(完整word版)中考英语语法总复习(外研社版)史上最全
外研版完整版初中英语中考语法总复习专题(提优版)
外研版完整版初中英语中考语法总复习专题(提优版)一、选择题1．It’s hot today, ______we want to go swimming in the river.A．though B．but C．so D．or2．Be more careful this time, ______ you’ll make the same mistake again.A．and B．or C．so D．but3．He ran quickly all the way to school, ______ he was still late.A．but B．and C．or D．so4．They don’t think Lee can do the job, ________ he has decided to show them he can. A．but B．so C．or D．and5．Speak louder, __________ everyone can understand you.A．so B．or C．for D．but6．The music was too loud, I turned it down.A．so B．because C．but D．or7．I had a fever, _ I went to see a doctor.A．for B．or C．but D．so8．The last bus had left when we arrived，_____ we had to find a hotel to stay for the night．A．so B．but C．or D．because9．--Anna, what a nice dress you are wearing today!--Thank you. It fits me well, ______________ the colour is not my favourite.A．and B．so C．but D．or10．I got up late yesterday, ____ I had to take my breakfast with me on the bus.A．and B．but C．or D．so11．To some people living in Shanghai, the face of Shanghai may have changed, ________ the heart of it remains the same.A．but B．and C．so D．or12．People cut down too many trees, _____ the greenhouse effect becomes more and more serious.A．so B．because C．although D．if 13．—Hurry up, Tom, we’ll be late for the movie.—Ok, I will.A．but B．or C．and D．So14．—The brown jacket is nice, ________ it doesn’t look good on me.—Why not try on the blue one? I think blue suits you fine.A．and B．so C．but D．or15．Follow the teachers' instructions, __________ you may get hurt when exercising.A．so B．or C．but D．and 16．Lucy, don’t turn off the computer before closing all programs, ________you could have problems.A．or B．and C．but D．so17．Jimmy set out early for the airport，______ he wouldn't catch the plane．A．and B．then C．so D．or18．Just leave the key to the exercises behind, you will be dependent on it.A．or B．and C．so D．but19．Those who want to lose weight have to exercise every day, _________ they might get fat again.A．though B．if C．so that D．or20．It was very dark outside， ___________ we had to feel our way slowly.A．so B．but C．for D．or21．Would you like to go to the museum with me?I’d love to, ______ I’m afraid I have no time.A．but B．and C．or D．so22．-- Do you like reading history books when you are free?-- No! I like story books _ _ I almost read them every day.A．and B．but C．or D．then23．We will never see Kobe play another basketball game, ________we will always remember him.A．because B．unless C．but D．if24．We can enjoy the books in the reading room, we can't take them out.A．and B．but C．or D．so25．The thing that matters is not whether you fail or not, ________ whether you try or not. A．and B．or C．so D．but26．He studies hard all the time, _________ he has made rapid progress in many ways.A．so B．because C．but D．yet27．It’s not always safe to pay over the Internet, you should be careful.A．so . B．after . C．because . D．as soon as 28．It was raining heavily, _____ we decided to stay at home and watch TV.A．but B．or C．because D．so29．----Would you like to lend me some money?----I’d love to, _______ I left my purse at home.A．so B．and C．or D．but30．The team met a lot of difficulties, ______ they never gave up and won the game at last. A．or: B．and C．but D．so31．You should return the digital camera to Sally ________she will get angry.A．so that B．because C．before D．or32．Mike recently got a package, ________ he didn’t remember buying anything.A．so B．or C．for D．but33．（江苏省无锡市锡北片2017届九年级下学期期中考试）— Are you willing to buy something big like a house from online shops?—It sounds great ______________ I won’t do that.A．but B．unless C．though D．since34．一Will you go shopping with me_______go to the cinema with Kitty?一I’m sorry，_______I’m afraid I can’t．I have so much homework to do now．A．or；but B．or；and C．and；but D．and；or35．I was late for school today ______ I didn’t catch the early bus.A．because B．so C．but D．then36．Many people think movie stars are special， really they're no different from anybody else. A．and B．or C．but D．Though37．I'd like to stay longer, I'm too busy.A．and B．but C．or D．until38．– How do you like this soap opera?–I think it’s very boring, ________ my mother always wants to watch it.A．if B．but C．or D．So39．Mom added some salt into the soup, ______ it still wasn't salty enough.A．so B．and C．but D．or40．A snake bit him ___________ he went to see a doctor at once.A．if B．where C．because D．so【参考答案】一、选择题1．C【解析】试题分析：句意：今天真热，因此我们想去河里游泳。
(完整word版)外研版九年级英语上册语法知识点汇总.docx
.外研版九年级英语上语法汇总一.现在进行时的用法现在进行时主要用来表示现在活当前一段时间内正在进行的动作或者存在的状态。
例如： I'm watching TV now.例如： Lucy is preparing for the test these days, but now she is playing the piano.现在进行时肯定句的结构：主语+be（ am/is/are）+动词的现在分词（-ing ）以动词 work 为例：肯定式I am working.He/she/it is We/You/They are working.working.疑问式Am i working?Is he/She/It Are we/you/they working?working?1,I am not working.否定式2,He/She/It is not(isn’ t) working.3,We/You/They are not(aren’ t) working.1,Am i not working?否定疑问式2,Is he/she/it not working?或 Isn ’ t he/she/it working?3,Are we/you/they not working?或 Aren ’ t we/you/they working?注意： come，go， leave ， arrive， fly， start ， begin等动词，可用现在进行时表示将来的概念。
例如： The train is leaving in five minutes.二. 一般将来时的用法1. be going to引导的一般将来时be going to表示将要发生的事或打算、计划要做某事，它是一般将来时的一种表达形式，其后常有表示将来的时间状语，如 tomorrow 、 next week等，形式是： be going to+动词原形。
外研版完整版初中英语中考语法总复习专题(提优版)
外研版完整版初中英语中考语法总复习专题(提优版)一、选择题1．A new bridge the Yangtze River in Nanjing opened to traffic on Dec. 24, 2020. A．through B．over C．on D．along2．My family get together and have a big dinner ________ Sundays.A．at B．in C．on D．to3．V olunteering is a good way to experience life ________ the campus (校园). Take an active part in it, and you will learn more about the world.A．over B．beyond C．against D．above4．To fully understand the writer, we must read not only between the lines, but sometimes________ the lines.A．within B．beyond C．beside D．among5．—You look frightened, what’s up?— A terrible accident happened this morning. A truck was running fast when an old man was about to cross the road. I bet he will not live ________ the night.A．along B．away C．through D．in6．________small actions, like reusing water, we can make a great difference to our world. A．Across B．Beyond C．Through D．Against 7．Taking part in a social activity can help take your mind ________ matters that worry you and make you feel good about yourself.A．through B．across C．off D．into8．A study shows that rude languages spoken to children may have bad results that go ________ those of beating them.A．against B．beyond C．except D．with9．My mum searched ________ the messy books and found my pencil was under a Harry Potter. A．as B．across C．through D．for 10．Xinjiang cotton is praised ________ the best cotton in the country ________ its high quality. A．for; as B．for; by C．as; for D．by; for11．— Excuse me, will you please tell me the way to Yangzhou State Guesthouse?— Walk ______ the bridge and go straight on, and you will see it on your left.A．over B．above C．across D．into12．It is believed that ________ December 21, 1891, the first basketball game in history was played.A．in B．on C．at D．