复合宾语的翻译
谈英语中的复合结构
谈英语中的复合结构英语的四大复合结构英语的复合结构由两个部分组成：一个部分表示人或者物，另一个部分表示动作或者状态。
两个部分之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，就是第一部分的人或物是第二部分动作的执行者或承受者，或者，第二部分所表示的状态就是第一部分所表示的人或物所处的状态。
例如： We think a good knowledge of English as necessary as an excellent ability to communicate in the work of a foreign affairs official. 〔英语必不可少〕 With stepping stones along the road, you don't have to walk in the mud. 〔沿路的是石头〕英语中有四大复合结构：1. 动词不定式的复合结构〔 for sb to do sth 〕 Please find some work for the children to do. 〔孩子们做工作〕 The book is too difficult for me to read，〔我读不懂〕 2. 动名词的复合结构〔 sb's / sb doing sth 〕His being late again made the teacher angry. 〔他迟到〕 Would you mind my / me smoking here？〔我抽烟〕动名词复合结构不在句首时可以用“宾格加动名词〞。
以上两种结构中，一个只能用不定式表示动作，一个只能用动名词；而在下面两个结构中，可以有多种词性的词表示动作或状态。
3. 独立主格结构〔主格名词或代词+补足成分〕 The work finished, we stopped for a drink. 〔分词〕 She looked angrily at the pretty girl, her face white and her eyes green. 〔形容词〕 Sword in hand, the man came at me. 〔介词短语〕独立主格结构在句子中做状语，表原因或伴随状态。
英语基本句型翻译
英语基本句型翻译（一）主谓结构1.她昨天回家很晚。
2.会议将持续两个小时。
3.在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。
4.这种事情全世界各地每天都在发生5.1919年，在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。
6.这个盒子重五公斤。
7.秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。
8.我的爷爷早晨起得很早。
9.每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。
（二）系表结构1.冬季白天短，夜晚长。
2.布朗夫人看起来很健康。
3.十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。
4.她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。
5.他失业了。
6.树叶已经变黄了。
7.这个报告听起来很有意思。
（三）主谓宾结构1.昨晚我写了一封信。
2.他们成功地完成了计划。
3.你们必须在两周内看完这些书。
4.Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。
5.我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。
6.他不知道说什么好。
7.我开窗户你在意吗？短语动词1.他指出了我的作文中的错误。
2.圣诞节我们将去看望外籍教师。
3.五分钟内我们是不可能解出这道题来的。
4.他们高度赞扬了英雄的业迹。
5.这位护士会好好照顾你父亲的。
6.你在工作中可依靠他。
7.写完作文后，我们必须把它从头到尾看一遍。
8.脱掉你的外套，走前再穿。
9.我们必须派人去请医生。
（四）复合宾语结构1.他的父母给他取名为John.2.我们大家都认为他是诚实的。
3.他们把门推开了。
4.我们要使学校变得更美丽。
5.我要你把真相告诉我。
6.明天我要找人来修理机器。
7.每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。
8.痛苦使得他叫喊起来。
9.我们不会让她在晚上外出的。
10.他每个月理一次发。
11.我要请人把我的录音机修理一下。
12.那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了。
13.她正在听人家讲故事。
（五）There be 句型1.今晚没有会。
2.这个村子过去只有一口井。
3.这个学校有一名音乐老师和两名美术老师。
4.客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。
5.天气预报说下午有大风。
6.灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。
7.战前这儿一直有家电影院的。
英语语法中的专业术语的翻译
感叹词 interjection 缩写 int.
代词pronoun 缩写pron.
名词 noun 缩写n.
☆普通名词 common noun (集体名词 collective noun/个体名词 individual noun
物质名词 material noun/ 抽象名词 abstract noun ) ☆专有名词 proper noun
☆可数名词 countable noun 不可数名词 uncountable noun
关联词 connective
从句 clause
从属句 subordinate clause
并列句 coordinate clause
☆名词从句 nominal clause
主语从句 subject clause
宾语从句 objective clause
表语从句 predicative clause
同位语从句 oppositive clause
定冠词 definite article 不定冠词 indefinite article
☆数词 numeral 缩写num.
基数词 cardinal numeral 序数词 ordinal numeral
连词 conjunction 缩写 conj.
