英语五种基本句型

英语的五种基本句型
1. Subject (主语) ＋Verb (谓语)
这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，这些动词常见的有：appear, apologize,arrive, come, die, disappear, exist, fall, happen, rise,等等。

如：
The students work very hard.学生们学习很努力。

She apologized to me again. 她再次向我道歉。

The accident happened yesterday evening.事故是昨天晚上发生的。

2. Subject (主语) ＋Link. V(系动词) ＋Predicate(表语)
这种句型中的系动词一般可分为下列两类：
(1)表示状态的连系动词。

这些词有：be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain, 等等。

如：
Several players lay flat on the playground.几个队员平躺在操场上。

We should remain modest and prudent any time.我们在任何时候都应该保持谦虚谨慎。

This kind of food tastes terrible.这种食物吃起来很糟糕。

The picture looks more beautiful at a certain distance.这幅画在一定的距离看更漂亮一些。

(2)表示转变或结果的系动词。

这些词有：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,等等。

如：
Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。

Don't have the food. It has gone bad.不要吃那种食物，已经变质了。

The facts prove true.事实证明是正确的。

3. Subject(主语) ＋Verb (谓语) ＋Object (宾语)
这种句型中的动词应为及物动词或者可以后接宾语的动词短语。

同时，句子中有时含有与宾语有关的状语。

作宾语的成分常是：名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句。

如：
You can put the books in your bag.你可以把书放在书包里。

Farmers in our area grow lots of vegetables.我们这里的农民种很多种蔬菜。

She lost the chance to make her appearance on the stage.她失去了在舞台上露面的机会。

I prefer to make web pages.我更喜欢做网页。

4. Subject(主语)＋Verb(谓语)＋Indirect object(间接宾语)＋Direct object (直接宾语)
这种句型中作间接宾语的常常指“人”，直接宾语常常指“物”。

如：
Yesterday her father bought her a bicycle as a birthday present.昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。

The old man is telling the children stories in the Long March.老人正在给孩子们讲长征中的故事。

这种句型还可转换为其他两种句型：1)动词＋宾语＋for sb.；2)动词＋宾语＋to sb.。

如：
Please show me your picture.
－Please show your picture to me.
请把你的画给我看一下。

I'll offer you a good chance as long as you don?t lose heart.
—I'll offer a good chance for you as long as you don't lose heart.
只要你不失去信心，我会给你提供机会的。

5. Subject(主语)＋Verb (动词)＋Object (宾语)＋Complement(补语)
这种句型中的宾语＋补语可统称为“复合宾语”。

担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。

如：
Keep the children quiet, please. 请让孩子们安静下来。

He painted the wall white. 他把墙漆成白色。

We found him an honest person.我们发现他是一个诚实的人。

His mother told him not to play on the street.他母亲告诉他不要在街上玩。

注意：动词have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, observe, watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，不带to。

如：
The boss made him do the work all day.老板让他整天做那项工作。

英语5种基本句型各50句
1.S(主）+ Vi（不及物动词）（谓）
Time flies.
1) S + V + adverbial(状语）
Birds sing beautifully.
2) S + Vi+ prep Phrase（介词短语）
He went on holiday.
3) S + Vi+ Infinitive (不定式）
We stopped to have a rest.
4) S + Vi+ Participle (分词）
I'll go swimming.
2. S (主）+ Vt （及物动词）（谓）+ O（宾）
We like English.
1) S + VT + N/Pron
I like music.
I like her.
2) S + VT + infinitive(不定式）
I want to help him.
常用于这句型的动词有：attempt, dare, decide, desire, expect, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise, propose, purpose, refuse, want, wish等。

3) S + VT + Wh-Word + Infinitive
I don't know what to do.
常用于这句型的动词有：ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, guess, inquire, know, learn, observe, remember, see, settle, tell, think, understand, wonder等。

4) S + VT + Gerund
I enjoy living here.
常用于这句型的动词有：admit, advise, avoid, consider, defend, enjoy, excuse, finish, forbid, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest, give up, can't help等。

