR)、止血和包扎、骨折和关节损伤、常见的外伤处理、中毒和过敏反应、常见疾病发作的处理、儿童和婴儿急救、急救场景模拟和实战演练、灾难和大规模伤亡事件、特殊环境下的急救、急救通讯和记录、急救法律和伦理问题以及急救培训和持续教育等十五个章节。

first aid翻译

first aid翻译

first aid翻译
First aid原文是英文first aid,意思是急救。

它指的是在受伤者出现时需要立即采取的急救护理活动。

一般来说,急救包括清理伤口、止血、支撑受伤部位以及抢救受伤者呼吸和循环等活动。

它不是一种专业的医疗护理,而是人们能够迅速采取的简单措施,以减少受伤者受到的伤害并确保及时治疗。

急救可以帮助受伤者避免最坏的情况发生,在某些情况下,甚至可以拯救一个人的生命。

因此,很多人都应该学习急救技能。

然而,在大多数情况下,急救的最终目的是把受伤者安全送往医院,以便由医生进行更深入的护理和治疗。

急救有许多方面,可以根据不同类型的危险情况和受伤程度进行分类。

常见的急救措施包括:心肺复苏,对有急性中毒、心脏骤停等威胁生命的人进行心肺复苏;外伤急救,及时为受伤者清理伤口,支撑伤口,减少肢体异常活动;内伤急救,如头部中枪、烫伤、腹泻等;解救被困者,在有火灾、沉船等灾难发生时,采取措施救出受困者;烧伤急救,在火灾或其他损伤导致烧伤时,采取措施止痛和止血,防止感染;毒物急救,在有毒物口服或皮肤
接触毒物时,采取措施清理毒物;急性疾病急救,比如心脏病,中风,癫痫发作等等。

此外,急救护理还包括高压氧疗、心电图监测和心肺复苏等护理。

这些护理技术通常由医院的急诊室或重症监护室的工作人员来实施,以确保患者的安全和有效治疗。

急救是一种重要的护理技术,它能够有效地帮助受伤者抗击伤害。

然而,急救仅仅是把受伤者安全送往医院的一个前提,并不能代替医生的专业护理。

如果受伤者没有及时得到专业护理,仍然可能会遭受严重的伤害。

急救知识培训ppt

急救知识培训ppt

人工呼吸
指在患者失去呼吸功能时,通过口对口、口对鼻等方式进行的呼吸辅助措施。主要目的是 保持患者呼吸功能的一定程度,防止各种并发症的发生。在实施时,需要注意掌握正确的 呼吸频率、深度和节奏,并且要注意掌握正确的呼气和吸气时间,避免过度或不足的呼吸。 同时,在进行时,需要检查患者气管、鼻腔和嘴部是否通畅,确保呼吸道通畅,防止误吸 和误吸物。
急救场景下应慢下来
在急救场景下,应该慢下来。慢下来可以保证救援过程中的安全和有效性。具体措施包括: 评估现场情况:在进行急救前,需要评估现场的情况。包括危险源、环境、人数、伤者情况等。此外还需要评估自身能力和装备是否能够胜任 救援任务。 慢下来的评估过程可以避免救援现场的意外伤害和突发状况的发生。
3. 着重加强前置准备工作,确保救援工作顺利开展。包括事先调查掌握物 资、人力、设备等资源情况;加强应急预案编制和落地;制定完备的应急处 置流程和人员分工;完善救援风险评估和处理机制。同时,要加强对相关法 律和法规的学习,确保救援行动的合法性和规范性。
现场急救措施
1. 快速评估现场情况:现场急救的第一步是快速评估现场情况,包括危险性、伤者数 量和伤势情况等,以便制定有效的救援方案。 2. 立即采取适当措施:伤者在等待救援期间可能会出现生命体征不稳定甚至呼吸心跳 停止的情况,立即进行心肺复苏或使用自动体外除颤器等急救措施是至关重要的。 3. 妥善安置和送往医院:救援过程中,要确保伤者的身体稳定,采用合适的方式进行 救援和抬送,如担架抬送或手推车转送等,同时及时联系医院准备接收伤者,保证伤 者得到及时妥善的治疗。
军警救援动员计划
1. 重点培训军警急救技能,提升救援能力。针对战场、突发事件等场景, 进行真实模拟训练,加强现场处置能力和压力适应能力。加强心肺复苏、止 血包扎等基本急救技能的练习,提高对伤员的生命救援效果。