☆并列连词 coordinating conjunction 从属连词 subordinating conjunction
☆定语从句 attributive clause
with复合结构及翻译练习
with复合结构及翻译练习With复合结构with结构是许多英语复合结构中最常⽤的⼀种。
形式⾮常灵活，表达的意思也多种多样，在单选、完形中经常出现，且写作⽂时是很好的加分表达⽅式。
with结构的构成它是由介词 with或without+复合结构构成，复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语，复合宾语中第⼀部分宾语由名词或代词充当，第⼆部分补⾜语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当，分词可以是现在分词，也可以是过去分词。
With结构构成⽅式如下：with或without- 名词/代词+形容词例句： He is used to sleep ing with the win dows ope n.with 或without- 名词/代词+副词例句： She left the room with all the lights on.with或without-名词/代词+介词短语例句： He walked into the dark street with a stick in his hand.with或without- 名词/代词+动词不定式例句： With so much work to do, I have no time for a holiday.with 或without- 名词/代词+分词例句： We found the house easily with the little boy lead ing the way.（现在分词表⽰主动动作，即分词所表⽰的动作是由with后的宾语发出来的）With all the thi ngs she n eeded bought, she went home happily.（过去分词表⽰被动，with后⾯的宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系）without+名词/代词+补语例句： Possibly this person died without anyone knowing where the coins were hidde n.He won dered if he could slide out of the lecture hall without anyone no tic ing （him）.with the win ter is coming with+不定式和+分词的区别with复合结构的句法功能with复合结构，在句中表状态或说明背景情况该结构常做伴随、⽅式、原因、条件等状语。
第二讲：复合宾语及特殊句型
七升八英语讲义时间2013年月日校区课次第1次课科目英语内容特殊句型及句子结构（二）：复合宾语一、第五种句型：主+ 谓+ 宾语+ 宾语补足语在英语中有些句子里只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面加上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思。
我们把“宾语+ 宾语补足语”合起来称为复合宾语。
宾语补足语通常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词来充当。
宾语与宾语补足语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。
1. 由名词和形容词作宾补时，宾语和宾补之间具有逻辑上．．．．．．。
．．．的主系表关系1）由名词作宾语补足语We call him Old Henry ! （名词作宾补，表达了him“是什么”）我们把他叫做老亨利。
（him和Old Henry之间存在逻辑主谓关系，即He is Old Henry.）2）由形容词作宾语补足语Please keep the door open. （形容词作宾补，表达了the door的状态，特点）请让门开着。
（the door和open之间存在逻辑主谓关系，即The door is open.）The moving movie made me sad.这部让人感动的电影让我很悲伤。
（me和sad之间存在逻辑主谓关系，即I was sad.）2.由副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾补时，宾语和宾补之间具有逻辑上的主谓关系．．．．．．．．。
1）Mum asked me to clean my bedroom. （不定式作宾补）妈妈叫我打扫卧室。
（me和clean the room存在逻辑主谓关系，即I cleaned my bedroom.）此类动词常见的有：ask（要求）, tell（告诉）, order（命令）, allow（允许）等。
eg.I often see her dance in the park. （不定式作宾补，省略to，宾补表述经常性的动作）我们经常看见她在公园里跳舞。
《英语的五种基本句型》
英语的五种基本句型英语的基本句型第一篇（一）Subject (主语) ＋ Verb (谓语)这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，常见的动词如：work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。
1) Li Ming works very hard.李明学习很努力。
2) The little girl cried even harder. 小女孩哭得更厉害了。
3) The accident happened yesterday afternoon.事故是昨天下午发生的。
及物动词和不及物动词是什么？后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词，叫做及物动词I believe that the committee will consider our suggestion.我相信委员会将会考虑我们的建议。
本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词，叫做不及物动词Birds fly.鸟会飞。
My watch stopped.我的表停了。
通俗地讲；句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。
这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
句子的谓语动词不能表达完整的意思，这类动词叫做及物动词。
及物动词后面可直接接宾语，不及物动词后面不可直接接宾语，一般要加介词后再接宾语。
实际上很多动词既是及物动词，又是不及物动词。
不及物动词有哪些？纯不及物动词：arrive, come, craw, die, dive, walk, go, run, come, fall, flow, happen, rise,agree,1isten,兼作及物动词和不及物动词：wash, sell, lock, wear,begin,leave,wash,do其他：sleep, dream, smile, live,fly,stop,heppen,run,suffer,belong,come句型特点；此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。
宾语补足语
用来补充说明宾语的身份或状态的词或短语叫做宾语补足语。
宾语+宾语补足语，叫做复合宾语。
如果直接宾语是不定式、动名词、从句，常用it来做形式宾语。
They elected him their monitor.I found the baby always happy.I find it easy to sing a song. 下一部分详细讲解宾语补足语。
五．宾语补足语1．定义宾语补足语是指及物动词后的,用以补充说明宾语身份,状态等的名词或短语. Electricity can make a machine run. We consider the answer correct.2. 此类及物动词有：make（使），consider（认为），cause（引起），see（看见），find（发现），call（称为，叫做），get（让，使得），Have（让，使得），let（让）等。
3．辨别方法：宾语补足语回答“宾语是人时，谁怎么样啊，怎么了，干什么啊”等；当“宾语是物时，什么东西怎么了，怎么样….”等问题。
如：I find you interesting. 我发现你，你是宾语。
你怎么了？你有趣Interesting.I saw a book interesting. 我看见一本书，书是宾语。
书怎么样？interesting.4．宾语补足语的构成(1) 名词（包括名词性物主代词）：Her father named her Kate.(2) 形容词或形容词短语：They pained their house white.(3) 不定式及其短语：You musn’t force him to lend his money to you.Make, see, have, let, watch, notice, hear, observe等动词后的宾语补足语是不定式时，不加to; help 后的宾补可带也可不带to。
各种英语语法知识术语翻译
是各种语法术语的英文名称，那多去了。
可以是一本小册子。
