浅谈有中国特色的词汇及其英译
生态翻译视角的中国特色词汇英译
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生态翻译视角的中国特色词汇英译中国特色词汇的英译,从生态翻译视角来看,涉及到中国特有的环境、自然和文化背景。
下面是一些常见的中国特色词汇及其英译:2. 生态文明(Ecological Civilization):这个词强调了生态环境与经济社会发展之间的关系,提倡可持续发展和环境保护。
3. 生态系统(Ecological System):这个词指的是由生物群落、生物间的相互作用以及它们与环境之间的关系所构成的系统。
4. 生态承载力(Ecological Carrying Capacity):这个词指的是生态系统能够承受的人类利用压力和环境影响的最大程度。
5. 生态保护红线(Ecological Conservation Red Line):这个词指的是划定的一条约束城市和农村发展的界限,目的是保护重要生态功能区和生态环境。
6. 野生动植物保护区(Wildlife Sanctuary):这个词指的是为了保护野生动植物栖息地和开展科学研究而划定的特定区域。
8. 生物多样性(Biodiversity):这个词指的是一定地区或生态系统中不同物种的多样性以及它们之间的相互关系。
9. 农田水利(Farmland Irrigation):这个词指的是用于农业灌溉的人工给水系统,保障农作物的水分需求。
10. 绿色发展(Green Development):这个词指的是在保护环境的前提下,推动经济社会可持续发展的发展模式。
11. 生态农业(Ecological Agriculture):这个词指的是利用自然生态规律,最大限度地保护和利用农业生态系统的发展方式。
12. 生物能源(Bioenergy):这个词指的是通过利用生物质资源,将其转化为可再生能源的过程和产物。
这些词汇反映了中国在生态环境保护和可持续发展方面的特色和成就。
生态翻译需要理解这些词汇背后的文化内涵和环境意义,以便更准确地传达给国际社会。
生态翻译视角的中国特色词汇英译
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生态翻译视角的中国特色词汇英译随着环保意识的提升和生态保护的日益重要,越来越多的中国特色词汇开始被广泛使用。
因此,为了更好地理解和交流,翻译人员需要掌握这些词汇的英文表达。
以下是一些重要的中国特色词汇及其英文翻译。
1. 绿色发展 Green Development绿色发展是生态文明建设的重要理念之一,它强调资源节约、环境保护和经济发展的协调发展。
2. 生态保护 Ecological Conservation生态保护是指保护、恢复和优化自然生态系统,保护生物多样性和维护生态平衡。
3. 碳排放 Carbon Emissions碳排放是指工业生产、交通运输和能源消费等活动所排放的二氧化碳等温室气体。
4. 碳减排 Carbon Reduction碳减排是指通过降低碳排放来解决气候变化的问题,包括使用清洁能源和加强节能等方法。
6. 生态文明 Ecological Civilization生态文明是指人与自然和谐共处的一种理念和生活方式,旨在提高生态环境保护和可持续发展的意识。
7. 低碳经济 Low-carbon Economy低碳经济是指通过优化产业结构、提高资源利用效率和减少碳排放等方式,实现经济发展和环境保护的协调发展。
8. 可再生能源 Renewable Energy可再生能源是指通过自然循环流程能够被无限制生产的清洁能源,如风能、太阳能、水能和生物能。
9. 生态系统 Ecosystem生态系统是指由生物群落、环境和自然资源等有机联系在一起的复杂系统,能够自主运行和自我调节。
10. 生物多样性 Biodiversity生物多样性是指地球上所有的生物种类和它们所居住的生境之间的复杂相互关系,是保护生态系统和生态平衡的重要基础之一。
11. 环境保护 Environmental Protection环境保护是指采取各种措施来保护和改善人类生存的自然环境,包括减少污染、降低碳排放和节约资源等。
12. 生态农业 Ecological Agriculture生态农业是一种注重生态保护和资源利用效率高的农业模式,采用无污染的有机农业和绿色粮食生产等方法。
中国特色词汇英译
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1、中国意念词(Chinesenesses)八卦trigram阴、阳yin, yang道Dao(cf. logo)江湖(世界)the jianghu World (the traits’world)e.g. You can’t control everything in a traits’world. (人在江湖,身不由己)道Daoism(Taoism)上火excessive internal heat儒学Confucianism红学(《红楼梦》研究)redology世外桃源Shangri-la or Arcadia开放kaifang (Chinese openness to the outside world)大锅饭getting an equal share regardless of the work done伤痕文学scar literature or the literature of the wounded不搞一刀切no imposing uniformity on …合乎国情,顺乎民意to conform with the national conditions and the will of the people 乱摊派,乱收费imposition of arbitrary quotas and service charge铁交椅iron (lifetime) post’s; guaranteed leading post脱贫to shake off poverty; anti-poverty治则兴,乱则衰Order leads to prosperity and chaos to decline2 、中华民族的喜庆节日(Chinese Festivial)国庆节National Day中秋节Mia-Autumn Festival春节Spring Festival元宵节Lantern Festival儿童节Children’s Day端午节Dragon Boat Festival妇女节Women’s Day泼水节Water-Splashing Day教师节Teachers’Day五四青年节Youth Day3、中国独特的传统饮食(Unique Traditional Chinese Foods)馄饨 wonton锅贴 guotie (fried jiaozi)花卷 steamed twisted rolls套餐 set meal盒饭 box lunch; Chinese take-away米豆腐 rice tofu魔芋豆腐 konjak tofu米粉 rice noodles冰糖葫芦 a stick of sugar-coated haws (or apples,etc.)火锅 chafing dish八宝饭 eight-treasure rice pudding粉丝 glass noodles豆腐脑 jellied bean curd4 、中国新兴事物(Newly Sprouted Things)中国电信 China Telecom中国移动 China Mobile十五计划 the 10th Five-Year Plan中国电脑联网 Chinanet三峡工程 the Three Gorges Project希望工程 Project Hope京九铁路 Beijing CKowloon Railway扶贫工程 Anti-Poverty Project菜篮子工程 Vegetable Basket Project温饱工程 Decent-Life Project安居工程 Economy Housing Project扫黄 Porn-Purging Campaign西部大开发 Go-West Campaign5 、特有的一些汉语词汇禅宗 Zen Buddhism禅 dhyana; dhgaya混沌 chaos道 Daosim, the way and its power四谛 Four Noble Truth八正道 Eightfold Path无常 anity五行说 Theory of Five Elements无我 anatman坐禅 metta or transcendental meditation空 sunyata虚无 nothingness双喜 double happiness(中),a doubled stroke of luck(英) 小品 witty skits相声 cross-talk噱头;掉包袱 gimmick, stunt夜猫子 night people; night-owls本命年 this animal year of sb.处世之道 philosophy of life姻缘 yinyuan(prefixed fate of marriage)还愿 redeem a wish (vows)6 、具有文化特色的现代表述大陆中国 Mainland China红宝书 little red book红色中国 socialist China四化 Four Modernizations终生职业 job-for-life铁饭碗 iron rice bowl大锅饭 communal pot关系户 closely-related units外出打工人员 migrant workers关系网 personal nets, closely-knitted guild五讲(讲文明、讲礼貌、讲卫生、讲秩序、讲道德):the Five Merits focus on decorum, manners, hygiene, disciplines and morals四美(心灵美、语言美、行为美、环境美): the Four Virtues are golden heart, refined language, civilized behavior, and green environment7 、中国古代独特事物(Unique Ancient Chinese Items)宣纸 rice paper衙门 yamen叩头 kowtow孔子Confucius牌楼 pailou;pai-loo武术 wushu(Chinese Martial Arts)功夫 kungfu ;kung fu中庸 the way of medium (cf. Golden Means)中和 harmony (zhonghe)孝顺 to show filial obedience孝子 dutiful son家长 family head三纲:君为臣纲,父为子纲,夫为妻纲 three cardinal guides: ruler guides subject, father guides son husband guides wife五常:仁、义、理、智、信 five constant virtues: benevolence (humanity), righteousness, propriety, wisdom and fidelity八股文 eight-legged essays多子多福:The more sons/children, the more blessing/ great happiness养儿防老:raising sons to support one in one’s old age8、近一季度见诸报端的中国现代特色词汇翻译基层监督 grass-roots supervision基础税率 base tariff level婚介所 matrimonial agency婚外恋 extramarital love婚纱摄影 bride photo黑心棉 shoddy cotton机器阅卷 machine scoring即开型奖券 scratch-open ticket/lottery集中精力把经济建设搞上去 go all out for economic development价格听证会 public price hearings甲A球队 Division A Soccer Team家政服务 household management service加强舆论监督 ensure the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion假帐 accounting fraud叫板 challenge; pick a quarrel矫情 use lame arguments渐进式台独 gradual Taiwan independence借调 temporarily transfer扩大中等收入者比重 Raise the proportion of the middle-income group.扩大内需,刺激消费expand domestic demand and consumption馄饨 wonton锅贴 guotie (fried jiaozi)花卷 steamed twisted rolls套餐 set meal盒饭 box lunch米豆腐 rice tofu魔芋豆腐 konjak tofu米粉 rice noodles冰糖葫芦 a stick of sugar-coated haws (or apples,etc.)火锅 chafing dish八宝饭 eight-treasure rice pudding粉丝 glass noodles豆腐脑 jellied bean curd中国新兴事物(Newly Sprouted Things)中国电信 China Telecom中国移动 China Mobile十五计划 the 10th Five-Year Plan中国电脑联网 Chinanet三峡工程 the Three Gorges Project希望工程 Project Hope京九铁路 Beijing –Kowloon Railway扶贫工程 Anti-Poverty Project菜篮子工程 Vegetable Basket Project温饱工程 Decent-Life Project安居工程 Economy Housing Project扫黄 Porn-Purging Campaign西部大开发 Go-West Campaign具有文化特色的现代表述大陆中国 Mainland China红宝书 little red book红色中国 socialist China四化 Four Modernizations终生职业 job-for-life铁饭碗 iron rice bowl大锅饭 communal pot关系户 closely-related units外出打工人员 migrant workers关系网 personal nets, closely-knitted guild五讲(讲文明、讲礼貌、讲卫生、讲秩序、讲道德):the Five Merits focus on decorum,manners, hygiene,disciplines and morals四美(心灵美、语言美、行为美、环境美): the Four Virtues are golden heart, refined language, civilized behavior, and green environment近一季度见诸报端的中国现代特色词汇翻译基层监督 grass-roots supervision基础税率 base tariff level婚介所 matrimonial agency婚外恋 extramarital love婚纱摄影 bride photo黑心棉 shoddy cotton机器阅卷 machine scoring即开型奖券 scratch-open ticket/lottery集中精力把经济建设搞上去 go all out for economic development价格听证会 public price hearings甲A球队 Division A Soccer Team家政服务 household management service加强舆论监督 ensure the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion 假帐 accounting fraud叫板 challenge; pick a quarrel矫情 use lame arguments渐进式台独 gradual Taiwan independence借调 temporarily transfer扩大中等收入者比重 Raise the proportion of the middle-income group.扩大内需,刺激消费expand domestic demand and consumption安居工程 housing project for low-income urban residents信息化 information-based&#59; informationization智力密集型 concentration of brain power&#59; knowledge-intensive外资企业 overseas-funded enterprises下岗职工 laid-off workers分流 reposition of redundant personnel三角债 chain debts素质教育 education for all-round development豆腐渣工程 jerry-built projects社会治安情况 law-and-order situation民族国家 nation state“台独” "independence of Taiwan"台湾当局 Taiwan authorities台湾同胞 Taiwan coMPAtriots台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分。
生态翻译视角的中国特色词汇英译
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生态翻译视角的中国特色词汇英译
中国特色词汇是指在中国特定文化环境下产生的、以汉语为主要表达媒介的独特词汇。
这些词汇通常对中国人民的精神风貌、文化习俗、历史传统等方面有着深刻的体现。
在生
态翻译领域,也有一些以中国特色为主题的词汇需要进行英译。
下面是一些常见的生态翻
译视角的中国特色词汇及其英译。
1. 水土保持: Soil and water conservation
3. 四化: Four modernizations (agriculture, industry, national defense, and science and technology)
4. 可再生能源: Renewable energy
6. 碳排放: Carbon emissions
7. 生态农业: Ecological agriculture
9. 生命周期评价: Life cycle assessment
13. 生态系统: Ecosystem
19. 生物多样性: Biodiversity
20. 土壤侵蚀: Soil erosion
21. 森林覆盖率: Forest coverage rate
23. 大气污染: Air pollution
25. 土地退化: Land degradation
26. 绿色发展: Green development
29. 恶劣天气: Severe weather
这些词汇从不同角度反映了中国在生态环境保护和可持续发展方面的独特实践和理念。
英译时,应尽量保持词汇的原意和特色,并符合英语表达习惯。
汉译英常用分类词汇——中国文化
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汉译英常用分类词汇——中国文化概述general terms集体主义collectivism爱国主义精神patriotism诚实守信honesty公民道德建设实施纲要The Program for Improving Civic Morality弘扬主旋律,提倡多样化highlight the central theme of the times whileencouraging diversity全民健身运动nationwide fitness campaign社会公德,职业道德和家庭美德教育education in social and professional ethics andfamily virtues为人民服务serving the people深入群众,深入生活go deep among the masses and into the thick of life奉献无愧于时代的作品contribute to the people works worthy of the times中华文明博大精深,源远流长。
The Chinese civilization is extensive and profound, and has a long history.重要文化遗产major cultural heritage优秀民间艺术outstanding folk arts自立于世界民族之林stand proudly in the family of nations一、传统节日风俗文化三节(中国的三天传统节日:端午节、中秋节和春节)the three Chinese traditional festivals—Dragon-Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival and Spring Festival1. 春节Spring Festival/ Chinese New Year大扫除 year-end household cleaning扎花灯焰火make ornamental lanterns and fireworks烧纸钱burn paper coins/ burn paper money烧香burn incenses in a censer除夕New Year’s Eve春联Spring Festival couplets (conveying best wishes for the year)年画New Year picture年夜饭family reunion dinner on Lunar New Year’s Eve压岁钱 New-Year Money/money given to children as a Lunar New Year gift爆竹firecracker鞭炮 a string of small firecrackers辞旧迎新 bid farewell to the old and usher in the new ; ring out the old year and ring in the new饺子dumplings (with meat and vegetable stuffing)拜年paying a New Year call贺年片 New Year film恭喜发财 May you be prosperous! / Wish you all the best!2. 元宵节 Lantern Festival元宵sweet rice-flour dumplings (eaten on the Lantern Festival)庙会temple fair观灯viewing the lanterns灯谜lantern riddles龙灯舞 dragon lantern dance狮子舞lion dance秧歌舞yangge dance植树节 Tree-planting Day3. 清明节 Tomb-sweeping Festival/ Tomb-sweeping Day/ Ch’ing Ming Festival 扫墓 paying respect to the dead《清明上河图》 A Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival4. 端午节 Dragon Boat Festiva l Duanwu Festival赛龙舟dragon-boat race粽子zongji/ glutinous rice wrapped in a pyramid shape dumpling in reed leaves5. 七夕节Double-seventh Festival6. 中秋节Mid-autumn Festival赏月enjoying the full moon月饼moon cake团圆be united7. 重阳节 Double-ninth Festival登高hill climbing饮酒wine drinking赏菊enjoying chrysanthemum吃糕eating cakes (糕与“高”谐音)国庆节National Day8. 冬至the winter solstice 冬至饭winter solstice dinner9. 立春the Beginning of Spring/ early spring10. 秋老虎autumn tiger11. 芒种节Festival of Grain in Ear12. 春分Rain Begins13. 白露White Dew14. 霜降Frost Falls15. 小雪Slight Snow放风筝图的是这一乐,所以说放晦气。
中国特色文化词汇及段落英译
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常用的中国文化特色英译词汇风水:Fengshui; geomantic omen阳历:solar calendar阴历:lunar calendar闰年:leap year十二生肖:zodiac春节:the Spring Festival元宵节:the Lantern Festival清明节:the Tomb-sweeping Day端午节:the Dragon-boat Festival中秋节:the Mid-autumn Day重阳节:the Double-ninth Day七夕节:the Double-seventh Day春联:spring couplets春运:the Spring Festival travel把中国的汉字“福”字倒贴在门上(听起来像是福到)预示新年有好运:turn the Chinese character forluck (fu) upside down to make “dao”(which sou nds like arrival) and put it on your door to bringin good fortune for the new y ear庙会:temple fair爆竹:firecracker年画:(traditional) New Year pictures压岁钱:New Year gift-money舞龙:dragon dance舞狮:lion dance元宵:sweet sticky rice dumplings花灯:festival lantern灯谜:lantern riddle食物对于中国佳节来说至关重要,但甜食对于农历新年特别重要,因为他们能让新的一年更加甜蜜。
Food is central to all Chines festivals, but sugary snacks are especially import ant for LunarNew Year, since they sweetne up prospects for the coming year.传统的佳节食物包括年糕、八宝饭、饺子、果脯和瓜子。
中国特色新词英译现状及其翻译策略
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中国特色新词英译现状及其翻译策略一、本文概述随着中国的快速发展和国际地位的提升,中国特色新词的数量和影响力也在日益增强。
这些新词反映了中国社会的变迁、科技的进步以及文化的创新,为国际交流提供了丰富的词汇资源。
然而,如何准确、恰当地将这些新词翻译成英文,成为了当前翻译领域面临的一大挑战。
本文旨在探讨中国特色新词英译的现状及其翻译策略,以期为中国特色新词的英译提供有益的参考和启示。
本文将对中国特色新词的定义、来源和分类进行概述,明确研究范围和对象。
接着,通过分析当前中国特色新词英译的现状,揭示存在的问题和不足。
在此基础上,本文将深入探讨中国特色新词英译的翻译策略,包括直译、意译、音译、借译等多种方法,并结合具体案例进行分析和评价。
本文将对中国特色新词英译的未来发展趋势进行展望,提出相应的建议和思考。
通过本文的研究,旨在为中国特色新词的英译提供更为准确、规范和有效的翻译方法和策略,促进中国特色文化在国际舞台上的传播和交流。
也期望能够引起更多学者和翻译工作者的关注和研究,共同推动中国特色新词英译事业的发展。
二、中国特色新词的概念及分类中国特色新词,顾名思义,指的是那些具有中国文化特色、反映中国社会、经济、科技发展以及人民日常生活变化的新词汇。
这些词汇通常源于汉语的创新词汇、外来语的音译或意译、以及网络流行语等。
这些新词不仅反映了中国社会的快速发展和变迁,也丰富了汉语的词汇库,为语言的发展注入了新的活力。
创新词汇:这类词汇是基于汉语自身的构词规则和语义演变而产生的。
例如,“互联网+”“一带一路”“供给侧改革”等,这些词汇都是基于中国特有的政策、经济或社会现象而产生的。
外来语音译:随着中国与世界的交流日益频繁,许多外来词汇被引入汉语,并通过音译的方式转化为中文词汇。
例如,“咖啡”(coffee)、“披萨”(pizza)、“迪斯科”(disco)等。
外来语意译:除了音译外,许多外来词汇也被直接意译为中文,以保持其原有的含义。
【优质】中国古代传统文化翻译-中国特色词汇英语翻译