for13．The blue planet is so far from the earth that radio signals, travel ________ the speed of light, take 16 hours to reach the spacecraft.A．for B．in C．on D．at14．—I can’t think of any other actress who is more beautiful than Audrey Hepburn.—You’ve got th e point. Her beauty is ________ words and she succeeded ________ hard work. A．over; by B．over; throughC．beyond; by D．beyond; through15．________ Friday afternoon, our school ends earlier than usual.A．At B．On C．To D．In16．Everyone was touched ________ words after they watched the film Hi, MOM 《你好，李焕英》directed by Jia Ling.A．under B．across C．beyond D．against17．I met Nancy ________ my way home yesterday.A．in B．at C．by D．on18．The girl is _____ a singer _____ everyone in her hometown.A．well known as; for B．well known as; to C．well-know as; to D．best known for; for 19．The workers will build a new road ________ the two villages.A．from B．among C．at D．between20．On sunny days, my grandma often reads a novel ________ the window.A．for B．by C．with D．from 21．Because of COVID-19, this summer holiday will begin ________ July 18.A．on B．in C．for D．at22．—A serious study of physics is impossible ________ some knowledge of maths.—I couldn’t agree more. So we should also learn maths well.A．among B．between C．against D．without 23．—Thanks for looking after me ________ my illness, Millie.—Don’t mention it. That’s what friends are for.A．through B．among C．with D．across24．The story The Ugly Duckling ________ Hans Christian Andersen has remained popular among children for centuries.A．in B．on C．by D．with 25．—Sorry, I can’t finish the exercise on time.—Never mind. It is ________ the abilities of most of the class.A．across B．on C．over D．beyond26．The teacher encouraged the students to tell the story ________ English.A．at B．with C．in D．for27．________ a spring morning, a bird flew into our classroom and we were very excited to see it. A．In B．On C．At D．For28．— Would you like to visit the zoo with me now?—Sorry, it’s _______ the visiting hours. Let’s go there tomorrow.A．beyond B．through C．during D．on29．There is a stone bridge ________ the river in front of my house.A．over B．under C．above D．below30．In the end， Mr Song came up____a good method to solve the problem．A．for B．at C．in D．with31．— When will Mr. Smith arrive?— ________ September 6th.A．At B．In C．On D．For 32．Switzerland lies ________ France, Germany, Austria and Italy.A．between B．among C．against D．beyond33．To our joy, Tom pleased everybody by making his dog walk ________ two legs.A．by B．over C．from D．on34．—I’ve been a League member for about two years. What about you?—I joined the League ___________May, 2017.A．in B．on C．at D．by35．Bees and butterflies play _______ flowers. Then they hide _______ the April showers. A．among; from B．among; in C．with; in D．with; on 36．China sent up the final satellite of Beidou Navigation Satellite System(北斗卫星导航系统) from Xichang Satellite Center___________ June 23,2020.A．at B．in C．to D．on 37．—Jack, you should put the things away in your room. It is ________ a terrible mess!—OK, I’m coming, Mum!A．on B．at C．in D．for38．The grassland, reaching out far away, looks rather beautiful _____ the blue and clean sky. A．against B．above C．through D．past 39．Armstrong joined the navy in 1949 and served _______ a pilot for three years.A．with B．like C．to D．as40．My family is always ___________ me no matter what I decide to do. That makes me very pleased.A．above B．behind C．against D．through【参考答案】一、选择题1．B解析：B【详解】句意：南京长江上的一座新桥于2020年12月24日通车。
初三中考外研版完整版中英语常识和习语50题的用法归纳总结含答案
一、选择题1．—We must work hard as a team or we will fail a second time.—Yes. Just as a saying goes, “________.”A．One finger can’t lift a small stone B．He who laughs last laughs best C．One stone kills two birds D．One is never too old to learn2．— , could you tell me where to park my car?—Sure. There’s an underground parking lot over there.A．Let it go B．Pardon me C．Excuse me D．On the way 3．—You want my advice on this matter?—Of course, ________.A．I’m all ears B．I’m all eye C．it’s under my nose D．it’s not my tea 4．—Some people now think there is no need to wear masks when going out.—We can’t be too careful. ________.A．Many hands make light work B．Prevention is better than cure C．Actions speak louder than words D．Don’t put all your eggs in one baske t 5．—All the people of Binhai should work together to make our hometown more beautiful.—Yes. ________.A．Many hands make light work B．Practice makes perfectC．Burn the candle at both ends D．Don’t put all your eggs in one basket 6．Look at the text below on environment. What kind of way is used to organize the idea? [Our environment is getting worse. The sky is not as blue as before. The water is not clean any more. The weather changes so often. We have more bad weather.]A．Time order. B．Space order.C．General to specific. D．Specific to general.7．—It shouldn’t take long to clear up after the party if we all volunteer to help.—That’s right. ________.A．Don’t burn the candle at both ends B．No pain, no gainC．Don’t put all your eggs in one basket D．Many hands make light work 8．—Volunteers tried their best to clean the park last weekend.—________. And everyone can make an effort to protect the environment.A．Practice makes perfect B．Many hands make light work C．East, west, home is best D．Burn the candle at both ends9．In England, if you think that other people are always in a better situation than you, even when they are not, we say “________”.A．the grass is always greener on the other side B．every dog has its dayC．the early bird catches the worm D．actions speak louder than words 10．— Dad never says that he is good at cooking, but in fact he is.— Yes. He always cooks delicious meals for us, that is ________.A．the early bird catches the worm B．many hands make light workC．burn the candle at both ends D．actions speak louder than words11．Do not try to do many things at one time. Otherwise, you will become tired out. Remember, you cannot ________.A．do as the Romans do B．burn the candle at both endsC．put the cart before the horse D．put all the eggs in one basket12．It’s clear that _________. I am crazy about cakes and biscuits and could happily finish off a bar(块) of chocolate in minutes.A．where there is a will, there is a way B．I have a sweet toothC．every dog has its day D．every coin has two sides13．—Why ca n’t you trust me? Not everything you heard is true.—Maybe not. But ________.A．there is no smoke without fire B．the early bird catches the wormC．many hands make light work D．don’t put all your eggs in one basket 14．—I promise I will work harder next week, Mum.—Well, just as the saying goes, “________ .” I do hope that you’ll act right away.A．A friend in need is a friend indeed B．Many hands make light workC．The grass is greener on the other side D．Actions speak louder than words 15．—Steve, to improve your spoken English, you should speak English as often as possible.—I agree. ______A．It’s a piece of cake.B．Practice makes perfect. C．It serves you right.D．Well done.16．—I never thought Eddie did so good a job in the competition.—How lucky he is! Just as the saying goes “ ________”.A．Every dog has its day B．