camera 及原理

camera 设计及原理

Table of Content

camera 介绍System Architectures Sensor

Image Processing

Image Quality Test

System Architectures

Structure of CCM

Sensor

CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor )互补金属氧化物半导体

1.One charger one amplifier

2.Horizontal buffer

3.Sequence transfer

高集成可处理:自动增益控制

（AGC）、自动曝光控制

（AEC）、自动平衡（AMB）、

伽玛样正、背景补偿和自动黑

电平校正,同时有体积小、重

量轻、功耗低、集成度高、价

位低等优点

CCD (Charge Coupled Device )电荷偶合器

件

1.Final amplifier

2.Vertical and horizontal buffer

3.One time transfer

CCD图像传感器由于灵敏度高、

噪声低,逐步成为图像传感器的

主流。但由于工艺上的原因,敏

感元件和信号处理电路不能集成

在同一芯片上,造成由CCD图像

传感器组装的摄像机体积大、功

耗大

CMOS vs. CCD

Sensor Data Flow

Raw Data

YUV Data

Image Signal Processor (ISP)

Image Processing

CMOS SENSOR Block Diagram

SENSOR工作条件:

a. 电源

b. Clock

c. Reset

d. I2C

e. Power down

DSP Block Diagram

Test Item (1)

Test Item (2)

Test Condition

Depth of Field (I)

Depth of Field (II)

MTF(1)

Resolution (1)

Resolution (2)

Resolution (3)

Resolution (4)

1.Center MTF

2.Corner MTF

3.The difference of corner MTF

4.The depth of field

Blemish (1)

1.Blemish size

2.Blemish degree

Blemish Test (2)

Shading (1)

1.The image center shift

2.The corner brightness

Shading (2)

Color Bias & AWB (1)

1.The center white balance

2.The corner color bias

Color Bias & AWB (2) 14

Wound Pixels (1)

1.Testing environment

2.Wound pixels size

3.Wound pixels degree

Wound Pixels (2)

Black Noise (1)

1.The black noise environment

2.The black noise degree

Black Noise (2)

Gradation

Noise

Auto White Balance

Auto Exposure

Color I

⎥⎥⎥⎦

Color II

Color III

D e l t a L D e l t a A D e l t a B L^2+a^2+

b^2

a^2+b^2

4.3847-0.1471-

5.23014

6.601182

7.37558

-3.4037.0786.035398.1033486.52293 -5.76644.93361.376259.485726.23434 -1.258512.2495-13.7913341.834340.2502 -3.92864.76710.653538.586223.1523 -3.467-2.4345-0.545218.244126.224033

0.25910.7831-9.6312209.1023209.0353 -1.44421.43946.849651.0746148.98889 -2.92570.38641.497110.950332.390613

6.2414-

7.573812.7735259.4798220.5247

-3.5315.0428.6949113.491101.0231

0.182712.85491.7832168.4616168.4283

3.9857-9.128711.5108231.7175215.8317 -7.32175.7995-7.7939147.98649

4.37908 -2.0495-

5.9254-10.209143.5345139.334 -1.554112.915819.0686532.8446530.4294 -3.60030.7542

6.923661.4672148.50505 -

7.34336.1757-3.2624102.70664

8.78252

4.38424.602-0.54340.6944621.47325 -2.1561

5.20850.147431.7989727.1502 -4.8683.82961.323840.115711

6.41828 -3.90473.94970.739931.3942616.14758

3.32463.99252.068331.2708920.21792 15.31121.5136-0.1975236.76282.329991

D e l t a E2.852152.68593