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中国古代传统文化翻译-中国特色词汇英语翻译(黄色背景的建议记忆,其他了解)1. 元宵节:Lantern Festival2. 刺绣:embroidery3. 重阳节:Double-Ninth Festival4. 清明节:Tomb sweeping day5. 剪纸:Paper Cutting6. 书法:Calligraphy7. 对联:(Spring Festival) Couplets8. 象形文字:Pictograms/Pictographic Characters9. 人才流动:Brain Drain/Brain Flow10. 四合院:Siheyuan/Quadrangle11. 战国:Warring States12. 风水:Fengshui/Geomantic Omen13. 铁饭碗:Iron Bowl14. 函授部:The Correspondence Department15. 集体舞:Group Dance16. 黄土高原:Loess Plateau17. 红白喜事:Weddings and Funerals18. 中秋节:Mid-Autumn Day19. 结婚证:Marriage Certificate20. 儒家文化:Confucian Culture21. 附属学校:Affiliated school22. 古装片:Costume Drama23. 武打片:Chinese Swordplay Movie24. 元宵:Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling25. 一国两制:One Country, Two Systems26. 火锅:Hot Pot27. 四人帮:Gang of Four28. 《诗经》:The Book of Songs29. 素质教育:Essential-qualities-oriented Education30. 《史记》:Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian31. 大跃进:Great Leap Forward (Movement)32. 《西游记》:The Journey to the West33. 除夕:Chinese New Year’s Eve/Eve of the Spring Festival34. 针灸:Acupuncture35. 唐三彩:Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty/ The Tang Tri-colored pottery36. 中国特色的社会主义:Chinese-charactered Socialist/Socialist with Chinese characteristics37. 偏旁:radical38. 孟子:Mencius39. 亭/阁:Pavilion/ Attic40. 大中型国有企业:Large and Medium-sized State-owned Enterprises41. 火药:gunpowder42. 农历:Lunar Calendar43. 印/玺:Seal/Stamp44. 物质精神文明建设:The Construction of Material Civilization and Spiritual Civilization45. 京剧:Beijing Opera/Peking Opera46. 秦腔:Crying of Qin People/Qin Opera47. 太极拳:Tai Chi48. 独生子女证:The Certificate of One-child49. 天坛:Altar of Heaven in Beijing50. 小吃摊:Snack Bar/Snack Stand51. 红双喜:Double Happiness52. 政治辅导员:Political Counselor/School Counselor53. 春卷:Spring Roll(s)54. 莲藕:Lotus Root55. 追星族:Star Struck56. 故宫博物院:The Palace Museum57. 相声:Cross-talk/Comic Dialogue58. 下岗:Lay off/Laid off59. 北京烤鸭:Beijing Roast Duck60. 高等自学考试:Self-taught Examination of Higher Education61. 烟花爆竹:fireworks and firecracker62. 敦煌莫高窟:Mogao Caves63. 电视小品:TV Sketch/TV Skit64. 香港澳门同胞:Compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao65. 文化大革命:Cultural Revolution66. 长江中下游地区:The Mid-low Reaches of Yangtze River67. 门当户对:Perfect Match/Exact Match68. 《水浒》:Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh69. 中外合资企业:Joint Ventures70. 文房四宝(笔墨纸砚):"The Four Treasure of the Study" "Brush, Inkstick, Paper, and Inkstone"1、中国意念词(Chinesenesses)八卦trigram阴、阳yin, yang道Dao(cf. logo)江湖(世界)the jianghu World (the traits’world)e.g. You can’t control everything in a traits’world. (人在江湖,身不由己)道Daoism(Taoism)上火excessive internal heat儒学Confucianism红学(《红楼梦》研究)redology世外桃源Shangri-la or Arcadia开放kaifang (Chinese openness to the outside world)大锅饭getting an equal share regardless of the work done伤痕文学scar literature or the literature of the wounded不搞一刀切no imposing uniformity on …合乎国情,顺乎民意to conform with the national conditions and the will of the people 乱摊派,乱收费imposition of arbitrary quotas and service charge铁交椅iron (lifetime) post’s; guaranteed leading post脱贫to shake off poverty; anti-poverty治则兴,乱则衰Order leads to prosperity and chaos to decline2 、中华民族的喜庆节日(Chinese Festivial)国庆节National Day中秋节Mia-Autumn Festival春节Spring Festival元宵节Lantern Festival儿童节Children’s Day端午节Dragon Boat Festival妇女节Women’s Day泼水节Water-Splashing Day五四青年节Youth Day3、中国独特的传统饮食(Unique Traditional Chinese Foods)馄饨wonton花卷steamed twisted rolls套餐set meal盒饭box lunch; Chinese take-away米豆腐rice tofu魔芋豆腐konjak tofu米粉rice noodles冰糖葫芦a stick of sugar-coated haws (or apples,etc.)粉丝glass noodles豆腐脑jellied bean curd4 、中国新兴事物(Newly Sprouted Things)中国电信China Telecom中国移动China Mobile十五计划the 10th Five-Year Plan中国电脑联网Chinanet三峡工程the Three Gorges Project希望工程Project Hope京九铁路Beijing CKowloon Railway扶贫工程Anti-Poverty Project菜篮子工程Vegetable Basket Project温饱工程Decent-Life Project安居工程Economy Housing Project扫黄Porn-Purging Campaign西部大开发Go-West Campaign5 、特有的一些汉语词汇禅宗Zen Buddhism禅dhyana; dhgaya混沌chaos道Daosim, the way and its power四谛Four Noble Truth八正道Eightfold Path无常anity五行说Theory of Five Elements无我anatman坐禅metta or transcendental meditation空sunyata虚无nothingness双喜double happiness(中),a doubled stroke of luck(英)小品witty skits相声cross-talk噱头;掉包袱gimmick, stunt夜猫子night people; night-owls本命年this animal year of sb.处世之道philosophy of life姻缘yinyuan(prefixed fate of marriage)还愿redeem a wish (vows)6 、具有文化特色的现代表述大陆中国Mainland China红色中国socialist China四化Four Modernizations终生职业job-for-life铁饭碗iron rice bowl大锅饭communal pot关系户closely-related units外出打工人员migrant workers关系网personal nets, closely-knitted guild五讲(讲文明、讲礼貌、讲卫生、讲秩序、讲道德):the Five Merits focus on decorum, manners, hygiene, disciplines and morals四美(心灵美、语言美、行为美、环境美):the Four Virtues are golden heart, refined language,civilized behavior, and green environment7 、中国古代独特事物(Unique Ancient Chinese Items)宣纸rice paper衙门yamen叩头kowtow孔子Confucius武术wushu(Chinese Martial Arts)功夫kungfu ;kung fu中庸the way of medium (cf. Golden Means)中和harmony (zhonghe)孝顺to show filial obedience孝子dutiful son家长family head三纲:君为臣纲,父为子纲,夫为妻纲three cardinal guides: ruler guides subject, father guides son husband guides wife五常:仁、义、理、智、信five constant virtues: benevolence (humanity), righteousness, propriety, wisdom and fidelity八股文eight-legged essays多子多福:The more sons/children, the more blessing/ great happiness养儿防老:raising sons to support one in one’s old age8、近一季度见诸报端的中国现代特色词汇翻译基层监督grass-roots supervision基础税率base tariff level婚介所matrimonial agency婚外恋extramarital love婚纱摄影bride photo黑心棉shoddy cotton机器阅卷machine scoring即开型奖券scratch-open ticket/lottery集中精力把经济建设搞上去go all out for economic development价格听证会public price hearings甲A球队Division A Soccer Team家政服务household management service加强舆论监督ensure the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion假帐accounting fraud叫板challenge; pick a quarrel矫情use lame arguments借调temporarily transfer渐进式台独gradual Taiwan independence扩大中等收入者比重Raise the proportion of the middle-income group.扩大内需,刺激消费expand domestic demand and consumption安居工程housing project for low-income urban residents智力密集型concentration of brain power; knowledge-intensive外资企业overseas-funded enterprises下岗职工laid-off workers分流reposition of redundant personnel三角债chain debts素质教育education for all-round development豆腐渣工程jerry-built projects社会治安情况law-and-order situation民族国家nation state“台独”"independence of Taiwan"台湾当局Taiwan authorities台湾同胞Taiwan compatriots台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分。
中国特色词汇及其英译
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宣纸rice paper衙门yamen叩头kowtow孔子Confucius牌楼pailou;pai-loo武术wushu(Chinese Martial Arts)功夫kungfu ;kung fu中庸the way of medium (cf. Golden Means)中和harmony (zhonghe)孝顺to show filial obedience孝子dutiful son家长family head三纲:君为臣纲,父为子纲,夫为妻纲three cardinal guides: ruler guides subject, father guides son, husband guides wife五常:仁、义、理、智、信five constant virtues: benevolence (humanity), righteousness, propriety, wisdom and fidelity八股文eight-legged essays多子多福:The more sons/children, the more blessing/ great happiness养儿防老:raising sons to support one in one's old ageThe 24 Solar Terms:立春Spring begins.雨水The rains.惊蛰Insects awaken.春分Vernal Equinox清明Clear and bright.谷雨Grain rain.立夏Summer begins.小满Grain buds.芒种Grain in ear.夏至Summer solstice.小暑Slight heat.大暑Great heat.立秋Autumn begins.处暑Stopping the heat.白露White dews.秋分Autumn Equinox.寒露Cold dews.霜降Hoar-frost falls.立冬Winter begins.小雪Light snow.大雪Heavy snow.冬至Winter Solstice.小寒Slight cold.大寒Great cold戏剧表演Theatrical Performances京剧人物脸谱types of facial makeup in Beijing opera 生male characters末middle-aged male characters净“painted face” characters旦female characters丑clown京剧票友amateur performer of Peking Opera木偶戏puppet show独角戏monodrama; one-man play皮影戏shadow play; leather-silhouette show折子戏opera highlights戏剧小品skit哑剧dumb show; mime; mummery; pantomime单口相声monologue comic talk双口相声witty dialogue口技vocal imitations; ventriloquisim说书monologue story-telling杂技acrobatic performance叠罗汉making a human pyramid特技stunt踩高跷stilt walk马戏circus performances神化人物Mythological Figures八仙the Eight Immortals嫦娥Chang’e (the Chinese moon godd ess)伏羲Fu Xi (God of Fishery and Husbandry)福禄寿三星the three gods of fortune, prosperity and longevity共工God of Water后羿Houyi (a legendary hero who shot down nine suns)黄帝Yellow Emperor夸父Kuafu (a fabled sun-chasing giant)女娲Goddess of Sky-patching盘古Pan Gu (creator of the universe)神农Patron of Agriculture禹Yu (the reputed founder of the Xia Dynasty)祝融God of Fire古代建筑Ancient Architecture塔pagoda琉璃塔glazed stupa舍利塔dagoba; sarira stupa (a pagoda for Buddhist relics)舍利子sarira remains from cremation of Buddha’s or saints’ body 喇嘛塔Lamaist pagoda楼storied buildings钟楼bell tower鼓楼drum tower阁pavilion烽火台beacon tower华表ornamental column牌坊memorial archway艺术及工艺Arts and Crafts版画engraving贝雕画shell carving picture彩塑painted sculpture瓷器porcelain; china刺绣embroidery雕刻carving宫灯palace lantern国画Chinese painting剪纸paper-cut景德镇瓷Jingdezhen porcelain景泰蓝cloisonné enamel蜡染batik麦秸画straw patchwork木/石/竹刻wood/stone/bamboo carving木刻画wood engraving泥人儿clay figure皮影shadow puppet漆画lacquer painting漆器lacquerware双面绣two-sided embroidery水墨画Chinese brush drawing; ink and wash painting檀香扇sandalwood fan唐三彩Tang tri-coloured pottery陶器pottery; earthenware图章seal拓碑making rubbings from inscriptions, pictures, etc. on stone tablets 拓片rubbing微雕miniature engraving象牙雕刻ivory carving宜兴陶Yixing pottery篆刻sealcutting中国特色词汇及其英译作者:未知文章来源:转载点击数:1300 时间:2010-12-29 18:33:50一、前言英语从它传入中国的第一天开始就发挥着强大的交流作用,同时也开始了在中国发展的过程。
中国特色社会主义英语词汇(英汉对照)
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中国特色词汇英语翻译A.《阿Q正传》The True Story of Ah Q安居工程 Housing Project for low-incomefamilie s按成本要素计算的国民经济总值GNP at factorcost按揭贷款 mortgag e loan按劳分配distrib utionaccordi ng to one's perform ance暗恋 unrequi ted love暗亏 hiddenloss奥姆真理教Japanes e Aum Doomsda y CultB.把握大局 grasp the overall situati on白马王子 PrinceCharmin g白色行情表white sheet白色农业 white agricul ture白雪公主Snow White摆架子put on airs拜把兄弟 sworn brother s拜年pay New Year call搬迁户 relocat ed familie s半拉子工程 uncompl eted project傍大款find a sugar daddy包干到户 work contrac ted to househo lds 包干制over all rationi ng system包工包料 contrac t for labor and materia ls 保持国民经济发展的良好势头mainta in a good momentu m of growthin the nationa l economy保持国有股keep the State-held shares保理业务 factori ng busines s保税区bond ed area保证重点支出e nsurefunding for priorit y areas保值储蓄 inflati on-proof bank savings报国计划的实施implem entati on of Dedicat or's Project本本主义 bookish ness《本草纲目》Compend ium of Materia Medica本命年one's year of birth conside red in relatio n to the 12 Terrest rial Branche s奔小康strivefor a relativ ely comfort able life逼上梁山 be drivento drastic alterna tives比较经济学 compara tive economi cs比上不足,比下有余 worse off than some, betteroff than many闭门羹given cold-shoulde r边际报酬 margina l return边缘科学 boundar y science变相涨价dis guised inflati on剥夺冠军strip the gold medal of somebod y博彩(业)lottery industr y补缺选举 by-electio n不败记录 clean record, spotles s record不承诺放弃使用武器notunderta ke to renounc e the use of force不打不成交 No discord, no concord.不可再生资源non-renewab le resourc es不良贷款 non-perform ing loan不夜城 sleeple ss city不正之风har mful practic e; unhealt hy tendenc yC.采取高姿态 show magnani mity菜篮子工程 shoppin g basketprogram参政、议政 partici pate in the managem ent of State affairs沧海桑田 Seas changeinto mulberr y fieldsand mulberr y fieldschangeintoseas--time bringsgreat changes to the world. What was once the sea hasnow changed into mulberr y fields--the world is changin g all the time.仓储式超市 stockro om-style superma rket 草根工业grass root industr y (refersto village and townshi p enterpr ises which takeroot among farmers and grow like wold grass)层层转包和违法分保multi-level contrac ting and illegal sub-contrac ting差额投票differe ntailvoting差额选举 competi tive electio n茶道sado查房 make/go the roundsof the wards拆东墙补西墙rob Peter to pay Paul拆迁户 househo lds or units relocat ed due to buildin g demolit ion搀水股票water-down stocks(ordinar y stocksthat can be boughtby persons insidea stock company or a busines s at a cost lower that their face value)禅 dhyana产粮大省 granary provinc e产品结构 product mix产权明晰、权责明确、政企分开、科学管理clearly establi shed ownersh ip, welldefined power and respons ibilit y, separat ion of enterpr ise from adminis tratio n,and scienti fic managem ent产权制度、产权关系propert y relatio ns; propert y order产销直接挂钩directl y link product ion with marketi ng产业的升级换代 upgradi ng of industi es产业结构升级upgradi ng of an industr ial structu re长二捆LM-2E长江三角洲 Yangtze River delta长期共存、互相监督、肝胆相照、荣辱与共long-term coexist ence, mutualsupervi sion, sincere treatme nt with each other and the sharing of weal or woe长线产品 product in excessi ve supply畅通工程 "SmoothTraffic Project"唱高调mouth high-soundin g words超高速巨型计算机giant ultra-high-speed compute r超前消费overcon suming, excessi ve consump tion彻头彻尾的反动政治势力an out and out reactio nary politic al force城市规划city's landsca ping plan; urban plannin g 城市中年雅皮士 muppie(一批中年专业人士,附庸风雅,矫揉造作cut esific ation,崇尚竟品至上b outiqu eifica tion,攀比银行存款b ankifi cation等摆阔作风,由middle-aged urban yuppie缩合而成)城乡信用社creditcorrobo rative in both urban and rural areas吃大锅饭egalita rian practic e of "everybo dy eatingfrom the same big pot" 吃皇粮receive salarie s, subsidi es, or other support ed from the governm ent重复建设buildin g redunda nt project; duplica tion of similar project s抽杀成功 hit through筹备委员会 prepara tory committ ee出风头 show off;in the limelig ht出口创汇能力capacit y to earn foreign exchang e through exports出口加工区 exportprocess ing zones出口退税制度the systemof refundi ng taxes on exporte d goods; export(tax) rebate出口转内销 domesti c sales of commodi ties orginal ly produce d for exports出家 pravraj ana; cloiste r传销multi-level marketi ng窗口行业 various service trades创建卫生城市:build a nationa lly advance d clean city创业园high-tech busines s incubat or; pioneer park吹风会 (advance d) briefin g春蕾计划 SpringBuds Program春运(passeng er) transpo rt duringthe SpringFestiva l《春秋》 Springand AutumnAnnals磁悬浮列车Maglevtrain (magneti callylevitat ed train), magneti c suspens ion train 辞旧迎新 bid farewel l to the old and usher in the new; ring out the old year and ring in the new此地无银三百两 A guiltypersongives himself away by conscio usly protest ing his innocen ce.从粗放经济转变为集约经济shift from extensi ve economy to intensi ve economy粗放式管理 extensi ve managem ent促进全球经济一体化fosterintegra tion with the globaleconomy存款保证金 guarant y money for deposit s D."