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英语构词法总结与练习

英语构词法总结与练习

英语构词法总结与练习a合成法(1)合成法即是由两个或更多的词合成一个词。

合成词在英语中比较活跃,合成形容词很常见,多数用作定语,有些作表语;合成名词作主语或宾语;合成动词作谓语;合成副词作状语。

quick-servicecounter快餐部,airsick昏飞机,air-dropped空投,warm-heartedly热情地,sightseeing游览观光,cross-roads十字路口(2)制备形容词的形成方法如下:①形容词/数词+名词+ednoble-minded高尚的,good-tempered脾气好的warm-hearted,cold-blooded,three-legged,one-eyed②形容词+现在分词good-looking漂亮的,fine-sounding悦耳的,easy-goingsweet/bad-smelling,cheap-looking③副词+现在分词hard-working勤奋的,far-reaching深刻的ever-lastingrapidlycincreasinglong-sufferingnever-ending④名词/代词+现在分词:peace-loving爱好和平的,english-speakingmatch/flower-sellingflesh-eatingrecord-breakingself-lockingtime/gas-savingman-killing⑤名词+过去分词state-owned国有的,heartfelt由衷的self-taughtsnow-covered⑥副词+过去分词well-known著名的,wide-spread广为流传的well-informedbadly-woundedwidely-usednewly-builtbadlycmanagedover-fed⑦形容词/数词+名词large-scale大规模的,high-class高级的second-handlong-distancehigh-speedafivecyearplan⑧名词+形容词duty-free退税的,airsick昏飞机的ice-coldhome-sick⑨另外除了其他方式形成的合成词,例如:all-round全面的,everyday日常的,face-to-face面对面的,first-rate一流的(3)合成名词的常见构成方式有:①名词+名词silkworm蚕,bloodtest血常规safetybelt,chinatown,trafficlight,shoelaceclassroom②形容词+名词double-dealer两面派,shorthand速记③v-ing+名词waiting-room候车室,sleeping-pill安眠药④动词+名词pickpocket小偷,break-water防尘堤⑤名词+动名词handwriting书法,sum-bathing日光浴⑥动词+副词get-together联欢会,break-through突破breakdowntake-offcheckcup⑦副词+动词⑨另外还有许多副词、代词等也是合成词,如:maybe也许forever永远whole-hearted全心弯叶的myself我自己everything一切whatever不管什么moreover而且however但是nevertheless尽管如此b转化法:不添加任何成分,不改变词形,把一个词由一种词类转用为另一种词类的方法叫做转变法。

(完整版)构词法练习及其答案

(完整版)构词法练习及其答案

高考能力测试构词法Word Formation 一.合成 Compounding 两个或更多的词合成一个词。

方式:1. 直接写在一起。

2. 用连字符(—)连接。

3. 由两个分开的词构成。

话, mirror镜子—像镜子一样反映, drink喝—饮料, record录音-记录, name, date, hand, study,2. 形容词转化为动词 perfect完美的—-使完善 3。

名词转化为形容词(副词) front前面——前面的4.形容词转化为名词 chief 主要的-—首领训练要旨:构词法是英语学习的一个重点,也是近年来常考的项目.特别是在词语辨析的综合运用中,对词汇掌握的要求越来越高.检测构词法,在阅读理解中,已不把这种词汇看作生词,而是把这类词的理解看作学生通过对构词法知识的学习,应该具备的一种能力。

如有的生词,只要其词根是学生们该掌握的或熟悉的,只是加上了前缀或后缀,再者或是合成词等,命题人就认为不必再注出汉语注释。

1.That man was________enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the job.A。

care B. carefulC. careless Dcarelessness2。

The soldier died for saving the child,so his________ is heavier than Mount Tai。

A。

die B. dead C。

died D。

death3。

The child looked_______ at his brother who was badly wounded. A. sadly B。

sadness C. sadly D。

sad4。

He is an expert at chemistry。

We all call him a ________。

构词法知识要点与练习

构词法知识要点与练习

Chapter 4 Word FormationPart I:知识要点The expansion of vocabulary in modern English depends chiefly on word-formation.Not all the words that are produced by applying the rules are acceptable.Rules only provide a constant set of models from which new words are created from day to day.现代英语词汇的扩充主要依靠构词法。

并不是所有应用规则产生的单词都是可接受的。

规则只提供了一组固定的模型,从这些模型中可以日复一日地创建新单词。

Rules themselves are not fixed but undergo changes.affixation 30%-40%,compounding 28%-30%,conversion 26%,shortening 8%-10% ,(clipping and acronymy) blending and others 1%-5%1.AffixationAffixation (也叫Derivation):the formation of words by adding word forming or derivational affixes to stems. ( derivative 派生词)According to their position,affixation falls into:prefixation (前缀法)and suffixation (后缀法). I.l. Prefixation ----------- t he formation of new words by adding prefixes to stems. Itdoes not change the word-class of the stem but change its meaning.通过在词干上加前缀来形成新词。

完整版)六大英语构词法详解

完整版)六大英语构词法详解

完整版)六大英语构词法详解English word n usually includes six methods: n。

n。

n。

blending。

n。

and acronym。

n is a method in English word n where a prefix or suffix is added to a root word to create a new word with a similar or XXX.1.PrefixExcept for a few English prefixes。

XXX suffixes。

on the other hand。

generally change the part of XXX.1) Prefixes that indicate n include dis-。

il-。

im-。

in-。

ir-。

mis-。

non-。

un-。

etc。

Adding these prefixes to the beginning of a word often creates a new word with the XXX:agree → disagreef air → unfairpossible → impossibleunderstand → XXX2) Other common prefixes include a- (often used to form predicate adjectives)。

anti- (against。

resistant)。

auto- (self)。

co- (together)。

en- (to cause to be)。

inter- (mutual)。

re- (again)。

sub- (under。

lesser)。

tele- (emphasizing distance)。

etc。

For example:co-workerXXXcooperaterewriteXXX2.SuffixAdding a suffix to a word is also an important method of English word XXX often change the part of speech of a word。

第07讲 构词法(练习)(解析版)

第07讲 构词法(练习)(解析版)
【答案】appropriately
【解析】考查副词。句意:人们相信,通过适当布置事物,可以和谐自然界的能量。此处需要一个副词修饰动词arranging,因此使用appropriately“适当地”,作状语。故填appropriately。
3.(2024·辽宁六校联考)Apart from this, existing examples of ancient Chinese architecture are also(wide) praised for its elegant outlines and various features, such as overhanging eaves(屋檐), upturned roof corners, and different shapesof roofs.
【答案】magnificently
【解析】考查副词。句意:这艘船出来时气势恢宏,其形状和特征具有闽北特色。提示词修饰动词短语comes out,用副词magnificently作状语,意为“壮丽地,宏伟地”。故填magnificently。
6.(2024·江西九江·二模)In 2005, the pattern was(successful)selected as the symbol of China’s cultural heritage to showcase the ancient Chinese people’s wisdomand aspirations.
【答案】globally
【解析】考查副词。句意:展望未来,我们将抓住机遇,继续走在共建“一带一路”前列,为全球提供更多高水平绿色能源。分析句子可知,空处修饰动词provide,用副词作状语。故填globally。
2.(2024·浙江·二模)It is believed that by arranging things(appropriate), one can haronize the energies of the natural world.