Practice makes perfectC．Actions speak louder than words D．The early bird catches the worm 17．Amy cleaned the house for her father. Her father gave her some money for working. The next day Amy could n’t find her money. Then she found it. It was in her backpack!It is a fact that ________.A．cleaning house is hard work B．Amy found the money in her backpack C．a backpack is a good place to hide money D．Amy’s father is very generous18．—I hope to get the highest grades in the final exams.—________. You never work hard.A．Work like a dog B．In your dreamsC．Every dog has its day D．Put all your eggs in one basket19．—All the people of Yancheng should work together to make our hometown more beautiful.—Yes. ________.A．Many hands make light work B．Practice makes perfectC．Burn the candle at both ends D．Don’t put all your eggs in one basket 20．—I have tried to find the answer to the question, but failed.—Why not discuss with Tom? You see, ________.A．Great minds think alikeB．Two heads are better than oneC．A bird in the hand is worth two in the bushD．It’s better to think twice before doing something21．Here we are in India. So why not try on the saris, dear?A．When in Rome, do as the Romans do. B．No pain, no gain.C．You’ re never too old to learn.D．Practice makes perfect.22．—Amy, your pronunciation is so beautiful now. How do you make it?—Thanks. Just as the saying goes,”_____.”A．Each dog has its day B．Many hands make light work C．Practice makes perfect D．The grass is always greener on the other side 23．–Why can’t you trust me? Not everything you heard is true?- Maybe not. But __________________.A．out of sight, out of mind B．there is no smoke without fireC．a miss is as good as a mile D．actions speak louder than words24．–I have spent several nights preparing for the coming exam.-It’s bad for you to stay up too late. As the saying goes, "____________".A．You are never too old to learn. B．Actions speak louder than words.C．You can’t burn the candle at bo th ends. D．You can't put all your eggs in one basket. 25．—You know what? Susan has won a third scholarship.—That’s not surprising. ________. She devotes so much time to her study.A．The early bird catches the worm B．No pain, no gainC．Actions speak louder than words D．Practice makes perfect26．—Steve, I hear that Peter has won another championship.—It’s not surprising. _____________. He practises hardest in the team.A．Every dog has its dayB．No pain, no gainC．Many hands make light workD．Actions speak louder than words27．—I’ve made little progress in English this term.—Don’t worry. ________A．All roads lead to Rome B．Rome wasn’t built in a dayC．Well begun is half done D．The early bird catches the worm28．My car broke down on the way to the airport, so I rushed there by taxi only to find my flight had been cancelled. What can I say?A．It never rains but it pours. B．Every dog has its day.C．The early bird catches the worm. D．Never put all your eggs in one basket. 29．—I stayed up late to finish my report last night and I feel tired now.—________. Sleep is also important.A．Don’t burn the candle at both ends B．Actions speak louder than words C．Don’t put all your eggs in one basket D．Many hands make light work30．Keep on dancing, and you’ll be better at it. ________.A．Practice makes perfect B．Burn the candle at both endsC．It never rains but it pours D．A friend in need is a friend indeed 31．—Dad, it’s difficult for me to clean the whole yard on my own.— Why not ask your brother for help? ________A．Use it or lose it! B．Knowledge is power!C．Practice makes perfect! D．Many hands make light work!32．Just as the saying goes, “________.” If you keep practising speaking English, you’ll be better at it.A．Practice makes perfect B．Burn the candle at both endsC．It never rains but it pours D．Many hands make light work 33．—Good news! Another new member in the Beidou family was sent into space.— Scientists tried their best to pay attention to every detail. To them, ________.A．it never rains but it pours B．a friend in need is a friend indeedC．a miss is as good as a mile D．the grass is always greener on the other side 34．Which of the following sentences is a fact?A．Beijing is the capital of China. B．The new park looks beautiful.C．Some subjects are difficult. D．I think my pet dog is very cute.35．—It's exciting that Chinese women's volleyball team won the World Cup.—Well, teamwork is important. As we know，___________.A．a good beginning is half done B．one tree can't make a forestC．actions speak louder than words D．every coin has two sides36．----I promise I will work harder next term, Miss Li.---Well, just as the saying goes, “______.” I do hope that you will act at once.A．It never rains but pours B．Many hands make light workC．Actions speak louder than words D．A friend in need is a friend indeed37．He is always telling his director how to run the business, that’s like “________”. A．Teaching his grandmother to suck eggs B．Keeping his ear to the groundC．A good beginning makes a bad ending D．It’s never too old to l earn38．——It shouldn’t take long to clear up after the party if we all volunteer to help.——That’s right. _________________________.A．Many hands make light work. B．Something is better than nothing.C．The sooner begun, the sooner done. D．Practice makes perfect.39．—I promise I will work harder this term, Miss Li.—Well, just as the saying goes, “________”. I do hope that you will act soon.A．It never rains but pours B．Many hands make light workC．Actions speak louder than words D．A friend in need is a friend indeed 40．—How is everything going? --_________.A．Everything is finished B．Nothing has been doneC．Not so bad, you know D．Not doing wrong, you see41．---All the people of Taizhou need to work together to make our city more beautiful.---That’s it . __________.A．Practice makes perfectB．Many hands make light work.C．When in Rome, do as the Romans doD．A friend in need is a friend indeed.42．－The Chinese government has started to teach good manners to tourists travelling abroad.－Very necessary. Good manners will .A．win respect（尊重) B．take you farC．never go out of style D．A, B and C43．—Never give up. If you keep practicing speaking English every day. you’ll make great progress.---Thanks for encouraging me. I know .A．practice makes perfectB．it never rains but it poursC．many hands make light workD．the grass is always greener on the other side44．—Oh，dear! How can I finish so much work in 20 minutes?—Don’t worry. .We can give you a helping hand.A．Practice makes perfectB．Many hands make light workC．It never rains but it poursD．Every dog has its day45．-How do you fee1 about the new film?- I don't like the end.A．All of a sudden B．To be honestC．After all D．In this way46．–If I work hard at my lessons from now on, can I do well in them?-- Sure. _________.A．All rivers run into the sea B．Every day is not SundayC．Better late than never D．Practice makes perfect47．—Hurry up, we must be the first to interview the pop star.—Sure.____________.A．East or west, home is the best B．The early bird catches the worm C．Many hands make light work D．Don’t put all your eggs in one basket 48．—Look at this mess! How much time do you think we need to clear it up?—It is a big job, but _________. Let’s all get started now.A．many hands make light work B．a friend in need is a friend indeedC．the early bird catches the worm D．actions speak louder than words49．—It took me ten years to build up my business, and it almost killed me.—Well, you know what they say, ________.A．there is no smoke without fire B．practice makes perfectC．all roads lead to Rome D．no pains, no gains50．—I spent the whole night preparing my report.—Don’t stay up too late, or you will be tired out. Remember, .A．it never rains but it poursB．you can’t burn the candle at bo th endsC．you can’t put all your eggs in one basketD．the grass is always greener on the other side【参考答案】***试卷处理标记，请不要删除一、选择题1．A解析：A【详解】句意：——我们必须像一个团队一样努力工作，否则我们会再次失败。