达标"活动 "targethitting" activit ies打白条issue IOU打黑crack down on specula tion and profite ering打假 crack down on counter feit goods打破僵局 break the deadloc k打顺手find one's touch, get into gear, settleinto a groove大包干 all-round respons ibilit y system大轰动 blockbu ster大力扣杀 hammer大路货 staplegoods大开眼界open one's eyes; broaden one's horizon; be an eye-opener大款 tycoon大排挡 sidewal k snack booth; large stall大事化小,小事化了 try first to make their mistake sound less serious and then to reduceit to nothing at all大胜white wash大腕top notch大卫教 BranchDavidia n大型电视系列片,长篇电视连续剧maxi-series大学生创业 univers ity student s' innovat ive underta king大要案 major and serious crimina l cases大专生 juniorcollege student大专文凭associa te degree大藏经 Tripita ka带薪分流assignredunda nt civil servant s to other jobs while allowin g them to retaintheir origina l rank and benefit s待岗 await job assignm ent, post-waiting待业 job-waiting 代职 functio n in an actingcapacit y单循环制singleround-robin system党群关系 Party-massesrelatio nship党政机关Party and governm ent organiz ations捣浆糊 give the runarou nd盗版VCD pirated VCD盗打(电话) free call on somebod y else's expense through illegal means盗用公款 embezzl ement单刀赴会start a solo run倒票 specula tive reselli ng of tickets倒爷 profite er倒计时 countdo wm等外品 off-grade goods, rejects邓小平外交思想Deng Xiaopin g's diploma tic thought s低调 low keyed (a metapho r for takinga cautiou s and slow approac h)第二产业 seconda ry industr y第三产业 tertiar y industr y; service sector第三代移动电话(3G手机) third generat ion mobile; 3G mobile第一发球权 first inning第一发球员 first server第一双打first pair地方保护主义regiona l protect ionism地方财政包干制systemwhereby local authori ties take full respons ibilit y for their finance s地球村 globalvillage地区差异 regiona l dispari ty地热资源 geother mal resourc es地市级城市 prefect ure-level city点子公司 consult ancy company电话号码升位upgrade telepho ne number电话会议 telecon ferenc e电视直销 TV home shoppin g电子商务认证e-busines s certifi cation吊球drop shot吊销执照 revokelicense钉子户personor househo ld who refuses to move and bargain s for unreaso nablyhigh compens ationwhen the land isrequisi tioned for a constru ctionproject定向培训 trainin g for specifi c posts豆腐渣"工程 jerry-built project毒枭 drug traffic ker独立核算工业企业indepen dent account ing unit(enterpr ise)"渡假外交" holiday-makingdiploma cy短期债务 floatin g debt断交信 Dear John letter(from woman to man)对...毫无顾忌make no bones about ...对冲基金hedge fund对外招商 attract foreign investm ent队长袖标(足球) skipper's armband多党合作制multi-party co-operati on in exercis ing State power多任务小卫星small multi-mission satelli te (SMMS)夺冠take the crownE.恶性通货膨胀hyperin flatio n恶性循环 vicious circle(把…当成)耳旁风Like water off (on) a duck’s back二板市场; 创业板市场secondboard (on the country's stock market)二次创业 start a new underta kinge二进宫 to enter the palacea secondtime (peoplewith a past crimina l recordagain commits a crime, and is convict ed and put into a correct ionalinstitu tion)二流选手 scrub, second-rater二元经济 dual economyF.发案率 inciden ce (of crimina l cases)发烧友 fancier; zealot; enthusi asticfan发展不平衡 dispara te develop ment发展是硬道理Develop ment is of overrid ing importa nce. / Develop ment is the absolut e need. 法治国家 a country under the rule of law 法制国家a state with an adequat e legal system翻两番 quadrup le反败为胜bring about a complet e turnabo ut, pull out of the fire反不正当竞争法Law of the People's Republi c of China Against Competi tion by Inappro priate Means反腐倡廉combatcorrupt ion and build a clean governm ent防抱死系统ABS (anti-lock braking system)防洪工程 flood-prevent ion project房管 real estatemanagem ent访谈式竞选(候选人在电视访谈节目中亮相进行的竞选)talk-show campaig n放下架子 to relingu ish haungty airs; to get off one's high horse; throw off one's airs放行单 release permit飞毛腿(导弹)Scud missile飞行药检spot check非对称数字用户环路 Asymmet ricalDigital Subscri ber Loop (ADSL)费改税 transfo rm adminis trativ e fees into taxes分拆上市 A subsidi ary company of a corpora tion is listedon the stock market.分流 reposit ion of redunda nt personn el分期付款 install ment payment分税制 systemof tax distrib ution(产品)分销subunde rwriti ng, distrib ution粉领族 pink-collartribe (Women who play major role in certain profess ions such as officeworkers, secreta ries, models, airline hostess es, etc)风险投资 venture capital; risk investm ent 疯牛病mad cow disease; bovinespongif orm enceoha lopath y (BSE)锋利扣杀razor-sharp smash封闭式基金close-ended fund封杀出局force out“封圣” canoniz ationof "Saints"福利彩票 welfare lotteri es福利分房 welfare-oriente d publichousing distrib utionsystem浮动工资floatin g wages; fluctua ting wages扶贫 poverty allevia tion覆盖率 coverag e rate复式住宅dup lex apartme nt; compoun d apartme nt (a type of residen tial housing that maximiz es usablespace by increas ing the numberof the storeybuildin g)G.改制上市:An enterpr ise is re-organiz ed accordi ng to moderncorpora te systemso that it will get listedon the stock market.感谢款待的信a bread and butterletter(a lettersent as thanksfor being treated well as someone's guest)干部队伍革命化、年轻化、知识化、专业化make the ranks of cadresmore revolut ionary,younger in average age, bettereducate d and profess ionall y more compete nt港人治港Hong Kong peopleadminis tering Hong Kong高层次、全方位的对话high-level and all-directi onal dialogu e高产优质 high yield and high quality高度自治 high degreeof autonom y高官会 SeniorOfficia ls Meeting (SOM)高级商务师 Certifi ed Busines s Executi ve 高架公路 elevate d highway; overhea d road 高科技板块 high-tech sector高难度动作 stunner, stunt高清晰度 high definit ion高新技术产业开发区high and new technol ogy industr ial develop ment zone (公路)隔离带 median根本政治制度fundame ntal politic al system个人收入应税申报制度the systemof the declara tion of individ ual incomes for tax payment个人自扫门前雪,莫管他人瓦上霜hoe one’s own potatoe s各大菜系 major stylesof cooking各尽所能let each persondo his best; from each accordi ng to his ability"各就位" "On your marks!"跟踪审计 follow-up auditin g恭喜发财May you be prosper ous!; Wish you all the best!功夫不负有心人 Everyth ing comes to him who waits.工程公司 enginee ring company工商局 industr ial and commerc ial bureau工薪阶层 salaria t; state employe e; salarie d person工业控制一体化integr ated industr ial control; industr ial control of integra tion 工业园区 industr ial park公费医疗 medical service s at state expense 公告板服务 Bulleti n Board Service (BBS) 公检法publicsecurit y organs, procura torial organsand people's courts公积金publ ic accumul ationfunds, publicreserve funds公开喊价市场open outcrymarkets公款吃喝recreat ionalactivit ies using publicfunds公司分立与解散separat ion and dissolu tion of a company公益林 publicwelfare forest公正、公平、公开just, fair and open公证财产 notariz e the propert ies共产党领导下的多党合作与政治协商multi-party coopera tion and politic al consult ationunder the leaders hip of Communi st Party 狗仔队dogpacks; paparaz zo (singula r), paparaz zi(plural) (It refersto those journal istswho are hunting the news of celebri ties.) 骨干企业 key enterpr ise股本金equi ty capital挂职1) take a tempora ry post (in order to temperoneself)2) serve in a lower level unit for a periodwhile retaini ng one's positio n in the previou s unit关税壁垒 customs barrier; tariffwall光谷 optical valley光机电一体化optical, mechani cal and electro nic integra tion光盘杂志 CD-ROM magazin e光通讯photo-communi cation; optical communi cation广告电话直销d irectrespons e adverti sing 广域网wide area network (WAN)皈依三宝 becomea Buddhis t国产化率importsubstit utionrate; localiz ationrate of parts and compone nts 国防动员体制the mobiliz ationfor nationa l defense国际惯例 interna tional commonpractic e 国际日期变更线Interna tional Date Line (IDL)《国际先驱论坛报》 Interna tional HeraldTribune国际商业机器公司Interna tional Busines s Machine Corpora tion (IBM)国家经济体制改革委员会the State Commiss ion for Restruc turing the Economi c Systems国家普通话水平考试Nationa l Profici ency Test of Putongh ua国家一级保护first-grade State protect ion 国家质量技术监督局the State Bureauof Quality and Technic al Supervi sion国脚 playerof the nationa l footbal l team; footbal ler of the nationa l team国库券 treasur y bonds国民党 Kuomint ang国民经济支柱产业pillarindustr ies in nationa l economy国债专项资金special fund for treasur y bond过度开垦 excessreclama tion过犹不及going too far is as bad as not going far enough;beyondis as wrong as fallingshort; too much is as bad as too littleH.海市蜃楼,镜花水月, 无稽之谈 a mare’s nest海湾战争综合症the complex itiesof the Gulf War函授大学 corresp ondenc e univers ity旱地滑雪场 mock skiingpark汉字处理软件Chinese charact er process ing softwar e航母 aircraf t carrier豪赌 unrestr ainedgamblin g好事不出门,恶事传千里 Good news never goes beyondthe gate, while bad news spreadfar and wide.好出风头的运动员exhibit ionist, grandst ander好莱坞大片 Hollywo od blockbu ster"好球" "Strike"和服 Kimono合理引导消费guide rationa l consump tion 合议庭 collegi ate bench核销 cancelafter verific ation黑店 gangste r inn黑客hacker黑社会Mafia-style organiz ations; ganglan d宏观调控 macro-control红包(中)red paper contain ing money as a gift, (贬) bribe, kickbac k《红楼梦》A Dream in Red Mansion s (The Story of the Stone)红帽子企业red cap enterpr ise (refersto the reputat ion a private enterpr ise enjoysby becomin g attache d to a governm ent departm ent and doing busines s in the name ofa state-run or collect ive-run enterpr ise)红细胞生成素Erythro poieti n (EPO)环太平洋地区Pacific Rim后防空虚 leave the defense exposed后台管理back-stage managem ent呼啦圈hu la hoop胡子工程long-drawn-out project(a project which takes so long that young workers becomebearded)虎父无犬子 A wise goose never lays a tame egg.互动广告 interac tive adverti sement户口簿 residen ce booklet户口管理制度domicil e system,residen ce registr ationsystem户主 head of a househo ld护身法宝 amulet华表ornamen tal column/cloud pillar/stele华盖 canopy滑板车 scooter"坏球" "Ball"还俗 resumesecular life, unfrock"黄、赌、毒" pornogr aphy, gamblin g and drug abuse and traffic king黄金时段prime time(吃)"皇粮" publicgrainfu nds, goods, etc provide d by the governm ent; salarypaid by the state挥棒swing挥棒不中fan灰色收入 incomefrom moonlig hting汇丰银行Hong Kong and Shang Hai Banking Corpora tion婚介所 matrimo nial agency婚外恋 extrama ritallove活到老,学到老One is never too old to learn.火炬计划Torch Program(a plan to develop new and high technol ogy)货币化 monetiz ation货币回笼withdra wal of currenc y from circula tion货到付款 cash on deliver y J.机场建设费 airport constru ctionfee机构臃肿oversta ffingin organiz ations (governm ent)基本路线要管一百年The basic line must be followe d unswerv inglyfor a very long time to come.基本国情fundame ntal realiti es of the country基层民主democra cy at the grassro ots level基层组织organiz ations at the grass-roots level基因工程 genetic enginee ring积压产品oversto cked commodi ties (invento ries)绩优股blue chip激烈竞争 cut-throatcompeti tion吉尼斯世界记录Guinnes s (Book of Records)吉祥物 mascot缉毒队 narcoti cs squad缉私力量the forcesengaged in the fight against smuggli ng集体婚礼 collect ive wedding ceremon y集中精力把经济建设搞上去go all out for economi c develop ment计划单列市 city specifi callydesigna ted in the state plan计划生育责任制respons ibilit y systemof familyplannin g计算机中央处理器central process ing unit(CPU)记者席press box"既成事实" fait accompl i (noun)技术产权交易所 technol ogy equitymarket; technol ogy propert y right exchang e技术密集产品technol ogy-intensi ve product技术下乡 spreadtechnol ogical knowled ge to farmers嘉宾 disting uished guest, honored guest加班 work extra shifts加密 encrypt加权平均值 weighte d average加强舆论监督ensurethat the correct orienta tion is maintai ned in publicopinion家庭联产承包责任制the househo ld contrac t respons ibilit y system家族企业 familyfirm假唱lip-synch假动作 decepti on, feint甲骨文 inscrip tionson oraclebones假日经济 holiday economy坚持统一,反对分裂,增加了解,化解歧见persist in reunifi cation, opposeseparat ion,increas e underst anding and iron out differe nces监督部门 watchdo g尖端产品 highlysophist icated product s剪彩 cut the ribbon剪刀差 the scissor s gap between the pricesof ... and ...减负 allevia te burdens on sb.减速玻璃(汽车)deceler atingglass减员增效downsiz ing for efficie ncy; cut payroll to improve efficie ncy江南水乡the south of the lower reaches of the YangzeRiver讲诚信,反欺诈:honor credibi lity and opposecheatin g降落伞候选人,外来候选人(应召而来参加本人非所在地区竞选的政党候选人)parachu te candida te脚踩两只船sit on the fence脚踏实地be down-to-earth侥幸球fluke教学法 pedagog y; teachin g method教育部社政司SocialScience Researc h and Ideolog ical Work Departm entof the Ministr y of Educati on接口 interfa ce街道企业 neighbo rhoodenterpr ise街心花园park at an interse ction;gardenin the city center节奏布鲁斯音乐(RMB音乐) rhythmblues 解放生产力emancip ate the product ive forces解放思想、实事求是的思想路线 ideolog ical line of emancip atingthe mind and seeking truth from facts解困基金 anti-poverty funds结售汇制度the systemof exchang e, settlem ent and sales戒毒所 drug rehabil itatio n center戒急用忍overcom e impetuo sity and exercis e patienc e金本位 gold standar d金边债券gilt-edged bonds金刚经 Vajracc hedika-sutra金降落伞 goldenparachu te金融电子化 compute rize financi al service s 金税工程 GoldenTax Project金无足赤, 人无完人Gold can't be pure and man can't be perfect.紧箍咒 inhibit ing magic phrase紧密型企业集团tightly-knit groupsof enterpr ises紧追cling to, shadow,thunder on one's trail近海渔业 offshor e fishery近水楼台先得月 First come, first served; A water-front pavilio n gets the moonlig ht first--the advanta ge of being in a favored positio n.进出口商会 chamber of importand exporttrade进口渗透 importpenetra tion进修班 class for further studies禁渔期 closedfishing seasons禁止在任何地方、任何环境进行一切方式的释放核能的核武器试验保爆炸prohibi t any nuclear weapontest explosi on which release s nuclear energyat any place and in any environ ment经常项目顺差f avorab le balance of current account, surplus of current account经常性贷款 commerc ial lending经常性支出 running expense s经济林cash tree经济全球化economi c globali zation; economi c integra tion经济失调指数miseryindex经济头脑commerc iallymindedpeople; peoplewith busines s sense经营管理高度科学化的现代化大企业modernbig enterpr ise with highlyscienti fic managem ent system精简机构 streaml ine governm ent organs精品 competi tive product s京剧票友PekingOpera fan京剧人物脸谱types of facialmake-up in Beijing opera景泰蓝 cloison né敬业精神profess ionaldedicat ion; profess ionalethics劲射power shot九五攻关State Key Task 95居委会neighbo rhoodcommitt ee; residen ts' committ ee局域网 local area network (LAN)举报电话 informa nts' hot-line telepho ne拒载 refuseto take passeng ers君子之交淡如水the friends hip between gentlem en is as pure as crystal;a hedge between keeps friends hip green竣工式 complet ion ceremon yK.卡丁车kart开发一代,储存一带,预研一代(产品)to develop this generat ion of product swhile researc hing on the next generat ion of product s开放式基金open-ended fund开工不足 enterpr ises running under their product ion capacit y开工典礼 commenc ementceremon y开后门unde r-the-counter deals; offer advanta ges to one's friends or relativ es by underha nd means 开题报告 opening speech; opening report开小灶 give special favor开夜车burn the midnigh t oil; work over night看守政府, 看守内阁,过渡政府caretak er cabinet坎儿井karez抗美援朝战争War to ResistUS Aggress ion and Aid Korea抗震棚 quake-proof shelter考研 take part in the entranc e exams for postgra duateschools考研热 the craze for graduat e school科技成果转化为生产力transfe r of scienti fic and technol ogical achieve ments科技含量 technol ogy content科技是第一生产力Science and technol ogy constit ute a primary product ive force.