被动语态讲解-练习及答案

被动语态

一、考点、热点回顾

【词汇辨析】

1.across, through 穿过

across指从一定范围的一边到另一边。动作是在物体的表面进行。常用于横穿街道、河流，穿过桥梁等。

eg: They walk across the bridge. 他们步行走过了这座桥。

through 侧重从物体的内部空间穿过，动作是在物体内部进行。常用于门、窗户、森林等。

eg: He walks through the park. 他步行穿过公园。

2.ill，sick“生病的”。

ill只在系动词后作表语eg: Her mother was ill in bed.

sick 既可作表语eg: Her mother was sick in bed.

也可作定语eg: Jane is taking care of her sick mother.

若ill作定语，译为“坏的，恶劣的”

eg: an ill person一个坏人

sick作表语时也常译为“恶心的，想吐的“

eg: The boy always feels sick when he travels by car.

【固定搭配】动词+ 名词/ 代词/ 副词+ 介词

make room for给.....腾出地方eg: We can make room for her at this table.

play a joke on戏弄人；对人恶作剧eg: We can’t play a joke on law.

speak highly of称赞eg: The customs speak highly of their quality of service.

say good bye to告别；告辞eg:I don't want to say good bye to them.

take an active part in积极参加eg: They take an active part in school activities.

take care of照顾；照料；注意eg: Could you take care of my plants while I'm on vacation?

【被动语态】

（一）语态：英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。

例如：Many people speak Chinese.

谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。

被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。

例如：Chinese is spoken by many people. 主语English是动词speak的承受者。

（二）被动语态的构成

人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。

一般现在时：am／is／are＋spoken

一般过去时：was／were＋spoken

一般将来时：will／shall be＋spoken

现在进行时：am／is／are being＋spoken

过去进行时：was/were being＋spoken

现在完成时：have／has been＋spoken

过去完成时：had been + spoken

（三）被动语态的用法

（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。

例如：Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。（不知道是谁偷的）This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于1981年。

（2）强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。

例如：The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。

This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。

Your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。

（四）主动语态变被动语态的方法

（1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

（2）把谓语变成被动结构（be＋过去分词）（根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式）。

（3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：

All the people laughed at him. →He was laughed at by all people.

They make the bikes in the factory. →The bikes are made by them in the factory.

He cut down a tree. → A tree was cut down by him.

（五）含有情态动词的被动语态

We can repair this watch in two days.

→This watch can be repaired in two days.

They should do it at once.

→It should be done at once.

（六）特殊情况

1.He made the boy work for two hours yesterday.

→The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday.

2.Mother never lets me watch TV .

→I am never let to watch TV by mother.

3.Jack gave Peter a Christmas present just now.

→（1）A Christmas present was given to Peter by Jack just now.

→（2）Peter was given a Christmas present by Jack just now.

常见的句型结构：

It is(was)agreed(believed/decided/hoped/thought......）that......大家同意（相信、决定、希望、认为）......

It is(was)well known that......众所周知

It is(was)taken for granted that......被视为当然

It must be remembered that......务必记住......