first aid 急救

first aid 急救
Immobilize the part where possible
急救培训
-健康安全环保部- 单击此处编辑副标题 2009.09.01
这个急救培训事为了让大家知道基 本的急救知识和技能,使参加急救 的具备基本的急救技能和使用心肺 复苏术(,简称CPR )
急救电话:
• 急救?
在得到专业的救护之前,对伤员或急性 疾病人进行的最初治疗和处理。
• 挽救生命 • 防止情况进一步恶化
Is the airway open? Is the airway clear?
Look Listen & Feel Let me check !!
Is he breathing?
Listen and feel for breathing Observe & watch the chest rise and fall
- Management
Seek Medical Assistance
- Classification
Source :
• ARTERIAL BLEEDING - Spurts under pressure • VENOUS BLEEDING - Flow from wound
• CAPILLARY BLEEDING - Oozes fBiblioteka om the wound判断
颜色:脸色苍白,红 润
Pale, blue ( cyanosis ), red, nail bed refill
Blood
Blood Volume in adult : 7% of Body weight • 1 pump of cardiac output= 70 ml and heart can circulate about 4.5 to 5 liter in a minute • A severe blood loss can cause death!!!!

First;aid知识点复习教案

First;aid知识点复习教案

First Aid 知识点复习教案一、教学目标:1. 知识与技能:(1)掌握基本的急救知识;(2)学会处理突发状况,如心脏骤停、出血、骨折等;(3)熟悉急救器材的使用方法。

2. 过程与方法:(1)通过案例分析,提高学生分析和解决问题的能力;(2)通过实践操作,提高学生的动手能力和应变能力。

3. 情感态度与价值观:(1)培养学生的责任心和关爱他人的意识;(2)增强学生的安全意识和自我保护意识。

二、教学内容:1. 急救知识概述(1)急救的概念和意义;(2)急救的原则和注意事项。

2. 突发状况的处理(1)心脏骤停的处理;(2)出血的处理;(3)骨折的处理;(4)其他突发状况的处理。

3. 急救器材的使用(1)急救包的使用;(2)自动体外除颤器(AED)的使用;(3)呼吸器的使用。

三、教学过程:1. 导入:通过提问方式引导学生回顾急救知识,激发学生的学习兴趣。

2. 课堂讲解:(1)复习急救知识概述;(2)讲解突发状况的处理方法;(3)介绍急救器材的使用方法。

3. 案例分析:提供几个实际案例,让学生分析并讨论如何进行急救处理。

4. 实践操作:(1)模拟心脏骤停的情景,学生分组进行急救操作;(2)模拟出血和骨折的情景,学生分组进行急救操作;(3)让学生演示急救器材的使用方法。

5. 总结与评价:对学生的学习情况进行总结,给予表扬和鼓励,并提出改进建议。

四、教学资源:1. 教材:First Aid 知识点复习教材;2. 教具:投影仪、PPT、急救器材(如急救包、AED、呼吸器等);3. 辅助材料:案例分析资料。

1. 学生课堂参与度:观察学生在课堂上的发言和提问情况,了解学生的学习兴趣和积极性。

2. 学生实践操作能力:通过观察学生在实践操作中的表现,评估学生的动手能力和应变能力。

3. 学生知识掌握情况:通过课堂提问、案例分析和课后作业等方式,评估学生对急救知识的掌握程度。

六、教学策略:1. 采用问题驱动教学法,引导学生主动探究急救知识;2. 运用案例教学法,提高学生的实际操作能力;3. 采用分组讨论法,培养学生的团队协作能力;4. 利用模拟情景,增强学生的真实体验感。

Unit+5+First+Aid+Using+Language知识点高中英语人教版选择性必修第二册

Unit+5+First+Aid+Using+Language知识点高中英语人教版选择性必修第二册
was raining. ④He called up his memories and _d_r_o_w_n_e_d__h_im__s_e_lf_i_n_t_h_e_m___ 他回想起过去的事情并沉浸于其中。
2.panic vi.& vt.(使)惊慌 n.惊恐;恐慌 panic --panicked--panicked--panicking
【典例3】 0.3min ①It is bad manners to interrupt a speaker _w_i_t_h_frequent
questions. ②Let's go to a place where we can talk without _in__te_r_r_u_p_ti_on ③_It_i_s_n_o_t__p_o_li_te__to__in__te_r_r_u_p_t_____ when someone is talking. 在别人讲话时插嘴是不礼貌的。
4.desperate adj.绝望的,孤注一掷的,非常需要的
观察例句并总结用法
1.He was now holding his throat with his face turning red,
while his desperate friends were slapping him on the
预习检测 3.I think you should _g_ra_b_t_h_e_c_h_a_n_c_e_/_o_p_p_o_r_tu_n_i_ty______
抓【住课机堂会板to书tra/笔ve记l w】hile(y建ou议’r截e y屏ou,ng课. 后摘抄)
grab v. 抢先, 抢占抓住对…有好感, 对…产生影响 n. 试图抓取, 有意抢夺

Unit5FirstAid单词语法知识点清单高中英语人教版选择性

Unit5FirstAid单词语法知识点清单高中英语人教版选择性

(教研版)选修二unit 5 first Aid 知识点归纳重点单词短语1. techniquen. 技能;技术;技艺have a technique for 有……的技术technique in ……方面的技术例句①They learn basic techniques in selfdefenses.他们学习基本的自卫技巧。

