新人教版教材选择性必修四课文长难句汇总解析
新教材人教版高中英语选择性必修第四册全册各单元重点语法汇总
人教版选择性必修第四册重点语法汇总Unit 1 science fiction ........................................................................ - 1 - unit 2 Iconic attractions .................................................................... - 9 - Unit 3 Sea Exploration .................................................................... - 17 - Unit 4 Sharing ................................................................................. - 24 - Unit 5 Launching Your Career ......................................................... - 31 -Unit 1 science fiction被动语态英语中有两种语态，一种是主动语态，一种是被动语态。
如果主语是动作的执行者，或者动作是由主语完成的，要用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，则用被动语态。
[观察例句]1．It was going to be tested out by Larry's wife，Claire.2．All the work has been finished by now.3．Now she was being looked after by a robot that looked so human，and it was disturbing.4．You are invited to make a speech in our school.5．Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn't harm her or allow her to be harmed.[归纳用法]1．例句1中的黑体词部分为过去将来时的被动形式，其构成是was/were going to＋be＋done。
2019人教版高中英语选择性必修四全册重点语法归纳
高中英语选择性必修4重点语法归纳【主谓一致】主谓一致是指主语和谓语动词要保持人称和数的统一，即主语为单数，谓语要用单数形式;主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。
考点一、谓语动词常用单数形式的情况1. 不定代词either，neither，one，the other，anyone，anybody，anything，someone，somebody，something，everyone，everybody，everything，no one，none，nobody，nothing等作主语时。
例如：Nobody is in the room. 没有人在房间里。
2. 由“each / no / every+名词+and +each / no / every+名词”作主语时。
例如：Each boy and each girl was given a gift. 每个男生和女生都被给了一个礼物。
3. 动名词短语、不定式短语作主语时。
例如：Collecting stamps is my hobby. 集邮是我的爱好。
4. many a+单数名词，more than one+单数名词，one and a half后接复数名词作主语时。
例如：Many a student is fond of the book. 许多学生喜欢这本书。
5. 两个单数名词用and 连接，表示一个概念或一个不可分的整体作主语时，如bread and butter，a knife and fork，a needle and thread，coffee and milk，going to bed early and getting up early。
例如：Bread and butter is their daily food. 面包和黃油是他们每天的食物。
6. and连接两个单数名词，名词前只有一个定冠词修饰，指同一个人或事物时。
例如：The teacher and writer is going to attend the meeting. 这个老师兼作家，将要参加这个会议。
人教版高中英语必修4Unit4课文Reading长难句解析
人教版高中英语必修4Unit4课文Reading长难句解析SENTENCE EXPLANATIONS请和你的同学一起认真分析下面句子，并补全所缺内容。
这种学习方式能逐步提高你理解长难句的能力。
1. After half an hour of waiting for their flight to arrive, I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously. (P26)【分析】①本句是一个简单句。
②句子的主干是I saw several young people enter the waiting area。
③After half an hour of waiting for their flight to arrive是介词短语作时间状语。
④looking around curiously是动词-ing形式短语作enter的________状语。
【句意】在等待他们的航班半个小时之后，我看见几个年轻人走进了等候区，好奇地向四周张望。
【仿写】在等待火车一个小时之后，我们看见一名男子走出了火车站，焦急地向四周张望。
2. They shook hands and then kissed each other twice on each cheek, since that isthe French custom when adults meet people they know. (P26) 【分析】①本句是一个主从复合句。
②主句是They shook hands and then kissed each other twice on each cheek，since 引导________从句。
③since引导的从句中包含when引导的时间状语从句，其中they know是省略了关系代词的定语从句，修饰先行词people。
高中英语选择性必修四 Unit Iconic attractions 复杂句子剖析
人教选修第四册Unit2 Iconic attractions复杂句子剖析1.Ethnic minority groups in China are often entitled to special funds from the government to help protect their cultural heritage.(P16)中国的少数民族往往有权获得政府的特别资金,以帮助保护他们的文化遗产。
【词汇精讲】entitle vt.给……命名(或提名);使享有权利He read a poem entitled “Salt”.他朗诵了一首题目为《盐》的诗。
You will be entitled to your pension when you reach 60.你到60岁就有资格获得养老金。
【词汇拓展】If one side failed to honour the contract,the other side should be entitled to cancel it.如合同一方不按合同条款行事,另一方则有权中止合同。
The novel is entitled Pride and Prejudice.那本小说叫《傲慢与偏见》2.Visitors to the beaches can enjoy many activities, including diving, kayaking, and rock climbing.(P16)到海滩的游客可以参加许多活动,包括潜水、皮划艇和攀岩。
【词汇精讲】dive vi.潜水;跳水;俯冲The main purpose of his holiday to Greece was to go diving.他到希腊度假的主要目的就是去潜水。
It was so hot that we dived into the swimming pool to cool off.太热了,我们一头跳进游泳池里,凉快一下。
新教材人教版高中英语选择性必修第四册全册重点单词短语句型汇总 带答案
新教材人教版高中英语选择性必修第四册全册重点单词短语句型汇总Unit 1 science fictionWords and Phrases1superior adj. _______________________________________[教材原句P6] In scifi stories，robots often become superior and take over.在科幻小说中，机器人通常会变得更高级，并接管一切。
[例1]You're a very superior young woman. 你是一个非常优秀的年轻女性。
[例2]Team 1 was superior in number to Team 2. 第一组在数量上超过了第二组。
[造句]这些新产品远远优于老产品。
The new products are far superior to the old ones.[知识拓展]superior to _______________________________________be superior in _______________________________________be superior to _______________________________________rise superior to _______________________________________2conflict with_______________________________________[教材原句P7] A ROBOT MUST OBEY THE ORDERS GIVEN IT BY HUMAN BEINGS EXCEPT WHERE SUCH ORDERS WOULD CONFLICT WITH THE FIRST LAW.机器人必须服从人类给它的命令，除非这种命令与第一定律相冲突。
英语精品 新教材选择性必修四 UNIT 5 Section Ⅲ Grammar——复习长句
Section ⅢGrammar——复习长句一、长句分析1.产生长句的原因一般来说，造成长句的原因有三方面：(1)修饰语过多；(2)并列成分多；(3)语言结构层次多。
2.分析长句的方法在分析长句时可以采用下面的方法：(1)找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语，从整体上把握句子的结构。
(2)找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语动词、介词短语和从句的引导词。
(3)分析从句和短语的功能，例如，是否为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句等，若是状语，它是表示时间、原因、结果、还是表示条件等等。
(4)分析词、短语和从句之间的相互关系，例如，定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个等。
(5)注意插入语等其他成分。
(6)注意分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配。
二、长句理解英语的长句子之所以长，是因为含有较多较长的修饰成分，或是包含多个并列句或从句。
长句子的理解与一般句子相似，主要包括句法结构、语义逻辑和语篇功能三方面。
1.句法结构理解长句的基础是理清句子的结构层次，这需要学习者熟悉了解英语的基本句型，在此基础上抓住长句子的主干，即句子的主语和谓语。
[合作探究]Some people know what they want to do from a young age，but many others just have a few ideas bouncing around in their heads.有的人年轻时就清楚自己想做什么，但更多的人往往是只有一些想法在脑子里晃来晃去。
[自主发现1]这是由转折连词but连接的并列复合句，表达前后两种情况的对比。
前半部分是“主谓宾状”结构，其中含有what引导的宾语从句：后半部分也是“主谓宾”结构，其中的bouncing around in their heads作定语修饰ideas。
2.语义逻辑在熟悉句子的基本结构的基础上，逐层梳理分析长句中其他成分的层次关系。
[合作探究]But by any criteria this work is worth it to us as well，because it shows that we are global citizens interested in word stability，and that we feel responsible for others and are ready to build a community with a shared future for mankind.但以任何标准来看，这项工作对我们都是值得的；因为它表明，我们是关注世界稳定的全球公民，我们对他人负有责任，我们为建立人类命运共同体做好了准备。
Unit4Sharing重点词汇单元语法重点句式知识清单-高中英语人教版选择性