外研版完整版初中英语中考语法总复习专题(提优版)
外研版完整版初中英语中考语法总复习专题(提优版)一、选择题1．________ terrible the storm was! Many people got hurt on their way home.A．How a B．What a C．What D．How2．"__________ you've made! But you should still work hard, "the teacher said to the boy. A．What great progress B．How a big mistakeC．What a big mistake D．How great progress3．- How was your voluntary work in the countryside?- Oh, __________ exciting experience! I’Il never forget it!A．what B．what an C．how D．how a4．________ he has provided for us!A．What a useful advice B．What useful suggestionsC．How useful the advice D．How useful suggestions5．—It's reported that Music and Art will enter the Entrance Examination for the High School.— big news! So it's important for students to learn them well.A．What B．What a C．How D．How a6．________to see you here! I thought you were not supposed to come back until tomorrow. A．What surprise B．What a surprise C．How surprise D．How a surprise 7．________ exciting news it is! We can visit Shanghai Disneyland in a month.A．How B．What C．What a D．What an8．________ wonderful news programme we are watching!A．What B．How C．What a D．How a9．Look! ________ the roller coaster________!A．How high speed; is moving B．What high speed; is movingC．How high speed; is moving at D．What high speed; is moving at10．—________ wonderful news program you showed to me!—It's my honor that you like it.A．How B．What C．What a D．How a11．__________ you offered him!A．How useful advice B．What a useful adviceC．How a useful advice D．What useful advice12．―We should le arn from the doctors and nurses ________ help to treat the patients in Hubei. ―Yes. ________ brave they are!A．who; What B．which, What C．which, How D．who, How 13．The robot proves to be useful in many ways. ________ smart the invention is!A．What B．What a C．How D．How a14．— ________ fast China is developing!—Yes, we are so lucky to live in such a great country.A．What B．What a C．How D．How a15．— _________ crowded Guanqian Street is!— Yes, because the number of people has kept _________ greatly since 1990.A．What; rising B．How a; raising C．What; raising D．How; rising 16．How beautiful ________ dress is ! She must be happy to get it ________ birthday present. A．the; as a B．the; like a C．a; as a D．a; like the 17．—Notre Dame de Paris(巴黎圣母院) caught fire on April 15,2019.—____________terrible!A．How B．How a C．What D．What a 18．—the TV series All is well is! I can’t stop watching it.—You’d better finish your homework first.A．What interesting B．How interestingC．What boring D．How boring19．____wonderful our school is! There are many good teachers and students in it.A．What B．What a C．How D．How a20．—Steve, did you eat Beijing Duck during your visit to Beijing?—Sure ! ________ delicious food!A．What a B．How a C．What D．How21．—________ pleasant music it is! —You said it! It brings peace to our mind.A．What a B．How a C．What D．How22．—________special festival this Spring Festival was!—Yeah. Most people had to stay at home in order to prevent the spread of the COVID-19. A．What B．What a C．How D．How a23．I found cooking________ great fun. ________ fantastic time we had cooking all kinds of delicious food during the long winter holiday!A．so, What a B．such, How C．so a, What D．such, What a 24．— terrible mess you have made!—Sorry, I will clear it up right now.A．What B．What a C．How D．How a25．一The air pollution is getting worse. People have to wear thick masks almost every day. 一_______! We must do something to make the air clean.A．What shame B．What a shameC．How a shameful scene D．How shameful scene26．—Look! the man is riding! He leaves other people far behind.—I know him. He is a famous riding-lover.A．How fast B．How slowly C．What fast D．What slowly 27．— crowded Qingliang East Road is!—Yes, because the number of cars has kept greatly since April.A．What a; rising B．How a; raising C．How; rising D．What; raising28．—Jane won first prize in the English speech competition.—________ great progress she has made! Her English used to be pretty bad.A．How a B．How C．What a D．What29．— Many people say the temperature in Wuxi this spring is just like a roller coaster.—I can’t agree more. __________!A．What a strange weather B．What an unusual weatherC．What unusual weather D．How unusual weather30．________ unusual music he is playing! All of us are losing ourselves in it.A．How B．What a C．What D．How a31．________great fun it is to be with the humorous girl!A．What B．What a C．How D．How a 32．—Kate won the first prize in the English speech contest.—________ pleasant surprise she has given us! She used to be weak in English.A．How B．How a C．What D．What a33．—________ excellent work you have done!—It’s very kind of you to say so. It seems much easier than I ________.A．What an; thoughtB．What; thought C．How; thinkD．How an; think34．_________ terrible experience! Luckily, we are all safe now.A．What B．What a C．How D．How a35．— ________ moving person Zhang Dingyu is! He devoted himself to treating and helping patients in Wuhan.—Yes, he won the award for Moving China last year.A．How a B．How C．What a D．What36．________ good advice Jim has offered!A．What B．What a C．How D．How a37．—________ nice day it is today! Let’s go out to play.—That sounds good.A．How B．What C．What a D．What an38．________ big success the film ________ her novel was!A．What a, based upon B．What, was based onC．What a, was based upon D．How, based on39．_______hard work it is! And__________should I do to complete it well?A．What a, how B．What, what C．How, what D．What, how 40．—________ terrible weather!—Yes, many people in Suzhou were badly hurt that day.A．What a B．How a C．How D．What【参考答案】一、选择题1．D【详解】句意：暴雨太糟糕了！很多人在回家的路上受伤了。
中考英语总复习 第二篇 语法突破篇 语法专题十三宾语从句和定语从句外研外研初中九年级全册英语
1.在that 引导的宾语从句中,若是陈述句作宾语,that可以省略。
The radio says (that) it will rain tomorrow. 收音机报道说明天要下雨。
2.连接(liánjiē)代词which,what,who等或连接副词how, where, why, when等引导的特殊疑问句作宾语从句时,从
语法(yǔfǎ)专题（十三） 宾语从句和定语从句
PART TWO
第二篇 语法(yǔfǎ)突破篇
第一页，共十四页。
【中考考点】 (1)宾语从句的时态、语序及引导词。 (2)宾语从句的简化形式。
(3)关系代词和关系副词的基本( jīběn)用法。
(4)关系代词的特殊用法。
第二页，共十四页。
· 宾语(bīnyǔ)从句 考点(kǎo diǎn)一 引导词
[注意(zhù yì)] 下列几种情况通常只用whether不用if:
(1)具有选择意义且又有or或or not,尤其是直接与or not连用时,往往用whether; (2)介词之后用whether; (3)不定式前用whether。
第四页，共十四页。
考点(kǎo diǎn)二 时态
1.当主句为现在时态(shí tài)时,宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。
I still remember the day whenI first came to Beijing.