②Dick Fosbury had a new technique for doing the high jump.迪克·福斯贝里有一项跳高的新技术。

2. sense of touch触觉sense of responsibility/duty 责任感,责任心sense of humor 幽默感,幽默sense of belonging 归宿感,归属感sense of smell 嗅觉sense of beauty 美感;审美感sense of direction 方向感例句①Good chef must have a good sense of smell.好厨师必须有好嗅觉。

②He had a poor sense of direction and soon got lost.他方向感很差,一会儿就迷路了。

③He is distinguished for his sense of humor.他以其幽默感著称。

3. minor adj. 较小的;次要的;轻微的(1)a minor matter 小事a minor party 少数党(2)minority n. [U,C]少数民族;少数a/the minority of 少数的be in the/a minority 占少数例句①This is a minor matter, but I actually think it is my life biggest pain.这是一件小事,但我却认为这是我一生最大的痛苦。

急救常识(Firstaidknowledge)

急救常识(Firstaidknowledge)

急救常识(First aid knowledge)First Aid TipsNasal bleedingThe nose bleeding head, did not stop bleeding, but cause nosebleed by inhalation of oral and respiratory. Pinch with your fingers on both sides of the nose for 4 to 8 minutes is the right thing to do, or soaked in ice water tampon nasal packing hemostasis. If these methods still can not stop the bleeding, you should immediately go to hospital.DrunkMild drinking, drinking tea can make its diuretic, accelerate the excretion of alcohol. Serious drinking, to drink vinegar, and the tongue pressed by fingers to vomit, to reduce the absorption of alcohol. If the treatment effect is not obvious, should be sent to hospital for treatment.HeatstrokeMild to moderate heat stroke, should be quickly transferred to a coolventilated Jingwo rest, take off or loose clothes, with a cold towel brush to rapidly reduce the temperature. Can let the sufferer drink some cool saline, cool beverage containing salt. If the patients with unconsciousness, convulsions, should be immediately sent to hospital.SunburnThe summer when they go out, should do protection work, such as paint on sunscreen, supporting sunshade etc.. When the skin is red and the scorching sun redness, pain, available cold towel in the affected area, and appropriately apply some moisturizing cream. If the skin has a blister, do not prick, should ask the doctor to deal with, in order to avoid secondary infection.Bee stingOuting once bee stings, should be carefully residual pull out the stinger, gently squeeze out the venom, wound, painted a little ammonia water or soda water. If a wasp stings, should be coated with acetic acid to neutralize the poison water. Local cold compress can relieve pain. If there is any abnormal reaction of nausea, dizziness, should immediately go to the hospital.When swimming, leg crampsLeg cramps occur in water, should immediately go ashore, straight leg down, seize the Dazu toe pull back by hand and massage the calf muscle. If you can not immediately go ashore, should remain calm, hold your breath, do the action in the water.Accidentally bite and swallow the mercury thermometerMercury thermometer in accidentally swallowed, Mercury will combine with in vivo thiol containing enzymes and proteins, affecting its activity, resulting in heavy metal poisoning. Although the mercury content in surface temperature is not much,but it may also cause stomatitis, after taking oral manifestations of acute gastroenteritis, erosion, ulcer, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, etc.. Gargle after drink egg white or milk, not only can remove the residual mercury in the oral cavity, but also make the protein in milk or egg white and swallow the mercury binding, to protect the gastric mucosa, reduce mercury absorption effect.Traumatic hemorrhageThe smaller or less superficial wounds, should be the first to use cold boiling water or clean tap water rinse, but do not remove the clot.The wound is a sheet of glass, knives and other foreign matter, don't touch, oppression and pull out, will be on both sides of a margin squeeze together, with a sterile gauze, bandage, immediately go to hospital for treatment.The collision and strike damage, subcutaneous bleeding, swelling and pain, can be covered with sterile gauze or clean towels in the wound, with ice cold for half an hour, and then bandaged to relieve the pain and swelling.Seriously, should go to the hospital.The wound is bleeding, use clean towel or gauze cover the wound, down 10 ~ 20 minutes and then use the bandage to stop bleeding, and no longer for the degree of bleeding, as the case to a hospital for medical treatment.KnifeAs a little wound, little bleeding, the wound is clean, still can make the finger flexion and extension activities, the available medical iodine disinfection wound and its surrounding skin to be dry, and then sterilized gauze or bandage to cover the wound.If the wound is large and deep, should stop bleeding, and immediately went to the hospital for treatment.Unfortunately if the finger was cut off, should immediately lift the injured finger, and then use a clean gauze bandage hemostasis. If the blood outflow is still more than, but also refers to the root of the wind in the tourniquet (available general cleaning rope instead of hemostasis, and the finger) wrapped with sterile cloth, into a clean plastic bag. Unless the finger pollution is particularly serious, generally do not wash, do not use any liquid immersion finger, immediately go to hospital for treatment.ScaldOnce burned, should immediately rinse with cold water or cold burns, for 15 minutes or so, to relieve pain, reduce the burn degree. Do not arbitrarily wound medicine, not to wound treatment with soy sauce, vegetable oil and other means. If a scald blisters, don't prick, available clean gauze, go to the hospital for treatment.fractureSure after fracture, must be on the injured limb (finger) for sending the hospital fixed