人教版选择性必修四Unit 4 Sharing重点词汇详解+语法+重点句式知识清单Part one Words and Phrases一、一词多义1.parcel n.包裹vt.裹好；打包；分成若干部分①I am going to take the parcel to the post office this afternoon.(n.包裹)②The sales clerk parceled the customer's purchases.(vt.打包)③They parceled out the land into small plots.(vt.分成若干部分)2.mail n.邮件；信件；邮政vt.邮寄；发电邮给①Don't forget to mail your mother the letter.(vt.邮寄)②Please forward my mail to me.(n.邮件；信件)③If we want to send something to another department，we use the mail system.(n.邮政)3.shade vt.给……遮挡(光线)；加灯罩；把……涂暗n.阴凉处；灯罩；阴影部分①These trees afford a pleasant shade.(n.阴凉处)②This artist uses light and shade to good effect.(n.阴影部分)③A big hat shades the eyes.(vt.给……遮挡(光线)4.wrinkle vt.& vi.[(使脸上)起皱纹；皱起n.皱纹]①The old man's face is covered with wrinkles.(n.皱纹)②She wrinkled her nose at the smell.(vt.皱起)③The skin on her cheeks and around her eyes was beginning to wrinkle.[vi.(脸上)起皱纹]二、重点词汇及拓展1.tune n. 曲调；曲子vt.调音；调节；调频道[教材原句P44] But then I began to hear about the work she was doing in Tanzania，a country that has many health problems，and now I am singing a different tune.但是之后我开始听到她在坦桑尼亚的工作，那里有很多健康问题，(所以)现在我有了不同的看法。
高中英语选择性必修四 Unit 5 Lauching your career复杂句子剖析
新人教选修第四册Unit 5 Lauching your career复杂句子剖析1.I want to become a lawyer because I think fairness and justice is of great importance to society, and I hope I can make some contribution in that respect.(P52)我想成为一名律师,因为我认为公平和正义对社会非常重要,我希望我能在那方面做出一些贡献。
【词汇精讲】justice n.公平;公正;合理People there are demanding equal rights and justice.那里的人们要求平等的权利和正义。
The laws are based on the principles of justice.法律是以公正为原则。
Some TV sets don’t have the sound quality to do justice to the music.一些电视机的音质不好,无法播出好的音乐效果。
The old man is respected by others because he has a strong sense of justice.老人受到他人的尊重,因为他有很强的正义感。
2.There was a huge debate about whether the reporter should be accused of spying on the star couple.(P52)关于这位记者是否应该被指控暗中监视着这对明星夫妇的罪名争论激烈。
【词汇精讲1】accuse vt.控告;控诉;谴责Her assistant was accused of theft and fraud by the police.她的助手被警方指控犯有盗窃和欺诈罪。
UNIT 4 单元重点归纳-2022-2023学年高二英语人教版 选择性必修第四册 课件
in difficulty 处在困难中
in sight 看得见
in doubt 怀疑
in danger 处在危险中
in comfort 舒适地
in debt 负债
in order 有序地
in fun 开玩笑
in public 公开地
新教材·英语（RJ） 选择性必修·第四册
in peace 和平地；安详地
16．pray vi. & vt. 企盼；祈祷
pray that... 但愿……
pray to sb. for... 向某人祈求……
pray for...为……祈祷
pray for peace 祈求和平
二、重点句式：
新教材·英语（RJ） 选择性必修·第四册
1．be doing... when... 正在做……这时……
6．adapt to 适应
新教材·英语（RJ） 选择性必修·第四册
adapt n. 使适应；使适合
adapt A from B 由 B 改编成 A
be adapted from... 由……改编
adaptation n. 适应；改编本
7．be relevant to 与……有关
8．make a difference g a different tune 转变态度；唱反调
be in/out of tune (with sb./sth.) (与……)协调/不协调；(与……)一致/不一致
in/out of tune 音调正确/不正确；演奏合调/走调
14．consultation n. 咨询；咨询会；商讨
in consultation with... 经与……磋商
get along with 相处；进展
2019人教版高中英语选择性必修四长难句翻译及分析
选择性必修四长难句翻译及分析(学生版)1.原句Third,the voices and movements are married(相结合)in a way that when the AI news anchor reads, the micro electric motors behind her face move to make her expressions seem more human._____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 2.原句There would then possibly be situations in which the government or private sector retrieves(检索) the information stored in a robotic toy or social robot._____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 3.原句One of the qualities that set sci-fi novels apart from the works of fantasy and surrealism(超现实主义)is that no matter how strange or fantastic the world is, it still obeys internally consistent logic._____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 4.原句That is the very likely future of applying to day's“ eyes in the sky”technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施)worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis._____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 5.The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved._____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 6.原句Italy is well-known for its designers,who create cars , handbags, clothes, shoes and other items that are in demand for their style and fine workmanship._____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 7.原句A report in 2016 said that maintaining the building was like “ trying to fill abathtub with a thimble (套管) while the water is flowing out of the plughole (排水孔)at the other end” ._____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 8.原句In the face of the broken Notre Dame,President Macron said that they would recruit(招收)the best talents from around the world to repair the art treasures , because this is what the French expect and is what history deserves._____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 9.原句To replace an old crossing that was damaged by falling rocks, it was opened to the public four years ago, as the website of what is now the world's second longest hanging bridge says._____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 10.原句Landmark structures that were built to stand the test of time were usually carefully protected over the years, allowing them to appear close to the same as they were constructed._____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 11.原句These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget._____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 12.The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni._____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 13.原句The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies inmanagement._____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 14.原句After a while, the mucilage falls to the bottom of the ocean, where it covers the sea floor, threatening to poison creatures that live there, like crabs and mussels._____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 15.原句Angus also shared many beautiful childhood memories of the ocean as a young boy, who grew up sailing, admiring the beauty of the ocean , and trying to find the secrets of underwater marine species._____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 16.