科教兴国 rely on science and educati on to rejuven ate the nation科研攻关 scienti fic researc h and tacklethe key researc h project可持续发展 sustain able develop ment刻录机 CD writer; disc-carving machine空头支票 accommo dation note, lip service 空中小姐 air hostess; air steward ess控股公司 holding company扣帽子put a label on跨世纪工程 a trans-century project跨越式发展great-leap-forward develop ment快讯news flash; flash宽带接入 broadba nd access宽带网 broadba nd network s宽限期 grace period亏损企业enterpr ises running in the red/under deficit困难职工the needyL.垃圾债券junk bond拉动经济增长fuel economi c growth拉拉队 cheerin g squad拉拉队长 cheer-leader, rooterking拉关系try to curry favor with来电显示电话机 callerID telepho ne来料加工process materia ls supplie d by clients; acceptcustome rs' materia ls for process ing劳动合同制 labor contrac t system老生常谈,陈词滥调cut and dried老字号an old and famousshop or enterpr ise"篱笆墙" barrier s/ blockag e to inter-regiona l trading礼尚往来 Courtes y calls for recipro city.理货公司 tally company礼仪小姐 ritualgirl利改税 substit utionof tax payment for profitdeliver y利好因素 wrinkle利基niche立体农业 three-dimensi onal agricul ture廉政建设constru ctionof a clean and honestadminis tratio n廉政、勤政、务实、高效政府an honest, diligen t, pragmat ic and efficie nt governm ent廉洁奉公,以正治国(of an officia l) clean and devoted, and governthe state with his own example of upright ness联产承包责任制systemof contrac ted respons ibilit y linking remuner ationto output;contrac t systemwith remuner ationlinkedto output联合国会费the UN members hip dues (fee)联合兼并conglom eratio n and mergerof enterpr ises联合联络小组joint liaison group联合投标 syndica ted tender联想集团LegendGroup连带责任 joint liabili ty练摊 to be a vendor良性循环 virtuou s circle粮食收购部门(governm ent's) grain procure ment (purchas ing) agencie s粮油关系:grain and oil rationi ng registr ation两岸直航促进会Associa tion for Promoti on of Cross-Straits DirectTranspo rtatio n两弹一艇A-bomb, H-bomb and nuclear-powered submari ne"两个对等的政治实体" "two equal politic al entitie s两个文明一起抓place equal emphasi s on materia l and ethical progres s两手抓两手都要硬We must address ourselv es to the problem of both materia l and spiritu alciviliz ation(both materia l as well as culture and ideolog ical progres s) without any letup."两思"(致富思源,富而思进) to think of the sourceof getting rich and of makingprogres safter becomin g affluen ce老少边穷地区formerrevolut ionary base areas, areas inhabit ed by minorit y nationa lities,remoteand borderareas and poverty-stricke n areas《聊斋志异》Strange Tales of a LonelyStudio猎头公司 head-hunting company劣等品shod dy goods; substan dard goods; lemon (口语)临时主教练caretak er coach零配件 spare and accesso ry parts领头羊 bellwet her留职停薪retainthe job but suspend the salary留学咨询:consult ing on the study abroad流动人口 transie nt populat ion流动图书馆 travell ing library; bookmob ile (行业中的)龙头老大leading enterpr ise; flagshi p of the industr y乱集资、乱摊派、乱收费unwarra ntedpooling of funds, arbitra ry requisi tion of donatio nsand exactio n of fees from enterpr ises乱收费、乱摊派、乱罚款 arbitra ry charges, fund-raising quotasand fines《论语》 Analect s of Confuci us论文答辩 (thesis) oral defense裸机:bare mobilephone旅行结婚 have a honeymo on trip绿地覆盖率 forestcoverag e rate绿化 affores tation绿色急救通道emergen cy green path绿色食品green foodM.马拉松式竞选活动 campaig nathon马路菜场入室工程the project to build indoorfree marketto accommo date streetvegetab le vendors马太效应the Matthew effect(A phenome non in specifi c circles whereby one's accompl ishmen tsand reputat ion tend to snowbal l, and those with meageraccompl ishmen ts have greater difficu ltyachievi ng accompl ishmen ts. )满意度 degreeof satisfa ction盲流和倒流人员transie nt from the country side帽子戏法hat trick冒充包装(销售)[指将劣质商品包装成外观像名优产品出售的做法] copycat packagi ng买一送一two-for-one offer, buy one get one free美声唱法bel canto美食节 gourmet festiva l每逢佳节倍思亲 On festive occasio ns more than ever one thinksof one's dear ones far away./ It is on the festiva l occasio ns when one misseshis dear most.门前三包be respons ible for general sanitat ion, green coverin g and keeping good socialorderin a designa ted area outside the unit buildin g蒙古包 (Mongoli an) yurt蒙古大夫quack朦胧诗 misty poetry民办教师citizen-managed teacher s (teacher s in rural citizen-managed or state-managed schoolswho do not receive the normalremuner ationfrom the governm ent)民工潮 farmers' frenzie d hunt for work in cities民进党 Democra tic Progres sive Party民主党派、工商联与无党派人士non-Communi st parties, federat ions of industr y and commerc e,persona ges without party affilia tion民族凝聚力 nationa l cohesio n民族委员会ethnicaffairs commiss ion民族文化大省a provinc e with rich ethnicculture明明白白消费(2000年保护消费者权益工作主题)transpa rent consump tion磨洋工 dawdlealong模拟测试 mock test; simulat ed exam莫失良机 make hay while the sun shines目标管理 managem ent by objecti vesN.NASDAQNationa l Associa tion of Securit ies Deal Automat ed Quotati ons纳米 nanomet er难得糊涂Where ignoran ce is bliss, it's folly to be wise.南水北调 South-to-North water diversi on 南水北调工程divertwater from the south to the north project男权主义思想male chauvin ism囊括 complet e a sweep耐用消费品durable consume r items (goods)闹情绪 be disgrun tled; be in a fit of pique。
生态翻译视角的中国特色词汇英译
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生态翻译视角的中国特色词汇英译中国特色词汇是指在中国的文化、社会、经济、政治等方面所产生的、具有鲜明中国特色的词汇。
在生态领域,中国特色的词汇也有一些独特的表达方式和含义。
以下是一些常见的中国特色词汇的英译:2. 生态文明(shēng tài wén mín) - ecological civilization生态文明是中国特色社会主义发展理论的重要组成部分,强调人与自然的和谐发展。
3. 碧水蓝天(bì shuǐ lán tiān) - blue water and sky碧水蓝天是形容自然环境美好的词组,通常用来形容清澈透明的水和晴朗明亮的天空。
4. 生态保护(shēng tài bǎo hù) - ecological conservation生态保护是指保护生物多样性、维护自然生态系统稳定的行为。
6. 绿色发展(lǜ sè fā zhǎn) - green development绿色发展是指在经济发展过程中注重环境保护和可持续发展的发展方式。
8. 环境污染(huán jìng wū rǎn) - environmental pollution环境污染是指人类活动引起的破坏自然环境、影响生态系统平衡的现象。
11. 节约资源(jié yuē zī yuán) - resource conservation节约资源是指在使用自然资源时减少浪费,合理利用资源的行为。
12. 绿色生活(lǜ sè shēng huó) - green lifestyle绿色生活是指以环保和可持续发展的理念为指导,追求低碳、低能耗、环保的生活方式。
中国特色词汇英译的策略与方法
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一 、 引 言
中国特色词汇是 表达 中国文 化 中的 特有 事物 ,其 中蕴藏着 中国千百 年 文化 的 内涵 ,当中 国的文化 传 出 中国走 向世界 的时候 ,这 些 中 国特色 词汇 很难 翻译 成 不失原味的并被外 国人 所接 受 的英语 ,这 主要是 因为 中西文化差别 较大 。人们 的思维 习惯 有 很大 的差 异 , 词汇翻译的语义确立很难对 等。笔 者将 以中 国特色 词 汇翻译成英文为例 ,介绍 了一 些 中 国特色 词汇被 译成 英语的方法 ,它们 分别 是音 译 、直译 、意译 、合译 ,通 过 这些方法可使大家基本 了解 中国特色词汇在 英语交 际 是怎样 被转换 并被 使用的 ,逐渐融合 进传统 英语 中的 , 以满足人 们 El常生活 中用英语交 流的需要 …。
收稿 日期 :2010—04—19 作者简介 :邓毅婷 (1976一),女 ,黑龙 江五常人 ,讲 师 ,硕士 ,从 事英语教学及其教学 法研究 。
一 145 —
译常常会造成译 者往“死译得如何 ?(增译 主语和谓
汇 ,文章就会显得刻板 ,当采用直译时要特别注意这一 语 )
点 。
(2)If only I could see the realization of the four rood—
3.意译法 (Meaning Implication)
ernizations.
意译法是指根据 中国特色 词汇 的大意来 翻译 ,不
要是 我能看到 四个 现代化 实现该 有多好啊 !(增
中国特色文化词英译浅谈之——二十四节气
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天气已冷,开始有霜 冻了,所以叫霜降。
Frost's Descent (18th solar term) Oct.23 or 24
Frost's Descent
Cicadas chill And drearily shrill, We stand face to face at an evening hour Before the pavilion, after a sudden shower. Can I care for drinking before we part? At the city gate Where we're lingering late, But the boat is waiting for me to depart. Hand in hand, we gaze at each other's tearful eyes And burst into sobs with words congealed on our lips.
蒹葭苍苍,白露为霜;所谓伊人,在水一方; 溯洄从之,道阻且长。溯游从之,宛在水中央。
秋分这一天同春分一样,阳光几乎直射赤道, 昼夜几乎相等。
the Autumnal Equinox (16th solar term) Sept.22,23 or 24
气温更低,空气已 结露水,渐有寒意。
Cold Dew (17th solar term) Oct.8 or 9
“杨柳青青江水平,闻郎江上唱歌声。东边日出西边雨,道是无晴还有晴。” ——刘禹锡《竹枝词》
Lesser/Slight Heat (11th solar term)
Lesser/Slight Heat (July.6,7 or 8)
中国特色词汇英译
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中国特色词汇英译一、中国特色词汇的意义和特点中国特色词汇是指在中国特定历史背景下形成并广泛使用的词汇。
这些词汇通过准确、精细的表达方式,传达出中国人民的思想观念、文化价值和生活方式。
中国特色词汇具有独特的意义和特点,体现了中国文化的深厚底蕴和独特魅力。
二、中国特色词汇的英译1. "和谐" (Harmony)"和谐" 是中国特色词汇中最具代表性的词之一。
它强调人与人之间的和睦相处、社会环境的和睦共融。
在中国文化中,和谐是一种普遍追求的目标,它指向了人与自然、人与社会、人与自己之间的和谐关系。
在英文中,"Harmony" 这个词可以用来表达相似的概念,但它不能完全传达出中国特色的深度和广度。
2. "亲" (Familial affection)"亲" 在中国特色词汇中有着深厚的意义。
它不仅仅指亲属关系,更多的是强调家庭成员之间的亲密感和深厚的情感。
在中国文化中,家庭是重要的核心,"亲" 这个词凝聚了亲情、爱情和友情。
在英文中,"Familial affection" 可以用来表达类似的意思,但它无法完全传达出中国特色的家庭观念与情感。
3. "团结" (Unity)"团结" 是中国特色词汇中的一个重要概念。
它强调人们在面对困难和挑战时的团结一致。
在中国文化中,团结是一种重要的价值观,它促使人们相互支持、共同努力,以达到共同目标。
在英文中,"Unity" 这个词可以表达类似的意思,但它不能完全传达出中国特色的团结精神和集体主义思想。
4. "和平" (Peace)"和平" 是中国特色词汇中的一个核心概念。
它强调人与人之间的和睦相处、国家间的和平共处。
在中国文化中,和平是一种重要的价值观,它追求的是人类社会的和平与稳定。
中国182个特色流行词汇的英文翻译
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中国182个流行词汇的英文译法1. 素质教育:Quality Education2. EQ:分两种,一种为教育商数Educational quotient,另一种情感商数Emotional quotient3. 保险业:the insurance industry4. 保证重点指出:ensure funding for priority areas5. 补发拖欠的养老金:clear up pension payments in arrears6. 不良贷款:non-performing loan7. 层层转包和违法分包:mutlti-level contracting and illegal subcontracting8. 城乡信用社:credit cooperative in both urban and rural areas9. 城镇居民最低生活保障:a minimum standard of living for city residents10. 城镇职工医疗保障制度:the system of medical insurance for urban workers11. 出口信贷:export credit12. 贷款质量:loan quality13. 贷款质量五级分类办法:the five-category assets classification for bank loans14. 防范和化解金融风险:take precautions against and reduce financial risks15. 防洪工程:flood-prevention project16. 非法外汇交易:illegal foreign exchange transaction17. 非贸易收汇:foreign exchange earnings through nontrade channels18. 非银行金融机构:non-bank financial institutions19. 费改税:transformadministrative fees into taxes20. 跟踪审计:foolow-up auditing21. 工程监理制度:the monitoring system for projects22. 国有资产安全:the safety of state-owned assets23. 过度开垦:excess reclamation24. 合同管理制度:the contract system for governing projects25. 积极的财政政策:pro-active fiscal policy26. 基本生活费:basic allowance27. 解除劳动关系:sever labor relation28. 金融监管责任制:the responsibility system for financial supervision29. 经济安全:economic security30. 靠扩大财政赤字搞建设:to increase the deficit to spend more on development31. 扩大国内需求:the expansion of domestic demand32. 拉动经济增长:fuel economic growth33. 粮食仓库:grain depot34. 粮食收购企业:grain collection and storage enterprise35. 粮食收购资金实行封闭运行:closed operation of grain purchase funds36. 粮食销售市场:grain sales market37. 劣质工程:shoddy engineering38. 乱收费、乱摊派、乱罚款:arbitrary charges, fund-raising, quotas and fines39. 骗汇、逃汇、套汇:obtain foreign currency under false pretenses, not turn over foreign owed to the government and illegal arbitrage40. 融资渠道:financing channels41. 商业信贷原则:the principles for commercial credit42. 社会保险机构:social security institution43. 失业保险金:unemployment insurance benefits44. 偷税、骗税、逃税、抗税:tax evasion, tax fraud and refusal to pay taxes45. 外汇收支:foreign exchange revenue and spending46. 安居工程:housing project for low-income urban residents47. 信息化:information-based; informationization48. 智力密集型:concentration of brain power; knowledge-intensive49. 外资企业:overseas-funded enterprises50. 下岗职工:laid-off workers51. 分流:reposition of redundant personnel52. 素质教育:education for all-round development53. 豆腐渣工程:jerry-built projects54. 社会治安情况:law-and-order situation55. 民族国家:nation state56. “*”:"independence of Taiwan"57. 台湾当局:Taiwan authorities58. 台湾同胞:Taiwan compatriots59. 台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分:Taiwan is an inalienable part of the Chinese territory.60. 西部大开发:Development of the West Regions61. 可持续性发展:sustainable development62. 风险投资:risk investment63. 通货紧缩:deflation64. 扩大内需:to expand domestic demand65. 计算机辅助教学:computer-assisted instruction ( CAI )66. 网络空间:cyberspace67. 虚拟现实:virtual reality68. 网民:netizen ( net citizen )69. 电脑犯罪:computer crime70. 电子商务:the e-business71. 网上购物:shopping online72. 应试教育:exam-oriented education73. 学生减负:to reduce study load74. “厄尔尼诺”:(EL Nino)75. “拉尼娜”:(La Nina)76. “智商”:(IQ)77. “情商”:(EQ)78. “第三产业”:(third/tertiary industry,service sector,third sequence of enterprises)79.“第四产业”:(quaternary/inFORMation industry)79. “军嫂”:(military spouse)80. “峰会”(香港译“极峰会议”)”:summit(conference)81. “克隆”:clone82. “冰毒”:ice83. “摇头丸”:dancing outreach84. “传销”:multi level marketing85. “(计算机)2000年问题”:Y2K problem(y for year, k for kilo or thousand)86. “白皮书”:white paper(不是white cover book)87. “傻瓜相机”:Instamatic(商标名,焦距、镜头均固定,被称为foolproof相机);88. “白条”:IOU note(IOU:债款、债务,由I owe you 的读音缩略转义而来)89. “巡回招聘”:milk round(一种招聘毕业生的方式,大公司走访各大学及学院,向求职者介绍本公司情况并与报名者晤谈)。
浅谈中国特色词语的特点及其翻译技巧
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浅谈中国特色词语的特点及其翻译技巧摘要:英语在中国本土文化产生了一种特殊的、具有中国特色的英语变体-中国英语。
具有中国特色的词汇和表达方式,在西方文化中找不到对等的语境,而成为英汉翻译的一大难题。
这种语言的特性又使汉语中的某些词语在英语中只能找到部分的对应的词语,甚至根本就没有对应,于是,出现词语空缺和翻译的局限性。
分析中国特色词语的特点和前景;在翻译技巧的基础上提出一些针对中国特有表达方式的翻译方法。
除此之外,本文还将提出一些关于中国特色词汇在英语国家传播的前景的看法。
关键词:中国特色词语的特点;翻译技巧一、引言作为人类的重要交际工具,语言总是处于特定的语境中,语言的频繁使用,必然引起语言的变异,中国英语也因此应运而生。
不同文化环境的人对大自然和社会的认识不一,角度也不相同,作为文化载体的语言,必定有着丰富的文化蕴含,由于文化差异,语言之间的不可翻译性成为翻译界一个永久的问题,具有中特色词汇和表达出于在西方文化中找不到对等而成为英汉翻译中的一大难题。
二、中国特色英语中国特色英语,是用英文表达中国文化中的特有事物,其中蕴藏着中国千百年文化的内涵。
当中国的文化传出中国走向世界的时候,这些中国特色词汇又是怎样不失原味的被翻译成外语从而被外国人所接受的呢?本文将以中国特色词汇翻译成英文为例,介绍了多个时期中国特色词语的特点。
这些在旧中国和新中国,讲或写英语时都有我国所特有的东西要表达。
如“科举”、“五四运动”、“白话文”、“人民公社”、“四个现代化”这些不属于英语国家所惯用的词语,而是中国传统文化所特有的。
1991年汪榕培先生将中国英语定义为“它是中国人在中国本土上使用的、以标准英语为核心、具有中国特点的英语。
这个提法肯定了中国特色英语现象,也指出了这些是正确的英文表达法。
总体来说,中国特色英语可分为以下三大类:(一)具有文化色彩的表达方式中国是具有悠久历史的东方文明古国,其传统的文化思想自然反应到语言上。
中国特色社会主义英语词汇(英汉对照)