六大英语构词法详解

六大英语构词法详解

英语构词通常包括六种方法:转化法、派生法、合成法、混合法、截短法和首尾字母结合法.之迟辟智美创作一、【派生法】英语构词法中在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀,从而构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词的方法叫作派生法.1.前缀除少数英语前缀外,前缀一般改变单词的意义,不改变词性;英语后缀一般改变词类,而不引起词义的变动.(1)暗示否定意义的前缀经常使用的有dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, mis-, non-, un-等,在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词.例如:agree同意→disagree分歧意fair公平的→unfair不公平的possible可能的→impossible不成能的understand理解→misunderstand误解(2)暗示其他意义的前缀经常使用的有a-(多构成表语形容词), anti- (反对;抵当), auto- (自动), co- (共同), en- (使), inter- (互相), re- (再;又), sub- (下面的;次;小), tele- (强调距离)等.例如:co-worker 同事,辅佐enlarge 使变年夜cooperate 合作rewrite 重写subway 地铁2.后缀给单词加后缀也是英语构词的一种重要方法.后缀通常会改变单词的词性,构成意义相近的其他词性;少数后缀还会改变词义,酿成与原来词义相反的新词.下面仅作简单介绍.(1)构成名词的后缀经常使用的有-ence,-(e)r/ -or (从事某事的人),-ese (某地人),-ess (雌性),-ian (精通……的人),-ist (专业人员),-ment (性质;状态),-ness (性质;状态),-tion(举措;过程)等.例如:differ分歧于→dif ference区别write写→writer作家China中国→Chinese中国人act饰演→actress 女演员music音乐→musician音乐家(2)构成动词的后缀经常使用的有-(e)n (多用于形容词之后),-fy (使……化),-ize (使……成为).例如:wide→widen加宽beauty→beautify美化pure→purify提纯real→realize意识到organ→organize组织sharp→sharpen使变锋利(3)构成形容词的后缀经常使用的有-al,-able (有能力的),-(a)n(某国人的),-en (多用于暗示资料的名词后),-ern (方向的),-ese(某国人的),-ful,-(ic)al,-ish,-ive,-less (暗示否定),-like (像……的),-ly,-ous,-some,-y (暗示天气)等.例如:nature自然→natural自然的reason事理→reasonable有事理的America美国→American美国的China中国→Chinese中国人的gold金子→golden金的east东→eastern西方的child孩子→childish孩子气的snow雪→snowy雪的(4)构成副词的经常使用后缀有-ly (主要用于形容词之后暗示方式或水平),-ward(s) (主要用于暗示方位的词之后暗示方向).例如:angry生气的→angrily 生气地to到→towards朝……,向……east西方→eastward 向东(5)构成数词的后缀有-teen (十几),-ty (几十),-th (构成序数词).例如:six六→sixteen十六→sixteenth第十六four四→forty四十→fortieth第四十二、【合成法】英语构词法中把两个单词连在一起合成一个新词,前一个词修饰或限定后一个词,这样的方法就是合成法.1.合成名词名词+名词weekend周末名词+动词daybreak黎明名词+动名词handwriting书法名词+及物动词+er/or pain-killer止痛药名词+介词+名词sister-in-law嫂子代词+名词she-wolf母狼动词+名词typewriter打字机动名词+名词reading-room阅览室现在分词+名词flying-fish飞鱼形容词+名词freshman年夜一新生副词+动词outlook景色,风光介词+名词afterbrain后脑2.合成形容词名词+形容词bloodred血红的名词+现在分词French-speaking 讲法语的名词+to+名词one-to-one一对一的名词+过去分词man-made人造的数词+名词one-way单行道的数词+名词+形容词three-year-old三岁的数词+名词+ed ten-storeyed十层的动词+副词one-off 一次性的形容词+名词high-quality高质量的形容词+名词+ed noble-minded高尚的形容词+形容词light-green浅绿色的形容词+现在分词ordinary-looking相貌一般的副词+形容词ever-green常青的副词+现在分词hard-working辛勤的副词+过去分词well-known著名的副词+名词fast-food专门提供快餐服务的介词+名词indoor室内的3.合成动词名词+动词sleep-walk梦游形容词+动词white-wash粉刷副词+动词overwhelm压倒,制服4.合成副词形容词+名词hotfoot慌忙地形容词+副词everywhere处处副词+副词however尽管如此介词+名词beforehand事先介词+副词forever永远5.合成代词代词宾格+self herself 她自己物主代词+self myself 我自己形容词+名词anything 一切6.合成介词副词+名词outside 在……外面介词+副词within在……之内副词+介词into进入三、【转化法】英语构词法中把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法,有的名词可以作动词,有的形容词可以作副词或动词.1.动词转化为名词1)意思没有变动,例如:I think we'd better finish the talk now.我想我们的谈话最好现在结束.2)意思有一定变动,例如:He is a man of strong build.他是一个体格健壮的汉子.3)构成短语,例如:Let's have a look first. 我们先看一下吧.2.名词转化为动词1)暗示物体的,如:Have you booked the ticket?你订好票了吗?2)暗示身体部位的,如:Hand in your papers please.请把你们的试卷交上来.3)暗示一类人的,如:She nursed her husband back to health.她看护丈夫,使他恢复了健康.4)笼统名词,如:We breakfasted together.我们在一起吃了早餐.3.形容词转化为动词少数形容词可以转化为动词.例如:We will try our best to better our living conditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况.4.副词转化为动词有少数副词可以转化为动词.例如:Murder will out.恶事终势必败事.5.形容词转化为名词1)暗示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词,如:The girl in black appears very beautiful.那个穿黑衣服的女孩子看上去非常漂亮.2)一些形容词如old, young, poor, rich, wounded, injured等与the连用,暗示一类人,作主语时,谓语用复数,如:We don't belong to the rich, but we dong't belong to the poor either. 我们不是有钱人,但我们也不是穷人.四、【截短法(缩略法)】将单词缩写,词义和词性坚持不变的英语构词法称为截短法,主要有截头、去尾、截头去尾等形式.1.截头telephone→phoneairplane→plane2.去尾mathematics→mathsexamination→examkilogram→kilolaborat ory→labtaxicab→taxi3.截头去尾influenza→flurefrigerator→fridgeprescription→script五、【混合法(混成法)】英语构词还可以将两个词混合或各取一部份紧缩而成一个新词,前半部份表属性,后半部份表主体.这样的英语构词法就是混合法.newsbroadcast→newscast新闻广播television broadcast→telecast 电视广播smoke and fog→smog烟雾photo andgraphy→photography摄影,摄影术helicopterairport→heliport直升飞机场六、【首尾字母缩略法】用单词首尾字母组成一个新词的英语构词法叫做首尾字母缩略法.这种形式的英语构词生成的新词,读音主要有两种形式,即各字母分别读音;作为一个单词读音.Testing of English as a ForeignLanguage→TOEFL托福Teach English as a Foreign Language→TEFLTeach English as a SecondLanguage→TESLGraduate Record Examination→GRE美国研究生入学考试1、名词: 可数(1)掌握名词复数形式的构成①直接在词尾 + s(boys, pencils)②以ch, sh, s, x结尾的 + es(watches, buses)③以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的, 变y为i + es(families, cities)④以f, fe结尾的, 变f, fe为v + es(knives, leaves)⑤不规则变动(children, women, fish, tomatoes)注意①单复数同形的名词: sheep, Chinese, Japanese.②只有复数形式的词: people, trousers, clothes, thanks.(2)掌握名词的所有格的两种暗示法①有生命的人或植物的所有格常在单词后边加's②无生命的事物的所有格用of.my mother's bag the dog's house the door of our classroom注意, 加's构成所有格时, 如果名词自己是以s结尾的则只加', 不加s.(3)不成数名词①不成数名词没有复数形式, 且前边不能用不定冠词, 也不能用数词作定语.②作主语时, 谓语动词用双数形式.③使用量词短语暗示数量.a piece of news a cup of tea2、冠词(1)掌握不定冠词a和an的用法用在第一次提到的可数名词双数前或泛指一类人或物及固定词组中.(2)掌握定冠词the的用法①用来特指某人或某物.②用在世界上唯一无二的事物的名称前.③用在序数词和形容词最高级前.④用在姓氏的复数形式前, 暗示夫妇或一家人.⑤某些词组中的固定搭配.3、代词(1)分清人称代词的主格和宾格的用法①主格在句子中作主语.②宾格在句子中作宾语.(2)分清形容性物主代词和名词性物主代词的用法①形容词性物主代词后边必需跟着它所修饰的名词.②名词性物主代词后边不能再跟名词.(3)反身代词的构成和用法反身代词在句中主要起强调作用, 词组有teach oneself, learn by oneself(4)掌握以下不定代词的基本用法①some——一些.经常使用于肯定句, 可修饰可数名词和不成数名词.any——一些, 任何.经常使用于任何否定句, 疑问句条件句中, 可修饰可数名词和不成数名词.注意与some或any组合生成的词(something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone), 其用法与some和any基秘闻同.②each——可独自使用, 强调个体, 用于两者或两者以上的每个人或物, 可作名词和形容词使用.every——不成独自使用, 强调整体, 用于三者或以上的情况, 只能作形容词用.③both, all, neither, none, either, any, the other的区别.