5) S + VT + That-clause
I don't think (that) he is right.
常用于这句型的动词有：Admit, believe, command, confess, declare, demand, deny, doubt, expect, explain, feel(觉得）, hear（听说）, hope, imagine, intend, know, mean, mind（当心）, notice, propose, request, report, say, see（看出），show, suggest, suppose, think, understand, wish, wonder(觉得奇怪）。

3. S (主）+ V（谓）（lv)( 系动词）+ P（表）
We are Chinese.
除了be 系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词，1)表感官的动词，feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。

2) 表转变变化的动词，become, get, grow, turn, go,等。

3)表延续的动词remain, keep, seem, hold, stay, rest等。

4)表瞬时的动词come, fall, set, cut, occur等5)其他动词eat, lie, prove, ring, run, shine, sit, stand, continue, hang等。

1) S + Lv + N/Pron(名词/代词）
He is a boy.
This is mine.
2) S + Lv + Adj（形容词）
She is beautiful.
3) S + Lv + Adv (副词）
Class is over.
4) S + Lv + Prep Phrase
He is in good health.
5) S + Lv + Participle(分词）
He is excited.
The film is interesting.
4. S (主）+ VT （谓）+ In O（间接宾）+ D O（直接宾）
I give you help.
1) S + VT + N/Pron + N
I sent him a book.
I bought May a book.
2) S + VT + N/Pron + To/for-phrase
He sent a book to me.
He bought a coat for me.
间接宾语前需要加to 的常用动词有：allow, bring, deny, do(带来），give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, render, restore, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write等。

间接宾语前需要加for 的常用动词有：bring, buy, cash, choose, fetch, get, leave, make, order, paint, play(演奏），save, sing, spare等。

5. S (主）+ VT（谓）+ O（宾）+ O C（宾补）
I make you clear.
1) S + VT + N/Pron + N
We named our baby Tom.
常用于这句型的动词有：appoint, call, choose, elect, entitle, find, make, name, nominate(命名）。

2) S + VT + N/Pron + Adj
He painted the wall white.
常用于这句型的动词有：beat, boil, cut, drive, find, get, hold, keep, leave, like, make, paint, see, set, turn, want, wash, wipe, wish等。

3) S + VT + N/Pron + Prep Phrase
She always keeps everything in good order.
4) S + VT + N/Pron + Infinitive
I wish you to stay.
I made him work
常用于这句型的动词有：a)不定式带to的词：advice, allow, ask, beg, cause, choose, command, decide, encourage, expect, force, get, hate, invite, know, leave, like, love, order, permit, persuade, prefer, remain, request, teach, tell, want, warn, wish等。

b)不定式不带to的词：feel, have, hear, know, let, listen to, look at, make, notice, see, watch等。

5) S + VT + N/Pron + Participle (分词）
I heard my name called.
I feel something moving.
常用于这句型的动词有：catch, feel, find, get, have, hear, imagine, keep, leave, listen to, look at, notice, observe, perceive, see, set, smell, start, watch等。

6) S + VT + N/Pron + Wh-word + Infinitive
He show me how to do it.
常用于这句型的动词有：advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell等。

7) S + VT + N/Pron + That-clause
He told me that the film was great.
常用于这句型的动词有：assure, inform, promise, remind, teach, tell, warm等。

8) S + VT + N/Pron + Wh-Clause
He asked me what he should do.
常用于这句型的动词有：Advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell.
基本句型翻译练习 (part 1)
基本句型翻译练习
基本句型一: 主+系+表
1. 当时他看起来不高兴。

2. 我喜欢的运动是游泳和滑冰。

3. 我擅长英语。

4. 收到你的来信我很高兴。

5. 在公路对面有一栋新教学楼。

6. 图书馆里有各种各样的书籍、报纸和杂志。

7. 那是在2000年2月8日早上7:15.
8. 天变得越来越黑。

9. 这食物吃起来挺可口的。

10. 这故事听起来很有趣。

Key:
1. He looked unhappy at that time.
2. My favourite sports are swimming and skating.
3. I am very good at English.
4. I was so pleased to hear from you.
5. On the other side of the road there is a new classroom/teaching building.
6. In the library there are all kinds of books, newspapers and magazines.
7. It was 7:15 on the morning of February 8, 2000.
8. It is getting darker and darker.
9. The food tastes delicious.
10. The story sounds very interesting.
基本句型二: 主+谓(不及物动词)
1. 1984年至1990年我在光明小学学习。

