句子的五种基本句型结构

五种句子类型
S
V Vt Vi
Subject
Verb Transitive verb Intransitive verb
主语
谓语动词 及物动词 不及物动词
lv
O
Linking verb
Object
连系动词
宾语
P
Predicative
表语
Birdwatching
1.A golden eagle is flying.
DO OC
就是是否存在
逻辑上的主系表关系
the man
is
David
此处为 名词宾补
S + V + DO + OC 主 +谓 + 宾+宾补句型 简称 主谓宾补
1 仅仅使用主谓宾无法说明完整句意 必须添加补足语补充说明宾语情况 判断标准是在DO和OC中间可否加be动词
可接 名词宾补的动词有call/make/name/find…
S + V + DO + OC 主谓宾补结构 和 S + V + IO + DO 主谓双宾结构
O Object Indirect object Direct object 宾语 间接宾语 直接宾语
IO
DO
OC
Object complement 宾语补足语
David
We call the man
S V DO
2 只有形容词名词介词短语才能去做系动词后面的 表语，要根据含义上确定动词是不是系动词。
区分进行时态和SVP中lv是Be动词的情况
1. She often laughs.
(S + V) 2. She is laughing now. 现在进行时 (S + V) 谓语(V)具有各种不同时态 3. She will laugh soon. 一般将来时 (S + V)
一般现在时
4. She is singing happily. 5. She is singing a song.
Happily adv修Байду номын сангаас动词sing vi
(S + V)
A song 是名词做宾语 sing (S vt + V+O) a singer 名词表语 happy 形容词表语
6. She is a singer.She is happy. (S + V+P) 注意: 1 现在进行时的谓语与主系表结构有区别:
→1. S + V(lv) + P 主语+ 谓语(系动词) + 表语 主系表结构 I like the golden eagle.
S
It has a hooked beak.
S V DO
V
DO
It is
S
be become
lovely.
It looks strong.
look smell
taste sound feel …
We ofen find
He
DO
him
就是是否存在 in the zoo OC 逻辑上的主系表关系
is
此处为 介短宾补
主 +谓 + 宾+宾补句型 简称 主谓宾补
1 仅仅使用主谓宾无法说明完整句意 必须添加补足语补充说明宾语情况 判断标准是在DO和OC中间可否加be动词
可接 介短宾补的动词有keep/leave/find…
a zookeeper
‘David’. OC(宾补)
I
S
make him angry. OC V DO
Object Complement
He tells us to protect the birds OC V DO S S + V + DO + OC 主 +谓 + 宾+宾补句型 简称 主谓宾补
We call the man David
S V
O
I will finish
S V
doing homework soon.
O
I think
S V
that you can do the job.
O
动词 + to do: learn/prepare/would like/need/have/ try /want/hope/plan/agree/choose/decide 这就是我们常见的 动词+ to do 句型 动词 + doing sth:mind/finish/practise 这就是我们常见的 动词+ doing 句型 动词 + 宾语从句: think/believe/ be sure/be afraid /say/ know/find
P（n名词短语） lv P(adj)
P（adj）
5 The world will become better.
lv
P(adj形容词比较级)
表语 P成分可以出现
形容词，名词，介词短语(形名介)
必须是这三类专门的词，而且必须表达这个特殊 的含义时才是系动词。 常见的连系动词 1.表示感觉的动词5个---必须翻译为 …起来 feel感到 excited; smell good; taste delicious; sound interesting; look happy 2.表示变化的动词6个：有固定的搭配 get smaller; grow older; become stronger; turn yellow; go bad; come true 3.表示状态保持的动词： stay healthy; keep warm; remain保持 be (am,is.are,was,were)是 ；seem似乎
S
V
P（表语)
get
linking verbs(系动词)
Predicative
表语三成分
三类系动词
1 The man is in the park.
2 He looks kind.
lv lv
lv
P（介词短语）
3 He is a kind man. 4 The singing of birds sounds beautiful.
关键要看be动词后接的是实义动词ing形式还是表语(形名介)
竞赛加分开始
Judge the following sentences ( T or F ): 1. Millie is sleeping.