原句Upon exploring the shipwreck ，archaeologists believed it to be under a terrible spell(符咒)，as something would constantly go wrong when they went down to explore._____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 17.原句MacArthur's love for sailing dates back to the time when she was just 4 years old, when she first got the opportunity to have a try on a boat._____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 18.原句The idea dates back to the 1970s,when researchers first proposed using sound waves to study ocean warming, because the speed of sound through water depends on the physical properties(性质) of that water, which are related to temperature._____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 19.原句Fertilizers used on the farmland may be carried to the ocean, where they cause a great increase in the number of certain plants._____________________________________________________________________20.原句Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients._____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 21.原句As my confidence grew, I began opening up to my fellow graduate students about the ups and downs in my research and was surprised to discover that all my fellows faced the same challenge-even the student who I had considered to be on top of everything._____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 22.原句“It's like sharing a dinner with your friends and family who have this kind of thing on a daily basis or sharing something with people who don't even have the most basic things," Michael said._____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 23.原句If you feel strongly about literacy(读写能力)，for instance, volunteer at your local library or find out if there is an organization of volunteer tutors in your area._____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 24.原句But wl Medhal and his team have been honored for their work, he said that his team had been most rewarded by their interactions with people wholive and work at the shelters._____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 25.原句Although the graduation rate of the scholarship receivers is 54 percent, Tolman said all of the students tended to become successful in life simply because they attended college._____________________________________________________________________ 26.原句V olunteering is a great way to help others, whether it's a friend who is struggling with their homework or an elderly person who feels lonely , not to mention people with disabilities._____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 27.原句The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for anotherseason._____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 原句1It concluded that children's career aspirations are often based on factors such as gender stereotypes or what they've seen in the media, on TV and in the film._____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 28.原句This highlights the pressing need for closer ties between employers and schools, to ensure that all children can have role models in a wide range of fields to help them develop an awareness of career choices at an early age._____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 30.原句Since the interview process may take place weeks or months after applications are submitted, phone interviews allow the employer to know whether the applicant is still interested in the job._____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 31.原句Workers can feel themselves being held at gunpoint, and in the process learn proper ways to put safety in the first place and decrease the risk of physical harm._____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________32.原句Years later, I awoke to the fact that I really wanted to do something that madea positive difference in an under-served community._____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 33.原句That movie led him into the second half of his career where his comedic presence alone could make a movie a financial success even when movie reviewers would not rate it highly._____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 34.原句Silent onse communication is key, and each pianist has their own style of “ nodding”to indicate a page turn which they need to practise with their page turner._____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________选择性必修四长难句翻译及分析(教师版)20.原句Third,the voices and movements are married(相结合)in a way that when the AI news anchor reads, the micro electric motors behind her face move to make her expressions seem more human.分析:本句是一个主从复合句。
新教材人教版高中英语选择性必修第四册全册书重点单词短语总结(2022新高考复习资料)
人教版选择性必修第四册重点内容总结Unit 1Science Fiction .................................................................................................... - 1 - Unit 2Iconic Attractions ................................................................................................ - 8 - Unit 3Sea Exploration ................................................................................................. - 15 - Unit 4Sharing .............................................................................................................. - 22 - Unit 5Launching Your Career ...................................................................................... - 29 -Unit 1Science Fiction【话题词汇】1.innovation n. 创新；革新2.hardware n. 硬件；硬设备3.database n. 数据库4.e-book n. 电子书5.password n. 密码6.smartphone n. 智能手机7.automatic adj. 自动的8.install v t. 安装9.upload v t. 上传10.calculate v t. 计算11.browse v t. 浏览12.reliable adj. 可信赖的；可信任的13.portable adj. 可携带的14.digital adj. 数字的；数码的15.intelligent adj. 智能的；有才智的16.manual adj. 手工的；手动的【话题短语】1.log in/on 登陆2.log off/out 退出3.save the data 存储数据4.shut down/off 关闭；关机5.break down 系统瘫痪6.artificial intelligence(AI) 人工智能7.the information superhighway 信息高速公路8.make a breakthrough 突破rmation Technology 信息技术10.remote control 远程遥控【话题佳句】1.In 2015, Chinese scientist Tu Youyou won the Noble Prize in Physiology or Medicine due to the great breakthrough she had made in medicine。
高中英语人教版(2019)选择性必修第四册 Unit 2 课文知识点逐段学习 课件PPT
● (1).复习 to do的用法（找出文中 to do做状语，主语等）
● (2).复习while的用法
● a._______________________.