2. 今天上午，我们在校门口会面然后一起去那里。

3. 时间很快过去了。

4. 这几年我们家乡发生了巨大的变化。

5. 小车没有停而是快速的开走了。

6. 在过去的10年间它的经济发展迅速。

7. 那个年轻人重重地摔倒在地。

8. 过去他早上习惯于早起。

Key:
1. I studied in from 1984 to 1990.
2. This morning we met at the school gate and went there together.
3. The time passed quickly.
4. Great changes have taken place in our hometown these years.
5. The car didn't stop but drove off at great speed.
6. Its economy has developed rapidly in the past ten years.
7. The young man fell down on the ground hard.
8. He used to get up early in the morning.
基本句型三: 主+谓(及物)+宾
1. 去年在学校电脑竞赛中我获得了一等奖。

2. 在业余时间我喜欢听流行音乐和收集邮票。

3.几天前我和我兄弟骑自行车去看电影。

4. 我们也在校园内和周围种上了许多树。

5. 晚上时，我可以看电视新闻或看报纸。

6. 在回家的路上他把钱给丢了。

7. 昨晚大约九点的时候，我正在做作业。

8. 才艺展示（Talent Show）将于6月18日在北京电视台举行。

9. 下午，我将带你们转转，看一看一些名胜。

10. 盼望能尽早见到你。

Key:
1. Last year I won first prize in the school computer competition.
2. In my spare time I enjoy listening to popular music and collecting stamps.
3. The other day my brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle.
4. We also planted a lot of trees in and around the school.
5. In the evenings I can watch news on TV or read newspapers.
6. He lost the money on his way home.
7. About 9 o'clock last night, I was doing my homework.
8. Talent Show will be held in Beijing Television Station on July 18.
9. In the afternoon, I’ll sho w you around and take you to some places of interest.
10. I’m looking forward to meeting you soon.
基本句型翻译练习 (part 2)
基本句型四: 主+谓(及物)+双宾（间宾+直宾）
1. 去年王老师教我们英语。

2. 明天我要给他写封信，告诉他这个好消息。

3. 他们给他提供了一份工作，但他拒绝了。

4. 在我14岁生日时，爸爸给我买了一辆新自行车。

5. 昨晚我花了两小时才完成作业。

6. 对不起，能问你一个问题吗？
Key:
1. Mr Wang taught us English last year.
2. Tomorrow I’ll write him a letter and tell him the good news.
3. They offered him a job, but he turned it down.
4. On my 14th birthday, Father bought me a new bike.
5. It took me two hours to finish my homework last night.
6. Excuse me, can I ask you a question?
基本句型五: 主+谓(及物)+复合宾语（宾+宾补）
1. 当时我看到那些孩子在河边玩。

2. 我们正在使我们的国家变得越来越美丽。

3. 当我到达教室时，我发现里边没有人。

4. 昨天下午在公交车上我的钱包让人给偷了。

5. 我注意到凯特整个早上都在图书馆里看书。

6. 父亲叫我给他带些报纸来。

Key:
1. I saw the kids/children playing by the river at that time.
2. We are making our country more and more beautiful.
3. When I got to the classroom, I found nobody in.
4. I had my wallet stolen on a bus yesterday afternoon.
5. I noticed Kate reading in the library all the morning.
6. Father asked/got me to bring him some newspapers.
基本句型翻译综合练习：
1. 那噪音太响，我无法继续学习。