含义对象都都不任何(一个) 每(一个) 另(一个)two both neither either each the otherthree all none any every another(5)初步掌握it用来暗示自然现象、时间、距离及作形式主语或形式宾语的用法.It's 3 o'clock in the afternoon.It's about 5 kilometres away.It's raining now.It's important to learn English well.You'll find it easy to make a kite.4、数词(1)掌握基数词和序数词的构成及基本用法.注意以下几个序数词的写法:first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth, twentieth, thirty-first one hundredth(2)掌握千以内数字的写法:8, 231 eight thousand two hundred and thirty-one(3)掌握年、月、日的表达法及日常交际用语中数字的表达法:(on) August seventh, 1979; page 58; Unit25; Class Three Grade One; the No.168 Middle School(4)掌握下列词组的用法:hundreds of, thousands of, millions of, three hundred students 5、形容词和副词(1)形容词和副词的原级、比力级和最高级的构成及使用.①原级: 没有比力用原级, 特定句型用原级(as…as, not as…as, not so…as).②比力级: 两者比力用比力级, 句中有"A or B"句型或than.③最高级: 三者或三者以上比力用最高级, 句中有"A, B or C"句型或由in或of引出比力范围.④其它表达法: 比力级 + and + 比力级表“越来越……”, The + 比力级, the + 比力级表“越……越……”eg: ①Mike is tall.This room is as big as that one.This lesson isn't as interesting as lesson Three.Tom doesn't run so fast as Jack.②Which is better, this one or that one?My sister writes more carefully than my brother.③Who is the tallest, Jack, John or Tom?He is the most careful in our class.Changjiang River is the longest river in China.④Spring is coming. It's getting warmer and warmer.The barder he studied, the more knowledge he got.⑤形容词副词比力级和最高级的构成a、直接 + er / + estb、以e结尾的 + er / + estc、以辅音字母 + y结尾的变y为i + er / + estd、重读闭音节以一个辅音字母结尾的, 双写 + er / + este、不规则变动f、多音节和少数双音节的词, 在词前加more或most(2)易混的副词辨析:①already, 多用于肯定句, yet多用于否定句或疑问句中②too, also, either都暗示“也”too和also都用于肯定句中, too常放在句尾, also常放在句中, either用于否定句的句尾.6、介词(1)暗示时间的介词in, on, atin——用于较长一段时间, 星期, 月份, 季节, 年, 朝代世纪或非特指的早、午、晚等.on——具体某一天或具体某一个早、午、晚.at——在某一点时间或某个瞬间.eg: in 1988, in the 21st century, in winter, in March, in the moring, on Saturday evening, on the May seventh, on a windy night, on the afternoon, of October 31st, at eight o'clock, at night, at noon, at the end of, at this moment, at this time, at the age of (2)in与after暗示“以后”时的区别in——暗示以现在为起点的“以后”, 经常使用于将来时态中. after——经常使用于一般过去时态中, 暗示在过去某个时间之后.eg: We'll come back in two weeks.我们将在两周后回来. They came back after two weeks.两周以后, 他们回来了. (3)ago与before暗示“在……以前”时的区别ago——暗示从现在算起的“以前”, 经常是“一段时间+ ago”before——暗示以过去为起点的“以前”时, 经常是“一段时间+ before”, 如果是:”“before + 一点时间”, 则只暗示在某一点以前.eg: He went to the library 2 hours ago.He said he had gone to the library 2 hours before.They will start before eight o'clock tomorrow morning.I went to bed before nine yesterday evening.(4)for与duringfor + 一段时间常暗示“继续了一段时间”, 而during则暗示在……期间eg: He has been in Beijing for 3 years.I was in Beijing during last summer.(5)in与at暗示方位时at——与小的地址连用, 有“在某一点”的含义.in——与年夜的处所连用有“在…范围之内”的含义.He was lost at the station.The twins were born in a big city.(6)over, above与on暗示“在……上”的区别.over——指没有接触面的正上方, 反义词是under. above——指没有接触面的上方, 在高一些的位置, 反义词是below.on——指有接触面的, 在……的概况上.The plane is above the clouds.The bridge is over the river.The cup is on the table.(7)熟练掌握介词与动词、名词、形容词搭配构成的词组, 另外还要注意, 介词的后边要跟名词作它的宾语, 如果是动词, 则要酿成动名词(doing)的形式.如: She is good at singing.I'm good at English.7、连词(1)掌握连词的含义与用法and(和, 并), but(可是), or(否则, 或者), so(所以, 于是),when(当……的时候), either…or(或者……或者, 不是……就是), neither…nor(既不……也不……), so…that(如此……以致于……)8、动词(1)熟练掌握动词的现在分词, 第三人称双数, 过去式, 和过去分词的构成.注意牢记不规则动词的过去式和过去分词.(2)掌握四类动词的一般用法:①实义动词——分为及物和不及物两种, 在句中作谓语.②连系动词——be, look, feel, get, turn, become, keep等, 在句中与表语一起构成相当于谓语部份的系表结构.③助动词——帮手谓语动词构成份歧的时态和否定句, 疑问句, 不能独自使用, 也无含义.④情态动词——可以说是一种特殊的助动词, 情态动词没有人称和数的变动, 后边必需跟动词原形, 而且自己不单有含义而且可以直接构成否定句和疑问句.(3)非谓语动词的习惯用法, 一定要熟记1)begin to do sth 2)start to do sth3)decide to do sth 4)want to do sth5)(would) like to do sth 6)forget to do sth7)remember to do sth 8)love to do sth9)learn to do sth 10)need to do sth11)try to do sth 12)try not to do sth13)stop to do sth 14)ask sb.to do sth15)ask sb.not to do sth 16)like sb.to do sth17)teach sb.to do sth 18)tell sb.to do sth19)tell sb.to do sth 20)want sb.to do sth21)help sb.(to) do sth 22)let sb.do sth23)have sb.do sth 24)make sb.do sth25)had better do sth 26)had better not do sth27)feel / hear sb.do sth 28)watch / see sb.do sth29)why not do sth 30)be busy doing sth31)see / watch sb doing sth 32)feel / hear sb doing sth 33)enjoy doing sth 34)finish doing sth35)keep (sb) doing sth 36)go on doing sth37)stop doing sth 38)like doing sth39)begin doing sth 40)start doing sth41)prevent sb from doing 42)stop sb / sth from doing sth43)spend时间 / 金钱(in) doing sth 44)It takes sb. some time to do sth.45)It is good (wrong, easy, difficult, important…) to do sth46)It is time (for sb.) to do sth 47)be used for doing sth48)will / would you please do sth 49)what about (doing) sth (4)能够区别使用下列动词1)tell, say, speak, talk2)bring, take, carry3)lend, borrow, keep4)listen, listen to, hear, hear from, hear of5)look, look at, see, watch, notice6)reach, arrive(in / at), get to7)look for, look after, look at, look up8)put on, put up, put down, put away, put into9)look for, find, find out, found10)take off, take away, take down11)try on , put on, wear, dress, get dressed12)ask for, send for13)get back, give back, take back14)be made in, be made of, be made from, be made by15)get on, got off, get into, get out of16)get in, get up, get on…with17)go down, go on, go out18)look out, look out of19)turn on, turn off, turn up, turn down, turn to, turn over20)send out, sent to , send away, send up, send for21)fill…with… be full of… be filled with…23)be in, be out, be away, be over, be up24)wear out, sell out25)worry about the worried about26)cost, pay, spend, take(5)注意延续性动词(段动词)与瞬间动词(点动词)在用法上的区别.瞬间动词有: join, buy, come, go, leave, arrive, begin, start, open, closed, become, borrow, lend, die, get等.记住: 瞬间动词(点动词)不能与暗示继续一段时间的时间状语连用.。

