2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake (印度洋大海啸)

This earthquake was the fourth most powerful earthquake recorded since 1900, and the confirmed death toll is just under 200,000 due to the ensuing tsunami. The deadliest earthquakes since 1900 were the Tangshan, China earthquake of 1976, in which at least 255,000 were killed; the earthquake of 1927 in Xining, Qinghai, China (200,000); the Great Kanto earthquake which struck Tokyo in 1923 (143,000); and the Gansu, China, earthquake of 1920 (200,000). The deadliest known earthquake in history occurred in 1556 in Shaanxi, China, with an estimated death toll of 830,000, though figures from this time period
Each of these also spawned tsunamis in the Pacific Ocean, but the death toll from these was significantly lower. The worst of these caused only a few thousand deaths, primarily because of the lower population density along the coasts near affected areas and the much greater distances to more populated coasts.
The Science of Earthquakes
The plight of the many affected people and countries prompted a widespread humanitarian response. In all, the worldwide community donated more than $7 billion (2004 U.S. dollars) in humanitarian aid.
A Tsunami comes unexpected.
At Vailankanni, the street resembles a battleground. The victims of the tsunami were caught by surprise.
The tsunami, like all others, behaved very differently in deep water than in shallow water. In deep ocean water, tsunami waves form only a small hump, barely noticeable and harmless, which generally travels at a very high speed of 500 to 1,000 km/h (310 to 620 mph); in shallow water near coastlines, a tsunami slows down to only tens of kilometres an hour but in doing so forms large destructive waves.
Since 1900 the only earthquakes recorded with a greater magnitude were the 1960 great Chilean Earthquake (magnitude 9.5) and the 1964 Good Friday Earthquake in Prince William Sound (9.2). The only other recorded earthquake of magnitude 9.0 or greater was off Kamchatka, Russia, in 1952 (magnitude 9.0).
The earthquake triggered a series of devastating tsunamis along the coasts of most landmasses bordering the Indian Ocean, killing more than 225,000 people in eleven countries, and inundating (flood) coastal communities with waves up to 30 meters high. It was one of the deadliest natural disasters in history. Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, and Thailand were hardest hit.
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2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake
The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake was an undersea earthquake that occurred at 00:58:53 UTC (Coordinated Universal Time) on December 26, 2004, with an epicentre (震中) off the west coast of Sumatra, Indonesia. An Introduction to Earthquakes
Tsunami
The sudden vertical rise of the seabed by several metres during the earthquake displaced massive volumes of water, resulting in a tsunami that struck the coasts of the Indian Ocean.
Scientists investigating the damage in Aceh found evidence that the wave reached a height of 24 metres when coming ashore along large stretches of the coastline, rising to 30 metres in some areas when travelling inland.
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With a magnitude of between 9.1 and 9.3, it is the second largest earthquake ever recorded on a seismograph. This earthquake had the longest duration of faulting (断层作 用) ever observed, between 8.3 and 10 minutes. The disaster is known as the Great Sumatra-Andaman earthquake, and is also known as the Asian Tsunami.
The people have realized that something is wrong. But it is too late now.
The Destructive Force of Tsunami Waves
Leabharlann Baidu
The death toll
It was estimated that a total of 229,866 people were lost, including 186,983 dead and 42,883 missing. Measured in lives lost, this is one of the ten worst earthquakes in recorded history, as well as the single worst tsunami in history.
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