fracture, or abnormal activities, will aggravate the injury. To use wood, bamboo sticks, branches, and magazines such as temporary splint for. In the absence of such materials can be fixed in the trunk, upper limb, lower limb fixed on the side of the healthy limb.pneumothoraxSome people, especially in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cough, in strenuous exercise or laugh, will exacerbate pneumothorax, chest pain, deep breathing, and radiation to the shoulder and back, seriously, there will be difficulty in breathing, blood pressure and other emergency situations. In this case, and move back with taboo, so as to avoid heavy chest. We should make the patient get semi supine, if equipped with oxygen, oxygen should be immediately and call an ambulance.SeizureWhen the ambulance arrived, can let the head to the side of the patient, to prevent choking vomit. Then, find a metal spoon or a toothbrush and other chewy things into his upper and lower teeth, prevent the tongue bite. For adults, the best wrapped in a layer of towels or handkerchiefs in something hard to bite the teeth.The cat and dog bitesSome people were arrested after the animal bite on the body, leaving only the tooth marks or scratches, no wound that don't have to deal with, this practice is very dangerous. Because the tooth marks or scratches may cause skin damage invisible, rabies virus may also invade from the wound.Vaccination should be early enough. The patient must bite to bite on the same day, after third days, seventh days, fourteenth days, thirtieth days of the intramuscular injection of a vaccine. Must injection in the deltoid muscle in the upper arm or the thigh, not to be injected in the buttocks, so as not to affect the effect of vaccine. 10 days after the injection,Should the venous blood for antibody detection. If the antibody titer reached or exceeded 3 units / ml of standard, which represents the immune effect, such as below standard, should be appropriate to increase the vaccination needle number, in order to achieve control effect.Wrongly rodenticidesRodenticide toxicity after ingestion of different ingredients, different clinical manifestations, such as stomach discomfort, vomiting, diarrhea, convulsions, coma can be serious. Water dilution, vomiting and other methods are difficult to work, the hospital emergency gastric lavage or symptomatic treatment is the best policy.Ankle sprainThe sprained ankle, don't walk, also don't rub and rotate theinjured joint, so as not to aggravate the injury. Immediately with cold towel or ice on the affected area, favorable swelling and pain, relieve muscle spasm. After 24 hours can be changed to hot compress. If you suspect a bleeding, the best use of elastic bandage, but not too tight, so as not to impede the blood circulation of the following parts. If you suspect a fracture, preferably with splint or find the nearest stick injured ankle, and go to the hospital as soon as possible.Stop breathing (breathing)First of all, let the patient supine, head back, ensure the airway open. If the mouth blood, vomit, dentures and other foreign bodies should be removed as soon as possible. Then do artificial respiration: rescue, take a deep breath, and then pinch the patient's nose, mouth like a balloon like for aspiration, be careful not to leak. Blowing a gas every 5 seconds, repeated. Meet the mouth not open mouth or serious trauma, can be used for artificial respiration from its nostrils aspirated.Cardiac arrest (chest compressions)Let the patient lying on the hard bed or flat on the ground, untie their tops, the rescue will be placed on the heel of one hand under his sternum 1/3 position, on the other hand are overlapped on the back of the hand. The rescue to maintain the vertical arms, the body weight of continuous pressing down a frequency of about 70 times per minute. When pressed, the force should be moderate, to make each press 3 ~ 5 cm of sunken sternum. Note that the palm always don't leave the press site.No heartbeat breathing (CPR)Respiratory and cardiac arrest, the brain will soon appear within 4 minutes of hypoxia, there will be half of the damaged brain cells. More than 5 minutes before the body performed CPR, only 1/4 people could revive.CPR, first with the fist part of heart rhythm tapping force patients chest left nipple inside 2 ~ 3 times, raised his fist, from the chest 20 ~ 30 cm, to grasp the power of knock. If not restored pulse beat, should immediately do 4 breaths, then do chest compressions. A man performed CPR, every 15 compressions then breaths. Two people cooperate during cardiopulmonary resuscitation, even the first to give 4 breaths, then one make 5 consecutive compressions after the stop, another person to do a breathing.Gas poisoningWhen there is a gas leak, the correct approach is to turn off the gas immediately, window ventilation. The rescue in the gas overflow room, should first took a deep breath, and then use wet towels or handkerchiefs, to prevent poisoning themselves. In the gas not cleared before,Don't turn on the lights, press the bell, on the phone or use lighters and matches, so as not to cause an explosion. Then, the poisoning moved to the ventilated place, loosen the collar, belt poisoning. To observe the heartbeat and breathing, consciousness. If has no heartbeat and breathing, immediatelycarry out artificial respiration and chest compressions; such as heartbeat, breathing, you should immediately call the emergency phone, sent to hospital for hyperbaric oxygen treatment, so as not to leave sequela.drowningRescue a drowning man, must use the buoy, ball or board, in addition to full-time