名词性从句：Noun Clauses. 语法grammar 句法syntax 词法morphology构造structure 层次rank 句子sentence 从句clause 词组phrase词类part of speech 单词word 实词notional word 虚词structural word单纯词simple word派生词derivative复合词compound词性part of speech名词noun 专有名词proper noun 普通名词common noun可数名词countable noun 不可数名词uncountable noun 抽象名词abstract noun详细名词concret noun 物质名词material noun 集体名词collective noun个体名词individual noun 介词preposition 连词conjunction 动词verb主动词main verb 及物动词transitive verb 不及物动词intransitive verb系动词link verb 助动词auxiliary verb 情态动词modal verb规那么动词regular verb 不规那么动词irregular verb 短语动词phrasal verb限定动词finite verb 非限定动词infinite verb 使役动词causative verb感官动词verb of senses 动态动词event verb 静态动词state verb感慨词exclamation 形容词adjective 副词adverb 方式副词adverb of manner 程度副词adverb of degree 时间副词adverb of time 地点副词adverb of place修饰性副词adjunct 连接性副词conjunct 疑问副词interogative adverb关系副词relative adverb 代词pronoun 人称代词personal pronoun物主代词possesive pronoun 反身代词reflexive pronoun 互相代词reciprocal pronoun 指示代词demonstrative pronoun 疑问代词interrogative pronoun关系代词relative pronoun 不定代词indefinite pronoun 物主代词possecive pronoun 名词性物主代词nominal possesive prnoun 形容词性物主代词adjectival possesive pronoun 冠词article 定冠词definite article 不定冠词indefinite article数词numeral 基数词cardinal numeral 序数词ordinal numeral分数词fractional numeral 形式form 单数形式singular form 复数形式plural form 限定动词finite verb form 非限定动词non-finite verb form 原形base form从句clause 附属句subordinate clause 并列句coordinate clause名词从句nominal clause 定语从句attributive clause 状语从句adverbial clause宾语从句object clause 主语从句subject clause 同位语从句appositive clause时间状语从句adverbial clause of time 地点状语从句adverbial clause of place方式状语从句adverbial clause of manner 让步状语从句adverbial clause of concession 原因状语从句adverbial clause of cause 结果状语从句adverbial clause of result目的状语从句adverbial clause of purpose 条件状语从句adverbial clause of condition 真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of real condition 非真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of unreal condition 含蓄条件句adverbial clause of implied condition错综条件句adverbial clause of mixed condition 句子sentence 简单句simple sentence 并列句compound sentence 复合句complex sentence并列复合句compound complex sentence 陈述句declarative sentence疑问句interrogative sentence 一般疑问句general question特殊疑问句special question 选择疑问句alternative question附加疑问句tag question 反义疑问句disjunctive question修辞疑问句rhetorical question 感慨疑问句exclamatory question存在句existential sentence 肯定句positive sentence 根本句型basic sentence patern 否认句negative sentence 祈使句imperative sentence 省略句elliptical sentence感慨句exclamatory sentence 句子成分members of sentences 主语subject谓语predicate 宾语object 双宾语dual object 直接宾语direct object间接宾语indirect object 复合宾语complex object 同源宾语cognate object补语complement 主补subject complement 宾补object complement表语predicative 定语attribute 同位语appositive 状语adverbial句法关系syntatic relationship 并列coordinate 附属subordination修饰modification 前置修饰pre-modification 后置修饰post-modification限制restriction 双重限制double-restriction 非限制non-restriction 数number 单数形式singular form 复数形式plural form 规那么形式regular form不规那么形式irregular form 格case 普通格common case 所有格possessive case 主格nominative case 宾格objective case 性gender 阳性masculine阴性feminine 通性common 中性neuter 人称person 第一人称first person 第二人称second person 第三人称third person 时态tense过去将来时past future tense 过去将来进展时past future continuous tense过去将来完成时past future perfect tense 一般如今时present simple tense一般过去时past simple tense 一般将来时future simple tense如今完成时past perfect tense 过去完成时present perfect tense将来完成时future perfect tense 如今进展时present continuous tense过去进展时past continuous tense 将来进展时future continuous tense过去将来进展时past future continuous tense如今完成进展时present perfect continuous tense过去完成进展时past perfect continuous tense 语态voice 主动语态active voice被动语态passive voice 语气mood 陈述语气indicative mood祈使语气imperative mood 虚拟语气subjunctive mood 否认negation否认范围scope of negation 全部否认full negation 部分否认partial negation转移否认shift of negation 语序order 自然语序natural order 倒装语序inversion 全部倒装full inversion 部分倒装partial inversion 直接引语direct speech间接引语indirect speech 自由直接引语free direct speech自由间接引语free indirect speech 一致agreement主谓一致subject-predicate agreement 语法一致grammatical agreement概念一致notional agreement 就近原那么principle of proximity 强调emphasis重复repetition 语音pronunciation 语调tone 升调rising tone降调falling tone 降升调falling-rising tone 文体style 正式文体formal非正式文体informal 口语spoken/oral English 套语formulistic expression英国英语British English 美国英语American English 用法usage感情色彩emotional coloring 褒义commendatory 贬义derogatory幽默humorous 挖苦sarcastic 挖苦ironic。
英语中从句翻译法则
