初三英语语法总复习教案

初三英语总复习

一、名词：

1、名词的概念：名词是指表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称的词。

2、名词的分类：专有名词：China, Mike, English, the Great Wall…

普通名词：可数名词(有单、复数之分, 在可数名词单数之前要用a/an) table, life, tomato…

不可数名词（无复数形式）food, duty, news, knowledge…

3、可数名词复数的构成：

⑴一般情况是在名词后加-s

⑵以s, x, sh, ch结尾的加-es

⑶以辅音字母+ y结尾的，要变y为i再加-es，如：city -- family –

以元音字母(Aa ,Ee, Ii, Oo, Uu )+ y结尾的，加-s, 如：boy--

⑷以 f /fe 结尾的变f/fe为v再加-es，如：half-- self-- shelf--

leaf-- knife-- wife-- life--

⑸以o结尾的，只有tomato和potato是加-es，其余的都加-s，如：photo--

radio-- kilo-- zero-- zoo--

⑹特殊情况：man-- woman-- policeman--

Englishman-- Frenchman-- 但：German--

child-- foot-- tooth--

⑺单、复同形：Chinese-- Japanese-- sheep--

⑻形式上是单数，实际上表复数概念：people，police

如：The people / police are working hard.

⑼有两种形式的：fish作“鱼”时，可数，其复数是fish或fishes

作“鱼肉”时，不可数。

⑽复合名词的复数形式：man player--men players ，woman doctor--women doctors ，apple tree--apple trees

of… , some , much , so much ,

4、不可数名词：无复数形式，不能与 a /an或数词连用，必须用 a cup of… , a piece of …, a pair

等表数量。如：much work, a little money, two bags of rice…

too much , little , a little , a lot of , lots of…

注：一条裤子 a pair of trousers is…　The trousers are…

一双袜子/鞋子 a pair of socks / shoes is…　My new s hoes are…

一副眼镜 a pair of glasses is…　

数杯橘子汁glasses of oranges 数张纸pieces of paper

如果这些短语中需要用形容词，形容词应该放在冠词后。

a full bottle of milk ten big pieces of paper

如果…of 短语后的名词为可数名词时，必须用复数。

a bag of book s a basket of apples a box of pens

5、名词的所有格：

book

⑴单数名词的所有格：①加’s the student’ｓ

②以s结尾的单词, 加’James’ book

⑵复数名词的所有格：①以s结尾的, 加’the students’ books

a few years’ time twenty minute s’ walk

shoes

dolls men’ｓ

②不以结尾的,加’ｓchildren’ｓ

is

⑶以and连接的：①共同拥有，共同一个’s Lily and Lucy’s father

s

②分别拥有，每个名词后加’s Li Lei’s and Jim’s father

⑷无生命名词的所有格：①表时间、距离、重量、世界、国家、城镇等的加’s 或s’

China’s capital ,(in) today’s newspaper

an hour’s walk , ten minutes’ talk ,

world’s population

②用of短语。（语序与汉语不一致）

a picture of my family , the classroom of our school , teachers of Class 1

⑸双重所有格： a friend of my brother’s a new photo of mine

an old friend of Kate’s some flowers of hers

the name of her cat

⑹表“在……办公室”“在……店/家”的名词所有格后面的名词常省去：

at the doctor’ｓin Uncle Wang’ｓin the teachers’

二、代词：

⑴人称代词、物主代词、反身代词

第一人称第二人称第三人称

单数复数单、复一样单数复数

人称主格I we you he /she / it they

代词宾格me us you him / her / it them

物主形容词性

my our your his / her / its their

物主代词

代词名词性物

mine ours yours his / hers / its theirs

主代词

反身myself ourselves yourself himself themselves

代词yourselves herself / itself

注：1）主格作主语，放在句首。如果主语是几个并列代词时，You最前，I最后（你在前，我在后）。如：You, he and I 但在表抱歉的句子中，I放在前，如：Sorry, I and Li Lei broke the glasses.

are …　

2）宾格作宾语，放在动词、介词后。放在动、副短语的之间。如：These are your things. Please put them away.

3）形容词性物主代词后必须加名词。

4）名词性物主代词后不能加名词，但相当于形容词性物主代词+名词。如：my book = mine his book = his her book = hers

5）反身代词于动词、介词后作宾语。如：She teaches herself English.

She learns English by herself.

于句末加强语气，“亲自”。如：You’ll see it yourself.

于主语后作同位语。如：He himself did it.

于固定短语中。如：enjoy oneself=have a good time=play happily

be alone = all by oneself

teach oneself sth. = learn sth. (all) by oneself

leave sb. by oneself

help oneself to sth.

⑵指示代词：近指this →复these

远指that →复those

注：1）打电话时用this 代替自己，that 代替对方。

如：Hello! This is …. Is that …speaking?

2）that / those可以用来代替前面提到过的人或物。

如：This story is more interesting than that one.

⑶疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词：

指人：who(主语) whom(宾语) whose(谁的)

指物：what who’s(谁是)

指人/物：which

. →Whose is the bag on the desk?

注：1）The bag on the desk is Lucy’ｓ

b ag is on the desk. →Whose bag is on the desk?

Lucy’ｓ

2）What也可对人的职业、身份提问：What do you do? = What are you?

What does she do? = What is she?

3）对某人的身高胖瘦提问用What：He is thin and tall.

→What is he like?

⑷不定代词：

①some 用于肯定句和表请求、征求意见的疑问句，如：Could you give me some…？

Would you like som e…？