lifeguards, even people who can swim, don't hand near drowning. The drowning man rescued, should immediately check his breathing and heartbeat. If breathing stops, should do artificial respiration immediately, the first mouth blown 4 continuous tone, to observe whether the recovery of spontaneous breathing in 5 seconds, if no response should do artificial respiration until the recovery of spontaneous breathing. Such as drowning breathing, no heartbeat, should implement cpr. Such as drowning drink plenty of water, in the conscious, with his knee against the back, one hand on the abdomen, another hand clawed its mouth to spit water, ambulance or one leg down, let the drowning man face down down to the knee on the spit.Airway foreign body (hand pinch throat, face distress, fear is the typical symptoms of airway foreign bodies)Save oneself:The cough method. The first breath, then cough with lean, sometimes it can be taken from the foreign body airway cough.The abdomen boxing impact method. The thumb joint prominentpoint holds the upper abdomen, the equivalent between the xiphoid process and the abdominal midline, left hand clenched right hand, and then forced inward as 4 ~ 6 times of continuous and rapid impact.Mutual aid:The rescue station in patients with posterior position, one hand placed on the chest, another palm root alignment of spine of scapular region, and grant for 4 ~ 6 times fast beating.Infant first aid:Let children ride and prone to emergency responders on the forearm, head lower than the trunk, and the arm on his lap, with another palm root tapping force in the scapular region of 4 ~ 6 times.Cervical spine injuryIf you suspect that the injured cervical injury, should be flat to lift the wounded on the stretcher, hand drawing and fixing the head and neck support. A neck brace, should put a sandbag or clothes in the wounded on both sides of the neck, to prevent head twist or buckling cause the cervical vertebra injury.Spinal fractureBy 3 to 4 people on the same side and hold the wounded head, shoulder, hip and lower limb, the wounded Pinto, lying on the board, and fixed with bandages. The best in the prone position,and put a soft pillow on the chest and abdomen. Prohibited the use of "moving head moving foot" lift arms move or handling the wounded, but also disable the ordinary soft stretcher handling.Head injuryIf the wounded seriously injured and unconscious, rescuers should immediately remove the vomit and blood clots in the oral cavity, the head to the side, pull out the tongue, to prevent suffocation. The blood along the nasal cavity and the ear canal outflow, do not use a cotton ball, gauze or other obstructions.Need to be reminded that, sometimes, people accidentally fell, the occiput, seemingly without any local lesions,A day to be eight hours of sleep, not napping habits than the old21. is the best time to sleep in the evening of 10 ~ 6 in the morningThe 22. day no more than a cup of drink, because alcohol can inhibit the production of antibodies to B cells, increasing the chance of bacterial infectionTake 23. capsules should be swallowed with cold water (which can be the first to eat), 30 minutes before bedtime bogey to lie down immediately.24. plum prevent aging, youth; liver problems are advised to eat more25. hair factor: stay up, pressure, alcohol, fried chicken steak. Hot pot. Greasy food. #123; taste heavy food?26. help hair growth: eat more cabbage, eggs. Beans; eat sweets (especially fructose)The 27. day a cup of lemon juice, orange juice. Not only can you can also dilute the black spot28. apples are drug addicts, bikers, housewives of medicine, one day, to let yourself have a clean lungs29. smoking and vitamin (a -A vitamin B carotene), carcinogenic, quit smoking as soon as possible is the most healthy approach.Five times 30. women should not drink tea: menstruation, pregnancy, birth. Production after menopause31. smoking is the greatest lung cancer, lip cancer, tongue cancer, laryngeal cancer, esophageal cancer, is also associated with bladder cancer32. alcohol induced liver cancer lead to cirrhosis of the liver.33. eat areca oral fibrosis can cause oral cancer.34. the food is too fine, the lack of fiber; contains a lot of fat, especially cholesterol can cause gastric cancer35. food is too rough, leading to inadequate nutrition ofesophageal cancer, gastric cancerAflatoxin in food 36.. Sub class X have carcinogenicity37. to second-hand smoke don't smoke.38. moderate drinking, not to fight a long time not drunk.39. eat less salt. Smoked, barbecue food40. the daily intake of fresh vegetables and fruitsThe grain and legume rich in high fiber intake of every 41.42. daily intake of a balanced diet, not excessive43. maintain ideal weight. But the fat44. maintain regular life and movement45. maintain a pleasant mood46. correct eating habits: in the morning to eat at noon to eat like a king, like civilians, at night to eat like a beggarRP said: please take this medicine oral medicine; P.O; INJ. injection; MIXT. mixture; TAD. tablet; SOL. solution; CO. compound; PR. enema; I.D intradermal injection; I.V intravenous injection; I.V.GTT. intravenous drip; IH in subcutaneous injection; IM intramuscular injection; O.M every morning; O.N HS. said a night; sleep; AM. PM. said the morning;afternoon; A.C. said before; P.C. said after a meal; SOS. is represented by a need; ST. said immediately; QD said once a day; BID said two times a day; TID said three times a day; QID said once every two days. QH said; every hour; Q2H said every two hours; Q3H said every three hours; by analogy; MCG said MG micrograms; Mg; G said ML grams; ml; usage table shows sig;。