● b._______________________.
● c._______________________.
● (3) vibrate v. 振动
●(1) convince v.使确信，使信服；说服，劝服 ● convinced a.确信的，信服的，坚信不疑的 ● convincing a.令人信服的，有说服力的
●His statement is quite convincing. 他的说辞很有说服力. ●Her excuse was not very convincing .她的借口没什么说服力
That’s all !
●（2）play a part in 扮演…角色，起…作用
●play an important part in…
●play a major part in…
●（3）be contributed by 由…贡献
●
contribute to 有助于...促成...
●
contribution n.贡献，捐款，投稿
29.They have a straightforward and free-and-easy attitude towards life and their friendliness and warmth made me feel at home whenever I went. ●(1)have a straightforward and free-and-easy attitude
towards life ●有一种坦率洒脱的生活态度 ●straightforward a.简单易懂的，诚实坦率的 ●free-and-easy a.无拘无束的，随便的，轻松自在的 ●(2)feel at home 感觉自在/轻松，宾至如归
高中英语 Book 4 Unit 4 难句解析 新人教版必修4
Book 4 Unit 4 难句解析1. Yesterday, another student and I, representing our university’s student association, went to the Capital Inte rnational Airport to meet this year’s international students. (P26)句中representing our university’s student association为现在分词短语作定语，修饰another student and I。
现在分词短语作定语表示主动和动作正在进行，现在分词修饰的名词是该动作的发出者，即该名词与现在分词所代表的动词之间为主谓关系，单个的分词作定语通常放在所修饰词的前面，分词短语作定语则位于被修饰词的后面；如果修饰的是不定代词something、nothing、anything、everything等，则即使是单个的分词也要位于被修饰词的后面；现在分词短语作定语相当于一个定语从句。
【练习】单项填空：①China, a ______ , is playing a more and more important part in the world.A. developed countryB. developing countryC. country develop edD. country developing②There was a terrible noise, ______ the sudden outbreak of the building.A. followedB. to be followedC. being followedD. following2. She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands, as if in defence. (P26)句中appearing surprised为现在分词短语作伴随状语，分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语，分词必须和句子的主语有逻辑上的主谓关系。
高中英语选择性必修四 Unit 3 Sea Exploration核心句子剖析
新人教选修第四册Unit3 Sea Exploration核心句子剖析1.Henry Norman Bethune devoted his life and profession to helping people without expecting anything in return.(P28)亨利·诺尔曼·白求恩把他的一生和事业都献给了帮助别人而不求任何回报。
profession n.职业;行为Mary was at the very top of her profession.玛丽是她那个行业中的佼佼者。
He soon came to revise his opinion of the profession.他很快就修正了对这个职业的看法。
There’s a feeling among the nursing profession that their work is undervalued.护理界有一种感觉,他们的工作被低估了。
My brother was an electrician by profession.我哥哥的职业是电工。
Most of the people on the course were professional women.参加本课程的大多数人是职业女性。
2.Setting sail is often a mixture of danger and boredom.(P28)航行往往既危险又无聊。
mixture n.混合;混合体;混合物The city is a mixture of old and new buildings.这座城市新老建筑兼而有之。
We listened to the news with a mixture of surprise and horror.我们听到这则消息时既震惊又恐惧。
Add the eggs to the mixture and beat well.将鸡蛋加进混合料中,搅拌均匀。
必修4重点句型及长难句分析
必修四module 1 life in the future1 Not all predictions come true.2 Guitar music is on the way out.3 Here are just a few of the bad predictions people made in the twentieth century about the twenty-first century:4 Thirty years from now people will be wearing clothes made of paper which they will be able to throw away after wearing them two or three times.5 With the first moon colonies predicted for the 1970's, work is now in progress on the types of building required for men to stay in when they're on the moon.6 By the year 2000, housewives will probably have a robot shaped like a box with one large eye on the top, several arms and hands, and long narrow pads on the side for moving about.7 By the mid-1980's no one will ever need to hide a key under the doormat again, because there won't be any keys.8 On the programme this afternoon is an expert of American domestic architecture, Mr Simon Oppenheim who's going to talk to us about the house of the future.9 We'll be living in houses and flats just as we do today.10 I think they'll look much the same as they do today, at least from the outside.11 That means we'll be able to move the walls to create bigger or smaller rooms when we wantto.12 I think a single computer will control most of the functions in the house, and it will have a voice recognition system.13 If we run out of something, like there's no more milk left in the fridge, the computer will tell us.14 And the toilet will move higher or lower, depending on who uses it—a child or an adult.15 No one knows for sure, and making predictions is a risky business.16 They are going to get bigger before they get smaller.17 In the future, care for the environment will become very important as earth's natural resources run out.18 We will use lots of recycled materials, such as plastic, aluminum, steel, glass, wood andpaper, and we will waste fewer natural resources.19 We will also have to rely more on alternative energy, such as solar and wind power.20 All this seems certain, but there are plenty of things about city life in the future which are notcertain.21 To find out what young people think about the future of urban life, a teacher at a university in Texas in the United States asked his students to think how they would run a city of 50,000 people in the year 2025.22 To get rid of garbage problems, the city will load huge spaceships with waste materials and23 send them towards the sun, preventing landfill and environmental problems.24 No smoking will be allowed within a future city's limits. Smoking will be possible only outside cities, and outdoors.25 Everyone will be given a telephone number at birth that will never change no matter where they live.26 All forms of recreation, such as cinemas, bowling, softball, concerts and others, will beprovided free of charge by the city.27 Distance surgery will become common as doctors carry out operations from thousands ofmiles away, with each city having its own telesurgery outpatient clinic.28 Senior citizens and people with disabilities will be able to go anywhere in the world usinghigh-tech cameras attached to their