安森美LED通用照明应用
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– 线性槽带或路径 Linear strip or path – 点 Spot – 区域 Area
• 光学考虑因素(窄或宽光束) Optics considerations (narrow or wide beam)
– 扩散板 Diffuser – 反射镜 Reflector
反射镜Reflector
并联 Parallel
串-并联 Series-Parallel
交叉连接 Cross connect
11
低电流驱动器示例
Example of a Low Current Driver
特性 Features
•交流电压增加时仍保持恒流 Constant current as AC
voltage increases
condition and forward voltage variation across a range of operating conditions
• 交流-直流电源转换与驱动器稳压能集成为单个驱动器或分为两个段 AC-DC
power conversion and driver regulation can be merged together into a single driver or separated into two stages
Thermal Path is Critical to LED Lifetime
5 mm LED
照明级LED
Lighting-class LED
无散热路径
No Thermal path
散热路径
Thermal path
• 5 mm灯几乎没有散热路径 5 mm
lamps have almost no thermal path
• LED排列方式及光源规范决定基本的驱动器要求 The arrangement of LEDs and the
luminaire specifications dictate the fundamental driver requirements
electrical energy is used for lighting of which 40% is for incandescent lighting, this represents 2000 TWh/year
Residential 28%
Industrial 16%
Streetlighting 8%
– 镜头 Lens
• 热密度及散热 Thermal density and heat removal
• 尺寸及灯具外观 Size and lit appearance
镜头 Lens
9
LED封装趋势 LED Packaging Trends
• 尺寸更小 Smaller size • 多个大功率芯片 Multi-high power chips • 多个较小芯片 Multi-small chips • 涂磷方法 Phosphor coatings methods • 更高瓦特数的封装 Higher wattage packages • 沉积硅树脂主镜头系统 Deposited silicone primary lens
• 用户确实也会采用并联/串联组合方式来配置LED Users do configure LEDs
in Parallel/Series combinations
–需要“匹配的”LED正向电压 Requires “matched” LED forward voltages –如果某个LED失效开路，其余LED可能会过驱动 –交叉连接和多路并联技术尝试减轻发生故障的风险并迫使两个 LED拥有相同电压 Cross connecting and multiple parallel techniques try to mitigate the
1) 驱动电流增加， 光通量也增加
Increasing drive current, increases flux
2) 电流越大，正向电压及功率也越大 Higher current, increases Vf & power
6
3
Seoul Semiconductor
Z1
散热路径对LED寿命至关重要
5
操作参数的关系 Operating Relationship
电气、光学及热学 Electrical, Optical & Thermal
1
Luxeon Rebel White
2
OSRAM Platinum Dragon
3) 功率越大则结温度升高， 从而降低光通量(光输出) Higher power raises Tj, reduces flux (light out)
on Lumen Maintenance (L70) which is a function of operating temperature
8
应用驱动LED选择
Application Drives LED Selection
• 照明的区域/图案？ What is the area/pattern to be lit?
110%
100%
Lumen Output (%)
90% 80% 70% 60%
100 W Incandescent 5mm LED 42W CFL 50 W Tungsten Halide 400 W Metal Halide 25 W T8 Fluorescent Lighting-class LED
•达到LED阈值电压后LED导通无延迟 No delay in
turn on after LED threshold voltage is reached
•低电压时LED保持明亮 Bright LEDs at low voltages •保持LED免受电压浪涌影响 LEDs protected from voltage
risk of a fault and force both LEDs to have the same voltage
串联 Series
一旦某个LED失效 开路，其余LED中 仅有一个的驱动电 流会翻倍 If a LED
fails open, only 1 LED will be have 2x the drive current
– 正向电压因颜色、电流及温度而异 Forward voltage varies by color, current & temperature – “色点”随着电流及温度而改变，其中红色及琥珀色LED的表现更明显 “Color point” shifts with current and
temperature, more pronounced with Red and Amber
交流 线路
AC Mains
非隔离或隔离型 电源转换
Non-Isolated or Isolated Power Conversion
驱动器
Driver
LED
• 驱动器的主要功能，就是在工作条件范围下限制电流，而无论输入条件和 输出正向电压如何变化 The primary function of a driver is to limit the current regardless of input
systems
10
LED排列
Arrangement of LEDs
• 强烈建议驱动单串LED，因为这样提供最佳的电流匹配，而与正 向电压变化和输出电压“漂移”无关 Driving single strings of LEDs is highly preferred
as it provides ideal current matching independent of forward voltage variation, Vout “floats”
–要考虑到人眼对不同波长光的敏感 度问题 Factors in human sensitivity to light of different
wavelengths
4
LED驱动的挑战 Challenges of Driving LEDs
全部是白光LED
All are White LEDs
Nichia Rigel NJSW036AT
Restaurants, Retail and
Services 48%
超过70%的电能用于住宅市场之外的领域
>70% of the Energy Usage is Outside of the Residential Market
Source: OSRAM
2
LED技术预测及影响
LED Technology Forecast and Impact
www.onsemi.cn
LED通用照明应用