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First Aid 急救技能知识创伤急救止血:伤口出血呈喷射状或鲜红血液涌出时,立即用清洁手指压迫出血点上方(近心点)使血流中断,并将出血肢体抬高或举高,以减少出血量。

用止血带止血时,应先用柔软布片数层垫在止血带下面,不要在上臂中三分之一处和腋窝下使用止带,以免损伤神经。

严禁用电线、铁丝、细绳等作止血带使用。

外出血通常止血方法:1)指压止血法 2)加压包扎止血法 3)加垫屈肢止血法 4)止血带止血法使用止血带必须注意以下几点:1.上止血带前,皮肤与止血带之间应加一层布垫,或将止血带上在衣裤外面,以免损伤皮肤。

2.上止血带要适宜,以能止住出血为度,扎松了不能止血,扎得过紧则损伤皮肤与神经。

3.上止血带的部位要尽可能靠近伤口。

一般情况上肢出血扎在上臂的上1/3处(中1/3处容易损伤桡神经),下肢出血扎在大腿中,上1/3交界处。

但在受伤肢体已无法挽救的情况下(需进行截肢者),则止血带应尽量扎在伤口近心端靠近伤口处。

4.上止血带过久,容易引起肢体坏死,因此每隔40~50min应放松一次,每次放松2~3min。

必须注意,放松止血带时要在伤口处加压,以防止血带放松后引起猛烈出血。

5.运送伤员时,要有明显标志,并注明上止血带与放松止血带的时间。

骨折急救:肢体骨折可用夹板或木棍,竹竿等将断骨上、下方两个关节固定,避免骨折部位移动,以减少疼痛,防止伤势恶化。

切勿将外露的断骨推回伤口内。

溺水急救:发现有人溺水应设法(能下水则下水,不能下水千万不可逞一时之用。

)迅速将其从水中救出,呼吸心跳停止者用心肺复苏法坚持抢救。

曾受水中抢救训练者在水中即可抢救。

高温中暑急救:中暑现象,其症状一般为恶心、呕吐、胸闷、眩晕、嗜睡、虚脱,严重时抽搐,惊厥甚至昏迷。

应立即将病员从高温或日晒环境转移到阴凉通风处休息。

用冷水擦浴,湿毛巾覆盖身体,电扇吹风或在头部置冰袋等方法降温,不可在全身使用温度过低的物品降温,并及时给病人口服盐水,严重者送医院抢救治疗。

车祸自救互救:对事故伤员的现场急救,应从受伤部位、伤后不同姿势以及伤员的具体伤情出发,采取不同的急救措施。

最常见的是驾驶员被方向盘或变形的驾驶室撞伤,并困在其内。

在撬开驾驶室门窗后,可用硬纸板或厚塑料纸固定颈部,以免颈椎错位或损伤;同时可用一块板插到伤员背后,用绷带或布条固定,一起将伤员慢慢移出驾驶室。

切勿随意将伤员拉出,造成二次损伤,甚至导致生命危险,对弹离座位或被车辆撞倒的伤员,不能随便抬抱,要先将伤员作为一个整体转至平卧位,固定颈部,由三四人步调一致托起,并移至木板上;其次,用带子把伤员固定在木板上,头放后、足在前,平稳搬运。