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中国特色词汇英语翻译A.《阿Q正传》The True Story of Ah Q安居工程Housing Project for low-income families按成本要素计算的国民经济总值GNP at factor cost按揭贷款mortgage loan按劳分配distribution according to one's performance暗恋unrequited love暗亏hidden loss奥姆真理教Japanese Aum Doomsday CultB.把握大局grasp the overall situation白马王子Prince Charming白色行情表white sheet白色农业white agriculture白雪公主Snow White摆架子put on airs拜把兄弟sworn brothers拜年pay New Year call搬迁户relocated families半拉子工程uncompleted project傍大款find a sugar daddy包干到户work contracted to households 包干制overall rationing system包工包料contract for labor and materials 保持国民经济发展的良好势头maintain a good momentum of growth in the national economy保持国有股keep the State-held shares保理业务factoring business保税区bonded area保证重点支出ensure funding for priority areas保值储蓄inflation-proof bank savings报国计划的实施implementation of Dedicator's Project本本主义bookishness《本草纲目》Compendium of Materia Medica本命年one's year of birth considered in relation to the 12 Terrestrial Branches奔小康strive for a relatively comfortable life逼上梁山be driven to drastic alternatives 比较经济学comparative economics比上不足,比下有余worse off than some, better off than many闭门羹given cold-shoulder边际报酬marginal return边缘科学boundary science变相涨价disguised inflation剥夺冠军strip the gold medal of somebody博彩(业)lottery industry补缺选举by-election不败记录clean record, spotless record不承诺放弃使用武器not undertake to renounce the use of force不打不成交No discord, no concord.不可再生资源non-renewable resources不良贷款non-performing loan不夜城sleepless city不正之风harmful practice; unhealthy tendencyC.采取高姿态show magnanimity菜篮子工程shopping basket program参政、议政participate in the management of State affairs沧海桑田Seas change into mulberry fields and mulberry fields change into seas--time brings great changes to the world. What was once the sea hasnow changed into mulberry fields--the world is changing all the time.仓储式超市stockroom-style supermarket 草根工业grass root industry (refers to village and township enterprises which takeroot among farmers and grow like wold grass)层层转包和违法分保multi-level contracting and illegal sub-contracting差额投票differentail voting差额选举competitive election茶道sado查房make/go the rounds of the wards拆东墙补西墙rob Peter to pay Paul拆迁户households or units relocated due to building demolition搀水股票water-down stocks (ordinary stocks that can be bought by persons insidea stock company or a business at a cost lower that their face value)禅dhyana产粮大省granary province产品结构product mix产权明晰、权责明确、政企分开、科学管理clearly established ownership, well defined power and responsibility, separation of enterprise from administration,and scientific management产权制度、产权关系property relations; property order产销直接挂钩directly link production with marketing产业的升级换代upgrading of industies产业结构升级upgrading of an industrial structure长二捆LM-2E长江三角洲Yangtze River delta长期共存、互相监督、肝胆相照、荣辱与共long-term coexistence, mutual supervision, sincere treatment with each other and the sharing of weal or woe长线产品product in excessive supply畅通工程"Smooth Traffic Project"唱高调mouth high-sounding words超高速巨型计算机giant ultra-high-speed computer超前消费overconsuming, excessive consumption彻头彻尾的反动政治势力an out and out reactionary political force城市规划city's landscaping plan; urban planning 城市中年雅皮士muppie (一批中年专业人士,附庸风雅,矫揉造作cutesification,崇尚竟品至上boutiqueification,攀比银行存款bankification等摆阔作风,由middle-aged urban yuppie缩合而成)城乡信用社credit corroborative in both urban and rural areas吃大锅饭egalitarian practice of "everybody eating from the same big pot" 吃皇粮receive salaries, subsidies, or other supported from the government重复建设building redundant project; duplication of similar projects抽杀成功hit through筹备委员会preparatory committee出风头show off;in the limelight出口创汇能力capacity to earn foreign exchange through exports出口加工区export processing zones出口退税制度the system of refunding taxes on exported goods; export (tax) rebate出口转内销domestic sales of commodities orginally produced for exports出家pravrajana; cloister传销multi-level marketing窗口行业various service trades创建卫生城市:build a nationally advanced clean city创业园high-tech business incubator; pioneer park吹风会(advanced) briefing春蕾计划Spring Buds Program春运(passenger) transport during the Spring Festival《春秋》Spring and Autumn Annals磁悬浮列车Maglev train (magnetically levitated train), magnetic suspension train 辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old and usher in the new; ring out the old year and ring in the new此地无银三百两 A guilty person gives himself away by consciously protesting hisinnocence.从粗放经济转变为集约经济shift from extensive economy to intensive economy 粗放式管理extensive management促进全球经济一体化foster integration with the global economy存款保证金guaranty money for deposits D."达标"活动"target hitting" activities打白条issue IOU打黑crack down on speculation and profiteering打假crack down on counterfeit goods打破僵局break the deadlock打顺手find one's touch, get into gear, settle into a groove大包干all-round responsibility system大轰动blockbuster大力扣杀hammer大路货staple goods大开眼界open one's eyes; broaden one's horizon; be an eye-opener大款tycoon大排挡sidewalk snack booth; large stall 大事化小,小事化了try first to make their mistake sound less serious and then to reduce it to nothing at all大胜white wash大腕top notch大卫教Branch Davidian大型电视系列片,长篇电视连续剧maxi-series大学生创业university students' innovative undertaking大要案major and serious criminal cases 大专生junior college student大专文凭associate degree大藏经Tripitaka带薪分流assign redundant civil servants to other jobs while allowing them to retain their original rank and benefits待岗await job assignment, post-waiting 待业job-waiting代职function in an acting capacity单循环制single round-robin system党群关系Party-masses relationship党政机关Party and government organizations捣浆糊give the runaround盗版VCD pirated VCD盗打(电话) free call on somebody else's expense through illegal means盗用公款embezzlement单刀赴会start a solo run倒票speculative reselling of tickets倒爷profiteer倒计时countdowm等外品off-grade goods, rejects邓小平外交思想Deng Xiaoping's diplomatic thoughts低调low keyed (a metaphor for taking a cautious and slow approach)第二产业secondary industry第三产业tertiary industry; service sector 第三代移动电话(3G手机) third generation mobile; 3G mobile第一发球权first inning第一发球员first server第一双打first pair地方保护主义regional protectionism地方财政包干制system whereby local authorities take full responsibility for their finances地球村global village地区差异regional disparity地热资源geothermal resources地市级城市prefecture-level city点子公司consultancy company电话号码升位upgrade telephone number 电话会议teleconference电视直销TV home shopping电子商务认证e-business certification吊球drop shot吊销执照revoke license钉子户person or household who refuses to move and bargains for unreasonablyhigh compensation when the land is requisitioned for a construction project定向培训training for specific posts豆腐渣"工程jerry-built project毒枭drug trafficker独立核算工业企业independent accounting unit(enterprise)"渡假外交" holiday-making diplomacy短期债务floating debt断交信Dear John letter (from woman to man)对...毫无顾忌make no bones about ...对冲基金hedge fund对外招商attract foreign investment队长袖标(足球)skipper's armband多党合作制multi-party co-operation in exercising State power多任务小卫星small multi-mission satellite (SMMS)夺冠take the crownE.恶性通货膨胀hyperinflation恶性循环vicious circle(把…当成)耳旁风Like water off (on) a duck’s back二板市场; 创业板市场second board (on the country's stock market)二次创业start a new undertakinge二进宫to enter the palace a second time (people with a past criminal record again commits a crime, and is convicted and put into a correctional institution)二流选手scrub, second-rater二元经济dual economyF.发案率incidence (of criminal cases)发烧友fancier; zealot; enthusiastic fan发展不平衡disparate development发展是硬道理Development is of overriding importance. / Development is the absolute need.法治国家a country under the rule of law 法制国家a state with an adequate legal system翻两番quadruple反败为胜bring about a complete turnabout, pull out of the fire反不正当竞争法Law of the People's Republic of China Against Competition by Inappropriate Means反腐倡廉combat corruption and build a clean government防抱死系统ABS (anti-lock braking system)防洪工程flood-prevention project房管real estate management访谈式竞选(候选人在电视访谈节目中亮相进行的竞选)talk-show campaign放下架子to relinguish haungty airs; to get off one's high horse; throw off one's airs放行单release permit飞毛腿(导弹)Scud missile飞行药检spot check非对称数字用户环路Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Loop (ADSL)费改税transform administrative fees into taxes分拆上市 A subsidiary company of a corporation is listed on the stock market. 分流reposition of redundant personnel分期付款installment payment分税制system of tax distribution(产品)分销subunderwriting, distribution粉领族pink-collar tribe (Women who play major role in certain professions such asoffice workers, secretaries, models, airline hostesses, etc)风险投资venture capital; risk investment 疯牛病mad cow disease; bovine spongiform enceohalopathy (BSE)锋利扣杀razor-sharp smash封闭式基金close-ended fund封杀出局force out“封圣” canonization of "Saints"福利彩票welfare lotteries福利分房welfare-oriented public housing distribution system浮动工资floating wages; fluctuating wages扶贫poverty alleviation覆盖率coverage rate复式住宅duplex apartment; compound apartment (a type of residential housing that maximizes usable space by increasing the number of the storey building)G.改制上市:An enterprise is re-organized according to modern corporate system so that it will get listed on the stock market. 感谢款待的信a bread and butter letter (a letter sent as thanks for being treated well as someone's guest)干部队伍革命化、年轻化、知识化、专业化make the ranks of cadres more revolutionary,younger in average age, better educated and professionally more competent港人治港Hong Kong people administering Hong Kong高层次、全方位的对话high-level and all-directional dialogue高产优质high yield and high quality高度自治high degree of autonomy高官会Senior Officials Meeting (SOM)高级商务师Certified Business Executive 高架公路elevated highway; overhead road高科技板块high-tech sector高难度动作stunner, stunt高清晰度high definition高新技术产业开发区high and new technology industrial development zone (公路)隔离带median 根本政治制度fundamental political system个人收入应税申报制度the system of the declaration of individual incomes for tax payment个人自扫门前雪,莫管他人瓦上霜hoe one’s own potatoes各大菜系major styles of cooking各尽所能let each person do his best; from each according to his ability"各就位" "On your marks!"跟踪审计follow-up auditing恭喜发财May you be prosperous!; Wish you all the best!功夫不负有心人Everything comes to him who waits.工程公司engineering company工商局industrial and commercial bureau 工薪阶层salariat; state employee; salaried person工业控制一体化integrated industrial control; industrial control of integration 工业园区industrial park公费医疗medical services at state expense公告板服务Bulletin Board Service (BBS) 公检法public security organs, procuratorial organs and people's courts 公积金public accumulation funds, public reserve funds公开喊价市场open outcry markets公款吃喝recreational activities using public funds公司分立与解散separation and dissolution of a company公益林public welfare forest公正、公平、公开just, fair and open公证财产notarize the properties共产党领导下的多党合作与政治协商multi-party cooperation and political consultationunder the leadership of Communist Party 狗仔队dog packs; paparazzo (singular), paparazzi(plural) (It refers to thosejournalistswho are hunting the news of celebrities.) 骨干企业key enterprise股本金equity capital挂职1) take a temporary post (in order to temper oneself)2) serve in a lower level unit for a period while retaining one's position in the previous unit关税壁垒customs barrier; tariff wall光谷optical valley光机电一体化optical, mechanical and electronic integration光盘杂志CD-ROM magazine光通讯photo-communication; optical communication广告电话直销direct response advertising 广域网wide area network (WAN)皈依三宝become a Buddhist国产化率import substitution rate; localization rate of parts and components 国防动员体制the mobilization for national defense国际惯例international common practice 国际日期变更线International Date Line (IDL)《国际先驱论坛报》International Herald Tribune国际商业机器公司International Business Machine Corporation (IBM)国家经济体制改革委员会the State Commission for Restructuring the Economic Systems国家普通话水平考试National Proficiency Test of Putonghua国家一级保护first-grade State protection 国家质量技术监督局the State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision国脚player of the national football team; footballer of the national team国库券treasury bonds国民党Kuomintang国民经济支柱产业pillar industries in national economy国债专项资金special fund for treasury bond过度开垦excess reclamation过犹不及going too far is as bad as not going far enough; beyond is as wrong as fallingshort; too much is as bad as too littleH.海市蜃楼,镜花水月, 无稽之谈 a mare’s nest海湾战争综合症the complexities of the Gulf War函授大学correspondence university旱地滑雪场mock skiing park汉字处理软件Chinese character processing software航母aircraft carrier豪赌unrestrained gambling好事不出门,恶事传千里Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news spreadfar and wide.好出风头的运动员exhibitionist, grandstander好莱坞大片Hollywood blockbuster"好球" "Strike"和服Kimono合理引导消费guide rational consumption 合议庭collegiate bench核销cancel after verification黑店gangster inn黑客hacker黑社会Mafia-style organizations; gangland宏观调控macro-control红包(中)red paper containing money as a gift, (贬) bribe, kickback《红楼梦》A Dream in Red Mansions (The Story of the Stone)红帽子企业red cap enterprise (refers tothe reputation a private enterprise enjoys by becoming attached to a government department and doing business in the name ofa state-run or collective-run enterprise)红细胞生成素Erythropoietin (EPO)环太平洋地区Pacific Rim后防空虚leave the defense exposed后台管理back-stage management呼啦圈hu la hoop胡子工程long-drawn-out project (a project which takes so long that young workers become bearded)虎父无犬子 A wise goose never lays a tame egg.互动广告interactive advertisement户口簿residence booklet户口管理制度domicile system, residence registration system户主head of a household护身法宝amulet华表ornamental column/cloud pillar/stele华盖canopy滑板车scooter"坏球" "Ball"还俗resume secular life, unfrock"黄、赌、毒" pornography, gambling and drug abuse and trafficking黄金时段prime time(吃)"皇粮" public grainfunds, goods, etc provided by the government; salary paid by the state挥棒swing挥棒不中fan灰色收入income from moonlighting汇丰银行Hong Kong and Shang Hai Banking Corporation婚介所matrimonial agency婚外恋extramarital love活到老,学到老One is never too old to learn.火炬计划Torch Program (a plan to develop new and high technology) 货币化monetization货币回笼withdrawal of currency from circulation货到付款cash on deliveryJ.机场建设费airport construction fee机构臃肿overstaffing in organizations (government)基本路线要管一百年The basic line must be followed unswervingly for a very long time to come.