必修一unit4Earthquake导学案完整版

Unit4 Period 1 Warming up and Reading
班级组名姓名得分
【学习目标】
1. Get the students to know basic knowledge about natural disasters.
2. Get the students to learn about Tangshan Earthquake and understand the text.
3. Get the students to learn different reading skills.
【教学重难点】：
1.Master the new words ,phrases and useful expressions in the text .
2. Train the students’ reading ability to understand the content of the text in detail .
3.Get the students to master the Attributive Clause introduced by that ,which ,who and whose .
I. 重点单词
1.________ vi / n. 爆裂；爆发
2._______ n.事件，大事
3.________ 废墟，毁灭
4. ________ 极度的
5.________ 破坏，毁坏，消灭
6. _______（使）震惊，震动；n.休克，打击
7.________ n/vt. 使陷入困境 n.陷阱，困境
8. ________ n/vt. 援救，营救
9.________n.灾难，灾10. ________ vt. 埋葬，掩埋掩藏11.________ n/vt.损失，损害12. ________n.裁判员，法官vt.断定，判断，13.________vt.损害，伤害，_____ n.伤害，损害 _____adj.受伤的 14. ________n.电，电流，电学_______ adj. 用电的，带电的________adj.与电有关的15________vt,使惊吓，吓唬 _____ adj. 受惊吓的______-adj.令人恐惧的 16. _________n.祝贺，___________vt.祝贺
II. 重点短语
right__________ 立刻burst ___ ____ = burst ____ ____突然大哭_____ _____ end 结束lay _____ _______成为废墟dig _____ 掘出，发现 be _____ ___ / bury _____ ___专心… ___(_____) nu mber of大量的 give _____ 分发，发出（气味，热等）
________ from / by 从…判断 be ____ __ = take _____ __为..感到自豪 ___ honor ___ 为了纪念… tens ___ __________ of 成千上万get _____ __________ 做好充足准备 ________ sth. for sth. 为…做准备begin to __________ 开始复苏 __________ of 取代 think ______ ___ 对…考虑少 think ______ of对…高度评价__________ workers 营救人员be _____ =be missing 丢失 build _____ ___ _____ 为幸存者建造避难所put ___搭建（临时住所等）be pleased ___ __很高兴做…break _____爆发be ________ under sth被困在下面wake ______叫醒某人
【设问导读】Step1.Lead­in
1.Who can remember what happened in Yushu，in Qinghai Province in the year 2010?
A terrible earthquake broke out there on April 14th.More than 2,200 people were killed.
2.Do you know any other natural disasters?
tornadoes；typhoons/hurricanes；volcano eruption；drought；floods；etc.
3.Do you know why an earthquake happens?
The plates are moving constantly.Sometimes these two plates stop and do not move for
years.Then suddenly，they jump and an earthquake happens.As a result of the movement
of these plates，west America near the sea has always been a bad place for earthquakes.
4.What do you think may happen before an earthquake?
Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide.Fish jumped out of bowls and ponds.The
chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat.The dog barked loudly again and again.People
could see bright lights in the sky.
【自学检测】
Step2. Pre-reading----Talk about the title “A Night the Earth Didn’t Sleep”Step3. Fast reading
I. 用一句话概括 What does the passage mainly talk about?
The passage mainly talks about a terrible________(回答what?) that happened in ________( where?) in _______( when? ) and caused great damage to people. (What result?)
2. The earthquake began at ________.
A. 3:00 am, June 28, 1976
B. 3:00 am, July 28, 1976
C. 3:42 am, July 28, 1976
3. _________ people were killed or injured in the quake.
A. Less than 400,000
B. More than 400,000
C. More than 150,000
4. Match the sentences. Divide the passage into three parts and find out the main
idea of each part.
Part 1 (Para.1 ) What happened during the quake and the damage
caused by the quake.
Part 2 ( ) The rescue work after the earthquake
Part 3 ( ) Signs before the earthquake.
5.Number each of these things that happened dthe Tangshan earthquakeuring.
____Brick buildings were destroyed. -
___ The walls of the village wells had cracks in them.
___ Shelters were put up for those with no homes.
___ Roads got huge cracks.
___ The army helped the survivors.
【拓展延伸】Step5. Deal with long difficult sentences（与同桌讨论、理解下列长难句并尝试翻译成汉语。

）1.原句：“Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide.”
句子结构分析：这是一个复杂的简单句。