2. 得知你9月份要来我很高兴。

3. 人们需要一个可以休息和玩乐的地方。

4. 当那个人在过马路时，小车撞了他。

5. 我已答应明天下午3：30到机场接他。

6. 听了我说的话，我的邻居向我道歉并马上把电视音量关小。

7. 他是一个很有学问的人我们都很欣赏他。

8. 在过去，人们主要通过写信、打公共电话来彼此保持联系。

9. 我宁愿呆在家里，因为我可以做我想做的，比如：读书、看电视、帮助父母做家务。

10. 我们应该把中国文化和历史介绍给外国人，以便他们能更多的了解中国。

11. 为了改善北京交通，政府应鼓励更多人使用公共交通或自行车。

12. 以我的观点来看，考试作弊是错的，因为它违反了学校规章。

13. 我们学生应该诚实，尽力通过努力学习而不是考试作弊来获得好成绩。

14. 有个老人静静地坐在附近的一个板凳上。

Key:
1. The noise was so loud that I couldn't go on studying.
2. I’m so glad to learn that you’re coming in September.
3. People need a place where they can rest and enjoy themselves.
4. The car hit the man while he was crossing the road.
5. I have promised to meet him at the airport at 3:30 tomorrow afternoon.
6. After hearing what I said, my neighbor apologized to me and turned down the TV immediately.
7. He is such a learned person that we all admire hem very much.
8. In the past, people kept in touch with each other mainly by writing letters or using the public telephone.
9. I prefer to stay at home, for I can do what I like, such as reading books, watching TV, and helping my parents with the housework.
10. We should introduce the Chinese culture and history to foreigners so that they may know better.
11. To improve the traffic in , the government should encourage more people to use public transport and bicycles.
12. In my opinion, it is wrong to cheat in examinations because it breaks the rules of schools.
13. We students should be honest and try to get good results by studying hard instead of cheating in examinations.
14. There was an old man sitting quietly on a bench nearby.
英语基本句型
一、英语基本句型-1主系表结构/S (主）+ V（谓）（lv)( 系动词）+ P（表）本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成，主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。

系动词有:
1.表示特征和存在状态的：be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound;
2.表示状态延续的：remain, stay, keep, continue, stand;
3.表示状态变化的：become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow;
如：Our English teacher is thirty years old.
The cake tastes delicious.
We feel used to living in big cities.
The potatoes went bad in the fields.
Their boss seems satisfied with the work.
Deep water stays still.
巩固练习1：
1．冬季白天短，夜晚长
2．十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。

3．孩子们很少保持安静。

4．她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。

5．他失业了。

二、英语基本句型-2主谓结构/S(主）+ Vi（不及物动词）（谓）
本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成, 常用来表示主语的动作。

如：The sun rises. Tom has already left.
主语可有修饰语-定语，谓语可有修饰语-状语。

如：1. The red sun rises in the east.
2. So they had to travel by air or boat.
3.We got up early so as to catch the first bus.
4. She sat there alone, reading a novel.
5. He came back when we were eating.
6.Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may stay up. 巩固练习2：
1．她昨天回家很晚。

2．会议将持续两个小时。

3．在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大
4．1919年，在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。

5．每天八时开始上课。

三、英语基本句型-3主谓宾结构/S (主）+ Vt （及物动词）（谓）+ O（宾）
本结构是由主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语构成。

宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。

如：1. Tom made a hole in the wall.
2. I don’t know if he can come tomorrow.
3. They haven’t decided where to go next.
4. She stopped teaching English two years ago.
5. It took them ten years to build the dam.
7. Mother promises to give me a present.
巩固练习3：
1．昨晚我写了一封信。

2．今天下午我想同你谈谈。

3．这本书他读过多次了。

4．他们成功地完成了计划。

5．那位先生能流利地说三种语言。

四、英语基本句型4
双宾语结构/S (主)+VT（谓）+ InO（间接宾）+ DO（直接宾）
说明：此结构由“主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）”组成。

如：He brings me cookies every day.
但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for。

如：He brings cookies to me every day.
She made a beautiful dress for me.
用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。

用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。

常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等；
（需借助for 的）buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。