基本国情fundamental realities of the country基层民主democracy at the grassroots level基层组织organizations at the grass-roots level基因工程genetic engineering积压产品overstocked commodities (inventories)绩优股blue chip激烈竞争cut-throat competition吉尼斯世界记录Guinness (Book of Records)吉祥物mascot缉毒队narcotics squad缉私力量the forces engaged in the fight against smuggling集体婚礼collective wedding ceremony集中精力把经济建设搞上去go all out for economic development计划单列市city specifically designated in the state plan计划生育责任制responsibility system of family planning计算机中央处理器central processing unit(CPU)记者席press box"既成事实" fait accompli (noun)技术产权交易所technology equity market; technology property right exchange技术密集产品technology-intensiveproduct技术下乡spread technological knowledge to farmers嘉宾distinguished guest, honored guest 加班work extra shifts加密encrypt加权平均值weighted average加强舆论监督ensure that the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion家庭联产承包责任制the household contract responsibility system家族企业family firm假唱lip-synch假动作deception, feint甲骨文inscriptions on oracle bones假日经济holiday economy坚持统一,反对分裂,增加了解,化解歧见persist in reunification, oppose separation,increase understanding and iron out differences监督部门watchdog尖端产品highly sophisticated products剪彩cut the ribbon剪刀差the scissors gap between the prices of ... and ...减负alleviate burdens on sb.减速玻璃(汽车)decelerating glass减员增效downsizing for efficiency; cut payroll to improve efficiency江南水乡the south of the lower reaches of the Yangze River讲诚信,反欺诈:honor credibility and oppose cheating降落伞候选人,外来候选人(应召而来参加本人非所在地区竞选的政党候选人)parachute candidate脚踩两只船sit on the fence脚踏实地be down-to-earth侥幸球fluke教学法pedagogy; teaching method教育部社政司Social Science Research and Ideological Work Department of the Ministry of Education接口interface街道企业neighborhood enterprise街心花园park at an intersection; garden in the city center节奏布鲁斯音乐(RMB音乐)rhythm blues解放生产力emancipate the productive forces解放思想、实事求是的思想路线ideological line of emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts解困基金anti-poverty funds结售汇制度the system of exchange, settlement and sales戒毒所drug rehabilitation center戒急用忍overcome impetuosity and exercise patience金本位gold standard金边债券gilt-edged bonds金刚经Vajracchedika-sutra金降落伞golden parachute金融电子化computerize financial services金税工程Golden Tax Project金无足赤, 人无完人Gold can't be pure and man can't be perfect.紧箍咒inhibiting magic phrase紧密型企业集团tightly-knit groups of enterprises紧追cling to, shadow, thunder on one's trail近海渔业offshore fishery近水楼台先得月First come, first served;A water-front pavilion gets the moonlight first--the advantage of being in a favored position.进出口商会chamber of import and export trade进口渗透import penetration进修班class for further studies禁渔期closed fishing seasons禁止在任何地方、任何环境进行一切方式的释放核能的核武器试验保爆炸prohibit anynuclear weapon test explosion which releases nuclear energy at any place and in any environment经常项目顺差favorable balance of current account, surplus of current account经常性贷款commercial lending经常性支出running expenses经济林cash tree经济全球化economic globalization; economic integration经济失调指数misery index经济头脑commercially minded people; people with business sense经营管理高度科学化的现代化大企业modern big enterprise with highly scientific management system精简机构streamline government organs 精品competitive products京剧票友Peking Opera fan京剧人物脸谱types of facial make-up in Beijing opera景泰蓝cloisonné敬业精神professional dedication; professional ethics劲射power shot九五攻关State Key Task 95居委会neighborhood committee; residents' committee局域网local area network (LAN)举报电话informants' hot-line telephone 拒载refuse to take passengers君子之交淡如水the friendship between gentlemen is as pure as crystal;a hedge between keeps friendship green竣工式completion ceremonyK.卡丁车kart开发一代,储存一带,预研一代(产品)to develop this generation of productswhile researching on the next generation of products开放式基金open-ended fund开工不足enterprises running under their production capacity开工典礼commencement ceremony开后门under-the-counter deals; offer advantages to one's friends or relatives by underhand means开题报告opening speech; opening report 开小灶give special favor开夜车burn the midnight oil; work over night看守政府, 看守内阁,过渡政府caretaker cabinet坎儿井karez抗美援朝战争War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea抗震棚quake-proof shelter考研take part in the entrance exams for postgraduate schools考研热the craze for graduate school科技成果转化为生产力transfer of scientific and technological achievements 科技含量technology content科技是第一生产力Science and technology constitute a primary productive force.科教兴国rely on science and education to rejuvenate the nation科研攻关scientific research and tackle the key research project可持续发展sustainable development刻录机CD writer; disc-carving machine 空头支票accommodation note, lip service 空中小姐air hostess; air stewardess控股公司holding company扣帽子put a label on跨世纪工程a trans-century project跨越式发展great-leap-forward development快讯news flash; flash宽带接入broadband access宽带网broadband networks宽限期grace period亏损企业enterprises running in the red/under deficit困难职工the needyL.垃圾债券junk bond拉动经济增长fuel economic growth拉拉队cheering squad拉拉队长cheer-leader, rooter king拉关系try to curry favor with来电显示电话机caller ID telephone来料加工process materials supplied by clients; accept customers' materials for processing劳动合同制labor contract system老生常谈,陈词滥调cut and dried老字号an old and famous shop or enterprise"篱笆墙" barriers/ blockage to inter-regional trading礼尚往来Courtesy calls for reciprocity.理货公司tally company礼仪小姐ritual girl利改税substitution of tax payment for profit delivery利好因素wrinkle利基niche立体农业three-dimensional agriculture 廉政建设construction of a clean and honest administration廉政、勤政、务实、高效政府an honest, diligent, pragmatic and efficient government廉洁奉公,以正治国(of an official) clean and devoted, and govern the state with his own example of uprightness联产承包责任制system of contracted responsibility linking remuneration to output;contract system with remuneration linked to output联合国会费the UN membership dues (fee) 联合兼并conglomeration and merger of enterprises联合联络小组joint liaison group联合投标syndicated tender联想集团Legend Group连带责任joint liability练摊to be a vendor良性循环virtuous circle粮食收购部门(government's) grain procurement (purchasing) agencies粮油关系:grain and oil rationing registration两岸直航促进会Association for Promotion of Cross-Straits Direct Transportation两弹一艇A-bomb, H-bomb and nuclear-powered submarine"两个对等的政治实体" "two equal political entities两个文明一起抓place equal emphasis on material and ethical progress两手抓两手都要硬We must address ourselves to the problem of both material and spiritualcivilization(both material as well as culture and ideological progress) without any letup."两思"(致富思源,富而思进)to think of the source of getting rich and of making progressafter becoming affluence老少边穷地区former revolutionary base areas, areas inhabited by minority nationalities,remote and border areas and poverty-stricken areas《聊斋志异》Strange Tales of a Lonely Studio猎头公司head-hunting company劣等品shoddy goods; substandard goods; lemon (口语)临时主教练caretaker coach零配件spare and accessory parts领头羊bellwether留职停薪retain the job but suspend the salary留学咨询:consulting on the study abroad 流动人口transient population流动图书馆travelling library; bookmobile (行业中的)龙头老大leading enterprise; flagship of the industry乱集资、乱摊派、乱收费unwarranted pooling of funds, arbitrary requisition of donationsand exaction of fees from enterprises乱收费、乱摊派、乱罚款arbitrary charges, fund-raising quotas and fines《论语》Analects of Confucius论文答辩(thesis) oral defense裸机:bare mobile phone旅行结婚have a honeymoon trip绿地覆盖率forest coverage rate绿化afforestation绿色急救通道emergency green path绿色食品green foodM.马拉松式竞选活动campaignathon马路菜场入室工程the project to build indoor free market to accommodate street vegetable vendors马太效应the Matthew effect (A phenomenon in specific circles whereby one's accomplishmentsand reputation tend to snowball, and those with meager accomplishments have greater difficultyachieving accomplishments. )满意度degree of satisfaction盲流和倒流人员transient from the countryside帽子戏法hat trick冒充包装(销售)[指将劣质商品包装成外观像名优产品出售的做法] copycat packaging买一送一two-for-one offer, buy one get one free美声唱法bel canto 美食节gourmet festival每逢佳节倍思亲On festive occasions more than ever one thinks of one's dear ones far away./ It is on the festival occasions when one misses his dear most.门前三包be responsible for general sanitation, green covering and keeping good social orderin a designated area outside the unit building蒙古包(Mongolian) yurt蒙古大夫quack朦胧诗misty poetry民办教师citizen-managed teachers (teachers in rural citizen-managed or state-managed schoolswho do not receive the normal remuneration from the government)民工潮farmers' frenzied hunt for work in cities民进党Democratic Progressive Party民主党派、工商联与无党派人士non-Communist parties, federations of industry and commerce,personages without party affiliation民族凝聚力national cohesion民族委员会ethnic affairs commission民族文化大省a province with rich ethnic culture明明白白消费(2000年保护消费者权益工作主题)transparent consumption磨洋工dawdle along模拟测试mock test; simulated exam莫失良机make hay while the sun shines 目标管理management by objectivesN.NASDAQ National Association of Securities Deal Automated Quotations纳米nanometer难得糊涂Where ignorance is bliss, it's folly to be wise.南水北调South-to-North water diversion 南水北调工程divert water from the south to the north project男权主义思想male chauvinism囊括complete a sweep耐用消费品durable consumer items (goods)闹情绪be disgruntled; be in a fit of pique 内环路inner ring road内联企业enterprises with internal connections能官能民be ready to both serve as an offical and be one of the common people 能进能出,能上能下competent to work both at the top and at the grass roots能进能出,能上能下,方谓好汉He who knows how to fight and how to retreat deserves to becalled a brave man.能上网的手机WAP phone内耗in-fighting泥菩萨like a clay Buddha fording the river-hardly able to save oneself; each one is looking outfor his own survival年同比year-on-year; on an annual basis 年夜饭family reunion dinner扭转局面reverse the tide, turn the table 农村剩余劳动力surplus rural labour (labourers)诺亚方舟Noah’s ArkO.P.派出所local police station跑龙套utility man, play a bit role, general handyman泡沫经济bubble economy配股allotment of shares配套政策supporting policies棚户shacks; family that live in shacks碰钉子get snubbed 碰头会brief meeting ( A brief, small-scale, informal meeting with no fixed agenda, the main purpose of which is to exchange information.)疲软股票soft stock皮包公司bogus company啤酒肚beer belly票贩子scalper, ticket tout票房box office骗汇、逃汇、套汇obtain foreign currency and false pretenses, not turn overforeign currency owed to the government and illegal arbitrage拼图jigsaw贫富悬殊polarization of rich and poor贫铀弹depleted uranium bomb平均主义equalitarianism平面设计师graphic designer评头论足nit-pick瓶颈制约“bottleneck”restrictions扑网(体)rush-up, rushing普选制general election systemQ.期房forward delivery housing骑警horseback police企业孵化器enterprise incubator企业文化corporate culture起跑器block洽谈会fair, meeting千代田寿险公司(日本)Chiyoda Mutual Life Insurance Co.千禧婴儿millennium infant; millennium baby强化班intensive training class抢跑false start, beat the gun敲竹杠make somebody pay through the nose; put the lug on; rob by a trick切入点point of penetration; breakthrough point亲民党People First Party勤工俭学part-work and part-study system; work-study program轻轨火车light rail train情感消费emotional consumption情有独钟show special preference (favor) to …区位商业location-based commerce屈体jackknife, pike圈外人士people out of the loop全方位外交multi-faceted diplomacy全国卫生城市National Hygienic City全景电影cinepanoramic全民健身计划纲要outline of the nationwide body-building plan全能冠军all-around winner全球定位系统global positioning system (GPS)全球通global system for mobile communications全天候飞机all-weatehr aircraft全优工程all-round excellent project拳头产品competitive products; knock-out products; blockbuster裙带风nepotism; petticoat influence裙带关系networking through petticoat influence群言堂allow everybody to air his view; let everyone have his say; speak one's mind freely权贵资本主义(又译裙带资本主义或亲朋好友资本主义) crony capitalismR.燃油附加税bunker surcharge染指reap undeserved profit from; encroach upon绕圈子beat around the bush热岛效应tropical island effect人才流失brain drain人浮于事overstaffing人工智能artificial intelligence(AI)人海战术huge-crowd strategy人机交互human-computer interaction人际交往human communication人口负增长negative population growth (NPG)人均住房per-capita housing人类免疫缺陷病毒Human Immunodeficiency Virus(HIV)人情债debt of gratitude任意球free kick日本协力银行Japan Bank For International Cooperation (JBIC)融资渠道financing channels入水时水花很少clean entry软新闻soft newsS.360度环幕电影Circamara三八红旗手woman pace-setter三八线38th Parallel三步走战略the three-step development strategy三大作风the Party's three important styles of work (integrating theory with practice, forgingclose links with the masses and practicing self-criticism)"三个代表" "three represents" theory (The Party should always represent the developmentneeds of China's advanced social productive forces, always represent the onward directionof China's advanced culture, and always represent the fundamental interests of the largestmember of the Chinese people.)三个有利于"three favorables" (whether it promotes the growth of the productive forces ina socialist society, increases the overall strenth of the socialist state and raises the people'sliving standards《三国演义》The Romance of the Three Kingdoms三好学生merit student; three good。
中国特色英语词汇英文翻译