现在分词短语looking for places to hide在句中表______，作_________状语。

翻译：_____________________________________________________.
2. 原句：“But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night.”
分析：这是一个_______(简单句/ 并列句/主从复合句)，该主句的主语为____________, 谓语为_______, asleep在句中作_______, 中间跟一个由who引导的________从句：“who thought little of these events”, who 在从句中充当______, 修饰的先行词为___________ .
翻译：_________________________________________________________.
3. 原句：“A huge crack that was eight kilometers long and thirty metres wide cut across houses, roads and canals.”
分析：这是一个_______(简单句/ 并列句/主从复合句)，该主句的主语为_________,谓语为___________, cut across在这里意为: “__________”, 中间跟一个由that引导的________从句：“that was eight kilometers long and thirty metres wide”, that 在从句中充当______, 修饰的先行词为___________ .
翻译：_____________________________________________________.
4．原句：“The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.” (Page 26, Para 4)
译：______________________________________________________________。

从结构上看，这是一个___________句(简单句/并列句/复合句)。

______________________________是定语从句，修饰先行词those；“and”起连接作用，连接____________和___________。

5.原句：“Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.分析：这是一个_______(简单句/ 并列句/主从复合句)，该主句的主语为_________,谓语为___________, 句尾由一个whose引导的________从句：“whose homes had been destroyed”, 其中whose在从句中充当_______, survivors跟homes存在一种_______关系；从句修饰的先行词为__________ 。

翻译：_________________________________________________________.
【巩固练习】Quiz I: Retell the text by filling the following blanks.
_______ things happened in Tangshan. For a few days, water in the wells ____ and fell. The wells had ______ and a ______ gas came out of them. Mice, chickens and even pigs became too _______ to live as usual. At 3:42 am, everything began to _____. It seemed that the world was __ __ ____._____of he nation_____a _____ crack cut across the city. The city lay in _____. Two-thirds of the people _____ or were _______. Then later that afternoon, another big quake ______ Tangshan, which _______ many ______ workers and doctors. People began to wonder how long the ________ would ____. But all hope was not _____. ________ came to help those _________. Slowly, the city began to _______ again.
Section Two Language points
学习目标：
1. Enable the students to grasp the usages of such important new words and expressions as injure, destroy, burst, rescue, as if, etc.
2. Get the students to master the usages of the patterns: “It seemed that the world was at an end” and “All hope was not lost”. etc.
Step1. 课文知识点重现
根据中文提示完成下列句子。

（方法指导：熟读课文，独立完成练习，然后校正答案。

）1.In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were______________________________ (紧张的不想吃食).
2.In the city, the water pipes in some buildings ______________________ (爆裂开来).
3.But one million people of the city, who __________________________ (几乎都没有把这些情况当回事), were asleep ________________(照常) that night.
4.It seemed ____________ the world was ________________(世界似乎到了末日).
5. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city ___________________ (沉沦在一片废墟之中).
6.The ___________ of the people __________________ (人们遭受的灾难极为深重).
7._________(无论朝哪里) they looked nearly everything was destroyed.
8. People were __________(惊呆了) to see two-thirds of them die or __________(受伤) and（成千上万）_______________families were killed during the earthquake. 9.Some of the ________________ (救援人员) and doctors ________________ (被困) under the ruins. 10. Water, food, and electricity were ________________________ .(很难弄到)
11. The army organized teams _______________ (挖掘) those who were trapped and _________________________ (掩埋死者).
12. Workers _______________ (盖起避难所) for survivors __________________(家园被毁).
Step2. 重点句型突破
1.It seemed as if the world was at an end!
句子结构分析：It seemed as if是固定句型结构，意为“____________”。

as if意为__________; at an end意为_______________.
说明: 也可说It seems that...替代It seems as if, 其中as if 可用as though替代, 常用在动词look，seem，feel等之后引导_______从句。

如果从句表示的情况接近事实，从句用______语气；反之，如果从句表示的情况与事实相反，或者是不可能发生，从句用_______语气
仿写：
⑴好像有人在叫你。

_______________________________.
⑵看来他似乎很笨, 但事实上比我们更聪明。

______________________________，but in fact he is cleverer than every one of us.⑶他说起罗马(Rome)来好像他以前去过罗马似的。

He talks about Rome __________________________________________ .
2. All hope was not lost.
句子结构分析： all 与not 连用表示_______否定。

句型: all... not=not all... 并非都……
说明: all, both, each, always, every及every的合成词与not 连用时表______否定。

仿写
⑴不是所有的学生都通过了考试。

_____________________ passed the exam.
⑵并不是每个人都像你那么自私。

________________________ as selfish as you.
II. 重点动词突破
1. injure
★观察例句：
1） I was seriously injured in the plane crash.我在那次飞机坠毁事故中严重受伤。