head.29 The home of the future won't be completely different and we will be living in houses and flats just as we do today.30 People will be able to buy "house kits" containing a basic house structure, with moveablewalls, doors and windows.31 Skilled workers such as builders, gardeners and electricians won't disappear becausemachines can't replace them.32 But they will be using modern technology in class more and students will be working more from home.33 The medical technology revolution and space travel will create new jobs which we can onlyimagine today.34 Space holidays will develop in the future, but these holidays won't be for everyone because they won't be cheap.35 Short space trips will develop first, and then space hotels will orbit the earth where it will bepossible to have a longer vacation.36 By the end of the next century, there will be holiday centres on the moon with leisure facilities for families.37 Paper won't exist in the future. Instead, there will be e-paper which people will be able to useover and over again.38 E-newspapers and e-magazines will replace traditional newspapers and magazines and we will download information and news articles from the Internet every day onto our reuseable paper.39 The laws of physics tell us that the earth is going to disappear sometime in the future.40 This isn't going to happen tomorrow but scientists predict that it will happen in five billion years when our sun explodes.41 At some point in the distant future, either we stay on the earth and die with it, or we leave and move to another planet.必修四M2 Traffic Jams1 Simply raise your hand, and a taxi appears in no time.2 They are usually red, and they display the price per kilometre on the window.3 You should check the cab has a business permit, and make sure you ask for a receipt.4 There are 20,000 buses and trolleybuses in Beijing, but they can get very crowded.5 Fares are cheap, starting at 1 Yuan.6 Buses numbered 1 to 100 are limited to travel within the city centre.7 Tourists shouldn't miss the 103 bus which offers one of the most impressive routes, past the Forbidden City and the White Pagoda in Beihai Park.8 If you get on a double-decker bus, make sure you sit upstairs.9 You'll have a good view of the rapidly changing city.10 However, there is also a night bus service, provided by buses with a number in the 200s.11 Minibuses with seats for 12 passengers offer an alternative to expensive taxis and crowded public transport in some areas.13 They run regular services and follow the same routes as large public buses.14 There are four underground lines in Beijing, and several lines are under construction.15 Tourists like these human-pedalled "tricycle taxis", but they can be expensive.16 You should talk to the driver, and make sure you know the price before you begin the journey,for example, if it is per person, single or return.17 Tricycles are worth using if you want to explore the narrow alleys (hutong) of old Beijing.18 The worst problems occur in cities which are growing fast, such as Sao Paolo in Brazil and19 Loshighways, is now the USA's most congested city.20 The situation in central London, where drivers spent fifty percent of their time in queues,became so bad that the local government decided to do something about it.21 In February 2003, the Mayor of London, Ken Livingstone, introduced a "congestion charge"—a tax for cars entering the centre of the city.23 As the cars come into the centre, video cameras record their registration numbers, and these are checked with a list of drivers who have paid the charge for that day.24 They agree that London has a traffic problem,limits their freedom ..25 A survey carried out at the end of 2003 suggests it works.and journey times by 15 percent.27 What's more, central London shops did not lose business even though there were fewer cars.28 But there are a few people who think the charge should be much higher, for example richbusinessmen who work in the city centre and can easily afford it.30 While I was waiting, I saw a group of taxi drivers in front of me getting out of their cars.31 They had coffee cups and one of them carried a thermos flask and poured out some hot water to make tea.32 But even after the tea party was over, the traffic was still jammed and we still couldn't move.33 There was no way I was going to catch the plane, so I told the taxi driver to turn back and gohome.34 But every day, it is almost certain there will be a traffic jam as I get near the west fourth ring road.35 I think the traffic jams are usually caused by people disobeying traffic rules.36 Whatever the cause, it's enough to drive you mad!37 Why not limit the number of cars, build more underground lines or follow Shanghai and build roads in the sky?39 So obviously there were lots of cars overtaking on the wrong side of the road40 As soon as it cleared ,the same thing happened again.41 It's a good idea to wear dark clothes because they hide the dirt while white clothes attract it!42 Even if you find their habits and behaviour a bit strange, you shouldn't show your feelings.43 You should always carry a spare bag in case you see something you want to buy.44 If you don't have anything suitable, avoid wearing expensive designer clothes andaccessories.