LEDs in General Lighting Applications
作者：Bernie Weir
照明世界概览 World of Lighting
• 全世界约有20-22%的电能用于照明，其中40%是白炽灯照明，每 年消耗的电能达2,000太瓦时(TWh)(等于20,000亿千瓦时) ~ 20-22% of
surge
新系列的简单双端恒流稳压器(CCR) New
family of simple 2 terminal Constant Current Regulators (CCR)
• 20、25及35 mA电流 20, 25, and 35 mA current • SOT123及SOT223封装 SOT123 and SOT223
50%
40%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Operating Time (k hrs)
Courtesy LRC, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
• 所有传统光源的性能都会随着时间的推进而退化，即使LED也是如此 All
conventional light sources dim over time, even LEDs
•LED的Bin尺寸(x、y匹配)因供应商而异 Bin sizes (x,
y coordinates) varies by supplier
•亮度(光通量) Brightness (luminous flux)
–所有“光”输出至一个球面 All the “light” output
into a sphere
packages
• 最大工作电压45 V 45 V maximum operation
NSI45025
Biblioteka Baidu
110 V RMS, TP1 - 156 V P-P
115 Vac
25 mA 100 Ω
30 LEDs
TP2 - LEDs 108 V, 52% On Current probe 25 mA
12
LED驱动器基础知识 LED Driver Basics
• 标准光源失效(灯丝开路等) Standard light sources fail (open filament etc)
• 恰当设计的话，LED性能退化速度较温和 Properly designed LEDs dim gracefully
• 寿命终结(EOL)基于流明维持率(L70)，它是工作温度的一个函数 End of life is based
• 照明级LED设计适合高温工作 Lighting-class LEDs
are designed for high temp operation
• 典型热阻>350℃/W Rth >350 ºC/W typical • 典型热阻<10℃/W Rth <10 ºC/W typical
• 芯片结温度(TJ)与磷最终会烧坏自 • 采用良好散热设计的话，灯能够很好地保持
身 Chip (TJ) and phosphor can essentially cook
数据表中列出的参数 Lamp can stay within data sheet
themselves
parameters with good thermal design
7
LED的寿命 LED Lifetime
US DOE January 2009
3
LED光学特性
•染色性 Chromaticity
LED Optical Characteristics
•有些人定义为黑体曲线上或附近白色区域中的 “框” Some defined “box” in the white area on or near the Black Body Locus
• 光学考虑因素(窄或宽光束) Optics considerations (narrow or wide beam)
– 扩散板 Diffuser – 反射镜 Reflector
反射镜Reflector
并联 Parallel
串-并联 Series-Parallel
交叉连接 Cross connect
11
低电流驱动器示例
Example of a Low Current Driver
特性 Features
•交流电压增加时仍保持恒流 Constant current as AC
voltage increases
condition and forward voltage variation across a range of operating conditions
• 交流-直流电源转换与驱动器稳压能集成为单个驱动器或分为两个段 AC-DC
power conversion and driver regulation can be merged together into a single driver or separated into two stages
Thermal Path is Critical to LED Lifetime
5 mm LED
照明级LED
Lighting-class LED
无散热路径
No Thermal path
散热路径
Thermal path
• 5 mm灯几乎没有散热路径 5 mm
lamps have almost no thermal path
• LED排列方式及光源规范决定基本的驱动器要求 The arrangement of LEDs and the
luminaire specifications dictate the fundamental driver requirements
electrical energy is used for lighting of which 40% is for incandescent lighting, this represents 2000 TWh/year
Residential 28%
Industrial 16%
Streetlighting 8%
– 镜头 Lens
• 热密度及散热 Thermal density and heat removal
• 尺寸及灯具外观 Size and lit appearance
镜头 Lens
9
LED封装趋势 LED Packaging Trends
• 尺寸更小 Smaller size • 多个大功率芯片 Multi-high power chips • 多个较小芯片 Multi-small chips • 涂磷方法 Phosphor coatings methods • 更高瓦特数的封装 Higher wattage packages • 沉积硅树脂主镜头系统 Deposited silicone primary lens
• 用户确实也会采用并联/串联组合方式来配置LED Users do configure LEDs
in Parallel/Series combinations
–需要“匹配的”LED正向电压 Requires “matched” LED forward voltages –如果某个LED失效开路，其余LED可能会过驱动 –交叉连接和多路并联技术尝试减轻发生故障的风险并迫使两个 LED拥有相同电压 Cross connecting and multiple parallel techniques try to mitigate the
1) 驱动电流增加， 光通量也增加
Increasing drive current, increases flux
2) 电流越大，正向电压及功率也越大 Higher current, increases Vf & power
6
3
Seoul Semiconductor
Z1
散热路径对LED寿命至关重要
5
操作参数的关系 Operating Relationship
电气、光学及热学 Electrical, Optical & Thermal
1
Luxeon Rebel White
2
OSRAM Platinum Dragon
3) 功率越大则结温度升高， 从而降低光通量(光输出) Higher power raises Tj, reduces flux (light out)
on Lumen Maintenance (L70) which is a function of operating temperature
8
应用驱动LED选择
Application Drives LED Selection
• 照明的区域/图案？ What is the area/pattern to be lit?