1)定语从句翻译法：A)合译法:把定语从句放在被修饰的词语之前，从而将英语复合句翻译成汉语单句。
如:Congress made public a survey of human rights in 105 countries that receive U.S. aid.国会公布了关于接受美国援助的105个国家的人权情况调查报告。
B)分译法:根据定语从句的不同情况，我们可以将其翻译成并列分句、其它从句或独立句等。
如:The strike would prevent the docking of ocean steamships which require assistance of tugboats.罢工会使远洋航船不能靠岸，因为他们需要拖船的帮助。
（翻译成原因状语从句）A geological prospecting engineer who had made a spectral analysis of ores discovered a new open-cut coalmine.一位地质勘探工程师对光谱进行了分析之后,发现了新的露天煤矿。
（翻译为时间状语结构）The delivery of public services has tended to be an area where we decorate an obsolete process with technology.公共服务的提供方式已趋陈旧，这正是我们必须采用技术加以装备的领域。
（翻译为并列分句）2)主语从句翻译法A)以that, what, who, where, whatever等代词引导的主语从句，可以将从句翻译成“的”字结构。
如:Whoever breaks the law will be punished.凡是犯法的人都要受到法律的制裁。
（主语从句与主句合译成简单句，按顺序译出）B)也可以译成“主-谓-宾”结构,从句本身做句子的主语，其余部分按原文顺序译出。
新句子成分分析及翻译
subject）：是执行句子的行为或动作的主体。
The sun rises in the east. （名词）He likes dancing. （代词）Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing. （动名词）To see is to believe. （不定式）What he needs is a book. （主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）predicate）：说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
He likes playing the games.predicative）：系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher. （名词）Five and five is ten. （数词）He is asleep. （形容词）His father is in. （副词）The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词）To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. （不定式）feel（感觉）...It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.1）动作的承受者-----动宾I like China. （名词）He hates you. （代词）How many do you need? We need two. （数词）We should help the old and the poor.I enjoy working with you. （动名词）I hope to see you again. （不定式）Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾3间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）Give the poor man some money.We elected him monitor. （名词）We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. （名）We will make them happy. （形容词）We found nobody in. ( 副词)Please make yourself at home. 介词短语）Don’t let him do that. （省to不定式）His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to不定式）Don’t keep the lights burning. （现在分词）（过去分词）He was elected monitor.She was found singing in the next room.Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词）He is our friend. （代词）We belong to the third world. （数词）He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词）The man over there is my old friend.(副词) The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词)The boys playing football are in Class 2. （现在分词）The trees planted last year are growing well now. （过去分词）I have an idea to do it well. （不定式）（定语从句）v., adj., adv., or 句子。
复合结构
复合结构一．定义结构二．不定式的复合结构三．动名词的复合结构四．独立主格五．复合宾语with的复合结构【大展身手】动名词复合结构：1.______the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.A.The president will attend president to attendpresident attended president’s attending2.The discovery of new evidence led to_____.A.the thief having caught the thief thief being caught thief to be caught3.I can hardly imagine Peter_____across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.A.sail sail have sailed4._____as the most excellent student in her university,as most classmates had expected,made her parents very happy.A.Mary was chosen chosen being chosen ’s being chosen5.I would appreciate____back this afternoon.to call c all calling ’re callingabout the two of us____a walk down the gardentake be takingKeys：1-5 DCCDC 6-10 Bwith复合结构：1.The murder was brought in,with his hands_____behind his back.A.being tied tied be tied2.With a lot of problems_____,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A.settled settle D. Being settled3.I couldn’t do my homework with all the noise_____.A.going on on D. to go onKeys：1-5 DCA复合宾语：1.The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see_____the next year.A.carry out out out carry out2.The missing boy was last seen_____near the East Lake.A,playing playws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents_____.A.worried worry4.You shoul d understand the traffic rule by ’ve had it____often enough.A.explaining explainKeys：1-5 CAAD独立主格：1.I send you 100 dollars today,the rest_____in a year.A.follows follow followed2.With so many eyes_____on him,he was too nervous to speak.A.to fix fixed3._____the light off,we could not go on with the work.A.Until4._____so short a time left before the deadline,I feel it impossible to get the work finished on time.A.WithKeys：1-5 CBCA。
