机械专业英语期末复习提纲

1 The engineer has “a knowledge of the mathematical and natural sciences gained by study ，experience，and practice which is applied with judge-ment to develop ways to utilize，economically，the material and forces of nature for the benefit of mankind

工程师通过学习、经验和判断相结合的时间获得数学和自然科学方面的知识，从而想方设法来经济的开发、利用自然界物质资料与自然力为人类服务。

2 It is a dynamic,creative,and exciting profession which combines the fundamentals of ……..segments of society.

它是一个生气勃勃、创造性的、令人振奋的职业，为满足我们这个不断变化的世界的物质需要，把科学和数学的基本原理与科技工作者的水平及技工的技艺结合起来。更准确的说，工程学是一门涉及有关社会各方面所使用的机器设备、结构和其他装置的设计、建造、试验、管理或运行的应用科学。

3 The engineer may devote efforts toward better housing，cleaner air，economical transportation systems，better health care systems and facilities，new energy generation systems， improved agricultural production， safe and reliable products， or a myriad of other challenges。

工程师会致力于改善住房条件，使空气更清洁，创造更经济的交通运输系统和更完善的医疗保险系统和设施，创建新的能源系统，改良农业生产，生产安全而可靠的产品或应对其他无数的挑战。

4 Equally important， engineers must be concerned about the safety and health of others，the environment，and the social implications of the solution they provide 。The engineers must work for and with people ，as well as things。

同样重要的是，工程师必须关心他人的安全，健康和环境以及他们所提供的解决办法的社会效应。工程师为人工作，又要能与人一起工作，适应周围的事物。

5 They are concerned with the production and use ……..and the safety of products.

他们还关注能源的生产及应用、燃烧过程、环境保护、热污染、噪声污染、空气污染、材料加工及贮运、运输装置及推进系统的设计以及产品的安全。

6 By applying mathematical analysis,engineers………,from 100 to 15 percent.

通过数学分析，工程师们已经制定出各种测试程序，在某些情况下使测试零件数目的百分比从100%下降到15%，并仍然保证了产品的一致

性。

7 The word design means developing a physical system that performs a required function

设计这个词意味着研制一个能完成所需功能的实际系统

8 Furthermore ， they must fully understand the important methods that have been developed to apply scientific principles to solve problems。

此外，他们必须对现有的运用科学原理解决问题的重要方法了如指掌

9 in the last few decades a whole field of automated manufacturing techniques has been developed， requiring new engineering skills to invent and improve machines that automatically construct other machines efficiently and reliably。

在过去的几十年里，已经开发出一套自动化制造技术，它要求用新的工程技术发明和改进能有效而可靠的自动制造其他机器的设备。

10 In a large-scale production operation， be it many identical small items such as radios for cars or a single item such as an oil refinery ， there are many problems for an engineer to deal with

在大规模生产过程中，不论是许多相同的像汽车收音机一类的小产品，还是炼油厂一类的单一项目，都有许多需要工程师处理的问题

11 Three of humanity’s earliest eras are called the stone age，the bronze age and the Iron age ，because the civilization of each was almost entirely dependent on the material after which the era was named

人类最早期的三个时期分别被称作石器时代、青铜器时代和铁器时代这因为每种文明都几乎完全取决于没一个时代的物质材料，而每一个时代就以该时代的材料来命名

12 the values indicate the approximate range of properties that can be expected depending on alloying and heat treatment。

这些参数表仅表示那些取决于合金化及热处理状态的性能的大致范围

13 These are two important questions that require answers before either the material or the forming or fabrications processes can be established 这是确定零件材料及加工成型的工艺方法之前必须考虑的两个重要问题

14 From such an analysis of functions and requirements can come a list of essential and desirable characteristics required of the material to be used for the object。