高中语法:12-构词法(含答案)

高中语法:12-构词法(含答案)
目录
CONTENTS
1
第十二讲 构词法
01 转化法 02 派生法 03 合成法 04 其他法 05 针对训练
1. 动词转化为名词 | 2.名词转化为动词 | 3. 形容词 转化为动词 | 4. 形容词转化为名词
1. 前缀 | 2. 后缀
1. 合成名词 | 2. 合成形容词 | 3. 合成动词 | 4.合成 副词
7
目录
PART TWO
派生法
8
二、派生法
在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新 词叫作派生法。除少数前缀外,前缀一般改变单词的意义,不改变词性;后缀一般 改变词类,很少引起词义的变化。
9
目录
二、派生法
1 前缀
(1)表示否定意义的前缀
常见的有dis,un-,im-,in-,il,ir,mis,non 等,在单词的前面加这类前缀常
1. 截短法 | 2. 混合法 | 3. 首字母缩略法
I. 单句语法填空 | II. 单句改错 | III. 翻译句子 | IV. 语法填空 | V. 短文改错
目录
转化法
PART ONE
2
一、 转化法
英语中,有的名词可作动词,有的形容词可作副词或动词,这种把一种词性用 作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫做转化法。
28
目录
针对训练
29
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1.Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks ___r_e_g_u_l_a_rl_y____ (regular).(2016·全国卷Ⅱ) 2.In addition to their simple beauty,what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their _____a_b_il_it_y_____ (able) to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment.(2015·全国卷Ⅱ) 3 . The river was so polluted that it ____a_c_t_u_a_ll_y____ (actual) caught fire and burned.(2014·全国卷Ⅰ) 4.There were many people waiting at the bus stop,and some of them looked very anxious and __d_is_a_p_p_o_i_n_t_e_d__ (disappoint).(2014·全国卷Ⅱ) 5.___O__b_v_io_u_s_l_y___ (obvious),the story is not true,but the festival is interesting.

英语构词法详细讲解

英语构词法详细讲解

构词法一、转化法(兼类词):指在不同的语境中,名词动用,动词名用等。

如:ok was the first to map (v.)the east coast.(库克是第一个画西部海岸地图的人)2.The house can house (v.)many people.(这房子可以住下好多人)二、合成词:英语中的合成词有合成形容词、合成名词、合成动词、合成副词、合成动词、合成代词等,如:合成形容词:well-known, warm-hearted, easy-going合成名词:raincoat, earthquake, waterfall,blackboard, classroom, motherland合成动词:underline, overcome,合成副词:maybe, wherever, however, therefore合成代词:himself, everyone, nobody三、派生法(词缀法或缀合法),这种词是最为活跃的一种,大约三分之二的英语单词是用这种方法构成的。

因此,掌握一些常用派生词的构词规律对于我们正确拼写单词和在阅读中猜词能力的培养就显得尤为重要。

在英语的派生词中,词根决定词的根本意义,前缀改变词义,后缀引起词类的的改变(个别后缀还会改变词义)1.名词后缀-er:writer, teacher, manager, worker, employer, interviewer-ee: employee, interviewee-or:actor, sailor, editor, beggar, operator-ian:librarian, American, physician-ist:scientist, physicist, artist, cyclist, typist, biologist, geologist-ese:Chinese, Japanese(-er, -ee,-or, -ian, -ist, -ese: 表示“从事某种职业或来自------的人” )-ism:Marxism, socialism, nationalism, communism (-ism表示----主义)-ess:actress, waitress, hostess (-ess表示性别)-ness:happiness, illness, coldness, carelessness, sickness-ment:movement, agreement, achievement, appointment, adjustment-ship:friendship, hardship(困苦、苦难、艰难困苦)-ion:education, decision, communication, impression, description, collection-ity:reality, purity, responsibility, possibility-ance(ence):performance, independence, science , violence, reference, appearance-ure:failure, departure(分离,分开)-al:arrival,survival, signal-hood:childhood, boyhood, neighborhood, livelihood-th: truth, depth,(-ism, -ess, -ness, -ment, -ship, -ion, -ity, -ance(ence), -ure, -al, -hood, -th: 表示“行为的过程、状态或性质”)2.形容词后缀-less: hopeless, endless, careless, helpless, (表“否定”)-ful: useful, careful, hopeful, grateful, powerful-ous:dangerous, humorous, cautious, infectious-able:enjoyable, comfortable, considerable, admirable, unforgettable-y:snowy, dirty, greedy, rainy, sunny, guilty-ent(-ant):different, independent, confident, violent, efficient, distant-tic: optimistic, pessimistic, enthusiastic, characteristic-ary: necessary, revolutionary, imaginary-(c)al: historical, unusual, professional, magical, physical, universal, classical, logical, informal-some:handsome,troublesome-en:woolen, golden,-an:African, American-ive:active, attractive, creative(-ful, -ous, -able, -y, -ent, -some, -en, -an, -ive :表示“属性、倾向、相像”)3.副词后缀-ly:really, nearly, differently, finally, fluently, gradually-wise: (表示“方向、样子、状态、在------方面”)likewise, otherwise-ward(s): upward, downward, inward, outward, backward, forward, afterwards4.动词后缀-ize(-ise): organize, apologize, specialize-en:harden, fasten(使固定、使牢固), soften-fy: beautify, simplify, classify-ate: separate, operate(-ize(-ise), -en, -fy, -ate: 表示“使成为、处理、作用”)5.反义词前缀un-: unfair, unknown, unlike, unwilling, unfit, unnecessary, unlikely, unkinddis-: dislike, disappear, disadvantageim-: impossible, immoral, impatient, impractical, improperin-: incorrect, inappropriate, informalnon-: nonsmoker, nonsense,non -drinker(un-, dis-, im-, in-, non-: 表示“无、不、非”)mis-: mistake, mislead, misunderstandmal-:malfunction(发生故障;不起作用)(mis-, mal: 表示“反动作”)6.其他表示空间、位置、方向、关系、程度的前缀(1) a- , up-, over-, sur-, super- : 表示“在------之上”aboard, uphill, overlook, surface, supermarket, superstar(2)extra-, ex-, out- :表示“在-----之外”:extraordinary, export, outside, outdoors(3)under-, sub-, vice- :表示“在----之下”:underground, subway, vice-president(4)inter-: 表示“两者间”:internet, international, interpersonal(5)co-, con-, col-, com-: 表示“相同、相等合作”coexist(共存,和平共处), connect, collect, combine(6)trans-:表示“移动” translate, transform, transmit(传输信号等),transfer(转让、转移)(7)anti-反,抗,阻:anti-black, antibody, anti-depressant(抗抑郁的)(8)re-再,又:rebuild, rewrite, retell(9)micro-microbiology, microcomputer, microscope, microwave(微波)(10)tele-:远距离的,远的:telephone, television, telescope, teleprinter(电传打印机)四、缩略词缩略:为了称说方便,使事物称谓中的成分进行有规律的节缩或者省略叫做缩略。

英语构词法讲解及练习

英语构词法讲解及练习

名词 ---- 动词
hand n. 手 seat n. 座位 --- vt. 上交 --vt. 坐
nurse n. 护士
oil n. 油 time n. 时间 ---
-----
vt. 护理
vt. 上油
vt. 定时,测时
show n. 展览,展示—vt. 表演,演出
形容词----动词 slow( adj. 慢的)---slow ( v. 放慢) open (adj. 开着的)—open( v.开)
care v. 照料 --- careful adj. 细心的 work v. 工作 --- worker n. 工人
常见的前缀
(A)表示否定的前缀: un-unfair,unhappy non-nonsmoker (常用在n. adj. adv. 前) in-inactive (常用在adj.后) dis-disagree, disappear im-impolite, impossible (用在b,p,m 开头的词前)
examination--exam
另外还有许多缩写词是由各个单词的首字母组 成. CD ( compact disk)
CCTV( China Central Television)
NBA (National Basketball Association)
UFO( unidentified flying object)
-ed surprised, balanced, talented -ing interesting, outstanding
4.动词变形容词
-al
traditional, international, natural
5. 名词、形容词变动词:

