语法选择技巧解析

语篇解题技巧

语法选择大攻关

一、语法选择的特点

本题型一般为200词左右的叙述短文，在篇章中考查基本语法，第一句话往往是完整的，一般不设空。通过读第一句话可以根据动词的形式判断文章故事发生的时间。所以阅读第一句话，你的注意力应放在动词的形式上。因为有语境，难度较低。

二、语法选择考点归纳——让你知己知彼百战百胜！！！

1. 动词：主要从动词的时态、语态、介词+Ving、情态动词+动原等方面考查。

2. 名词：主要从可数名词单复数、可数或不可数的判断以及所有格的用法。

3. 形容词：分词作形容词的考查，-ed是修饰人，-ing是修饰物，只要会判断主语，即可做对。

4. 副词：考查副词的基本用法之一——修饰动词。只要空格前面出现动词，则应该选择副词。

5. 连词：考查频率最高的是but、so、or、and、although、though、both、either、neither、all 的用法。掌握这几个连词的基本用法即可，较容易选对答案。

6. 代词：考查人称代词、不定代词的运用。

7. 介词：考查固定搭配。考查频率最高的介词：on、in、at、for用在时间前的用法，with、without的用法。

8. 词性：考查句子成分词性运用

从出题的考点来看，动词考查是最多的，一般为3-4题。因此学生对动词的掌握尤为重要。大多数学生认为该题型较难，所以丢分较严重。原因分析：对基础的语法点没有掌握，缺乏解题方法与技巧。

三、指点迷津——让你不再为语法选择抓狂！！！

step1：读第一句话→动词→判断时态→为做题时选动词找依据

话你知：动词会给你很多信息，做题过程中集中关注动词的变化！

step2：以句为单位→找提示词→确定考点

话你知：

考动词：

一看→有无时态标志

二看→空格前有无情态动词、介词（情态动词+动原；介词+Ving）

三看→有无and/or （如有则观察and/or前或后的动词形式，答案选项的形式要与其保持一致）四看→选项出现被动语态，则判断主语与动词的关系是主动还是被动

考名词：

考查单复数，常常结合感叹句考查→首先排除How a选项，用感叹句的判定方法即在句子后面找出主语与谓语，如空格后的词为形容词则选how选项，如是名词则判断该名词为可数单数则用what a选项，可数复数或不可数则用what选项。

考形容词：若选项出现-ed、-ing一般考查的是分词作形容词的用法：-ed是修饰人，-ing是修饰事物，只要会判断主语，即可做对。

考副词：若选项出现ly结尾的，可以判定该空格考查副词的运用。在该句子中，空格前有动词，则要用副词修饰。

考连词：考查频率最高的是but、so、or、and、although、though、both、either、neither、all 的用法。判断文章前后的逻辑关系即可。but：表示转折关系；so：表示因果关系；or：或者、否则之意。and：表示并列关系；though/although：表示虽然……但是，不能与but连用。both...and：表示两者都；either...or：表示两者之一；neither...nor：表示两者中没有一个；all：表示全部都，用于三者以上。

考代词：人称代词——动词/介词后用宾格；空格后有名词，用形容词所有格，没有名词则用名词所有格；反身代词常考——enjoy oneself / help yourself / dress oneself / teach oneself；不定代词something、everything、anything、nothing——被形容词修饰时，形容词后置；other、the other、others、the others——other、the other分别为“其他的”、“其余的”的意思，后面跟名词，others、the others分别为“其他人/东西”、“其余的人/东西”，已经是名词。有the，说明是在一定范围内。

考介词：常考on、in、at、for用在时间前的用法，with、without的用法。at: 用于具体时刻、传统节日前，例如：at 8:00，at Christmas. 固定搭配：at noon, at night in: 用于世纪、年、季节、月等不具体的时间前，例如：in 2011固定搭配：in the morning/afternoon/evening on: 用于具体的某一天，或具体的早上、下午、晚上。for: 后面+一段时间，现在完成时的标志with: 与...一起，和...；带着...，有...的；以(手段、材料)，用(工具) without: 没有。千叮万嘱：介词后面的动词+ing

考词性：

根据句子意思和成分，判断需要的词性。熟记不同词性的前后缀。

step3：代入答案充分说服你的选项是百分之百对的！

【实战演练】

(天河区)

If you have failed in the past to try to make big changes in life, try again now, one small step at a time.

Every year it’s the same. As December 26 to an end, you think about the new year and all the ways you want to improve your life. But as you start to write down your hopes for the new year, you think about the last year. You 27 write down all the changes you are going to make, but by the end of January those ideas get 28 in your busy life.

Here’s the suggestion: Forget the too big, hard-to-achieve goals and just think about the small ones. “We often think that we must do everything in big steps, 29 it’s so hard for us to reach it,” said Robert Maurer, 30 recently wrote the book One Small Step Can Change Your Life. “What we try to do is to begin with31 small step that we can’t find any excuse 32 it.”

During 33 , American factory managers were able to increase productivity（提高生产率）34 trying small, continuous (持续的) improvements instead of sudden changes. After the war, the idea 35 to a rebuilding Japan. It made Japan strong quickly. The Japanese called it “Kaizen”, which means “improvement”.

26. A. come B. came C. comes D. coming

27. A. excite B. excited C. exciting D. excitedly

28. A. loses B. lost C. lose D. to lose

29.A. but B. / C. because D. if

30. A. which B. that C. whom D. who

31. A. such a B. such C. so D. so a

32. A. don’t do B. doesn’t do C. not to do D. not do

33. A. world war two B. World War II C. the World War Two D. Second World War

34. A. for B. from C. by D. with

35. A. brought B. brings C. is brought D. was brought

(增城区)

An old man lived in a nice house with a large garden. He took care of his flowers all the time.

One day a young man went past the garden. He looked at the beautiful flowers, imagining how happy he could be if he lived in 26 . Then, suddenly he found the old gardener was blind. He was very 27 about this and asked, “You can’t see these flowers. Why are you busy 28

care of them every day?”

The old man smiled and said “I can tell you four reasons. First, I was a gardener when I was young, and I really like this job. Second, I can touch the flowers 29 seeing them. Third, I can smell the sweetness of them. The last one, that’s for you.”