如果现场只有一人,急救者应靠近伤员后面,双手穿过伤员腋下,抓住其未受伤的肢臂,轻轻抬起,然后小心向后拖曳。

拖动时,保持伤员的头、颈、胸部处于一直线水平上。

伤员表面皮肤少量出血,可用布压迫止血后包扎;喷射状出血,说明大血管破裂,应设法钳夹血管止血;对四肢出血,一般可用带子扎在近心端,扎一小时放松5分钟。

四肢骨折时,可临时用木条、树枝等固定患肢,以免骨折端刺破周围组织、血管和神经。

若胸部受到挤压、碰撞时,易发生肋骨骨折,此时不要过多挪动胸部和用手触摸。

原则上禁止给伤员服任何饮料和茶水。

因为大多伤员须手术治疗,饮服饮料和茶水必会增加手术难度。

对已昏迷、严重休克、头部外伤和呼吸道阻塞的伤员,严禁用吗啡,以免抑制呼吸和掩盖伤情。

对昏迷的伤员应注意开放气道,将伤员头略向一侧倾斜,有利于口鼻腔内的分泌物、血液、粘液和其他异物排出体外。

同时,取出伤员身上的尖刀、金属币、钥匙等物,以免压伤。

触电急救:发生触电时,必须立即急救,急救分三阶段进行,即:人体脱离电源;现场急救;送医院治疗。

1.人体脱离电源常用的人体脱离电源的方法有:立即切断电源;用木棒、竹竿、干衣服、塑料棒等绝缘物作工具;拉开带电导线;用有绝缘柄的钳子将输电线切断;用木板、干橡胶等绝缘物插入触电者身下。

人体脱离电源时要注意:救护人员要防止自己触电,要防止触电者摔伤;夜间要迅速解决临时照明设施,以利抢救。

2.现场急救1)若触电者没有失去知觉、心脏跳动仍有呼吸时,这种情况,应使触电者保持安静,不要走动。

如果心脏仍跳动,呼吸也在进行,但触电者已失去知觉,这时应让触电者平卧,解开衣服,打开窗户,注意保暖、也可摩擦全身使之发热。

2)若触电者心脏仍跳动,呼吸已停止,这时应采用“口对口”或“口对鼻”的人工呼吸法进行抢救。

3)若触电者心脏已停止跳动,呼吸也已停止,这时应尽快送医院,并在送医院路途中采用“口对口”人工呼吸法及“胸外心脏挤压法”进行抢救。

现场抢救时要注意:不能打强心针,不可给触电者泼冷水和压木板,要防止触电者被抢救苏醒后会出现的狂奔现象。

3.送医院治疗对触电者进行现场抢救后,一般都要送医院检查治疗,对严重者必须及时送医院治疗。

扭伤:扭伤发生48小时内使用冰袋,之后冷热交替。

在仍然疼痛的时候尽量避免使用扭伤的肌肉。

当疼痛减缓后,开始缓慢地做一些适度的恢复性运动。

具体实施:1.急性期首先要区分伤势轻重。

一般来讲,如果自己活动时扭伤部位虽然疼痛,但并不剧烈,大多是软组织损伤,可以自己医治。

如果自己活动时有剧痛,不能站立和挪步,疼在骨头上,扭伤时有声响,伤后迅速肿胀等,是骨折的表现,应马上到医院诊治。

踝扭伤后48小时内,应用冰敷抬高压迫予以警急处理。

病患可先用弹性绷带或充气式固定器加以压迫防止进一步肿胀,同时将下肢抬高增加静脉血回流以防肿胀。

此时更是冰敷的最佳时机,将冰块包上毛巾或者在夏季可以用冰凉的山泉水沾湿毛巾就是最简单的冰敷用具。

冰敷目的在防止内出血持续。

根据具体情况掌握冷敷频率,登山活动可以按照每小时敷二十分钟进行,但需避免冻伤。

要正确使用热敷和冷敷。

热敷和冷敷都是物理疗法,作用却截然不同。

血遇热而活,遇寒则凝,所以在受伤早期宜冷敷,以减少局部血肿;在出血停止以后再热敷,可加速消散伤处周围的瘀血。

一般而言,受伤24到48小时后始用热敷。

抬高、冷敷也可以在关节周围包一层厚棉花,外用绷带包扎,这样可以减轻肿胀。

如果是踝关节扭伤而无医务人员在场处理,可以不脱鞋袜,在鞋上直接扎一8字形绷带。

2.亚急性期此期可开始接受物理治疗,主要为超音波与经皮电刺激治疗,患者居家患部可泡热水,在水中不痛范围内轻轻活动5分钟,随后泡冷水于水中静止一分钟,如此反复冷热交替,唯结束时也是泡热水。

平时走路最好穿上护踝。

这时可以进行一些药物治疗。

伤处可贴膏药或者敷消肿散(芙蓉叶30克、赤小豆10克、芒硝粉3克,研成细末,加蜜或白酒调成糊状,敷在患处,2-3天换1次)同时还可内服跌打丸。

在敷药前可按摩伤处,用双手拇指轻轻揉动,揉动方向是从下至上,这样既能止痛又能消肿。

3.慢性期可开始小步慢跑,或者活动扭伤部位。

最好穿护踝或贴扎再跑,更可练习跑八字,但对踝关节扭伤来说还不能跳。

一般而言跳上去没事,下来时很容易再扭到。

即使治疗得当,最好也要等六周再渐渐恢复原来运动量。

在此之前锻练小腿足外翻肌肉,是确保不再扭到的关键。

总的来说,当发生运动伤害时,最好要马上处理。

处理的原则有五项,简称P.R.I.C.E.:* 保护(Protection)* 休息(Rest)* 冰敷(Icing)* 压迫(Compression)* 抬高(Elevation)保护的目的是不要引发再次伤害,休息是为了减少疼痛、出血、肿胀并防止伤势恶化。