(完整word版)英语构词法详解及练习.doc

(完整word版)英语构词法详解及练习.doc

高中英语构词法讲解与练习一.类别英语构词法主要有:合成法,转化法,派生法,混成法,截短法和词首字母缩略法。

二.定义与精讲1.转化法英语中,有的名词可作动词,有的形容词可作副词或动词,这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。

1)动词转化为名词①很多动词可以转化为名词,大多数情况下,意思没有多大的变化,如:Let's go out for a walk.我们到外面去散散步吧。

②有时意思有一定变化,如:He is a man of strong build.他是一个体格健壮的汉子。

③有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语,表示一个动作,如:Let's have a swim.咱们游泳吧。

2)名词转化为动词①很多表示物件,如Did you book a seat on the plane? 你订好飞机座位了吗 ?②身体部位,如:Please hand me the book请.把那本书递给我。

③某类人的名词可以用作动词来表示动作,如:Shenursed her husband back to health她.看护丈夫,使他恢复了健康。

④某些抽象名词也可作动词。

如:We lunched together我.们在一起吃了午餐。

3)形容词转化为动词有少数形容词可以转化为动词。

如:We will try our best to better our living conditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。

4)副词转化为动词有少数副词可以转化为动词。

例如:Murder will out.( 谚语 )恶事终必将败露。

5)形容词转化为名词①表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词,如:You should be dressed in black at the funeral.你在葬礼中该穿黑色衣服②某些形容词如 old, young, poor, rich, wounded, injured 等与 the 连用,表示一类人,作主语时,谓语用复数如下,如:The old in our village are living a happy life. 我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。

(完整版)高中英语构词法

(完整版)高中英语构词法

英语构词方法主要有三种:即合成法、派生法和转化法。

1、合成法将两个或两个以上的单词合成在一起而构成的新词,叫做合成词。

(1)合成形容词①名词+现在分词例:English-speaking 讲英语的,south-facing 朝南的②名词+过去分词例:man-made 人造的,water-covered 被水覆盖的③名词+形容词例:snow-white 雪白的,day-long 整天的④形容词+名词+-ed 例:warm-hearted 热情的,kind-hearted 好心肠的⑤形容词/副词+现在分词例:good-looking 好看的 funny-looking 滑稽的⑥副词+过去分词例:well-known 出名的,deep-set(眼睛)深陷的⑦副词/形容词+名词例:right-hand 右手的,full-time 专职的⑧数词+名词例:100-meter 100米的,million-pound 百万英镑的⑨数词+名词+形容词例:180-foot-high 180英寸高的,10-year-old 10岁的⑩数词+名词+-ed 例:four-footed/legged 四脚的,one-eyed 独眼龙的(2)合成名词①名词+名词例:weekend 周末,classroom 教室,bookshop 书店②形容词/介词+名词例:gentleman 绅士,loudspeaker 扬声器③动词+名词例:typewriter 打字机,cookbook 烹调书④名词+动词例:daybreak 破晓,toothpick 牙签⑤动词-ing形式+名词例:reading-room 阅览室,sleeping-car 卧车车厢⑥副词+动词例:outbreak 爆发,downpour 倾盆大雨⑦名词+动名词例:handwriting 笔迹,sun-bathing 日光浴⑧名词+in/to0+名词例:mother-in-law 岳母,brother-in-law 姐夫(3)合成动词①副词+动词例:overthrow 推翻,understand 理解②形容词+动词例:broadcast 广播,whitewash 粉刷③名词+动词例:typewrite 打字,sleepwalk 梦游(4)合成副词①介词+名词例:underfoot 脚下,beforehand 事先②形容词+名词例:hotfoot 匆忙地,someday 有朝一日③形容词+副词例:anywhere 任何地方,outwards 向外、(5)合成介词:within在……之内,without没有,inside在……里边,into进入(6)合成代词:myself我自己,ourselves我们自己,anyone任何人,nobody没有人nothing 没东西,somebody有人。

(完整版)英语构词法练习题

(完整版)英语构词法练习题

(完整版)英语构词法练习题Word Form QuizPart AFill the blanks using the words below. While doing this exercise, look for clues which tell you what kind of word is missing (adjective, noun, verb, adverb).1. That man was ________enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the job.A. careB. carefulC. carelessD. carelessness2. The soldier died for saving the child,so his________ is heavier than Mount Tai.A. dieB. deadC. diedD. death3. The child looked ________at his brother who was badly wounded.A. sadlyB. sadnessC. saddenD. sad4. He is an expert at chemistry. We all call him a ________.A. chemistryB. chemicalC. chemistD. physician5.The three- ________chair isn’t suitable for a young child. He may fall off.A. leggingB. leggedC. legsD. leged6. Stephenson became the________railway engineer in the world.A. leadB. leaderC. leadingD. leadership7.When the teacher praised him for working out the maths problem,Jack looked________about at his classmates.A. proudB. proudlyC. prideD. pridely8.To everyone’s ________,the girl finished the job quite well.A. satisfiedB. satisfactoryC. satisfyingD. satisfaction9.—What are you doing here?—Oh,my teacher asked me to write a passage about ________in English.—You can write________passage in English?A. 600 words;a 600-wordsB. 600-word;a 600-wordsC. 600 words;a 600-wordD. 600 words;a 600-words10. No one should enter the spot without the________of the police.A. permitB. permissionC. permittingD. permittence11. You must come with us to the police ________.Our head is waiting for you.A. headquartersB. headlineC. headmasterD. headache12.Letting that animal escape was no accident;you did it ________.A. intendB. intentionC. intentionallyD. intentional13. The shop owner welcomed all the guests with a________smile.A. practiceB. practiseC. practicalD. practiced14. The________ordered him to pay a $100 fine.A. judgerB. judgmentC. judgeD. judgement15. My TV is out of order. Can you tell me what is the________news about Iraq War?A. latelyB. latestC. laterD. latter16. The Great Wall is more than 6000 li in ________.A. longerB. lengthC. longD. longing17.To my ________,I passed the exam easily.A. joyB. joyfulC. joylessD. joyness18. Canada is mainly an________country.A. English-speakingB. speak-EnglishC. spoken-EnglishD. English-spoken19. How________ he is! He is always acting________.He is reallya ________.A. foolish;foolishly;foolB. fool;foolish;foolC. foolish;fool;foolD. foolishly;foolish;fool20. The necklace that she lost is very expensive. It’s of great ________.A. valuableB. valueC. valuelessD. unvaluable21. There were________fish in the river in South America.A. in dangerB. dangerC. dangerousD. dangerless22.The letter “b” in the word “doubt” is________.A. soundB. silentC. silenceD. sounded23. The child looked at me________.A. strangerB. strangelyC. strangeD. strangeless24.The black people were against slavery and fought for their________bravely.A. freeB. freelyC. freedomD. frees25. What you said sounded________ but in fact it was untrue.A. reasonableB. reasonfulC. reasonlessD. unreason26. We have to learn ________technology from other countries.A. advanceB. advancingC. advantageD. advanced27. The children live in a village ________.They come here almost every day.A. nearbyB. nearC. nearlyD. near by28.Mr Black is an ________in the army,not an ________in the government. You can not easily find him in his________.A. official;officer;officeB. officer;office;officialC. official;official;officialD. officer;official;office29.You’d better give up smokin g if you want to keep ________.A. healthB. healthyC. healthilyD. healthier30.________ speaking,I didn’t do it on purpose.A. HonestlyB. HonestC. HonestyD. DishonestPart BUse the word at the end of each gap to form a new word with which to fill the gap. While doing this exercise, look for clueswhich tell you what kind of word is missing (adjective, noun, verb, adverb). Make sure to take into consideration forms using various prefixes and suffixes, as well as negative forms.We earn our_____________ (LIVE) in America today in peaceful ____________ (COMPETE) with people all across the Earth. Profound and _________ (POWER) forces are shaking and _________ (MAKE) our world, and the urgent question of our time is whether we can make change our friend and not our enemy. This new world has already ___________ (RICH) the lives of millions of Americans who are able to ____________ (COMPETITION) and win in it. But when most people are working harder for less, when others cannot work at all, when the cost of health care devastates families and threatens to ____________ (BANK) our enterprises, great and small, when the fear of crime robs law abiding citizens of their _____________ (FREE), and when millions of poor children cannot even imagine the lives we are calling them to lead, we have not made change our friend.Some Tips1.V-ing和V-ed 作形容词时的差别表示情感的及物动词如excite, discourage, disappoint, encourage, inspire, interest, move, please, puzzle, surprise, worry 等,其分词常加上后缀-ing或-ed转化为分词(也可称为形容词),用作表、定、状或补语。