带双宾语,复合宾语,表语的动词
带双宾语、带复合宾语的动词以及带表语的连系动词1.带双宾语的动词：A1). give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb. (给某人某物)2).offer sb sth= offer sth to sb (向某人主动提供某物)3).hand/ pass sb sth = hand / pass sth to sb (递给某人某物)4).tell sb sth =tell sth to sb (告诉某人某事)5).write sb. sth = write sth to sb (给某人写封信)6).show sb sth = show sth. to sb (给某人看某物)7).post sb. Sth. = post sth. to sb. (给某人邮寄某物)8).promise sb. Sth. = promise sth. to sb. (答应某人某事)9).sell sb. Sth. = sell sth. to sb. (卖某物给某人)10).send sb. Sth. = send sth. to sb. (送（寄给）给他一件礼物)11).return sb. Sth. = return sth. to sb. (还给某人某物)12).teach them a song (教某人一首歌)13).read sb. letter = read a letter to sb. (给他读一封信)14).wish sb. good luck.(祝愿某人交好运)15). bring sb. sth. = bring sth. to sb.把某物给某人带来16). lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb.把某物借给某人17). supply sb sth.=supply sth. to sb.给某人提供某物B1).buy sb. Sth. = buy sth. for sb. (给某人买某物)2).draw sb. a picture = draw a picture for sb. (给某人画画)3).make him a cake = make a cake for him (给他们做蛋糕)4).sing him a song = sing a song for him (给他唱首歌)5).provide sb. sth.=provide sth. for sb.给某人提供某物6).build sb a house = build a house for sb (给某人建造房子)Cborrow sb. sth. = borrow sth. from sb.向某人借某物2. 带复合宾语(宾语和宾语补足语)的动词：1).call him Jack.(叫他杰克)2).name Tom Little Monkey(叫汤姆小猴子)3).make him our manager(推选他担任我们的经理)4).make our country rich and strong(使我们的国家富强起来)5).make the children stay at home (使孩子们呆在家里)6).let him do the housework 让他干家务活)7).let the boy in/ out (让那个男孩进来、出去)8).have the machine running (让机器运转)9).have them work day and night(让他们日日夜夜干活)10).keep them waiting for a long time (让他们等很长时间)11).keep the students in their classroom (使学生在教室里)12).keep the room tidy and clean(保持房间整洁)13).find the door open(发现门是开着的)14). find(see/notice /observe/ hear/ feel ) the girl helping her mother do thehousework (发现，看见，注意到，听见，感觉到那个女孩在帮她妈妈干家务活)15) . find(see/notice /observe/ hear/ feel ) his father repair the computer (发现，看见，注意到，听见，感觉到)他的父亲修好了电脑3.带表语的连系动词:1).look happy (显得, 看上去高兴)2).sound nice (听起来优美动听)3).taste terrible (吃起来，尝起来难吃)4).smell good (闻起来香)5).feel lucky(感到幸运)6).keep silent(保持安静)7).stay open(一直开着)8) .go hungry(挨饿)9).seem interesting(似乎有趣)10).The weather remains hot.(天气仍然很热)11). His dream came true.(他梦想成真)12).Our life is getting/ becoming better and better.(我们的生活变得越来越好)13). His face turned red.(他的脸变红了)14). The man grew angry. (那个人生气了)15). His father fell ill yesterday.他的父亲昨天生病了翻译下列短语：1. go bad2. send some Christmas cards to my friend3. wish my sister good luck4. draw a beautiful picture for sb.5. make the children work day and night6. call the girl Lily7. keep them staying at home8. keep the classroom tidy and clean9. look healthy and strong10. feel happy11. write my uncle an English letter12. 似乎很重要13. 吃起来香14. 看上去很生气15. 保持教师安静16.使孩子们呆在房间里17.叫汤姆小老虎18.给他们看一枚戒指19.给我朋友几本杂志单项选择题：( )1. －I am sorry to have kept you _____.－It doesn’t matter.A. waitB. waitedC. waitingD. to wait( ) you like the music the Moonlight Sonata----Yes, it ___really beautiful .A. feelsB. soundsC. listensD. hears( )2. This old man lives ___, but he never feels ___.A. alone; aloneB. lonely; aloneC. lonely; lonelyD. alone; lonely ( )5. Everyone was ___when they heard this ___ news.A. surprised; surprisedB. surprising; surprisingC. surprised; surprisingD. surprising; surprised( )3. —Is Linda good at singing—Yes, she is. We often hear her ___in her room.A. to singB. sangC. singD. sings( )4．Tomorrow's meeting is very important. Please ask them ____ there on time.A. goB. goingC. to goD. went( )5．Mike looks ____ than Paul, but they are of the same age.A. youngestB. the youngestC. youngerD. very young( )’s aunt ___a nurse.A. used to beB. was used to beC. used to be usedD. was used being ( ) wish you ___. A. a happy new year B. make a happy new yearC. will make a happy new yearD. could do a happy new year( ) often helps me ____ the housework.A. to doB. do c. with D. A, B and C冠词练习( ) ___honest boy! And he is best student of all.A．a; a B．an; the C．a; the D．the; the( )2.—Is this ___car —Yes, it’s ___English car.A．a; an B．a; a C．an; an D．an; a( ) is ___new computer. It’s on table in my bedroom.A．a; an B．a; the C．the; the D．an; the( )4.—Let’s play ___football.—That ___good.A．a; sounds B．the ; looks C．/; sound D．an; sound( )5.