110%
100%
Lumen Output (%)
90% 80% 70% 60%
100 W Incandescent 5mm LED 42W CFL 50 W Tungsten Halide 400 W Metal Halide 25 W T8 Fluorescent Lighting-class LED
•达到LED阈值电压后LED导通无延迟 No delay in
turn on after LED threshold voltage is reached
•低电压时LED保持明亮 Bright LEDs at low voltages •保持LED免受电压浪涌影响 LEDs protected from voltage
risk of a fault and force both LEDs to have the same voltage
串联 Series
一旦某个LED失效 开路，其余LED中 仅有一个的驱动电 流会翻倍 If a LED
fails open, only 1 LED will be have 2x the drive current
– 正向电压因颜色、电流及温度而异 Forward voltage varies by color, current & temperature – “色点”随着电流及温度而改变，其中红色及琥珀色LED的表现更明显 “Color point” shifts with current and
temperature, more pronounced with Red and Amber
交流 线路
AC Mains
非隔离或隔离型 电源转换
Non-Isolated or Isolated Power Conversion
驱动器
Driver
LED
• 驱动器的主要功能，就是在工作条件范围下限制电流，而无论输入条件和 输出正向电压如何变化 The primary function of a driver is to limit the current regardless of input
systems
10
LED排列
Arrangement of LEDs
• 强烈建议驱动单串LED，因为这样提供最佳的电流匹配，而与正 向电压变化和输出电压“漂移”无关 Driving single strings of LEDs is highly preferred
as it provides ideal current matching independent of forward voltage variation, Vout “floats”
–要考虑到人眼对不同波长光的敏感 度问题 Factors in human sensitivity to light of different
wavelengths
4
LED驱动的挑战 Challenges of Driving LEDs
全部是白光LED
All are White LEDs
Nichia Rigel NJSW036AT
Restaurants, Retail and
Services 48%
超过70%的电能用于住宅市场之外的领域
>70% of the Energy Usage is Outside of the Residential Market
Source: OSRAM
2
LED技术预测及影响
LED Technology Forecast and Impact
www.onsemi.cn
LED通用照明应用
LEDs in General Lighting Applications
作者：Bernie Weir
照明世界概览 World of Lighting
• 全世界约有20-22%的电能用于照明，其中40%是白炽灯照明，每 年消耗的电能达2,000太瓦时(TWh)(等于20,000亿千瓦时) ~ 20-22% of
surge
新系列的简单双端恒流稳压器(CCR) New
family of simple 2 terminal Constant Current Regulators (CCR)
• 20、25及35 mA电流 20, 25, and 35 mA current • SOT123及SOT223封装 SOT123 and SOT223
50%
40%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Operating Time (k hrs)
Courtesy LRC, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
• 所有传统光源的性能都会随着时间的推进而退化，即使LED也是如此 All
conventional light sources dim over time, even LEDs
•LED的Bin尺寸(x、y匹配)因供应商而异 Bin sizes (x,
y coordinates) varies by supplier
•亮度(光通量) Brightness (luminous flux)
–所有“光”输出至一个球面 All the “light” output
into a sphere
packages
• 最大工作电压45 V 45 V maximum operation
NSI45025
Biblioteka Baidu
110 V RMS, TP1 - 156 V P-P
115 Vac
25 mA 100 Ω
30 LEDs
TP2 - LEDs 108 V, 52% On Current probe 25 mA
12
LED驱动器基础知识 LED Driver Basics
• 标准光源失效(灯丝开路等) Standard light sources fail (open filament etc)
• 恰当设计的话，LED性能退化速度较温和 Properly designed LEDs dim gracefully
• 寿命终结(EOL)基于流明维持率(L70)，它是工作温度的一个函数 End of life is based
• 照明级LED设计适合高温工作 Lighting-class LEDs
are designed for high temp operation
• 典型热阻>350℃/W Rth >350 ºC/W typical • 典型热阻<10℃/W Rth <10 ºC/W typical
• 芯片结温度(TJ)与磷最终会烧坏自 • 采用良好散热设计的话，灯能够很好地保持
身 Chip (TJ) and phosphor can essentially cook
数据表中列出的参数 Lamp can stay within data sheet
themselves
parameters with good thermal design
7
LED的寿命 LED Lifetime
US DOE January 2009
3
LED光学特性
•染色性 Chromaticity
LED Optical Characteristics
•有些人定义为黑体曲线上或附近白色区域中的 “框” Some defined “box” in the white area on or near the Black Body Locus