英语高考考点---名词的构词法及练习(有答案)

英语高考考点---名词的构词法及练习(有答案)

英语高考考点---名词的构成及练习(附答案)构成名词常用的后缀(共有15种方法)1. --- ness形容词+ness变成名词;,辅音字母+Y结尾,该y为i再加nesshappy(快乐的)----happiness(快乐)clever(聪明的)---- cleverness(聪明)kind(善良的)----kindness(善良) polite(有礼貌的)politeness(礼貌)2. ---ity形容词+ity变成名词,以e结尾去掉e再加ity,le结尾改为il再加ityReal(真实的)----reality(现实) popular(受欢迎的)-----popularity(受欢迎)pure(纯净的)---purity(纯净) Possible(可能的)---- possibility(可能)probable(大概)---- probability(大概的)3.---ence e nt结尾的形容词变成名词改为enceabsent(缺席的)---- absence(缺席) different (不同的)-------difference(不同)excellent(优秀的)-----excellence(优秀) patient(耐心的)----- patience(耐心)4.--- ance/ancy带“-ant”后缀的形容词其相应名词往往是-ance或-ancy后缀。

例如:distant(遥远的)--distance(远处) important(重要的)---- importance(重要)accept(接受)---acceptance(接受)disappear(消失)---disappearance(消失)5.---ment 动词+ment变成名词develop(发展)---development(发展) enjoy(喜爱)----enjoyment(喜爱)amaze(使惊奇)-----amazement(惊奇) excite(使激动)----excitement(激动)argue(争论)---argument(争论) judge(判断)----judgment(判决)6.--- ion以t结尾的动词+ion变成名词collect(收集)----collection(收集) select(选择)----selection(选择)act(行动)----action(行动) inspect(检查)----inspection(检查)7.---ion 以-ss结尾的动词在转变成与其相对应的名词形式时,可以直接在其后加-ionexpress(表达)----expression(表达) Discuss(讨论)------discussion(讨论)impress(使.....留下印象)-----impression(印象)8 .ation以ate结尾的动词在转变成与其相对的名词形式时,应该去掉不发音的e再加ioneducate(教育)----education(教育) liberate(解放)--- liberation(解放)translate(翻译) - translation(翻译) graduate(毕业)-----graduation(毕业)9.tion以元音字母+辅音字母+e结尾的动词在转换成名词时,通常的做法是先将e改成a然后在其后加-tion(这样做的原因是字母a的读音ei 会使这个词读起来上口)admire(羡慕)---admiration(羡慕) recite(背诵)----- recitation(背诵)prepare(准备)----preparation(准备) invite(邀请)-----invitation(邀请)10 ---sion以de结尾的动词,在转变成与其对应的名词时,去掉字母组合de再加上siondecide(决定)----decision((决定) divide(分开)-----division(分开)provide(提供)----provision(提供) conclude(推断)-conclusion(推论)11. ---ssion以重读闭音节结尾的动词,在转变成与其对应的名词时,先将词尾t,然后再加-ssionadmit(准许)----admission(入场费)permit(许可)----permission(允许)12. ---hoodchild(孩子)----childhood(孩童时期) neighbour(邻居)----neighbourhood(邻居关系)mother(母亲)----motherhood(母亲的身份) brother(兄弟)---brotherhood(兄弟关系) 13.---shipfriend(朋友)---friendship(友谊) relation(关系)--relationship(关系)scholar(学者)---scholarship(学者) citizen(公民)-----citizenship(公民身份)14.---ingfeel(感到,摸)---feeling(感觉) build(建设)---building(建筑物)meet(集合)-----meeting(会议) hear(听)----hearing(听力)15.---thdeep(深的)----depth(深度) wide(宽的)----width(宽度)long(长的)----length(长度) strong(强大的)----strength(力量,强度)一、将下列动词转换为名词。

六大英语构词法详解

六大英语构词法详解

英语构词通常包括六种方法:转化法、派生法、合成法、混合法、截短法和首尾字母结合法.一、【派生法】英语构词法中在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀,从而构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词的方法叫作派生法。

1。

前缀除少数英语前缀外,前缀一般改变单词的意义,不改变词性;英语后缀一般改变词类,而不引起词义的变化。

(1)表示否定意义的前缀常用的有dis—,il—, im-, in-,ir-, mis—, non-,un-等,在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词.例如:agree同意→disagree不同意fair公平的→unfair不公平的possible可能的→impossible不可能的understand理解→misunderstand误解(2)表示其他意义的前缀常用的有a—(多构成表语形容词),anti- (反对;抵抗),auto— (自动), co- (共同),en— (使),inter—(互相),re- (再;又), sub- (下面的;次;小),tele- (强调距离)等.例如:co-worker 同事,帮手enlarge 使变大cooperate 合作rewrite 重写subway 地铁2.后缀给单词加后缀也是英语构词的一种重要方法.后缀通常会改变单词的词性,构成意义相近的其他词性;少数后缀还会改变词义,变为与原来词义相反的新词。

下面仅作简单介绍.(1)构成名词的后缀常用的有-ence,-(e)r/ —or (从事某事的人),-ese (某地人),-ess (雌性),—ian (精通……的人),—ist (专业人员),-ment (性质;状态),—ness (性质;状态),-tion(动作;过程)等。

例如:differ不同于→difference区别write写→writer作家China中国→Chinese中国人act表演→actress女演员music音乐→musician音乐家(2)构成动词的后缀常用的有-(e)n (多用于形容词之后),-fy (使……化),-ize (使……成为)。

2021年高考英语语法必考考点(15)构词法(含解析)练习

2021年高考英语语法必考考点(15)构词法(含解析)练习

2021年高考英语语法必考考点(15)构词法(含解析)练习2021年高考英语语法必考考点(15)构词法(含解析)练习李仕才【考点解读】英语词性是可以相互转化的。

词性的转换有两种方法:转化法和缀合法(派生法)。

一、转化法转化法是由一个词类转化为另一个词类的方法,即某一个词早期迁移定型为某一个词义和词类,后来通过词义扩大或比喻等方法把它活用为其它词义和词类的方法,一般在转化义和原义之间有明显的联系。

转化法一般多用于简单音节的词汇中。

转化法主要分为如下四种类型:1. 动词转化为名词。

多用来表示一次性动作,或与动作相关的事物。

①We stopped there for a swim.我们在那儿停下来游了一会儿泳。

swim原为动词“游泳”。

②Xiao Liu's answers is perfectly right.小刘的回答是完全正确的。

answer原为动词“回答”。

2. 名词转化为动词。

这类词多与名词所具有的特殊动作有关,也是修辞。

例如:①He wolfed down three bowls of rice.他狼吞虎咽地吃了三大碗饭。

wolf.原为名词“狼”。

②He insisted on staying up to nurse the child.他坚持不睡觉来护理这个女孩。

nurse.原为名词“护士”。

3. 形容词转化为动词。

①He had blacked his face with soot.他已经用煤灰把脸抹黑了。

black 原为形容1 / 16词“黑色的”。

②My father is emptying a box of rubbish into a rubbish-cart.我爸爸正将垃圾倒入垃圾车。

empty原为形容词“空的”。

4. 形容词转化为名词。

即用性质来指代这种性质的事物。

例如:①My mother likes red.我妈妈喜欢红色(的)。

red原为形容词“红色的”。

②The Chinese are working-hard and brave people.人勤劳而勇敢。

(完整版)初中英语构词法大全,推荐文档

(完整版)初中英语构词法大全,推荐文档

初中英语构词法大全英语构词方法主要有三种:即合成、派生和转化。

一. 转化英语单词的词性非常活跃,名词用作动词,动词转化为名词,形容词用作动词等现象非常普遍,这种把一种词性用作另一种词性的方式就叫做词性的转化。

阅读中经常出现转化词,只要抓住单词的原始意思,结合句子成分,就容易弄清它们的引申义。

1. 动词和名词之间的相互转化。

有时意思变化不大,有时有一定的变化。

1) 动词转化为名词。

如:Shall we go out for a drive next Sunday?下个星期天咱们出去驱车旅行,好吗?句中的drive由动词转化为名词(词意引申为“驱车旅行”)。