— Max is really ___honest boy.—Yes. That’s why he is ___most popular student in his class.A．an; a B．a; the C．an; the D．the; /( )6. ___girl called Mary is my best friend and she is ___honest girl.A．A; an B．The; / C．A; / D．The; an( ) Liu is ___unusual teacher．He has written ___useful book for his students. A．an; an B．an; a C．a; a D．a; an( ) thought it was ___enjoyable tour and wanted to keep ___diary about it． A．a; an B．a; / C．an; a( )9.—Do you know ___man on TV— Yes, he is ___ honest person．Now he is planning ____ one-day trip. A．a, an B．an, the, a C．the, a, an D．the, an, a( )10、Yesterday ___ 8-year-old boy fell into the river,____boy was saved by apoliceman.A．an; A B．an; The C．a; the D．a; An( ) like playing ___piano. I also like playing ___football.A．a ,a B．the, the C．the,/ D．/,the( ) is so shy that she is afraid of speaking in ____ public.A．a B．/ C．the D．an( )13.—Do you know ___man on TV— Yes, he is ___honest person. Now he is planning ___ one-day trip.A．a, an, an B．an, the, a C．the, an, a D．the, a, an( ) girl in a red skirt is my friend. She has ___i-pad in her hand.A．A; an B．The; an C．A; the D．The; a( )15.–Linda, have you heard ___song Little Apple–Is it the one Chopsticks Brothers sang last yearMaybe it’s _____most popular song in 2014.A．a; the B．the; the C．a; an D．the; a( )16、There is ___“U” and ___”S” in the word “must”.A．an ; a B．a ; an C．a ; a D．an ; an( )17、Daniel is crazy about ___ DIY. ___ model plane he made looks very nice A．the, the B．a, A C．\ , A D．\ , The( )18、Usually, it’s easier to make___ decision than to take ____ action. A．a; a B．/ ;an C．/ ; / D．a ;/( ) father is a professor in____university in our city.A．不填 B．an C．a D．the( )20、Mr Liu is ____ unusual teacher. He has written ____ useful book for his students.A．an; an B．an; a C．a; a D．a; an( )21、—Look at ___sculpture, Jack! How do you like it—This is ___most wonderful one I have ever seen.A．the; a B．a; the C．the; the D．a; a( )22、I’m good at playing___ football, but Jenny is good at playing__ guitar(吉他).A．a; a B．a; the C．the; the D．/; the( )23、English is ___ useful language and it’s also___ important subj ect. A．an, an B．a, an C．a, a D．an, a( )24. I wanted to be ___actor when I was a child. A．a B．an C．the D．/( ) Li is ___ university student. He often does ___ dishes after supper at homeA．a, a B．an, the C．a, the D．the, the( ) is ___pen. ___ pen is niceA. an, The B．my, The C．a, A D．a An。
leave-复合宾语
【试题精选】 A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending, but the reader must not be left______.(06天津卷) A．unsatisfied B．unsatisfying C．to be unsatisfying D．being unsatisfied 答案：A 2. His remarks left me ______ about his real purpose A.wondered B. wonder C. to wonder D. wondering 3. John rushed out in a hurry, ______ the door _______. A.leaving, unlocked B. leaving, unlocking C. left, unlocked D. to leave, unlocking
“leave+宾语+宾补”的用法
leave + Sb / Sth. + doing / done/ to do / adj / adv /prep
Leave+宾语+宾语补足语， 其中宾语补足这一成分可以由 过去分词、现在分词、形容词、 副词、介词的复合结构等来充当， 分述如下：
1.由过去分词来充当宾语补足语：leave sth/sb done， 常用来表示宾语所处的状态或表示动作已经完成。
3.由形容词来充当宾语补足语： (1)You’d better leave the drawing-room door open. (2)His illness has left him weak.
△可用于被动语态： The window was left open.
复合宾语--及物动词之后的复合宾语
复合宾语－－及物动词之后的复合宾语复合宾语是由宾语加宾语补足语所构成，位于及物动词和介词(with, without, like)之后。
可以作宾语补足语的一般有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词（短语）、过去分词（短语）和动词不定式（短语）。
宾语和宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主语和表语关系、主语和谓语关系。
一、逻辑上的主语和表语关系例如：1. We call him Mr. Wang. 我们喊他王先生。
（名词）(He is Mr. Wang.)They made me monitor. 他们选我当班长。
（名词）(I am monitor.)2. We will build our school more beautiful. 我们要把我们的学校建设得更美丽。
（形容词）(Our school will be more beautiful.)His not passing the exam made his mother angry. 他没有考及格使他母亲非常生气。
（形容词）(His mother was angry.)3. Who took my bag away by mistake?是谁误拿我的书包了？（副词）(My bag was away.)Please let him out. 请让他出去。
（副词）(He will be out.)4. After class, Mr. Li kept her in the classroom. 下课以后，李老师把他留在教室里。
（介词短语）(She was in the classroom.)二、逻辑的主语和谓语关系例如：5. Why did you keep me waiting for a year? 你为什么让我等了一年？（现在分词短语）(I was waiting for a year.)Can you hear Mary singing English songs in the next room? 你能听见玛丽在隔壁唱歌吗？（现在分词短语）(Mary was singing in the next room.)6. When you speak, you should make yourselves understood. 你说话的时候要让人明白。
复合宾语详解
We won’t let her go out at night. 14、他每个月理一次发。
H20e21/h7/1a2 s his hair cut once a month.