我仍然记得第一次来北京的那天。
2.where 在从句中作状语,表示地点。
This is the factory
wI wheorerked two years ago.这就是我两年前工作过的那个工厂。
(1)I remember he gaveme a book yesterday.
外研版中考英语语法复习Unit+11+语态专题+专题模拟训练
Unit 11语态思维导图总结重要考点一、各种形式的被动语态【语法收获框】时态时态结构相应的被动语态结构一般现在时主语+do/does 主语+am/is/are + done一般过去时主语+did主语+was/were + done一般将来时主语+will/shall/be going to + do主语+will/shall/be going to + be + done 现在进行时主语+am/is/are + doing主语+am/is/are + being + done过去进行时主语+was/were + doing主语+was/were + being + done现在完成时主语+have/has + done主语+have/has + been + done过去完成时主语+had + done主语+had + been + done含有情态动词主语+情态动词+do 主语+情态动词+ be + done【即刻练习】1. 一般现在时的被动语态---Look! What a nice garden!---Yes. It every day.A. has been cleanedB. is cleanedC. is being cleanedD. was cleaned2. 一般过去时的被动语态The People’s Republic of China on October 1st, 1949.A. foundB. was foundedC. is foundedD. was found3. 一般将来时的被动语态His new book next month.A. will be publishedB. is publishingC. is being publishedD. was published4. 含情态动词的被动语态---Do you believe there are aliens?---I’m afraid not. I don’t think aliens _______ in space.A. can findB. can be foundC. can be foundedD. can’t be found5. 现在完成时的被动语态Great changes in my hometown since 1980.A. have been taken placeB. took placeC. have taken placeD. were taken place6. 过去完成时的被动语态---When did you come back yesterday?---The movie _________________ at ten, and I got back home at ten fifteen.A. was endB. endedC. had endedD. had been ended二、主动变被动【语法收获框】结构相应的被动语态结构动词双宾语①把间接宾语转化为主语，保留直接宾语②把直接宾语转化为主语，保留间接宾语。
新外研版初中英语语法(全册)
新外研版初中英语语法(全册)
本文档旨在提供新外研版初中英语全册的语法内容简介。
以下
是各个单元的语法点的概述：
Unit 1: Grammar
- 介绍了一般现在时和现在进行时的用法，以及它们与频度副
词的搭配。
- 引入了一般过去时，包括肯定、否定和疑问句的构成和用法。
- 介绍了表示过去的频度副词，如often, sometimes等。
Unit 2: Grammar
- 研究了比较级和最高级的形式和用法，包括规则变化和不规
则变化。
- 引入了形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成方式。
- 研究了对比和比较句型的结构和用法。
Unit 3: Grammar
- 讨论了一般将来时的构成和用法，包括will和be going to的
区别。
- 研究了使用一般将来时表达计划、打算和预测。
- 引入了时间状语从句，并解释了如何在句子中使用这些从句。
Unit 4: Grammar
- 研究了现在完成时的构成和用法，包括表示经验、结果和变
化的情况。
- 引入了表示经验和时间段的时间状语。
- 讨论了for和since在现在完成时中的使用方式。
Unit 5: Grammar
- 探讨了一般过去将来时的构成和用法，包括would和
was/were going to的区别。
- 研究了将来计划和意图的表达方式。
- 引入了并列连词和条件句的结构和使用。
...（依此类推，简要介绍其他单元的语法点）
通过学习这本教材，学生将能够掌握初中英语的基本语法知识。
希望本文档对您有所帮助。
第3讲 代词 2025年中考英语语法专题复习(外研版)课件(39张PPT).ppt
用法
例句
特指上文出现的事物，与上文提
it 到的对象是同一事物
The book is mine. It's very interesting.
泛指上文提及的同类人或事物 There are some pieces of bread on the
one
中的一个(只能代替可数名词)， plate. You can take one. 同类而不同物，可以指物也可以 Red apples often taste better than green
this(单数) 指在空间/时间上较近的人或事 This is a map of China and that is a
these(复数) 物或下文要提到的人或事物
map of the wor ld. This is how you do it. Press this button.
that(单数) those(复数)
注意：①人称代词的排序：单数二三一(you＋he/she＋I), 复数一二三(we＋you＋they)。 若 有错误与责任，第一人称排最先。 ②人称代词用于 as 和 than 之后。如果把 as 和 than 看作介词，此时往往用宾格；如果将它们看 做连词，则往往用主格。如：She is two year s older than I/me. She r uns as fast as I/me.＝She
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反身代词
反身代词表示动作行为反射到行为执行者本身。当一个句子中主语和宾语为同一人 时，动词后的宾语应用反身代词；另外反身代词也用于一些固定搭配和系动词之后。
用法
位置
举例
当主语和宾语为同一人时，动词 Nancy has nearly learned how to dress
外研版九上英语总复习含语法知识点共214页
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（完整版）外研社初中英语语法
（完整版）外研社初中英语语法谭记录：外研社初中英语语法（初一到初三）初一上册1 动词be (am ,is ,are)说明年龄，身份，状态。
2情态动词can3 there be 句型4 have got5 some any6 情态动词7 行为动词的一般现在时（主语是第一第二人称）8行为动词的一般现在时(主语是第三人称）9行为动词的一般现在时（主语是第三人称单数的各种句式：肯定，否定，疑问，回答）10 行为动词的一般现在时和序数词A（主语是第一第二人称，第三人称复数的行为动词）一般现在时的各种句式的总结（肯定，否定，疑问，回答）B 序数词初一下册1现在进行时A 动词ing 形式的变化规律B 现在进行时的否定和疑问形式构成2现在进行时、A 问对方是否正在做某事。
B问其他人在做什么。
C问对方在做什么。
3 一般将来时；be going to4一般将来时；will5形容词比较级6形容词和副词的比较级7形容词和副词的最高级8一般过去时（肯定，否定，疑问，回答）9一般过去时（构成和否定形式）10一般过去时（肯定，否定，疑问，回答）11一般过去时的特殊疑问形式。
12 一般过去时（不规则动词的变化形式）初二上册1 一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在进行时2现在完成时（结构）3现在完成时（概念）4现在完成时（与一般过去时的区别）5 反义疑问句6过去进行时。
7表感觉和知觉的系动词8 方位的表达方式（介词表达方位）9动词不定式的语法功能。
10 动词不定式和双宾语。
11 情态动词may /might12 情态动词must ,can初二下册1 五种基本句型2 宾语从句（whether，if引导的从句，疑问词引导的宾语从句）3 不定式和动名词做宾语。
4 if 从句（构成与位置）5 if 从句（if 从句中，一般现在时表示未来的条件）6 直接引语和间接引语。
（陈述句的转述）7直接引语和间接引语。
（祈使句的转述，一般，特殊疑问句的转述，表示客观真理时，原来的时态不变。
外研中考知识点总结
外研中考知识点总结
外研版中考教材是一套针对中学生的英语学习教材，旨在帮助学生全面提高英语的听、说、读、写能力。
下面将对外研版中考教材中的重要知识点进行总结，以便学生更好地复习和
提高英语能力。
1. 语法知识点
（1）时态
外研版中考教材中包含了一系列关于时态的知识点，包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般
将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时等。
学生需要掌握这些时态的构成和用法，以便正确地运用在日常交流和写作中。
（2）语态
被动语态也是外研版中考教材中的重要知识点之一，学生需要了解被动语态的构成和用法，正确地使用在句子中。