I often go there for a walk.我经常去那里散步。

(句中walk由动词转化为名词)2) 名词转化为动词。

如:Have you booked your ticket?你的票订好了吗?(句中book由名词转化为动词,词意引申为“订购”)Hand me your knife, please.请把你的刀子递给我。

(句中hand由名词转化为动词,词意引申为“传递”)2. 少部分形容词转化为动词。

The train slowed down to half its speed.火车速度减慢了一半。

(句中slow由形容词转化为动词,词意引申为“减速”)Don't dirty your clothes.别把你的衣服弄脏了。

(句中dirty由形容词转化为动词,词意引申为“弄脏”)3. 形容词和名词之间的相互转化。

The poor were not allowed to go into this park those days .那个时候,穷人是不允许进入这个公园的。

(句中poor由形容词转化为名词,词意引申为“穷人”)They took the sick to hospital yesterday.昨天他们把那个病人送进了医院。

(句中sick由形容词转化为名词,词意引申为“病人”)4. 有些词可以词形不变,只因重音变化而发生词类转化,有时词义也可能变化。

(完整版)六大英语构词法详解

(完整版)六大英语构词法详解

英语构词通常包括六种方法:转化法、派生法、合成法、混合法、截短法和首尾字母结合法。

一、【派生法】英语构词法中在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀,从而构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词的方法叫作派生法。

1.前缀除少数英语前缀外,前缀一般改变单词的意义,不改变词性;英语后缀一般改变词类,而不引起词义的变化。

(1)表示否定意义的前缀常用的有dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, mis-, non-, un-等,在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。

例如:agree同意→disagree不同意fair公平的→unfair不公平的possible可能的→impossible不可能的understand理解→misunderstand误解(2)表示其他意义的前缀常用的有a-(多构成表语形容词), anti- (反对;抵抗), auto- (自动), co- (共同), en- (使), inter- (互相), re- (再;又), sub- (下面的;次;小), tele- (强调距离)等。

例如:co-worker 同事,帮手enlarge 使变大cooperate 合作rewrite 重写subway 地铁2.后缀给单词加后缀也是英语构词的一种重要方法。

后缀通常会改变单词的词性,构成意义相近的其他词性;少数后缀还会改变词义,变为与原来词义相反的新词。

下面仅作简单介绍。

(1)构成名词的后缀常用的有-ence,-(e)r/ -or (从事某事的人),-ese (某地人),-ess (雌性),-ian (精通……的人),-ist (专业人员),-ment (性质;状态),-ness (性质;状态),-tion(动作;过程)等。

例如:differ不同于→difference区别write写→writer作家China中国→Chinese中国人act表演→actress女演员music音乐→musician音乐家(2)构成动词的后缀常用的有-(e)n (多用于形容词之后),-fy (使……化),-ize (使……成为)。

(完整word版)英语基本构词法

(完整word版)英语基本构词法

英语基本构词法英最基本的构法( word formation)有三种:派生( derivation)、合成( compounding)和化( conversion)。

利用构法,能够成串,一反三。

Ⅰ.派生法派生和根合,或许粘着根和粘着根合组成的方法,叫做派生法 (derivation),也称作法。

用派生法组成的叫做派生( derivative)。

派生的法是英构法中最活的一种 ,在英构的史上极其重要的作用。

此外 ,种构法也是我能够能性借以大量的一种构法。

分前和后两种。

A.前1.表示“否认”、“相反”意的前:de- decrease减少; decentralize分别; degrade降,降低⋯⋯的地位; dis-dislike 不喜; disagree不一样意; distrust 不相信; disappear消逝;il- illegal 不合法的; illogical 不合的; illegalize 宣告⋯⋯非法; im- impossible不行能的; immoral 不道德的; impractical 不的;un-unwilling不宁愿的;unbelievable以置信的;unnecessary不用要的等等。

2.表示先后的前ex-ex-husband前夫; ex-president前;fore-foretell 言; foresight 先之明,; foresee,知;mid-midterm 此中的; midnight 子夜;post-postwar 后的; postgraduate研究生; postdoctoral 博士后的等等。

3.表示方向地点的前ex-export 出口; exclude 把⋯⋯排挤在外; external 外面的;in-input 入; indoor 室内的; inrush 涌入; incoming 来的等等。

4.表示程度的前extra- extraordinary 非凡的,惊人的; extracurricular 程之外的;out-outnumber 比⋯⋯多; outrun 超,跑得比⋯⋯快;sur-surpass超,于; surplus 节余的; surrealism 超主等等。

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高中英语构词法讲解与练习一.类别英语构词法主要有:合成法,转化法,派生法,混成法,截短法和词首字母缩略法。

二.定义与精讲1.转化法英语中,有的名词可作动词,有的形容词可作副词或动词,这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。

1)动词转化为名词①很多动词可以转化为名词,大多数情况下,意思没有多大的变化,如:Let's go out for a walk.我们到外面去散散步吧。

②有时意思有一定变化,如:He is a man of strong build.他是一个体格健壮的汉子。

③有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语,表示一个动作,如:Let's have a swim.咱们游泳吧。

2)名词转化为动词①很多表示物件,如Did you book a seat on the plane? 你订好飞机座位了吗 ?②身体部位,如:Please hand me the book请.把那本书递给我。

③某类人的名词可以用作动词来表示动作,如:Shenursed her husband back to health她.看护丈夫,使他恢复了健康。

④某些抽象名词也可作动词。

如:We lunched together我.们在一起吃了午餐。

3)形容词转化为动词有少数形容词可以转化为动词。

如:We will try our best to better our living conditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。

4)副词转化为动词有少数副词可以转化为动词。

例如:Murder will out.( 谚语 )恶事终必将败露。

5)形容词转化为名词①表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词,如:You should be dressed in black at the funeral.你在葬礼中该穿黑色衣服②某些形容词如 old, young, poor, rich, wounded, injured 等与 the 连用,表示一类人,作主语时,谓语用复数如下,如:The old in our village are living a happy life. 我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。

2.派生法在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫作派生法。

1)前缀除少数前缀外,前缀一般改变单词的意义,不改变词性;后缀一般改变词类,而不引起词义的变化。

(1)表示否定意义的前缀常用的有 dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, mis-, non-, un- 等,在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。

例如:appear出现→ disappear消失correct 正确的→ incorrect 不正确的 lead 带领→ mislead 领错 stop停下→ non-stop 不停(2)表示其他意义的前缀常用的有a-(多构成表语形容词), anti- (反对;抵抗 ), auto- (自动 ), co- (共同 ), en- (使),inter- (互相 ), re- (再;又), sub- (下面的;次;小), tele- (强调距离 )等。

例如:alone antigasautochart自动图表cooperate合作enjoy 使高兴internet 互联网reuse再用subway 地铁telephone电话2)后缀英语单词不仅可以通过加前缀构成新词,也可加后缀构成新词。