T
→Ann is kind. S V P
S S
S S
V
2. Ann is kind.
F
V
V V P
• • • • • • • • •
易考的混淆点 一 delicious The food tastes _______(delicious). S + V(lv) + P well I will taste the food _______ (good). S + V(Vt) + O angry (angry) His father looked ________ S+V(lv) + P His father looked ______ angrily (angry) at him. S + V(Vi+介词) + O
Subject(主语)
1.They are running. 2.Jim can draw.
SV和SVO的注意点
→1. S + V
run draw vi.(不及物
动词）
3.Thedo baby pandas What baby pandas drink drink?milk. →1. S + V + O What read? drink read 4.We will willwe read English. 注意: 1.谓语(V)具有各种不同时态;
S V S V S V DO S V DO S V
P
P
P
判断划线部分属于什么成分
eg: A swan is swimming.
V
V 1. Birds fly. 2. He looks young. P 3. He saw a bird in the tree. DO 4. It tastes nice. P
1 三类专门词，而且表达这种特殊含义才是系动词。 有的词具备多种含义所以具备多种词性
• 易考的混淆点 一 1 He looks ________ because his son is looking ___________ at the bird. A A happy,happily B happily, happily C happily, happy D happily, happy _______, he can stay in Hongkong for two days. However, after he heard good news, he stayed very _________. A A Luckily; calm B Lucky; calm C Lucky; calmly D Luckily; calmly 1 三类专门词，而表达特殊的含义才是系动词。 有的词具备多种含义所以具备多种词性
1.A golden eagle is flying. 2.A crane eats
fish.
3.A Swan
→2. S + V + O 主语+谓语+宾语 主谓宾结构
has
has
a long thin neck.
a forked tail.
后面必须有宾语
4.A swallow
Vt 及物动词
Verb（谓语） Direct Object（宾语） S 动作发出者 V 动作本身 DO 动作接受者
Birdwatching
2.A crane eats fish.
Birdwatching
3.A Swan has a long thin neck.
Birdwatching
4.A swallow has a forked tail.
→1. S + V 主语+谓语 主谓结构
Vi 不及物动词 后面没有宾语
• • • • • • • •
易考的混淆点 二 good 1 The food tastes _______ A good B well calm during the 2 We should stay ________ earthquake. A calm B calmly A 3 The young boy becomes _________ A more and more surprised adj B more and more surprisedly adv C more and more surprise n
进行时；情态动词；现在时； 以及将来时 2. 在句中先找主语 subject 再找谓语部分 如是不及物动词，其后不能直接加宾语 如是及物动词，其后必须有宾语。 其后有没有宾语是S+V和S+V+O判断标志 3. 如果对宾语提问使用疑问词what.
vt.（及物动词）
The government wants to protect the endangered birds.
He tells
DO
us
to protect the birds
OC
此处为 动词不定式做宾补
主 +谓 + 宾+宾补句型 简称 主谓宾补
1 仅仅使用主谓宾无法说明完整句意 必须添加补足语补充说明宾语情况 就是我们常见的 动词+ sb + to do 词组
He tells us to protect the birds. 常见的可接不定式宾补的动词有： tell,ask,want,would like,wish,teach,invite… V + O + OC (V sb to do sth) My deskmate often makes me laugh. 常见的可接动词原形宾补的动词有： have,let,make, 使让词 see,hear,find,feel,watch… 感觉类动词 V + O + OC (V sb do sth) He keeps me worrying. 常见的可接doing宾补的动词有： Keep 和 see,hear,feel,watch,find…感觉类动词 V + O + OC (V sb doing sth)
3. The idea sounds great. 4. Amy is reading English. DO
T T
分析句型结构
1. Zhalong looks beautiful. 2. We can see many birds. 3. Some people are watching birds. 4. They are birdwatchers. 5. Birdwatching is interesting.
I make him
DO
angry
OC
就是是否存在
逻辑上的主系表关系
He
is
此处为 形容词宾补
主 +谓 + 宾+宾补句型 简称 主谓宾补
1 仅仅使用主谓宾无法说明完整句意 必须添加补足语补充说明宾语情况 判断标准是在DO和OC中间可否加be动词
可接 形容词宾补的动词有keep/make/find…