（3）名词性从句
名词性从句是英语句子中的重要成分，外研版中考教材中对名词性从句进行了详细的介绍，学生需要掌握这一知识点，以便在写作和阅读中使用。
2. 词汇知识点
外研版中考教材中的词汇知识点涵盖了常用的词汇和表达方式，学生需要掌握这些词汇，
以便更好地理解课文和表达自己的想法。
3. 阅读技巧
外研版中考教材中包含了一系列阅读理解的练习和技巧指导，学生需要通过这些练习，提
高自己的阅读理解能力，提高快速阅读和理解能力。
4. 写作技巧
外研版中考教材中还包含了一些写作技巧的指导，学生需要通过这些指导，提高自己的写
作能力，包括句子结构、文章结构、表达方式等。
5. 听力技巧
学生需要通过外研版中考教材中的听力练习，提高自己的听力理解能力，包括听力材料的
内容和细节理解能力。
总之，外研版中考教材中的知识点涵盖了语法、词汇、阅读、写作和听力等方面，学生需
要通过系统的复习和练习，全面提高自己的英语能力，为中考做好充分的准备。
外研社中考知识点总结
外研社中考知识点总结一、语法1. 语法基础知识* 名词：名词的分类，名词的单数和复数形式，名词的所有格形式等。
* 代词：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词等。
* 冠词：定冠词和不定冠词的用法。
* 形容词：形容词的比较级和最高级形式，形容词的修饰位置及其用法等。
* 副词：副词的种类和用法，副词的修饰位置等。
* 介词：介词的用法和搭配，介词短语的构成等。
* 连词：并列连词、从属连词等的用法。
* 助动词：情态动词的用法及其肯定与否定形式等。
* 动词时态：动词的基本时态，动词的全面运用时态及其用法等。
2. 句型结构* 句子成分：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语的基本构成及作用等。
* 句式翻译：将中文句子翻译成英文句子，掌握语序和结构。
3. 语法运用* 名词和代词的用法：名词和代词的基本用法，代词的指代关系等。
* 形容词和副词的用法：形容词和副词的修饰作用及其位置，形容词和副词的比较级和最高级形式的运用等。
* 时态和语态的应用：动词时态和语态的基本用法及其运用。
二、阅读1. 阅读基础知识* 阅读技巧：理解主旨、推断作者意图、抓住重点、掌握细节等。
* 阅读题型：选择题、判断题、填空题、图表题、细节题、推理题等。
* 阅读材料：文章、广告、表格、图表、通知、书信等。
2. 阅读能力* 阅读速度：提高阅读速度、加强理解能力。
* 阅读理解：理解文章大意、抓住重点信息、理解隐含信息、推断作者态度等。
3. 阅读实践* 阅读材料：阅读各种文学作品、报刊杂志、网络文章等。
* 阅读技巧：练习阅读技巧，提高阅读效率。
三、写作1. 写作基础知识* 写作技巧：合理安排篇章、运用修辞手法、掌握语言表达技巧、运用逻辑思维等。
* 写作题材：叙事文、说明文、议论文、应用文等。
* 写作风格：语言简练、用词准确、表达清晰等。
2. 写作技能* 写作结构：文章段落结构、句子结构及其运用。
* 写作内容：文章主题、论述内容、论证方法等。
外研版初三英语语法知识总结
外研版初三英语语法知识总结
一、动词时态
英语动词时态是指动词的时态变化，它用来表示动作或状态发生的时间。
初三
英语语法中，我们主要学习过去时、现在时和将来时。
1. 过去时（Simple Past Tense）
过去时用来表示已经完成的动作或状态。
一般过去时的构成是：动词的过去式。
例如：
•I played basketball yesterday.（我昨天打篮球。
）
•She visited her grandparents last weekend.（上周末她去看望了她的祖父母。
）
有些动词的过去式需要变化，我们需要记住这些不规则动词的变化形式。
例如：
•go（去）- went（去了）
•eat（吃）- ate（吃了）
2. 现在时（Simple Present Tense）
现在时用来表示普遍事实、客观真理或经常性动作。
一般现在时的构成是：动
词原形。
例如：
•The sun rises in the east.（太阳从东方升起。
）
•She plays the piano every day.（她每天弹钢琴。
）
需要注意的是，第三人称单数形式需要在动词末尾加上。
外研版完整版初中英语中考语法总复习专题(提优版)
外研版完整版初中英语中考语法总复习专题(提优版)一、选择题1．Little Tommy wants to be ________ English teacher when he grows up.A．a B．an C．the D．/2．Lang Lang is ________ great pianist. He started to play the piano when still ________ pupil. A．a; the B．the; a C．a; a D．the; the3．---Excuse me, is there ________ book by Mo Yan?---Yes. It’s on _________ bookshelf over there.A．a; / B．a; the C．/; the D．the; a4．— Is Russia _____ European country?— Yes, though a large part of it is in _____ Asia.A．a; a B．an; the C．a; / D．an; /5．─ How far is it from this hotel to station?─ It is eleven-kilometer walk from here.A．the; an B．the; a C．a; an D．a; the6．—Jim took ___ one-hour ride just now. What a short time he spent finishing such a long way!—He is ______ experienced rider.A．an; the B．a; the C．a; an D．an; a7．Look, there is “u” and“s” in the word university .A．an ; an B．a; an C．a; a D．/ ; a8．---Yesterday I watched ______ one-hour documentary about _____ African elephant.---How did you feel after watching it?A．a, a B．a, an C．an, an D．an, a 9．——Pass me _____________ magazine on the shelf,please,Jim.——But it’s not ____________ new magazine，Dad. You have already read it，haven’t you？A．the ；a B．the ；the C．a；a D．a； the10．_____ great progress he has made! I r eally think it’s _____ great success.A．What a; 不填B．What; aC．How; a D．What; 不填11．—What ________ big surprise! Peter has passed ________ final exam with all his efforts. —Congratulations!A．a; a B．a;the C．/; a D．/ ;the12．Cao Dewang, ________ business man, plan to donate 10 billion yuan to build a public university.A．a B．an C．the D．/13．________ Nantong today is much more beautiful. Mr Jackson said he would visit it________ second time.A．The; / B．/; the C．/; a D．The; a14．The year 2021 marks ________ beginning of China’s l4th Five-year Plan period.A．a B．the C．an D．/15．April is ________ fourth month of the year. It’s ________ very pleasant month.A．the; the B．the; a C．the; / D．a; a16．—Is Russia ________ European country?—Yes, though most of it lies in Asia.A．a B．/ C．an D．the17．Almost all the people in Binhai, our hometown, work hard to make it ________ better place. A．a B．an C．the D．/18．Now, beginning in August, ________ new train line runs from Beijing across ________ Silk Road.A．a; the B．/; the C．the; a D．the; / 19．—Peter, you’ve worked for three hours without a break!—I need ________ useful idea for my design, so I’m busy searching for some information.A．a B．an C．/ D．