必修四M3 Body language and Non-verbal Communication1 Although these are very important, we communicate with more than just spoken and written words.2 Indeed, body positions are part of what we call "body language".3 We see examples of unconscious body language very often, yet there is also "learned" body language, which varies from culture to culture.4 So every culture has developed a formal way to greet strangers, to show them we are not aggressive.5 Traditionally, Europeans and Americans shake hands. They do this with the right hand—the strongest hand for most people.6 If our right hand is busy greeting someone, it cannot be holding a weapon.7 Greetings in Asian countries do not involve touching the other person, but they always involve the hands.8 Traditionally in China, when we greet someone, we put the right hand over the left and bow slightly.9 In all of these examples, the hands are busy with the greeting and cannot hold a weapon.10 Even today, when some people have very informal styles of greeting, they still use theirhands as a gesture of trust.11 One person then holds up his hand, palm outwards and five fingers spread.12 The other person raises his hand and slaps the other's open hand above the head in a "highfive".13 Body language is fascinating for anyone to study.14 Look at your friends and family and see if you are a mind reader!15 But we don't clap at the end of a television programme or a book, however good they are.16 We clap at the end of a live performance, such as a play, or a concert, to say thank you to theperformers.17 The theatre was large—it could hold 14,000 people, half the adult male population of the city,which meant that the audience could make a lot of noise.18 Applause was a sign of being part of the community, and of equality between actors andaudience.19 The important thing was to make the noise together, to add one's own small handclap toothers.20 But some occasions on which people clap change from one country to another.21 For example, in Britain people clap at a wedding, but in Italy they sometimes clap at a funeral.22 Whoever they are, Americans don't usually like to call each other by their family name.23 Whatever you do, don't leave immediately after the meal is finished.24That's why communicating face to face is always better than a telephone conversation—especially if you are trying to sell something!25 Your body language will give others a general impression of you and it will also show your emotions.26 It's easy to tell the difference between a genuine smile of pleasure and a false smile.27 So if you understand body language codes, it is usually possible to know what someone really means, whatever they may be saying with words.28 In some parts of Asia, however, it is common for people of the same sex to hold hands as a sign of friendship.29 In the west, it is appropriate to shake hands when you meet someone for the first time andboth men and women can initiate a hand shake.30 In Indonesia, for example, a man will not offer a handshake to an Indonesian woman unless they are in a business situation.31 If you want to avoid making embarrassing mistakes when you travel to other countries, you should find out about their basic cultural codes before you leave.M4 Great scientists1 In a hungry world rice is a staple food and China is the world's largest producer.2 Rice is also grown in many other Asian countries, and in some European countries like Italy.3 Yuan Longping was born and brought up in China.4 As a boy he was educated in many schools and was given the nickname, "the student who asks questions".5 He studied agriculture in college and as a young teacher he began experiments in crop breeding.6 He thought that the key to feeding people was to have more rice and to produce it more quickly.7 He thought there was only one way to do this—by crossing different species of rice plant, and then he could produce a new plant which could give a higher yield than either of the original plants.8 In Pakistan rice is the second most important crop after wheat and will be grown in many parts of the country.9 If he's wrong, he loses a point, and the question goes to the second contestant.10 Today rockets are very advanced machines which we can use to send astronauts intospace.11 The Chinese had a form of gunpowder which was put in bamboo tubes and thrown intofires to make explosions during festivals.12 The Chinese discovered that the gas escaping from the tube could lift it into the air.13 The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped keep the rocket moving in astraight direction.14 Soon the Mongols learned how to make rockets themselves and it is possible that they introduced them to Europe.15 One Italian scientist even invented a rocket which could travel over the surface ofwater and hit an enemy ship.16 When the smoke cleared Wan Hu and his chair had disappeared.17 No one knows what happened.18 Or was he carried miles into space, becoming the world's first astronaut?。
(人教版)选择性必修第四册：UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION(含解析)
选择性必修第四册UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTIONⅠ.阅读理解Very，very long ago，dogs didn’t exist.There were just wolves of different kinds.“Dogor”，an 18，000-year-old puppy，was found frozen in the permafrost in Siberia near Yakutsk.Permafrost is a layer of ground in Arctic and Antarctic areas that remains frozen.Recently，areas of permafrost are thawing (解冻) as the world has warmed，and uncovering secrets long buried and frozen.Dogor came out of the ground covered with mud and ice，but scientists carefully cleaned him.His head，including his nose，hair，eyelashes，and a mouth full of young teeth，is still very much like it was when he died.Scientists from Sweden have tested him carefully.Their tests showed that the puppy lived 18，000 years ago，that it was a male，and that it was about two months old when it died.But even though the scientists ran two DNA tests to discover whether Dogor was a dog or a wolf，they didn’t get what they wanted.The scientists say that normally it’s fairly “easy to tell the difference”.They now plan on doing a third DNA test.In any case，the results will teach scientists a lot about the history of dogs and when they began to separate from wolves.