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A.AA制Dutch treatment; go Dutch艾滋病(获得性免疫缺损综合征) AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)爱丽舍宫Elysée Palace安居工程Housing Project for `low-income` families按成本要素计算的国民经济总值GNP at factor cost按揭贷款mortgage loan按劳分配distribution according to one's performance暗恋unrequited love; fall in love with someone secretly暗亏hidden loss澳门大三巴牌坊Ruins of St. Paul奥姆真理教Japanese Aum Doomsday CultB. 巴黎证券交易所Paris Bourse把握大局grasp the overall situation白马王子Prince Charming白色行情表white sheet白色农业white agriculture (also called "white engineering agriculture"; It refers to microbiological agriculture and biological cell agriculture.)白手起家starting from scratch白条IOU note, IOU:债款、债务,由I owe you 的读音缩略转义而来白雪公主Snow White摆架子put on airs摆谱儿put on airs; show off; keep up appearances拜把兄弟sworn brothers拜年pay New Year call搬迁户relocated families半拉子工程uncompleted project棒球运动记者scribe傍大款(of a girl) find a sugar daddy; be a mistress for a rich man; lean on a moneybags包干到户work contracted to households包干制overall rationing system; scheme of payment partly in kind and partly in cash包工包料contract for labor and materials保持国民经济发展的良好势头maintain a good momentum of growth in the national economy保持国有股keep the `State-held` shares保健食品`health-care` food保理业务factoring business保护性关税protective tariffs保税区the `low-tax`, `tariff-free` zone; bonded area保证重点支出ensure funding for priority areas保值储蓄`inflation-proof` bank savings报国计划的实施implementation of Dedicator's Project北欧投资银行Nordic Investment Bank本本主义bookishness《本草纲目》Compendium of Materia Medica本垒打circuit clout, `four-master`, round trip本命年one's year of birth considered in relation to the 12 Terrestrial Branches奔小康strive for a relatively comfortable life笨鸟先飞A slow sparrow should make an early start.蹦极bungee, bungee jumping避免“大而全”的重复建设avoid duplicate (duplicated, overlapping) construction of "small and all inclusive projects"逼上梁山be driven to drastic alternatives比较经济学comparative economics比上不足,比下有余worse off than some, better off than many; to fall short of the best, but be better than the worst 闭门羹given `cold-shoulder`边际报酬marginal return边缘科学boundary science变相涨价disguised inflation便携式电脑portable computer; laptop; notebook computer 标书bidding documents表演赛demonstration match剥夺冠军strip the gold medal of somebody博彩(业)lottery industry博士生Ph.D candidate补缺选举`by-election`补贴与反补贴措施subsidies and countervailing measures布达拉宫Potala Palace布雷顿森林体系Bretton Woods system不败记录clean record, spotless record不承诺放弃使用武器not undertake to renounce the use of force不打不成交No discord, no concord.不到长城非好汉He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man.不分上下的总统选举结果the `neck-and`-neck presidential election result《不见不散》Be there or be square.不可再生资源`non-renewable` resources不良贷款`non-performing` loan不夜城sleepless city, `ever-bright` city不正之风bad (harmful) practice; unhealthy tendency不准打白条No illegitimate promissory notes (IOUs)步行天桥foot bridgeC. 擦边球edge ball, touch ball擦网球net ball采取高姿态show magnanimity采取市场多元化战略adopt the strategy of a `multi-outlet` market“菜篮子”工程the "shopping basket' project (program)参政、议政participate in the management of State affairs 沧海桑田Seas change into mulberry fields and mulberry fields change into seas--time brings great changes to the world.What was once the sea has now changed into mulberry fields--the world is changing all the time.仓储式超市`stockroom-style` supermarket草根工业grass root industry (refers to village and township enterprises which take root among farmers and grow like wold grass)层层转包和违法分保`multi-level` contracting and illegal `sub-contracting`差额投票differential voting差额选举competitive election茶道sado查房make/go the rounds of the wards拆东墙补西墙rob Peter to pay Paul拆迁户households or units relocated due to building demolition搀水股票`water-down` stocks (ordinary stocks that can be bought by persons inside a stock company or a business at a cost lower that their face value)禅dhyana产粮大省granary province产量比1997年增加了2倍the output has increased 3 times (registered a `3-fold` increase; increased 200%)compared with 1997产品结构product mix产权明晰、权责明确、政企分开、科学管理clearly established ownership, well defined power and responsibility, separation of enterprise from administration, and scientific management产权制度、产权关系property relations; property order产销直接挂钩directly link production with marketing产业的升级换代upgrading of industies产业结构升级upgrading of an industrial structure长二捆`LM-2E`长江三角洲Yangtze River delta长期共存、互相监督、肝胆相照、荣辱与共`long-term` coexistence, mutual supervision, sincere treatment with each other and the sharing of weal or woe长线产品product in excessive supply厂长经理负责制the factory director (manager) responsibility system畅通工程"Smooth Traffic Project"畅销产品marketable products; products with good market ;commodities in short supply ; goods in great demand.唱高调mouth `high-sounding` words超高速巨型计算机giant `ultra-high`-speed computer超前消费overconsuming, excessive consumption彻头彻尾的反动政治势力an out and out reactionary political force城市规划city's landscaping plan; urban planning城市中年雅皮士muppie (一批中年专业人士,附庸风雅,矫揉造作cutesification,崇尚竟品至上boutiqueification,攀比银行存款bankification等摆阔作风,由`middle-aged` urban yuppie 缩合而成)城乡信用社credit corroborative in both urban and rural areas吃大锅饭egalitarian practice of "everybody eating from the same big pot"吃皇粮receive salaries, subsidies, or other supported from the government重复建设building redundant project; duplication of similar projects抽杀成功hit through筹备委员会preparatory committee出风头show off;in the limelight出口创汇能力capacity to earn foreign exchange through exports出口加工区export processing zones出口退税制度the system of refunding taxes on exported goods; export (tax) rebate出口退税refunding export taxes出口转内销domestic sales of commodities orginallyproduced for exports出家pravrajana; cloister传销multi level marketing窗口行业various service trades创建卫生城市:build a nationally advanced clean city创汇产品foreign exchange (`hard-currency`) earning experts创业园`high-tech` business incubator; pioneer park吹风会(advanced) briefing春蕾计划Spring Buds Program春运(passenger) transport during the Spring Festival《春秋》Spring and Autumn Annals磁悬浮列车Maglev train (magnetically levitated train), magnetic suspension train刺激内需stimulate domestic demand辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old and usher in the new; ring out the old year and ring in the new此地无银三百两 A guilty person gives himself away by consciously protesting his innocence.从粗放经济转变为集约经济shift from extensive economy to intensive economy粗放式管理extensive management促进全球经济一体化foster integration with the global economy促进富余人员合理流动promote a rational flow of surplus personnel促进住房商品化promote the commercialization of housing 存款保证金guaranty money for depositsD.达到或接近国际先进水平reach or approach advanced international standards打破地区封锁和行业垄断break regional blockades and trade monopolies"达标"活动"target hitting" activities打白条issue IOU打黑crack down on speculation and profiteering打假crack down on counterfeit goods打破僵局break the deadlock打顺手find one's touch, get into gear, settle into a groove 大包干`all-round` responsibility system; `lump-sum` appropriations operation大轰动blockbuster大力扣杀hammer大路货staple goods大满贯grand slam大开眼界open one's eyes; broaden one's horizon; be an `eye-opener`大款tycoon大排挡sidewalk snack booth; large stall大事化小,小事化了try first to make their mistake sound less serious and then to reduce it to nothing at all大胜white wash大腕top notch大卫教Branch Davidian大型电视系列片,长篇电视连续剧`maxi-series`大学生创业university students' innovative undertaking大要案major and serious criminal cases大专生junior college student大专文凭associate degree大藏经Tripitaka呆帐与坏帐stagnant debts and bad debts ;non performing funds带薪分流assign redundant civil servants to other jobs while allowing them to retain their original rank and benefits待岗await job assignment, `post-waiting`待业`job-waiting`代职function in an acting capacity单循环制single `round-robin` system当日指数已1120点收盘the index closed finished ended at 120 on that day党群关系`Party-masses` relationship党政机关Party and government organizations道琼斯工业平均指数飙升至9580点the Dow Jones industrial index average soared to 9580 points捣浆糊give the runaround盗版VCD pirated VCD盗打(电话) free call on somebody else's expense through illegal means盗用公款embezzlement单刀赴会start a solo run倒票speculative reselling of tickets倒爷profiteer倒计时countdown等外品`off-grade` goods, rejects邓小平外交思想Deng Xiaoping's diplomatic thoughts低调low keyed (a metaphor for taking a cautious and slowapproach)第三产业third/tertiary industry, service sector, third sequence of enterprises第四产业quaternary/information industry第一/第二/第三产业the primary/secondary/tertiary industry (the service sector)第三代移动电话(3G手机) third generation mobile; 3G mobile 第一发球权first inning第一发球员first server第一双打first pair地方保护主义regional protectionism地方财政包干制system whereby local authorities take full responsibility for their finances地球村global village地区差异regional disparity地热资源geothermal resources地市级城市`prefecture-level` city点子公司consultancy company电话号码升位upgrade telephone number电话会议teleconference电视直销TV home shopping电子商务认证`e-business` certification吊球drop shot吊销执照revoke license钉子户person or household who refuses to move and bargains for unreasonably high compensation when the land is requisitioned for a construction project定向培训training for specific posts“豆腐渣”工程a `jerry-built` project毒枭drug trafficker毒品走私drug trafficking(`state-owned`, state) enterprises独立核算工业企业independent accounting unit(enterprise) "渡假外交" `holiday-making` diplomacy短期债务floating debt断交信Dear John letter (from woman to man)对大中型国营企业进行公司制改革to corporatize large and `medium-sized` `State-owned`对...毫无顾忌make no bones about ...对冲基金hedge fund对外招商attract foreign investment队长袖标(足球)skipper's armband多党合作制`multi-party` `co-operation` in exercising State power多任务小卫星small `multi-mission` satellite (SMMS)夺冠take the crownE.厄尔尼诺El Nino恶性肿瘤malignant tumor恶性循环vicious circle遏制通货膨胀curb (check, curtail) the inflationF.法轮功Falun Gong Cult发行股票、债券issue shares and bonds发扬优良传统carry forward the fine traditions发优惠券以促销issue discount shopping coupons to promote sales发展文学艺术、新闻出版、广播影视develop literature, the arts, the press, publications, radio, film and television; promote literature and art, the press and publishing, radio, film and television发展新兴产业和高技术产业develop rising and `high-tech`industries发展畜牧业、养殖业、林业develop animal husbandry (livestock farming), aquaculture and forestry反对铺张浪费oppose/combat extravagance and waste反倾销`anti-dumping`防暴警察riot police防止经济过热prevent an overheated economy (overheating of the economy)防止国有资产流失prevent the loss (devaluation) of State assets防止泡沫经济avoid a bubble economy too many bubbles in economy)分流下岗人员争取再就业redirect `laid-off` workers for reemployment扶贫、脱贫poverty reduction and elimination妇幼保健maternity and child careG.改革开放和现代化建设的总设计师the chief architect of China's reform, opening and modernization drive改进产业结构和产品结构improve the industrial pattern andproduct mix该公司股票已经上市the stock of the company have been listed (have gone public, have been launched)赶上或超过国际先进水平catch up with or even surpass advanced world levels高举邓小平理论的伟大旗帜hold high the greater banner of Deng xiaoping Theory各族人民people of all nationalities (all ethnic groups)个体户`self-employed` households /people个人所得税individual income tax个体工商业者individual industrialists and businessman公务员public servants; civil servants; government functionaries; government employees股份合作制the joint stock cooperative system股份制the joint stock system股票热降温了the stock craze has abated股市指数the stock market (exchange) index股市指数突破1300点大关the stock index broke the `1300-poit` mark股指暴跌,跌幅7.8%,以14.3元探底the index slumped 7.8 percent to 14.3 Yuan鼓励兼并,规范破产encourage mergers and standardizebankruptcy procedures规模经济,减轻就业压力to ease the pressure of employment (the employment pressure)国防科技`defence-related` science and technology国际大都市cosmopolis国家指定考试`government-mandated` test国家主席/总理/副总理/国务委员/部长/省长/厅、局长/县长/处长/科长/乡长/村民委员会主任president/premier/vice premier/state councilor/minister/governor/bureau director/county magistrate, county head/department head/ section chief/ head of the township/ chairman of the village committee国家公务员制度the system of public services国内生产总值/国民生产总值GDP (Gross Domestic Product)/ GNP (Gross National Product)国事访问a state visit恒生指数(香港)宽幅震荡the Heng Sheng index fluctuated violently获薄利earn (make) narrow profits获厚利earn (make, reap) substantial profitsH.海市蜃楼,镜花水月, 无稽之谈a mare’s nes t海湾战争综合症the complexities of the Gulf War函授大学correspondence university旱地滑雪场mock skiing park汉字处理软件Chinese character processing software航母aircraft carrier豪赌unrestrained gambling好事不出门,恶事传千里Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news spread far and wide.好出风头的运动员exhibitionist, grandstander好莱坞大片Hollywood blockbuster"好球" "Strike"和服Kimono合理引导消费guide rational consumption合议庭collegiate bench核销cancel after verification黑店gangster inn黑客hacker黑社会`Mafia-style` organizations; gangland宏观调控`macro-control`红包(中)red paper containing money as a gift, (贬) bribe,kickback《红楼梦》A Dream in Red Mansions (The Story of the Stone) 红帽子企业red cap enterprise (refers to the reputation a private enterprise enjoys by becoming attached to a government department and doing business in the name of a `state-run` or `collective-run` enterprise)红细胞生成素Erythropoietin (EPO)环太平洋地区Pacific Rim后防空虚leave the defense exposed后台管理`back-stage` management呼啦圈hu la hoop胡子工程`long-drawn`-out project (a project which takes so long that young workers become bearded)虎父无犬子A wise goose never lays a tame egg.互动广告interactive advertisement户口簿residence booklet户口管理制度domicile system, residence registration system户主head of a household护身法宝amulet华表ornamental column/cloud pillar/stele华盖canopy滑板车scooter"坏球" "Ball"还俗resume secular life, unfrock"黄、赌、毒" pornography, gambling and drug abuse and trafficking黄金时段prime time(吃)"皇粮" public grainfunds, goods, etc provided by the government; salary paid by the state挥棒swing挥棒不中fan灰色收入income from moonlighting汇丰银行Hong Kong and Shang Hai Banking Corporation婚介所matrimonial agency婚外恋extramarital love活到老,学到老One is never too old to learn.火炬计划Torch Program (a plan to develop new and high technology)货币化monetization货币回笼withdrawal of currency from circulation货到付款cash on deliveryJ.基础设施工程第一期the first phase of the infrastructure project积压产品overstocked commodities (inventories)缉毒队narcotics squad计划生育family planning (birth control)积极培育新的经济增长点actively cultivate new points of economic growth技术/劳动/资本/知识密集型产业`technology-intensive`/`labor-intensive`/`capital-intensiv e`/`knowledge-intensive` industries技术更新/改造technological updating /renovation计算机2000年问题Y2Kproblem(y for year, k for kilo or thousand)加强税收政策tighten tax collection加强物质文明和精神文明的建设foster both material progress and cultural and ethical (cultural and ideological) progress 加强优生、优育improve prenatal and postnatal care加速科技成果商品化、产业化进程accelerate the commercialization and industrialization of scientific and technological achievements艰苦创业的精神the hardworking and enterprising spirit减轻农民负担lighten the burden on the peasants (farmers) 建设性战略伙伴关系a constructive strategic partnership减员增效increase efficiency by downsizing staff解决他们的温饱问题provide them with adequate food and clothing解困基金`anti-poverty` funds今年第一季度产量比去年同期增长了12.5% the production increased 12.5% between January and March compared the corresponding period (the same time ) last year金融机构financial institutions精兵之路fewer but better troops经济发展全球化的趋势the globalization trend in economic development经济法制化to manage economic affairs according to law; to put economic operation on a legal basis经济技术开发区an economic and technological development zone经济市场化/私有化the mercerization/privatization of the economy经济特区a special economic zone经济体制改革economic restructuring经济萎缩/起飞/兴旺an economic depression (slump,recession)/an economic takeoff/an economic boom经济转轨switch to a market economy精简各级政府机构streamline government departments at all levels精品competitive products竞争意识competitive spirit九届二次全国人民代表大会the second session of the 9th National People's Congress就业前和在职培训`pre-employment` and `on-the`-job (`in-service`) training纠正行业不正之风rectify malpractice in various trades军嫂military spouseK.