the20．This is ______ unusual course that is taught in ______ university, b ut it’s of no use to the real life.A．an, a B．an, an C．a, an D．a, a21．In 1985, Spud became___ NBA player and in 1986, he came___ first in the Slam Dunk Contest.A．an; the B．a; the C．an; ／D．a; ／22．—What kinds of music do you like, Lily? And why?—Classical music, because it has ________ lasting value and folk music with ________ strong local colour.A．the; / B．a; the C．the ; / D．a; /23．________ useful robot! It can help us do dangerous jobs.A．How B．How a C．What a D．What an24．— Nanjing, ________ capital of Jiangsu Province, is ________ ancient city.A．the; a B．an; an C．an; a D．the; an25．— What are you reading, Jim?— ______ introduction to the art festival written by ______ university student.A．An; a B．An; an C．A; the D．A; an 26．—What________exciting news report Tom wrote! I think I should read it to all of you.—Really? What________good advice it is!A．\; a B．an; a C．an; \ D．\; \27．—I hear there’ll be ________talk to teenager problems next Monday?—Do you mean________talk our teacher asked us to listen to ?A．a; the B．a; a/ C．the; the D．the ; a /28．Life is one-way road. No matter how you change, it will not go back.A．the B．a C．an D．\29．In _____ eyes of some children, playing on the Internet can only bring them______ fun. A．the; a B．/; a C．the; / D．/; /30．When I carry _______ umbrella in ______ fine weather, they’ll laugh at me and say I’m stupid.A．an；such B．an；so C．a；such D．a；so31．He who has never been to the Great Wall is not ________ true man.A．an B．a C．the D．/32．－ Have you ever seen ______ Chinese movie Wolf Warriors 2 ?－Sure . It’s such an exciting film that I want to see __________second time.A．the; a B．an; / C．a; a D．the; the33．--There will be a new railway station in Jintan. _______ exciting news!--- Yes, it is_____ great help to us. And we’ll have another choice for travelling.A．What; a B．What an; the C．What an; a D．What; the34．–Sorry, I broke your glass by _________ accident.–Never mind. I can buy _________ in the nearby supermarket.A．an; it B．/; it C．/; one D．an; one35．As ________ volunteer at the Yangzhou Expo 2021, Wei Hua understands ________ idea of green life better than before.A．a; an B．a; the C．the; an D．the; the36．The year 2021 marks ________ beginning of China’s 14th Five-Year Plan period.A．a B．an C．the D．/37．―Anna, have you watched ________ film, Sister《我的姐姐》?―Of course I have. It tells a story about a 24-year-old girl who raises his little brother alone and it wins ________ high praise.A．a; a B．the; / C．a; / D．the; a38．To my surprise, after raising the first child with so many difficulties, Dustin is expecting his ______ second in March.A．不填B．a C．the D．an39．Life has ________ value only when ________ has something valuable as its purpose. A．an; / B．the; it C．/; one D．a; it40．---Do you know the TV programme called 24 Hours?---Oh, it is one-hour news round-up on CCTV.A．a B．an C．the D．/【参考答案】一、选择题1．B解析：B【详解】句意：小汤米长大后想当一名英语老师。
初中外研英语语法知识点总结
初中外研英语语法知识点总结一、名词。
1. 名词的分类。
- 专有名词：表示特定的人、地方、组织等，首字母大写，如China（中国），Tom（汤姆）。
- 普通名词：又分为可数名词（如book - books，pen - pens）和不可数名词（如water，rice）。
2. 名词的复数形式。
- 一般情况加 - s，如cat - cats，dog - dogs。
- 以s，x，ch，sh结尾的加 - es，如bus - buses，box - boxes，watch - watches，dish - dishes。
- 以辅音字母 + y结尾的，变y为i加 - es，如baby - babies；但以元音字母+ y结尾的，直接加 - s，如boy - boys。
- 以f或fe结尾的，有些变f或fe为v加 - es，如knife - knives，leaf - leaves；有些直接加 - s，如roof - roofs。
- 不规则复数形式，如man - men，woman - women，child - children，foot - feet，tooth - teeth等。
3. 名词所有格。
- 有生命的名词所有格：- 一般情况加's，如Tom's book（汤姆的书）。
- 以s结尾的复数名词加'，如students' classroom（学生们的教室）。
- 表示两者或多者共有时，最后一个名词加's，如Tom and Jerry's room（汤姆和杰瑞的房间）；表示各自所有时，每个名词都加's，如Tom's and Jerry's toys （汤姆的和杰瑞的玩具）。
- 无生命的名词所有格用“of + 名词”结构，如the window of the room（房间的窗户）。
二、冠词。
1. 不定冠词a/an。
- a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前，如a book；an用于以元音音素开头的单词前，如an apple。
外研版中考英语总复习课件+代词+
whom 宾格,介词后面只能用宾格。
连接代词
由that, what, who, which 引导的名词性从句
关系代词
由that, which, who, whom, whose引导的定语从句
( )1.My father is ill in bed. I have to look after ________at home.
me you him , us you her, it
they them
我
你
他她它 我们 你们
他们，她们，它们
动前主，动后宾，介后宾。
We all like to work with him. 我们都愿意和他一起工作.
You have to tell them the news as soon as possible.
A. he B. his
C. him
D. himself
【答案】C 【解析】谓语look after 缺少宾语, 所以选择宾格him。
( )2.—Are those your books?
—Yes, ________.