“We can’t wait to get results from further tests，”said Sergey Fedorov，of the Mammoth Museum of North-Eastern Federal University. Some people believe we may soon get even more information about very old animals.Due to the climate change，the world’s temperature has gone up by 1 ℃，which has led to heat waves，record dry periods，wildfires，record rains，and more strong hurricanes.Since the permafrost in Siberia and other areas is thawing，it’s possible that even more animals will be found，which could help scientists learn more about early history.1.What’s special about Dogor?A.It’s the world’s earliest dog.B.It survived extreme cold.C.It has shown many secrets.D.It is preserved perfectly.2.Which word can best describe the result of the study on Dogor?A.Uncertain.B.Satisfying.C.Unreliable.D.Challenging.3.What does the author want to convey in the last paragraph?A.The rise of temperature benefits animal studies.B.Animals are suffering from natural disasters.C.The climate is worsening.D.Scientists call on people to protect ancient animals.4.Where is the text most likely from?A.A science magazine.B.A biology textbook.C.A novel about animals.D.A report about weather.Chemical engineers at UNSW Sydney have found a way to make“green”ammonia(氨)from air，water and renewable electricity.In a paper published in Energy& En v ironmental Science，the authors say that ammonia synthesis(合成)was one of the critical achievements of the 20th century.When used in fertilisers that significantly increase the output of food crops，it could enable agriculture to sustain an ever-expanding global population.But since the beginning of the 1900s when it was first employed，production of ammonia has been energy-intensive—requiring temperatures higher than 400 ℃ and pressures greater than 200 atm—and all powered by fossil fuels.Dr.Emma Lovell，a co-author of the paper from UNSW，says the traditional way to make ammonia，known as the Haber-Bosch process，is only cost-effective when it is produced on a massive scale due to the huge amounts of energy and expensive materials required and that it produces more CO2 than any other chemical-making reaction.“In addition to the big carbon footprint left by the Haber-Bosch process，having to produce millions of tonnes of ammonia in centralised locations means even more energy is required to transport it around the world，not to mention the risks that go with storing large amounts of it in one place，”says Dr.Lovell.“And we saw tragically in Beirut how potentially dangerous storing ammonium nitrate(硝酸铵)can be.”Dr.Lovell and her colleagues therefore looked at how to produce it cheaply，on a smaller scale and using renewable energy.Their new production method does not rely on fossil fuel resources，and doesn’t give off CO2 either.“And once it becomes available commercially，the technology could be used to produce ammonia directly on site and on demand farmers could even do this on site using our technology to make fertilisers—which means we negate the need for storage and transport.There’s a huge benefit to society as well as the health of the planet，”Dr.Lovell says.5.What do we know about the Haber-Bosch process?A.It does harm to the environment.B.It requires green materials.C.It uses less energy and is cheap.D.It transforms fossil fuels into ammonia.6.Why is the city Beirut mentioned in the text?A.To remind people to protect the environment.B.To give an example of the risk in ammonia storage.C.To convince farmers to transport ammonia elsewhere.D.To stress the choice of a proper centralised location.7.What does the underlined word“negate”probably mean in the last paragraph?A.Inspect.B.Avoid.C.Suit.D.Accept.8.What is the purpose of this text?A.To solve a problem.B.To explain a process.C.To advocate a theory.D.To introduce a method.Ⅱ.完形填空(2024·福建省漳州市高三二模)It was a relatively calm day in the fishing village of Kalk Bay.Several people were __1__ by the window of Brass Bell looking out to the water of the Atlantic ocean.Then the scene changed __2__.“I saw this wave come over the harbor (海港) and it __3__ the people，dragging them into the __4__.I immediately ran outside，undressed myself，and dived into the water because I saw a child go in as well.I have a very soft spot for kids，and my instinct (本能) just kicked in to see if I could help，” Tongai said，who __5__ Brass Bell Restaurant.37-year-old Clair and her 8-year-old daughter Arya were two of the people __6__ away.Clair knew they were being pulled into the water as soon as the __7__ rushed over them，and she __8__ to wrap her arms around little Arya.By now Tongai had dropped the drink he was __9__，taken off his belt and jumped into the water—followed by an __10__ tourist.By then the violence of the waves，even just a few meters from shore，had pulled Clair and Arya apart；he used his belt to __11__ Arya who wasn’t able to stay afloat by herself.“I __12__ went to the restaurant to thank the clerk，” Clair said.“My daughter __13__ him immediately，and we all embraced (拥抱) each other.We are so thankful to Tongai and the tourist who risked their __14__ to save ours，but it’s a pity that we still don’t know the tourist’s name；we’ll forever be __15__ to them.”1.A.rowing B.swimmingC.walkingD.driving2.A.dramatically B.deeplyC.graduallyD.constantly3.A.lifted B.coveredC.pressedD.held4.A.village B.bayC.restaurantD.ocean5.A.headed for B.worked atC.lived nearD.ate in6.A.swept B.blownC.thrownD.turned7.A.people B.shipC.life jacketD.wave8.A.learned B.agreedC.managedD.wished9.A.producing B.buyingC.pouringD.storing10.A.unnamed B.outgoingC.attractiveD.international11.A.fix B.rescueC.threatenD.catch12.A.regularly B.occasionallyC.directlyD.recently13.A.recognized fortedC.interviewedD.contacted14.A.business B.livesC.creditD.health15.A.polite B.generousC.gratefulD.friendlyⅢ.