科技是第一生产力Science and technology constitute the primary productive force.科教兴国战略the strategy of revitalizing (invigorating) China through science and education克隆clone扣除通货膨胀因素后的人均实际年收入the annual `per-captia` income in real terms (allowing for inflation )跨国公司transnational corporation (transactional, multinational corporation ,multinational)扩大/缩小地区发展差距widen/narrow the gap/disparity between regions/localities in terms of developmentL.劳务输出export of labor services劳务招聘会a labor fair; a job fair联防community/team policing连续五年丰收bumper harvests for five consecutive years (for five years in row ;for five years running ;for five years on end ; for the fifth consecutive year)练摊to be a vendor (do business)乱收费、乱集资、乱摊派的现象依然很严重Arbitrary collection of charges, abuse of `fund-raising` and unchecked apportionment (arbitrary quotas) are still rampant.M.盲流和倒流人员jobless migrants from rural areas to cities,influx from the countryside美圆对日圆全面升值the system of pegging the currency to the US dollar名牌产品`famous-brand` products ,brand named product 民族问题the ethnic minority issue母公司/子公司/分公司/办事处the parent company /subsidiary/branch/branch/representative officeN.耐用消费品consumer durables内耗`in-fighting`农副业产品agricultural (farm) and sideline products农村/城市信用合作社rural/urban credit cooperatives牛市/熊市a bull/bear marketO.欧元EuroP.派出所local police station跑龙套utility man, play a bit role, general handyman泡沫经济bubble economy配股allotment of shares配套政策supporting policies培养跨世纪人才bring up (foster) `cross-century` (`trans-century`) specialists棚户shacks; family that live in shacks碰钉子get snubbed碰头会brief meeting ( A brief, `small-scale`, informal meeting with no fixed agenda, the main purpose of which is to exchange information.)疲软股票soft stock皮包公司bogus company啤酒肚beer belly票贩子scalper, ticket tout票房box office骗汇、逃汇、套汇obtain foreign currency and false pretenses, not turn over foreign currency owed to the government and illegal arbitrage拼图jigsaw贫富悬殊polarization of rich and poor贫铀弹depleted uranium bomb平均主义equalitarianism平面设计师graphic designer评头论足`nit-pick`瓶颈制约“bottleneck”restrictions扑网(体)`rush-up`, rushing普选制general election systemQ.妻管严丈夫`hen-pecked` husband取消“大锅饭” give up the practice of "eating from the same big pot"; abolish egalitarianism取消福利分房abolish the `welfare-oriented` distribution (allocation) of public housing全球变暖global warming全面投产开工go into (enter ) full operation; be full operation; be fully operational拳头产品knockout product or competitive product缺少流动资金a shortage of circulating funds (floating capital)裙带经济crony economyR.人才competent people; trained personnel; experts; specialists人才市场the personnel market人均国民生产总值达到中等发达国家水平The average `per-capita` GNP will reach the standard of moderately developed countries.人民币对美圆汇率稳定the stability of RMB exchange rate against USD人民币贬值的压力the devaluation pressure on RMB人均住房`per-capita` housing日经指数跌至今年最低点the Nikkei Index fell to a record low for the year.融资financing; `fund-raising`S.三角恋爱love triangle三角债chain debts三陪服务escort service傻瓜相机Instamatic INSTA(NT)+(AUTO)MATIC商品房空置的现象the vacancy problem in commercial housing商品粮基地a commodity grain production base商业银行commercial banks上海证券交易所the Shanghai Securities Exchange社会生活social activities社会治安情况`law-and`-order situation生活物价指数the cost of living index/the price index谁控股?Who holds the controlling shares?实行董事会领导下的总经理负责制practice the system of `director-general` responsibility under the leadership of board of the bored of directors.使经济进一步市场化make the economy more `market-oriented`使大中型企业摆脱困境extricate (free) the large and `medium-sized` `state-owned` enterprises from predicament实体经济the real economy售后服务after sale service死胡同blind alley私人企业private enterprises (`foreign-funded`, foreign financed `foreign-owned`) enterprisesT.提高军队在高科技条件下的作战能力improve the army combat capabilities under `high-tech` conditions提高综合国力improve the overall national strength (the overall strength of the country)投诉lodge a complaint, register a beef投诉热线`dial-a`-cheat confidential hotline投资热点a region attractive to investors, a `much-sought` piece of land,popular investment spot推进国民经济信息化try to informationize the national economy推进政府机构改革restructure government institutions脱贫致富cast (shake, throw) off poverty and set out on a road to prosperityW.外交豁免权diplomatic immunity外商独资企业wholly (solely ) `foreign-owned` enterprises 外向型经济/城市an `export-oriented` economy/a `foreign-oriented` city, an international city外资overseas investment外资企业foreign invested (foreign founded ,foreign financed ,`foreign-owned`) enterprises .X.下海go into business小康水平the living standards of a fairly comfortable life; a relatively comfortable standard of living消除两极分化,最终达到共同富裕eliminate polarization and ultimately achieve common prosperityY.沿着有中国特色的社会主义道路阔步前进take great strides along the road to socialism with Chinese characteristics摇头丸dancing outreach依法收税levy taxes according the law一次付清pay in full一次消费`one-time`-consumption一次成像照片a Polaroid picture一次偿还信贷`non-installment`一次性杯子sanitary cup一次性筷子disposable chopsticks一次性收入`lump-sum` payment一次用包装`non-returnable` container一次性汇款`lump-sum` payment一次性拖鞋disposable slippers一蹶不振的B股市场a sluggish `B-share` market以经济建设为中心take economic construction as the central task隐形就业unregistered employment; veiled `re-employment`隐形眼镜contact lens有价证券投资portfolio investment拥军优属preferential treatment for families of servicemen and martyrs拥有至少50%的股份hold a minimum of 50% percent of the equity由于资源不足,必须实施可持续发展战略We must adopt the strategy of sustainable development owing to the limited resources.与国际接轨be geared to international standards; be brought in line with international practice (norms)与美圆的联系汇率the system of pegging the currency to the U.S. dollar育龄夫妇couples of `child-bearing` ageZ.增加财政收入increase the state tax revenue (fiscal revenue)增殖税the `value-added` tax (VAT)掌上明珠the apple of one's eye正常贸易关系Normal Trade Relations政策银行policy bank政企分开separate administrative functions from enterprises management ;separate administration from management 振兴支柱产业invigorate pillar industries振兴中华the rejuvenation (revitalization) of the Chinese nation支持强强联合,实现优势互补support association between strong enterprises so that they can take advantage of each other's strengths智囊团、思想库the brain trust (think tank)执行通货紧缩政策pursue a deflationary policy (the policy of deflation)支援灾区(灾民);救灾provide relief to `disaster-stricken` areas (people)制约check and supervision中共十五大the 15th National Congress of the CPC中外合资100强the top 100 `Sino-foreign` (`Chinese-foreign`) joint ventures重视老龄化问题attach importance to the problem of population aging (the aging population)昼夜服务`round-the`-clock service主体经济principal sector of the economy; the mainstay of the economy滞销货unmarketable (unsalable .poor selling )product抓大放小manage large enterprises well while ease control over small ones总产值创最高历史记录total output value hit a record high (an `all-time` high)综合指数停止下滑,上升28点,达到671点the composite stopped the declining momentum, gaining 28 points to 671 最终实现人民币的自由兑换the free convertibility of the RMB will evenly be instituted ;the RMB will finally become a convertible currency。
中国特色政治词汇英译浅析——以“思想”英译为例
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Firth(1957 : 192)曾说过,“每一个词在新的语境中都是一个新 词”。“思想”一词极具代表性,如“毛泽东思想”、“三个代 表”重要思想、“党的思想路线”等等。
随后笔者摘出了政府工作报告以及有关“思想”的英译: 例1 “三个代表”重要思想 (2014年中国政府工作报告) 译文:the important thought of Three Represents 分析:此处“三个代表”首先是党的领导集体的智慧总结,强 调思考的成果。另外,“三个代表”重要思想是经过验证的真理, 并且上升到了理论的高度,选用thought也是体现了其政治高度,体
译文:The Chinese nation loves peace and has, since ancient times, held high such philosophies as “harmony is the most valuable”, “peace and harmony should prevail”, and “all men under heaven are brothers.”①
3.政治等效原则。外交翻译必须一方面重视政治思想和政治语 境,另一方面,要用接收方所能理解的译入语来表达,使双方的 政治含义信息等值,起到与原文相同的交际功能(2008,杨明星)。 如“中华民族伟大复兴”中复兴有rejuvenation, revitalization和 renaissance等译法,但从政治内涵来看,renaissance容易让人想到欧 洲的文艺复兴,不能准确传达原文的恢弘气势和恢复新生之意,难 以达到政治等效。
分析:此例中重要思想指的某个理论体系或意识形态,用 thinking特指这种立场和观念。所以这在翻译中必须对其政治含义 和作用把握清楚,准确表达其政治功能和效用,力求达到政治等 效。
生态翻译视角的中国特色词汇英译
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生态翻译视角的中国特色词汇英译在中文中,有许多词汇是描述中国特色生态文化的,这些词汇包含了中国特有的生态环境、生态理念和生态文明的内涵。
以下是一些常用的中国特色词汇的英文翻译:1. 生态文明 (ecological civilization)生态文明是中国特有的理念,意味着人与自然和谐共处、保护生态环境、实现可持续发展。
它强调均衡、协调和可持续发展的原则。
2. 绿色发展 (green development)绿色发展指的是以环境保护为导向的可持续发展。
它强调经济发展要与资源保护和环境保护相协调。
3. 生态保护 (ecological conservation)生态保护是指对自然生态系统的保护和修复,包括保护物种多样性、保护自然资源和保护生态平衡。
4. 生态系统 (ecosystem)生态系统是指由生物群落和自然环境相互作用形成的动态平衡系统。
它包括陆地生态系统和水生生态系统。
5. 生物多样性 (biodiversity)生物多样性是指生物物种的多样性和生物群落的多样性。
中国是世界上物种多样性最丰富的国家之一。
6. 碳排放 (carbon emissions)碳排放是指工业生产和人类活动所产生的二氧化碳排放量。
减少碳排放是保护环境的重要措施。
7. 水土保持 (soil and water conservation)水土保持是指保护水源地和土地资源,防止水土流失和土壤退化。
8. 绿色能源 (green energy)绿色能源是指可再生能源,如太阳能、风能、水能等。
中国正在积极发展绿色能源产业。
9. 循环经济 (circular economy)循环经济是一种以资源循环利用为基础的经济模式,减少资源的消耗和浪费。
10. 环保产业 (environmental protection industry)环保产业是指以处理污染、保护环境为目标的产业,包括废物处理、清洁能源等领域。
这些词汇体现了中国人民对生态环境的关注和保护,体现了中国独特的生态文化和生态文明建设的理念。
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2011—2012学年第一学期中国语言文化浅谈有中国特色的词汇及其英译专业班级英语笔译研11-3班姓名石念新学号Z11100496导师姓名开课系室研究生教学部完成日期 2012.02.12浅谈有中国特色的词汇及其英译石念新英语笔译Z11100496摘要:有中国文化特色的词汇具有很高的社会文化价值和语言学价值,反映了中国习俗和文化特色。
特色词汇是中国研究中相当重要的一部分。
中国特色词汇是表达中国文化中的特有事物,其中蕴藏着中国千百年文化的内涵,当中国的文化传出中国走向世界的时候,这些中国特色词汇又是怎样不失原味的被翻译成外语从而被外国人所接受的呢?本文将以中国特色词汇翻译成为例,介绍了一些中国特色词汇的被译成英语的方法,它们分别是音译、直译、意译等,通过这些方法可使大家基本了解中国特色词汇在英语交际是怎样被转换并被使用的,逐渐融合进传统英语中的,以满足人们日常生活中用英语交流的需要。
除此之外,还将浅谈中国特色词汇所对应的特别的英文词汇出现的原因之一:中西文化差异造成的词汇空缺。
并对文化差异进行细分详细阐述。
还将提出一些关于中国特色词汇在英语国家传播的前景的看法。
一、中国词汇的特点世界上的文字体系大致可以归属三类:表形文字(图画文字),表音文字(音意结合文字),表意文字(拼音文字)[1](25) 。
汉字,属于表意文字,它与世界大多数民族使用的拼音文字是有显著的差别。
它的字形结构与表意作用有着紧密的关系。
相比之下“英语的字与词是不分的,或者说没有字,只有词。
英语虽然有自由词根(free-bound),但数量有限”就是因为汉字多体现其(形)意,所以“汉语词义比较窄,较为精确、固定、比较严谨,因而词义的伸缩性和上下文的依赖性就比较小,独立性就较大。
”[1](26)就因为中国词汇具有以上的特点,在双语转换的过程中就会出现词汇空缺的现象,而这些特点的形成与其所在的文化背景是分不开的。
二、中国特色词汇翻译的难点及成因即文化差异所造成的词汇空缺语言是在长河的发展中形成的,语言是文化的载体,文化是语言的土壤。
文化的真正意义对于本文化群体来说那是再熟悉不过的东西了,但是对于不同文化的群体,则是非常陌生的。
不同的文化造就了不同的语言群体,于是,当不同语言群体在相互交流的过程中就产生了词汇空缺,即无法在非本族语言的范围内寻找到能够表达其意思的相对应的词汇,而这些文化的差异主要表现在信仰,,道德,,风俗以及其余社会上习得的能力与习惯上。
(一)传统积淀历史文化因素造成词汇空缺现象中国是具有悠久历史的东方文明古国,其传统的文化思想反应到语言上。
传统的固然在人们的脑中是根深蒂固的,就像这个“龙”字,在华夏文化中,“龙”字是传说中的神异动物之一,与凤凰、麒麟、龟合称“四灵”。
除这个字义外,它还被视为中华民族的象征,形成一种中华文化图腾,现在称炎黄子孙为“龙的传人”,可见其影响之大。
后世的很多皇帝就“龙”这个事物作为权威的象征,如坐龙椅,褂龙袍,睡龙床等等。
然而在西方国家,“龙”(dragon)是凶险的,“因为在英语的历史上从贝尔沃夫时代起,龙就是凶险邪恶的象征,是吐火伤人的怪物。
”[1](277)这是传统积淀造成的人们对同一事物的不同理解,其进一步的发展就造成了词汇空缺。
(二)地域文化的差异造成的词汇空缺地域文化差异指的是一个民族所处的地理位置、自然条件和生态环境等不同所形成的文化差异。
语言的产生与人们的劳动和生活有很大的关系,中国英语中大量的成语、典故、俚语、俗语、格言、谚语等都带有浓烈的汉名族特色和地域色彩。
汉民族是生活在亚洲大陆上,人们的生活离不开土地。
而英国是一个岛国,航海业一直很发达。
两者的不同就出现了汉语文化中很多词汇与土地有关,而在英语词汇中很多都与海有关;例如,汉语用“土崩瓦解”形容彻底崩溃,无法收拾,而英文用“get into hot water”表示陷于困境。
“烂醉如泥”英文用drunk as a sailor,这里不用泥,而用的是水手[3]。
(三)习俗文化的差异造成的词汇空缺英汉风俗习惯的差异体现在许多方面,如饮食,婚嫁,节气,对色彩的偏爱,亲属关系等等。
这些差异也常常使语言间出现相对的词汇空缺现象。
比如,在中国,人们喜欢在喜庆的节日里用红色来装扮,认为红色代表着吉祥好运,新人在结婚的时候都喜欢穿着红色的衣服;而在西方国家里它们则认为红色代表着暴力与血腥,新人们在婚礼时则以白色来代表它们纯洁无瑕的爱情,但在中国,白色却时常表示不幸[4]。
所以英语中的吉日不是中国人所想象的a red day正确的应该是a white day。
而汉语中所说的红人则不可以翻译成a red-haired girl,其正确的译法应该是a white headed boy。
再来看看在对待动物的态度上,英民族喜爱宠物,狗是他们最喜爱的宠物之一,他们认为狗很忠诚。
而狗在汉文化中却是一种卑微的动物,它被人看作是“低贱”的代名词。
所以与狗有关的词语大多含有贬义,如:“狗胆包天”“狗仗人势”“狗腿子”“狗头军师”“狗急跳墙”;但英文中,有关狗的词语大多没有贬义,如:“居于高位”be top dog;“幸运儿”a lucky dog。
以上都可以被看成是习俗文化的差异造成的词汇空缺。
三、特色词汇的几种英译方法翻译是一种跨文化行为,它不仅仅是两种语言间的相互转换,更是两种文化的交融[5],其复杂性是不言而喻的。
而中国特色词汇是凝聚着中国悠久文化的精髓,在翻译时要如何在保留中国特有的文化内涵的同时,又可以让西方的人们可以弄懂和接受,那就不仅需要译者有深厚的文学功底而且也应具备丰富的文化知识。
(一)音译音译,在中国,其定义为“把一个国家或民族的人名、地名、或其它名词的读音译成另一个国家或民族的读音”。
而外国学者则把音译解释为“把一种语言中的词、字母的读音译成另一种语言的读音”[6]。
从音译法的定义来看,音译法较之其它方法,在翻译引进专业技术术语、人名、地名和商品名等专有名词时较常用。
而且,音译在双语转化的过程中能够叫完整明显的保留原有读音,听起来显得特别有亲切感。
比如:“茶,由中国流传至世界各国,也是人们所熟悉的,英语中的tea起源于闽南方言‘茶’的读音”[2]369英语中的won ton(馄饨),yamen(衙门),mafoo(马夫),xiucai(秀才)等等。
这样,既保持了语义的中国文化特色,又吸引了读者的注意力,又不失顺应了语言交际的环境。
(二)直译那么什么是直译?目前尚无定论。
但是可以采用一种说法,即在不违背译文语言规范以及不引起错误联想的前提下,在译文中既保留原文内容又保留原文形式,特别指保持原文的比喻、形象和民族地方色彩等的译文为直译[7]。
目标是作到形式与内容的统一,即“形”,“神”兼备。
如“铁饭碗”直译成iron rice bowl;“红包”直译成red packet;“开放政策”open-door policy;“乡镇”township and village enterprises; “黑市”black market “时间就是金钱”Time is money等等,这些翻译既表达了原词汇的内容,又保存了原词汇的比喻。
(三)意译意译,简单地说,是放弃原文的修辞格,也不用其他修辞格,只是把意思平铺直叙地翻译出来[8]。
他是通过对原词汇深层蕴意的理解将原词汇的表层结构有机地转化为译语的表层结构,重在再现原词汇的蕴意,真实的传达词汇所含的信息[9]如“专有技术”technical know-how“三句话不离本行”talk shop all the time “鱼米之乡”a land of honey and milk “小处节约,大处浪费/小事聪明,大事糊涂”Penny wise, pound foolish;“大排挡”sidewalk snack booth等等,这些意译是通过对词汇深层蕴义的理解后将通过找到对方文化中所相似的事物情景,采用,其真实的传达原词汇所含的信息。
它是一种不拘泥于原词汇形式的翻译方法。
它重在传“神”不是“形”似。
(四)音译与意译的结合如ice-cream,中文解释为冰激凌,其中“冰”是ice的意译,“激凌”是cream的音译;之外还有romanticism即浪漫主义,“浪漫”是romantic浪漫蒂克音译的节略,“主义”则是-ism的意译。
综上,翻译中采用什么方法,主要不是决定个人的爱好和主观愿望,而是决定于翻译活动的客观条件和客观要求[10]。
因此,当译者们在翻译的时候,做到尊重原文的主旨的前提下,应该对所采用哪一种翻译的方法进行深思熟虑,以便使译文在被读者阅读的时候较好的吸收其中的知识,在之后的运用中准确的发挥。
四、中国特色词汇的前景“语言是人类最重要的交际工具”(列宁)。
它是人类所特有的,用任意创造出来的符号系统来表达感情和愿望,交流思想的方法[11]。
但是,没有一种语言能够完全承载世界的所有文化。
如今,英语不可否认地成为一种使用较为广泛的国际通用语言,它是国与国之间相互交往的一种工具,可以说它不再为一国或一个民族所专有,而成为一种中性的信息媒介。
随着全球一体化进程的加快,中国对外改革开放的不断深入和中国的进一步,汉语中出现了大量的新词汇,包括旧词新义、流行语、外来新词语等;甚至不少己湮没多年的旧词语也频频亮相,中国在国际事务中地位的不断提高,带有强烈中国特色的词汇在世界大家庭中的地位也会随之进一步提高,对中国特色词汇的研究也将逐步成为中国乃至世界英语教学和研究界的一项重要的探讨课题。
中国的语言工作者在该领域的研究要走在世界的前列,其研究就不能仅仅停在“中国特色词汇”这一小的层面上,对于其它层面也应对其深入的,联系的,广泛的研究。
应力求使中国英语贴近中国的社会现实,努力以全世界的读者为对象,来大力传播中华文明。
五、结论中国人是在中国特有的社会文化中成长,生活的,使用带有中国特色的英语。
在跨文化交际中,中国特色词汇翻译得当,在表达中国特有事物中会起到独特的作用:可以使汉文化渗透到英语中去,进而使英语在中国“本土化”中得以再生。
从汉语意义译成英语后生成新的英语意思,并成为英语文化的一部分。
使得英语读者对中国特色英语也并不十分陌生,对中国文化感兴趣,要达到这一效果就要对中国特色英语坚持不懈的研究。
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[3] 张新媛.中国英语、文化和翻译[J].安阳师范学院学报,2003,(1):45。
[4] 袁良平.跨文化交际与中国特色英语[J].浙江树人人大学学报,2005,5(1):69。
[5] 赵明.语际翻译与文化交融.江苏[M]:中国矿业大学出版社,2003.3。