翻译练习： 15、我要请人把我的录音机修理一下。
3、既能用现在分词又可用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有： see, watch, notice, look at, observe, listen to, hear, feel, have, imagine, disco2v02e1/r7/,12like, want, understand, hate, get, set, leave等。
注意：在这种结构中，宾语补足语通常为名词或形容词；常用 于这种结构的动词有：
feel, find, think, make, take, judge, consider 等Alice。
We call her Alice. 2、他的父母给他取名为John。
The guards ordered us to leave at once. 10、明天我要找人来修理机器。
Tomorrow I’ll have someone repair the machine. 11、每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。
Every morning we hear him read English aloud. 12、痛苦使得他叫喊起来。
I’ll get my recorder mended. 16、她正在听人家讲故事。
She is listening to someone telling stories. 17、我从来没看见这个字这样用过。
英语语法术语及翻译
英语语法术语及翻译morphology 词法notional 实词r o t 词根synonym 同义词derivation 派生法compound 复合词pr o no un代词verb 动词preposition 介词particle 引导词common noun 普通名词词material noun 物质名词form word 虚词word-building 构词法prefix 前缀suffix 后缀antonym 反义词conversion 转化法affixation 词缀法c omposition 合成法parts of speech 词类noun 名词numeral 数词adjective 形容词adverb 副词article冠词conjunction 连词interjection 感叹词classification of nouns 名词的分类proper noun 专有名词collective noun 集合名abstract noun 抽象名词countable noun 可数名词personal pronoun 人称代词possessive pronoun 物主代词reflexive pronoun 反身代词interrogative p r o n o un疑问代demonstrative pronoun 指示代词词relative pronoun 关系代词indefinite pronoun 不定代词reciprocal pronoun 相互代词 case 格nominative case 主格objective case 宾格possessive case 所有格singular form 单数形式plural form 复数形式cardinal numeral 基数词ordinal numeral 序数词fraction numeral 分数数词degrees of comparison 比较级positive degree 原级comparative degree 比较级superlative degree 最高级notional verb 实义动词 modal verb 情态动词link verb 连系动词auxiliary verb 助动词transitive verb 及物动词intransitive verb 不及物动词 regular verb 规则动词irregular verb 不规则动词 finite verb 限定动词non-finite verb 非限定动词person 人称number 数gender 性tense 时态voice 语态mood 语气principal forms o f verbs 动词的主要形式present form 现在形式past form 过去形式participle 分词present participle 现在分词past participle 过去分词infinitive 不定式gerund 动名词verbal noun 动名词simple present tense 一般现在时simple past tense 一般过去时simple future tense 一般将来时present continuous tense 现在进行时past continuous tense 过去进行时future continuous tense 将来进行时past perfect tense 过去完成时future perfect tense 将来完成时present perfect continuous tense 现在完成进行时future perfect continuous tense 将来完成进行时sequence of tenses 时态的呼应passive voice 被动语态active voice 主动语态indicative mood 陈述语气imperative mood 祈使语气subjunctive mood 虚拟语气adverb of time 时间副词adverb of place 地点副词adverb of manner 方式副词adverb o f degr e 程度副词adverb of frequency 频度副词conjunctive adverb 连接副词definite article定冠词indefinite article不定冠词coordinating conjunction 并列连词subordinating conjunction 从属连词syntax 句法declarative sentence 陈述句imperative sentence 祈使句exclamatory sentence 感叹句interrogative sentence 疑问句general question 一般疑问句special question 特殊疑问句alternative question 选择疑问句disjunctive question 反意疑问句simple sentence 简单句compound sentence 并列句complex sentence 复合句compound complex sentence并列复合句elliptical sentence省略句elements of the sentence 句子成分subject 主语predicate 谓语predicative 表语attribute 定语adverbial 状语modifier状语appositive 同位语independent element 独立成分limiting attribute 限定性定语descriptive attribute 描绘性定语simple predicate 简单谓语compound predicate 复合谓语direct object 直接宾语indirect object 间接宾语complex object 复合宾语cognate object 同源宾语direct address 呼语parenthesis 插入语appended element 附加成分inserted element 插入成分direct speech 直接引语indirect speech 间接引语absolute construction 独立结构phrase 短语participial phrase 分词短语prepositional phrase 介词短语infinitive phrase 不定式短语verb phrase 动词短语clause 从句main clause 主句subordinate clause 从句subject clause 主语从句object clause 宾语从句predicative clause 表语从句attributive clause 定语从句appositive clause 同位语从句adverbial clause 状语从句restrictive attributive clause 限制性定语从句non-restrictive attributive clause 非限制性定语从句natural word-order 自然语序inverted word-order 倒装语序inversion 倒装ellipsis 省略transformation of sentence 句型的转换 analysis of sentence 句子分析punctuation marks 标点符号period 句号full stop 句号question mark 问号exclamation mark 感叹号comma 逗号semicolon 分号colon 冒号dash 破折号hyphen 连字号quotation marks 引号parenthesis 括号apostrophe 撇号（所有号，重音号，省字号）。