后缀通常会改变单词的词性,构成意义相近的其他性;少数后会改,与原来相反的新。

(1)构成名的后常用的有 -ence,-(e)r/ -or (从事某事的人 ),-ese (某地人 ),-ess (雌性 ),-ful ( 一⋯⋯ ),-ian (精通⋯⋯的人 ),-ist (人 ),-ment (性;状 ), -ness (性;状 ),-tion( 作;程 )等。

例如:differ 不同于→ difference 区write 写→ writer 作家Japan日本→ Japanese日本人act 表演→ actress女演mouth 口→ mouthful 一口music 音→ musician 音家(2)构成的后常用的有 -(e)n (多用于形容之后),-fy ( 使⋯⋯化 ),-ize (使⋯⋯成 )。

例如:wide→widen 加beauty→beautify 美化pure→purify 提real→realize 意到organ→organize(3)构成形容的后常用的有-al,-able (有能力的 ),-(a)n(某国人的 ),-en (多用于表示材料的名后),-ern (方向的),-ese(某国人的),-ful ,-(ic)al ,-ish,-ive,-less (表示否定 ),-like ( 像⋯⋯的 ), -ly ,-ous,-some,-y ( 表示天气 )等。

例如:nature 自然→ natural 自然的reason道理→ reasonable有道理的 America 美国→ American 美国的 China 中国→ Chinese中国人的 gold 金子→ golden 金的east→ eastern方的child 孩子→ childish 孩子气的snow 雪→ snowy 雪的(4)构成副的常用后有-ly (主要用于形容之后表示方式或程度 ),-ward(s) (主要用于表示方位的之后表示方向 )。

例如:angry 生气的→ angrily 生气地to 到→ towards 朝⋯⋯,向⋯⋯east方→ eastward向(5)构成数的后有 -teen (十几 ),-ty ( 几十 ),-th (构成序数 )。

例如:six 六→ sixteen 十六→ sixteenth 第十六 four 四→ forty 四十→ fortieth 第四十3.合成法(1)合成名构成方式例名+名weekend周末名+daybreak黎明名+名handwriting 法名词+及物动词pain-killer 止痛药+er/or名词+介词+名editor-in-chief 总编词辑动词+名词typewriter 打字机动名词+名词reading-room 阅览室现在分词+名词flying-fish 飞鱼形容词+名词gentleman绅士副词+动词outbreak 爆发介词+名词afternoon 下午代词+名词she-wolf 母狼(2)合成形容词构成方式例词名词+形容词snow-white 雪白的名词+现在分词English-speaking 讲英语的名词+ to+名词face-to-face面对面的名词+过去分词man-made人造的数词+名词one-way 单行的数词+名词+形two-year-old 两岁容词的five-storeyed 五层数词+名词+ ed的动词+副词形容词+名词形容词+名词+see-through 透明的 high-class 高级的 noble-minded 高尚 ed的形容词+形容词light-blue 浅蓝色的形容词+现在分good-looking 相貌词好看的副词+形容词 ever-green 常青的 副词+现在分词hard-working 勤劳的副词+过去分词 well-known 著名的 副词+名词fast-food 专门提供快餐服务的介词+名词downhill 下坡的(3)合 成 动 词构成方式 例词名词+动词 sleep-walk 梦游 形容词+动词 white-wash 粉刷 副词+动词 overthrow 推翻(4)合成副构成方式例形容+名hotfoot 匆忙地形容+副everywhere 到副+副however 尽管如此介+名beforehand事先介+副forever 永(5)合成代构成方式例代格+ self herself 她自己物主代+ self myself 我自己形容+名anything 任何西(6)合成介构成方式例副+名inside 在⋯⋯里面介+副within 在⋯⋯之内副+介into 入4.截短法 (缩略法 )截短法,即将单词缩写,词义和词性保持不变,主要有截头、去尾、截头去尾等形式。

1)截头telephone→phoneaeroplane→planeomnibus →bus2)去尾mathematics → mathsco-operate→ co-opexamination →examkilogram →kilolaboratory →labtaxicab →taxi3)截头去尾influenza → flurefrigerator →fridgeprescription → script5.混合法 (混成法 )混合法,即将两个词混合或各取一部分紧缩而成一个新词。

后半部分表示主体;前半部分表示属性。

news broadcast→newscast 新闻广播television broadcast →telecast 电视播送smoke and fog→smog 烟雾helicopter airport →heliport 直升飞机场6.首尾字母缩略法首尾字母缩略法,即用单词首尾字母组成一个新词。

读音主要有两种形式,即各字母分别读音;作为一个单词读音。

very important person → VIP ( 读字母音 )要人;大人物television →TV ( 读字母音 )电视Testing of English as a Foreign Language→TOEFL托福三.巩固练习1.That man was ________enough not to tellthe manager that he would not do the job.A. careB. carefulC. carelessD. carelessness2. The soldier died for saving the child , so his________is heavier than Mount Tai.A. dieB. deadC. diedD. death3.The child looked ________at his brother whowas badly wounded.A. sadlyB. sadnessC. sadlessD. sad4.He is an expert at chemistry. We all call him a________.A. chemistryB. chemicalC. chemistD. physician5.The three- ________chair isn ’t suitable for a youngchild. He may fall off.A. leggingB. leggedC. legsD. leged6.Stephenson became the________railway engineer inthe world.A. leadB. leaderC. leadingD. leadership7.When the teacher praised him for working out themaths problem ,Jack looked________about at his classmates.A. proudB. proudlyC. prideD. pridely8.To everyone’s ________,the girl finished the jobquite well.A. satisfiedB. satisfactoryC.satisfying D. satisfaction9.—What are you doing here?— Oh,my teacher asked me to write a passage about ________in English.—You can write________passage in English?A.600 words ; a 600-wordsB.600-word ; a 600-wordsC.600 words; a 600-wordD.600 words; a 600-words10.No one should enter the spot without the________ofthe police.A. permitB. permissionC.permitting D. permittence11.You must come with us to the police ________.Ourhead is waiting for you.A. headquartersB. headlineC.headmaster D. headache12.Letting that animal escape was no accident ;you didit ________.A. intendB. intentionC. intentionallyD. intentional13.The shop owner welcomed all the guests witha________smile.A. practiceB. practiseC. practicalD. practiced14. The________ordered him to pay a $100 fine.A. judgerB. judgmentC. judgeD. judgement15. My TV is out of order. Can you tell me what isthe________news about Iraq War?A. latelyB. latestC. laterD. latter16. The Great Wall is more than 6000 li in ________.A. longerB. lengthC. longD. longing17.To my ________,I passed the exam easily.A. joyB. joyfulC. joylessD. joyness18. Canada is mainly an________country.A. English-speakingB. speak-EnglishC. spoken-EnglishD. English-spoken19.How________ he is! He is always acting________.Heis really a ________.A. foolish ;foolishly ;foolB. fool ;foolish ;foolC.foolish ;fool ;fool D. foolishly ;foolish ;fool20.The necklace that she lost is very expensive. It ’s ofgreat ________.A. valuableB. valueC. valuelessD. unvaluable21.There were________fish in the river in SouthAmerica.A. in dangerB. dangerC. dangerousD. dangerless22.The letter “b” in the word“doubt” is________.A. soundB. silentC. silenceD. sounded23. The child looked at me________.A. strangerB. strangelyC. strangeD. strangeless24.The black people were against slavery and fought fortheir________bravely.A. freeB. FreelyC. freedomD. frees25.What you said sounded________ but in fact it wasuntrue.A. reasonableB. reasonfulC. reasonlessD. unreason26.We have to learn ________technology from othercountries.A. advanceB. advancingC. advantageD. advanced27.The children live in a village ________.They comehere almost every day.A. nearbyB. nearC. nearlyD. near by28.Mr Black is an ________in the army , not an________in the government. You can not easily findhim in his________.A. official ;officer ;officeB. officer ;office ;officialC. official ;official ;officialD. officer ;official ;office29.You’d better give up smoking if you want to keep________.A. healthB. healthyC. healthilyD. healthier30.________ speaking,I didn ’tdo it on purpose.A. HonestlyB. HonestC. HonestyD. Dishonest[参考答案]1-5 BDACB 6-10 CBDCB 11-15 ACDCB。

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