2）John fell off the tree and injured his back.约翰从树上摔下来把背部摔伤了。

★自我探究：
injure，词性为___________，意为“_________________”。

★归纳拓展：
injure→n.___________伤害，损伤→adj.___________受伤的
the injured意为__________________(表示一类人)
☆运用用injure的正确形式填空。

1) He ____________ his left hand in the fire..
2）Liu Xiang dropped out of the race due to his foot ____________.
3）___________were taken to hospital right away after the accident.
☆易混辨析 injure, hurt, harm和wound
1) The driver was slightly___________in the accident.
2）Actually she felt quite _________ at your rude words.
3) The typhoon has done great __________ to the crops in Xuwen.
4) The soldiers got ____________ in the war.
5) The circulation of rumor（谣言）________ his business and health.
2. burst
读下面的句子，猜测burst的词性及词义
1) It’s a game in which children try to burst balloons by sitting on them. _________________
2) That balloon will burst if you blow it up any more._______________________________
3) The words burst from her in an angry rush. _______________
4) She burst into laughter(out laughing) to hear the news. ______________________
5) He burst into the room without knocking. ____________________
☆要点归纳： burst 后可接一些介词或副词，构成的常用搭配有burst into 意为：(1) ____________；(2)______________; burst out doing意为：__________________.
☆运用用burst的正确形式及其短语填空。

1) When he was driving, the tire _____________.
2)The baby-girl________ tears when she was watching Lion King.
3) Mr. Bean ___________ laughing while walking on the street.
3. rescue n.&vt. 援救，营救
1). The police came to his rescue and pulled him out of the river.
警察来救他，把他从河里拉了出来。

2). The rescue team made countless rescues during the earthquake.
营救队在这次地震期间进行了无数次救援。

3). Michael rescued a boy from drowning. 迈克把溺水的男孩救了起来。

☆自主探究→说出下列短语或固定搭配的意思
1）rescue sb./ sth. from sb./ sp. ≈save sb. from
2）come to/ go to sb’s rescue = rescue sb.
3）a rescue team 4）a rescue mission 5）rescue workers
☆运用
⑴ He jumped into the icy water to rescue the child ______ drowning. （填介词）
⑵ The child who fell into the river would have died if the young man __________ ___________________________________________(没有来营救他).
用rescue的适当形式填空
⑶ The mother, along with her two children, _______from the sinking boat by a passing ship.
⑷. The firemen ________ five children from the burning house yesterday.
4. ruin
1)He wanted to become a doctor but his mother’s death was the ruin of his hope.他想当医生，但他母亲的死使他的希望破灭了。

2)She poured water over my painting and ruined it.
她把水浇在我的画上，将画毁掉了。

3)The castle is now in ruins.
城堡现在已成废墟。

小结：ruin动词或名词，意为“__________”，其复数形式ruins意为“_________”，in ruins
意为“_________________”。

其常用的固定搭配为:
fall into ruin 成为废墟 be/lie in ruins 成了（呈）一片废墟
bring sb. to ruin毁灭某人come/go to ruin毁灭 be the ruin of- -成为- - -毁灭的原因
☆运用用ruin的正确形式填空:1)The big flood not only ______ the crops, but also left the whole town in _______.
2) People built shelters among the ____ (ruin) of the city.
3) After the war many buildings__________(成为废墟).
☆词语辨析 .用ruin, damage与destroy填空
(1)The car ________ in the accident was under repair.
(2) Finally the fire ________ several houses and made some people homeless.
(3) This unpleasant man with his endless complaints ________ my journey.
Section Three Using languages
预习导学
本单元重点词汇句型归纳总结
1. Imagine your home begins to shake and you must leave it right away.
○1 imagine vt. form a picture of in the mind；think of (sth.) as probable：想象；
I didn’t imagine (my) _______________(成为一名教师) in my childhood.
Can you imagine _______________（多么）I was surprised to hear the news?
I don’t imagine so. = I imagine ____________.我认为不是这样。

○2 shake: move, be moved, quickly or violently up and down, forwards and backwards: 最普通用词，可指人或物“摇动，发抖”。