压迫及抬高也都有上述的效果。

冰敷还能够有止痛的功能。

挫伤、瘀青、轻度肌肉拉伤、韧带扭伤,经由上面几种方式处理,以及适当的复健治疗,都能够在短时间内回复健康。

严重的肌肉拉伤(断裂)、韧带扭伤(断裂)、骨折,则必须由专科医师手术治疗。

骨折:1 .骨折的种类1)开放性骨折即骨折的断端与外界相通。

2)闭合性骨折即骨折的断端不与外界相通。

2 . 骨折的判断* 疼痛剧烈,尤在骨折处有明显压痛。

* 肿胀。

骨折断端可刺伤周围神经、血管、软组织及骨髓腔内出血,造成局部血肿。

* 骨折局部畸形。

造成受伤部位的形状改变,如肢体短缩、成角、旋转等。

* 骨摩擦音。

骨折断端互相磨擦所发生的声音,但不要为了听骨摩擦音而去反复移动骨折断端。

* 功能障碍。

骨折后原有的运动功能受到影响甚至完全丧失。

3 . 搬运方法1)单人徒手搬运(1)扶行法如果伤员能行走,则救护人员站于伤员一侧,扶持伤员使其自行行走。

(2)抱持法如果伤员不能行走,但神志尚清楚,救护人员可以一膝跪地,以右手托住伤员背部,将其上身稍稍扶起,并使伤员一手勾住救护人员的颈部,救护人员再用左手托住伤员的大腿,将伤员抱起。

(3)背负法救护人员躺在伤员的一侧,而对伤员,一手紧握伤员的肩,另一手抱伤员的腿,用力翻身,使伤员扶在自己背上,而后慢慢站立起来,背着运走。

操作时注意尽量贴近伤员,翻身动作要迅速,站立时先屈曲一膝,然后再站起来。

2)双手搬运(1)椅托式甲乙两救护人员在伤员两侧对立,甲以右膝,乙以左膝跪地,各以一手伸入伤员大腿之下互相紧握,另一手彼此交替搭于肩上,支托伤员背部托起。

(2)双人拉车式甲乙两救护人员,一个站在伤员的头部,两手插入其腋下,抱入怀内,一个站在足部,背向伤员两腿之间,抱住两腿肘窝处,两人步调一致前行。

(3)平托式甲乙两人同时站在伤员一侧,一人用手臂抱住其颈肩部,另一人用手臂抱住腿部,平行前进。

注意,以上徒手搬运法,对有脊柱骨折的病人禁用。

对患者搬运注意事项:1)搬运前一定要作好对伤员的检查和急救处理。

2)按病情需要,选用适当的搬运方法。

3)搬运时,动作要轻、稳、迅速,并避免震动。

4)在整个搬运过程中,应经常观察病情变化,并将病情变化和所进行的各项处理及时告诉拟接收伤员的医院医务人员。

如途中有无呕吐、出血、昏迷,以及止血带使用情况等。

对小儿创伤的急救处理:小儿喜爱玩耍,又没有经验,容易造成各种创伤。

如果是很浅的擦伤,注意要先把伤口用自来水或温开水反复冲洗,再涂点红药水即可。

然后每天涂红药水2-3次,同时最好去医院注射1次破伤风抗毒素如果受到钝器打击或冲压,皮肤未破,但局部有青紫的包块,就是皮下发生了小血肿;轻的一般不要处理,如果是肠、腹、腰、关节或脑部等处受到较重挫伤,必须立即去医院治疗如果是被刀、剪、玻璃等划破皮肤,可在伤口上涂点红药水防止感染。

如果手指被切伤,应把手举高,捏住指根两边,可以止住出血,在切伤处涂些红药水或在伤口周围皮肤涂上碘酒、酒精,用干净的布包扎好。

如果手指被切断了,应一面给孩子止血包扎,一面用干净布把断指包起,和孩子一块速去医院,大多可以接上。

同时需要注射破伤风抗毒素。

头皮破伤不大,可以按压伤口处周围的皮肤,就可止血;然后把头发剃去或剪去,局部涂消毒药水后包扎;破伤较大,必须去医院处理。

持续高烧不可轻视现场急救:物理降温法: 1.水毛巾或冰袋冷敷头额部、枕部以保护脑组织。

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