五种基本句型

简单句的五种基本句型
• 1.主语+系动词+表语（svp）
• 常见的系动词有：be（是）,become（变成）,look（看上 去）,seem（看起来）,appear（显得）,get,feel（摸起 来）,grow（变的）,turn（变成）,remain(仍然是)， come(变的)，hold(保持)，keep(保持)，stay(保 持),smell(闻起来)，sound(听起来)，taste(尝起来)。 • 1.The machine is in good condition. • 2.The garden smells pleasant. • 3.Our English teacher is thirty years old. • 4.The cake tastes delicious. • 5.The potatoes went bad in the field.
5.主语+动词+宾语+宾补（svoc）
该句型概括了这样一种情况：有些及物动词的后面 有时带复合宾语结构（即宾语+宾补），常带复合结 构的及物动词有： elect,feel,find,get,have,hear,imagine,keep,make,n otice,see,let,smell,start,watch,apponit,,believe,call, allow,ask ,cause,consider,expect,know,tell etc. • We elected him our monitor. • The president appointed John manager of Marketing. • The news made me happy. • She kept the door open. • They named their daughter Mary.
• 宾语：表示动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词 或相当于名词的词或短语来充当，与及物动词 一起说明主语在做什么。
• For example:
• • • • •
1.He is playing soccer. 2.Can I ask some question? 3.We elected him our monitor. 4.I wrote a letter yesterday. 5.They have carried out the plan successfully.
表语：说明主语“是什么或怎么样”，由名词、形容词、 非谓语动词、介词短语、从句来充当，和系动词一起构成 谓语。 常见的系动词有：be,become（变成）,look（看上 去）,seem（看起来）,appear（显得）,get,feel（摸起 来）,grow（变的）,turn（成）,remain(仍然是)，come(变 的)，hold(保持)，keep(保持)，stay(保持),smell(闻起来)， sound(听起来)，taste(尝起来)。
• 2.主语+动词（SV） • 这一句型中的谓语动词是不及物动词，没 有宾语，但常带有状语。 • 1.The water is boiling. • 2.The train will leave soon. • 3.The red sun rises in the east. • 4.Lucy gets up early everyday. • 5.His parents have worked in the company for ten years.
4.主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
（SVOO）这一句型中常见的谓语动词 有:give,bring,tell,send,leave,pass, read ,write,take,show,teach,get,award,lend, rent,buy,pay,hand etc.
• She brought me a shirt. • Pass him the dictionary. • Grandma told me an interesting story last night. • Mr. Wang taught us English last year.
• 宾语补足语：用来补足宾语意义，一般放在宾 语之后，可以充当宾补的有：形容词、副词、 名词、动名词、介词短语、不定式、V-ing形 式和V-ed形式。
• For example:
• • • • •
I found the book very interesting. My mother wants me to drink it. She kept the door open. They named their daughter Mary. They invited me to speak at the meeting.
2.谓语: 说明主语“做什么，是什么或怎么做”，一 般由动词或动词词组来充当。需要注意动词的时态和 语态。主语和谓语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一 致。
• For example:
• • • •
1.He has a toothache. 2.His parents teach math. 3.I wrote a letter yesterday. 4.He has read the book many times.
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3.主语+动词+宾语（SVO） 该句中的动词是及物动词，必须有 自己的宾语，否则会视为句子不完 整。
• • • • • 1.He has a sister. 2.They wanted to have a rest. 3.He put the dictionary in the backpack. 4.She stopped teaching English two years ago. 5.They haven’t decided when and where to hold the meeting.
• 定语：用来修饰名词或代词。做定语的除了形 容词外，还有代词、数词、名词、介词短语或 相当于形容词的词或短语来充当。
• For example:
• • • • •
1.Peel three bananas. 2.What is your name? 3.She is a good basketball player. 4.What a beautiful Chinese painting. 5.The teacher asked me a question too difficult to answer.
• • • •
1.Her mother is a bank clerk. 2.We were at home last night. The garden smells pleasant. It gets colder and colder.
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• • • •
The cake tastes delicious. They seemed very happy together. The leaves turned yellow. Her job is to take care of the children.
英语的句子成分
组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分，即 主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、 定语、状语、同位语。主语和谓语是句子 的主体部分。
1.主语: 表示句子所说的“什么事， 什么人”一般由名词、代词或相当 于名词的词（动名词）或短语来充 当。
• For example:
• • • •
1.I am your teacher. 2.You are my students. 3.Swimming is good for your health. 4.The meeting will last for 3 hours.
• 状语：用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，一般表示 行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意 义，通常由副词、介词短语或相当于副词的词或 短语来充当。
• For example:
• • • •
1.Iike it very much. 2.People are all working hard. 3.HongKong is not very cold in winter. 4.He returned home,safe and sound. 5.Fortunately,he was not drowned and saved by the PLA. 6.He is dead drunk.