语法填空(2024·江西省鹰潭市一模)If you have been to the cinema and watched the popular movie “The Wandering Earth Ⅱ” recently，you might 1.____________(impress) by the intelligent quantum computer MOSS.It has no cognitive limitations，removing the perceptual (感知的)thinking consciousness and left with the rational algorithm only.In fact，such strong AI like MOSS does not exist in reality for 2.____________ time being.Nevertheless，weaker AI，3.____________ replaces human processing in a specific field，has already been imperceptibly (不知不觉地)integrated into our daily life.At present，most of the global AI level is also at this stage，for example，Robotic Process Automation (RPA)，an office software that relieves employees by doing repetitive human tasks，simulating a range of human 4.________(operate) such as on the keyboard and mouse.Furthermore，Open AI 5.____________(release) the language model ChatGPT (Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer) lately，making human-machine interaction much 6.____________ humanized and intelligent than ever before.Thanks to its revolutionary user experience，ChatGPT obtained more than one million users just five days after 7.____________(it)release.As to 8.________ ChatGPT became such a hit，users think it can display simple results content according to searching keywords. Far from being a Chatbot only，ChatGPT can also realize article creation，code generating and other functions only by requesting.ChatGPT even has the 9.________________(capable)to write code just like a professional programmer.It also presents the strong ability in content continuation，literary creation，music creation，etc.It is so powerful 10.____________ New York City public schools have banned it from their networks and school devices.选择性必修第四册UNIT 1Ⅰ.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。
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选择性必修四课文长难句解析学案X4U11.But if I stopped and the same space was being occupied by something else, we would be forced together and explode like a bomb！____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【解析】：翻译: 但是如果我停下来，同样的空间被其他东西占据了，我们就会被挤在一起，然后像炸弹一样爆炸。
分析：本句是一个主从复合句，其中we would be forced together and explode like a bomb是主句；if引导条件状语从句，而该从句又含有and连接的两个并列分句。
2.Claire didn’t want the robot in her house, especially as her husband would be away on a business trip for three weeks, but Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn't harm her or allow her to be harmed.____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【解析】翻译: 克莱尔不想让机器人进她家，尤其是当她丈夫要出差三个星期的时候，但拉里劝她说，机器人不会伤害她，也不会允许她受到伤害。
分析：本句是一个but连接的并列复合句。
在第一个分句中especially 后的as引导时间状语从句；在第二个分句中that引导宾语从句，在该从句中or连接两个并列的谓语动词3. He always treated her with dignity, she told him how she was unhappy that her home wasn’t elegant enough for Larry, who wanted to improve his social position with a bigger salary.【解析】：这个句子里how....unhappy 是个宾语从句，tell sb sth , “who....salary”是who引导的非限制性定语从句，who指代Larry. 句意是他总是以有尊严的态度对待她，她告诉他她是多么不高兴，因为她的家对拉里来说不够优雅，拉里想以更高的薪水提高自己的社会地位。
4. As he was not allowed to accompany her to the shops, he wrote out a list of things that he would need for his work on the house.【解析】：as 引导的原因状语从句，后面that引导的定语从句，在从句中做宾语的成分，句意是：由于不允许他陪她去商店，他就列了一张单子，把装修房子所需要的东西列了出来。
5. When it comes to games, 2017 became a year in which AI defeated humans in so many games that Al researchers say that it will not be long before AI can win at most everything____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【解析】本句考点: in which 引导定语从句，先行词2017,第一个that 为so. that 中的that，表示目的状语。
第二个that引导宾语从句，it will not be long before为固定句型，做什么什么不会花费很久，句意为：当说到游戏的时候，2017年是AI在如此多方面打败人类的一年以至于AI的研究人员说AI不用花费很长时间就会在所有事情上打败人类。
6. Clarie knew that Gladys thought they were in a relationship, after all, she knew calrie’s husband’s name was Larry.【解析】：这个句子里‘that.... Larry“是宾语从句，做know 的宾语。
句意是：克拉丽知道格拉迪斯认为他们在恋爱，毕竟，她知道凯丽的丈夫的名字是拉里。
7. It was at ten o’clock today that the first of all time Machine began its career.【解析】：这个句子是个强调句型，去掉it was 和that还可以形成完整的句子。
句意是今天10点，第一台时间机器开始了它的事业。
8. It is hard to explain the strong and unpleasant feeling of time travelling, it felt like being driven fast on a winding road.【解析】：句式It is adj+ to do sth 很难解释时间旅行的强烈和不愉快的感觉，感觉就像在一条蜿蜒的道路上被快速驾驶。
9. She told him how she was unhappy that her home wasn’t elegant enough for Larry, who wanted to improve his social position with a bigger salary.____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【解析】本句考点:本句有三个从句，第一个为She told him how…，how引导的宾语从句，走tell sb sth这个双宾语结构；第二个为she was unhappy that…，that引导的同位语从句；第三个为Larry, who wanted…who 引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为Larry，从句缺主语。
句意为她告诉他他是多么的不开心因为他家对于Larry来说不够高雅，Larry想要用更高的薪水提升他的社会地位。
10. She heard him declared that he did not want to leave her the next day, and that felt more than just the desire to please her.____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【解析】本句考点:本句有三个定语从句，一是She heard him…省略that 的宾语从句；二是declared that he …宾从；三是and that felt…宾从，与前一个并列，都给declare。
句意为：她听见他宣称道他不想第二天离开她，并且他感觉有比取悦她更多的渴求。
11. On the second morning, Tony brought her breakfast and then asked her whether she needed help dressing【解析】：这个句子种ask 后面是个宾语从句，ask sb sth, 此时whether...dressing 是sth, 做ask的第二个宾语，whether翻译成是否，某些时候可以和if替换。
句意是：第二天早上，托尼给她拿来了早餐，然后问她是否需要帮忙穿衣服。
12. Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot , but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity and began to trust him.【解析】：这个句子thought后面的it只是一个形式主语，真正的主语是that.....robot, 句意是：克莱尔觉得一个机器人向她表示同情很荒谬，但她渐渐钦佩他的智慧和正直，开始信任他。
X4U21. As for the future, inspired by its own history, the Grand Bazaar (大巴扎集市) is still growing, with many shops opening nearby, offering cheaper prices that attract even the locals.____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【解析】本句考点: 两处非谓语，with 复合结构做伴随状语，定语从句。