with+宾语+宾语补足语there-be句型
with+宾语+宾语补足语/there be句型英语中“with+宾语+宾补”(with+复合宾语)结构主要有六种表现形式：1．with+名词/代词+形容词(词组)He looked at Alice，with his eyes full of doubt. 他充满疑惑地看着爱丽丝。
2．with+名词/代词+副词(词组)She went out with her coat on. 她穿着大衣出去了。
3．with+名词/代词+介词(词组)We used to work in a town with rivers around it. 我们以前在一个小镇工作，小镇四面环水。
4．with+名词/代词+ing分词(词组)With so many people helping me，I succeeded at last. 由于得到许多人的帮助，最终我成功了。
5．with+名词/代词+ed分词(词组)With the job finished，we went to China for a holiday. 那项工作做完以后，我们就去中国度假了。
6．with+名词/代词+不定式(词组)With these people to help her，she tried to write a paper. 有这些人的帮忙，她试着写一篇论文。
[提醒]这种复合结构多作状语。
当宾补是现在分词时，表动作正在进行，过去分词表示被动动作，不定式表示将来动作，介词、副词、形容词表示一种状态。
练习：1．用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空(1)I couldn't do my homework with all that noise ______(go) on.(2)With much work ________ (do)，he had no time to play.(3)It was a pity that the great writer died with his work________ (finish)．(4)I send you 100 dollars today，with the rest ______(follow) in a year.(5)With the sun ________ (set) down，we all went home.(6)The lorry with apples ________ (load) on belongs to me.(7)With all the factors ________(consider)，this project is a good one.2．用“with＋复合宾语”结构完成句子(1)因为你站在这里，所以我无法集中思想学习。
从句翻译
第六章英语从句的译法（教学安排：4课时）第一节英语定语从句的译法英语和汉语分属两种不同的语系，其差别很大，翻译起来有诸多困难，英语定语从句的汉译便是困难之一。
由于定语从句在英语中应用十分广泛，往往置于所修饰的名词之后，而且还可以继续延长，环环相扣，语法关系十分复杂，因此，我们必须想办法、找方法、寻规律，从而很好地解决它。
一、限制性定语从句限制性定语从句对所修饰的先行项起限制作用，在意义上与先行项密切不可分。
如被省去，主句的意思就含糊不清，甚至变得毫无意义。
关系词和先行项之间一般不用逗号分隔。
（一）前置法：定语词组前置法一般用于翻译比较简单的英语定语从句。
汉语多使用简单的前置修饰语，很少使用很长的定语从句。
翻译较短的定语从句，常常是将关系词省去，在句未加“的”字，放在被修饰项之前，从而将复合句译成汉语单句。
当然，也可视其情况不用“的”字，如例1。
这种译法用得普遍，尤其适用于译简短的定语从句。
例1原文：I have but one lamp by which my feet are guided.译文：例2原文：The people who worked for him lived in mortal fear of him.译文：例3原文：In recent years, however, people have begun to become aware that cities are also areas where there is a concentration of problems.译文：例4原文：Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals and soldiers, whereas the people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned at all.译文：（二）后置法：并列从句如果从句结构复杂，译成汉语前置定语显得太长而不符合汉语表达习惯时，往往可以译成后置的并列分句。
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4They pushed the door open.
5They have set the thief free.
6We will make our school more beautiful.
7He asked us to join in the game.
6我们要使学校变得更美丽。
7他请我们参加做游戏。
8我要你把真相告诉我。
9卫兵命令我们立即离开。
10明天我要找人来修理机器。
11每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。
12痛苦使得他叫喊起来。
Байду номын сангаас
11Every morning we hear him read English aloud.
12The pain made him cry out.
13We won’t let her go out at night.
14He has his hair cut once a month.
begins.
24I thought it no use talking with that man.
19我从来没看见这个字这样用过。
20他感到很难跟你交谈。
21我想乘船去那里更舒服些。
22我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。
23学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。
24我认为与那个人谈话是无益的。
21I think it more comfortable to go there by ship.
22I consider it possible to work out the problem in another way.
23The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class
18he boys were watching the soldiers drilling.
19I have never seen the word used that way before.
20He felt it very difficult to talk with you.
复合宾语结构 （主语 ＋ 宾补动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补语 ）
1We call her Alice.
2His parents named him John.
3All of us considered him honest.
8I want you to tell me the truth.
9The guards ordered us to leave at once.
10Tomorrow I’ll have someone repair the machine.
15I’ll get my recorder mended.
16The terrible sound made the children
frightened.
17She is listening to someone telling stories.
复合宾语结构 （主语 ＋动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语 ）
1我们叫她Alice.
2他的父母给他取名为John.
3我们大家都认为他是诚实的。
4他们把门推开了。
5他们把小偷释放了。
13我们不会让她在晚上外出的。
14他每个月理一次发。
15我要请人把我的录音机修理一下。
16那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了
17她正在听人家讲故事。
18男孩子们都在看士兵们操练。