巩固练习4：
1．Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。

2．奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。

3．请把那本字典递给我好吗？
4．他把车票给列车员看。

5．我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？
五、英语基本句型5 复合宾语结构/S (主）+ VT（谓）+ O（宾）+ O C（宾补）
说明: 此结构由“主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语”构成。

宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。

可以用做宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。

如：The sun keeps us warm.
I heard him singing.
You must get your hair cut.
They made Tom monitor.
He used to do his homework with his radio on.
用it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。

即：主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。

如：I found it very pleasant to be with you r family.
巩固练习5：
1．我们叫她Alice.
2．我们大家都认为他是诚实的。

3．他们把小偷释放了。

4．我要你把真相告诉我。

5 .卫兵命令我们立即离开。

六、英语基本句型6 There be 句型
说明：此句型是由“there+be+主语+状语”构成，用以表达存在关系可以称“……有……”。

它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词be 之后，there 仅为引导词，并无实际语意。

此句型有时不用be动词，而用live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive 等。

如：There stands a hill in the middle of the park.
Once upon a time there lived an old king in the town.
Be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。

如：
现在有there is/are …
过去有there was/were…
将来有there will be…；there is /are going to be...
现在已经有there has/have been…
可能有there might be...
肯定有there must be …/there must have been...
过去曾经有there used to be …
似乎有there seems/seem/seemed to be …
碰巧有there happen/happens/happened to be …
巩固练习6：
1．这个村子过去只有一口井。

2．客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。

3．天气预报说下午有大风。

4．灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。

5．战前这儿一直有家电影院的.
课文句子翻译练习：
1. 他们正在面对面地交谈。

(face)
____________________________________________________________.
2. 根据约翰说的, 下周将有一次会议。

(according)
____________________________________________________________.
3. 他早起为了赶头班车。

(in order to)
_____________________________________________________________.
4. 你和你的同学相处得怎么样? (get along with)
_____________________________________________________________.
5. 我们对他的安全都很关切。

(concern)
_____________________________________________________________.
6. 你是否需要一个你可以无话不谈的朋友?
___________________________________________________________. 7. 你近况如何?
_______________________________________________________.
8. 我们成为好朋友已十年了。

_____________________________________________________________.
9. 我还没来得及回答他的第一个问题, 他又问了一个问题。

____________________________________________________________.
10. 我像大部分人那样记日记。

___________________________________________________________.
英语基本句型练习答案
巩固练习答案1：1．In winter, the days are short and the nights are long. 2．At the age of fifteen, he became a famous pianist.
3．Children seldom keep quiet.
4．Her job is to look after the children in the nursery.
5．He is out of work.
巩固练习答案2：1. She went home very late yesterday evening.
2. The meeting will last two hours.
3. Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.
4. The May Fourth Movement broke out
in Beijing in 1919.
5. Classes begin at eight every day.
巩固练习答案3：1. I wrote a letter last night.
2. I want to talk with you this afternoon.
3. He has read this book many times.
4. They have carried out the plan successfully.
5. That gentleman can speak three languages fluently.
巩固练习答案4：1.Mr Johnson taught us German last year.
2.Grandma told me an interesting story last night.
3.Would you please pass me the dictionary?
4.He showed the ticket to the conductor.
5.Shall I call you a taxi?
巩固练习答案5：
1.We call her Alice.
2.All of us considered him honest.
3.They have set the thief free.
4.I want you to tell me the truth.
5.The guards ordered us to leave at once.
巩固练习答案6：1.There was only a well in the village.
2.Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen.
3.The weatherman says there’ll be a strong wind in the afternoon.
4.The light is on. There must be someone ion the office.
5.There used to be a cinema here before the war.
课文句子翻译练习答案：1. They are talking face to face./ They are having a face-to face talk.
2. According to John, there is going to be a meeting next week.
3. He got up early in order to catch the first bus.
4. How are you getting along with your classmates?
5. We are all concerned about his safety.
6. Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to?
7. How are you getting along / on recently?
8. We have been good friends for ten years.
9. He asked a second question before I could answer the first one.
10. I keep a diary as most people do.。