A.it is
B. they are
C. these are D. they aren’t
A. yours; my
B. his; her’s
C. her; mine
D. his; hers
【答案】D 【解析】选择正确形式的名词性 物主代词即可。
谢 谢 观 看
代词
主讲老师：kelly
01
考点解读
什么是代词？
代替名词或者起名词作用的短语和句子的词。
人称代词
关系代词
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外研社初三英语语法总复习名词一、名词的分类：根据用法，名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词两类。
1．可数名词有单、复数形式的区别。
需要掌握规则名词的复数形式的构成。
*以y结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s变复数：如：two Marysthe Henrys monkey---monkeysholiday---holidays比较：层楼：storey ---storeys story---stories*以o 结尾的名词，变复数时：a. 加s，如：photo---photospiano---pianos radio---radioszoo---zoos；b. 加es，如：potato--potatoestomato--tomatoes hero--heroes Negro--Negroes*以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时常去f , fe 加ves ，如：half---halvesknife---knivesleaf---leaveswife---wiveslife---lives thief---thieves2.名词复数的不规则变化1）child---children foot---feettooth---teeth mouse---miceman---men woman---women 注意：与man 和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men 和-women。
如：an Englishman，two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词，它是由Germany去y变化而来，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman 是姓，其复数是the Bowmans。
2）单复数同形如：deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese ，jin，yuan，two li，three mu，four jin 但除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。
如:a dollar, two dollars;a meter, two meters 3）以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：a. maths ，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。
b. news 是不可数名词。
c. the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。
The United Nations was organized in 1945.d. 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。
"The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book. <<一千零一夜>>故事书。
4) 表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses (眼镜)trousers,clothes若表达具体数目，要借助数量词pair(对，双);suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers5）另外还有一些名词，即可做不可数名词也可做可数名词，但意思不相同。
单词可数名词意思不可数名词意思单词可数名词意思不可数名词意思work 作品，著作工作German 德国人德语wood 森林木头life 生命生活，人生Chicken 小鸡鸡肉Exercise 练习，体操运动，锻炼Paper 报纸，试卷纸Orange 橘子橙汁Room 房间空间Glass 玻璃杯玻璃Time 次数，倍数时间Japanese 日本人日语Light 灯光线fish 鱼（种类）鱼肉6．）常以复数形式出现并使用的名词：clothes, people, trousers, glasses, scissors, thanks, congratulations, wishes, police, stairs(楼梯), works(著作), woods(森林), times(时代)3．不可数名词量的表示：可以借助单位词表一定的数量。
如：a glass of water \ a piece of cake 4．修饰可数名词的词有：many, few, a few, a number of, 数词修饰不可数名词的词有：much, little, a little, a great deal of即可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词的词有：some (any), no, a lot of, plenty of二、定语名词的复数（即名词修饰名词）：名词作定语一般用单数，但也有以下例外。
1) 用复数作定语。
如：sports meeting 运动会students reading-room 学生阅览室2) man, woman, 等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。
如：men workers3) 数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。
如：two-dozen eggs两打/（二十四个鸡蛋）a ten-mile walk 十里路two-hundred trees a five-year plan.一个五年计划some banana trees two book stores三、名词的格1.有生命的人、物的所有格在词尾加“’s”，如the boy’s bag2.若名词词尾已有-s ，只加’，如：Teachers’ Day the twins’ parents, the students’ books3. 时间、距离、地域等名词的所有格形式为-’s ：today’s newspaper\ten minutes’ walk \the city’s problem4.在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词如：the barber's at my aunt’s (house) go to the doctor’s .5.凡不能加"'s"的名词，都可以用"名词+of +名词"的结构来表示所有关系如：the title of the song 歌的名字the window of the house 。
6.如果两个名词并列，并且分别有's，则表示"分别有"；只有一个's，则表示'共有'。
如：John's and Mary's rooms（两间）John and Mary's room（一间）7. 双重所有格形式：a novel of Mark Twin’s a friend of my father’s / mine代词1．人称代词1．）人称代词的主格在句子中作主语，例如：John waited a while but eventually he went home. 约翰等了一会儿，最后他回家了。
说明：在复合句中，如果主句和从句主语相同，代词主语要用在从句中，名词主语用在主句中，例如：When he arrived, John went straight to the bank.2．）人称代词的宾格在句子中作动词的宾语或介词宾语，第一人称在省略句中，还可以作主语。
例如：I saw her with them。
her做宾语，them做介词宾语，a. -- Who broke the vase?--谁打碎了花瓶？b. -- Me.--我。
（me = It's me.）在正式文体中这里应为I。
宾格代替主格的情况：a.在简短对话中，当人称代词单独使用或在not 后，多用宾语。
---- I like English.--我喜欢英语。
---- Me too.--我也喜欢。
---- Have more wine?--再来点酒喝吗? ---Not me.--我可不要了。
b.在表示比较的非正式的文体中，常用宾格代替主格。
但如果比较状语的谓语保留，则主语只能用主格。
He is taller than I/me. He is taller than I am.3）动物名词的指代一般用it或they代替，有时也用he, she，带有亲切的感情色彩。
Give the cat some food. She is hungry.给这猫一些吃的。
她饿了。
多个人称的排序问题1)单数人称代词并列作主语时，其顺序为：you, he / she and I 如：You, he and I should return on time.2)复数人称代词作主语时，其顺序为：we, you and they*注意：在承认错误，承担责任时，第一人称放在前面It was I and John that made her angry.*it的主要用法:可以表示天气, 时间, 距离, 形式主语, 形式宾语, 身份等.2. 物主代词(…人的): 包括形容词性的物主代词和名词性的物主代词用法：形容词性的物主代词+ 名词; 名词性的物主代词= 形容词性的物主代词+ 名词3．反身代词：（1）加强语气，起强调作用，“…自己”, “亲自”, “本人”（2）用在一些动词后,表示主语既是动作的发出者,也是动作的承受者.常见的这类动词有:teach, dress, help, look after, enjoy, hurt, wash4.不定代词(1) none (of)指人或物回答how many / much的问题nobody, no one 指人nothing指物(2) one指人或物, 复数为ones, that指物(不可数名词),it指代前面提到的物体I have got a nice watch. Would you like to buy one? ( a watch)I have got a nice watch. Do you like it? ( the watch)The weather here is better than that in Beijing. (the weather)(3) 三者或三者以上：all (全部，都) any (任何一个) none (一个也没有)两者：both (全部，都) either (任意一个) neither（一个也没有）*Neither of us is from the USA.None of us have / has ever been there before.*not与both, all 连用表示部分否定.(4)some用于肯定句中,也可用于表示请求、建议或希望得到肯定答复的疑问句中any用于疑问句、否定句中；还有“任何的”意思(5)another泛指另一个the other常与one 连用，表示两者中的另一个one…the other…others 泛指别的，其他的the others特指别的，其他的（有范围限制）(the) others = (the) other + 名词else放在合成不定代词或疑问词之后(6)every + 名词，只能做定语，（三者或三者以上）each两者或两者以上的“每一”，可以单独使用常见的短语：each of each other(7)合成不定代词的用法（略）*形容词后置数词表示数目多少或顺序多少的词叫数词，数词分为基数词和序数词。