指人时常用于感情激动、寒冷、惧怕引起的身
They were badly shaken ____________.他们对这个消息大为震惊。

The host ____________ all the guests. 主人跟所有的客人握手。

2. rise vi. & raise vt
rise (rise -rose- risen) vi. ( of the sun, moon, stars, river, price, temperature, etc.) appear above the horizon:指自然“上升”，常用于日、月、云、霞、烟、水蒸气、物价、温度、河水、潮水及人的职位等
raise (raise -raised-raised) vt. 1. lift up; move from a low(er) to a high(er) level; cause to rise: 外部的力量，“举起、提高”： 2．grow or produce (crops); breed (sheep, etc.); bring up a family: 饲养、种植”、养育、抚育：
The people’s living standard has greatly __________.
He has __________ in rank.
Her temperature is still _______. They can _______ rice here.
He _______ from his chair and began his speech. 3. It seemed as if the world was at an end!
①as if = as though 似乎，好像; 在表语从句中相当于that: She spoke to me as if she knew me. 她和我说话的神情，______________
It seemed as if the world was at an end!= It seemed _____the world was at an end!
) . It seems that they will arrive in the city before dark
. = They ________ _________ _________ the city before dark.
○
3 He will be a scientist __________. At last the meeting _________. How many English words had you learned ____________ last term?
4 .In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. ①lie (lay, lain): to be, remain or be kept in a certain state
The
village
___in
ruins
after the
war.
These machines have ____idle （闲置的）since the factory closed. ②in ruins : severely damaged or destroyed Compare: ruin ; destroy ; damage
Everywhere they looked nearly everything was_________. Soft wood ________easily.
5. Two-thirds of the people died or were injured during the earthquake. _________ (五分之三) of the soil __________ (wash) away by the flood last night. ______ (大部分的) of the lecture he made yesterday ______ (be) interesting. _________________ (百分之九十) of the mountain __________ (cover) by trees. ②Compare: injure ; hurt; wound ，harm
Their criticisms （批评）_________him deeply. Smoking will ________his health.
He was slightly ________in the car accident. He got _________in the fighting.
What you said _____my feeling.
6. All hope was not lost= Not all hope was lost.
all...not = not all...意为“______.”，是部分否定。

当all, both 及every 的合成词与not 连用时，表示部分否定；完全否定要用no, never, nowhere, none, neither, nothing ， nobody 等。

__________________(不是所有的蚂蚁都出去)out for food. Some work in the tunnels as guards and workers.
I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with ______. (NMET 1997) A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing
7. The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. ○1 Some journalists are working hard to _______the secret of that history incident.
They____________ telling the reason why she stole the gift.他们设了套，让她说出她偷礼物的原因3. bury v.埋葬，掩藏
The dog____________________. 这只狗把骨头埋在地里
I ___________________my studies.我专心于学习。

She ____________ thought. 她陷入
沉思。

8. The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000. It was a frightening night because a great number of things happened at the same The number of people invited _____ fifty, but a number of them ______ absent for different reasons. 实战演练
I 分词做伴随状语练习：完成句子
1. He dug out a box of money _____________________ (觉得非常激动)
2. My mother was in the kitchen _____________________ (正在做饭)
3. He lay on the grass _________________________ (看着天空) II. 部分否定练习：翻译成汉语
1. All that glitters(闪光) is not gold.
2. Not everyone agrees with me.
3. Not all people are interested in fame and money.
4. Both of them didn't attend the meeting.
5. Not many people like music. III ． seem 用法练习
1. Our English teacher seems ______________ 我们的英语老师看来是个和善的人
2. He seems ______________ (=______________ he knows everything.)他似乎什么都知道.
3. It seems __________ since we last met. 我们好像有多年没见了.
4. __________ I have seen her before. =__________ to have seen her before. 好像我以前见过她
IV ． As if 句型练习：
1. 他做起事来好象是个电视专家。

He acts as if he _________ (be ) a TV expert.
2. 你看上去似乎并不在乎。

You look as if you __________ (not care).
3. 那棵树看上去好象很久没人给浇水了
The tree looked as if it __________ (water) for a long time.
4. 他说起罗马来好像他以前去过罗马似的。

He talks about Rome as if _________(be) there before.
5. 他张开嘴似乎要说什么。

He opened his mouth as if he __________ (say) something.
6. 看来似乎要下雪了。

It looks as if it __________ (may snow) V. 介词to, in, on 表示方位 1. China faces the Pacific__________ the east. 2.
the east of China.
China lies __________ the east of Asia. Section Four Grammar
预习导学
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词who, whom, whose, which 和that 等；关系副词有when, where, why 等。

关系词不仅起连接作用，而且还代表先行词并在定语从句中担任某一句子成分，关系代词作主语、宾语、定语、表语等，关系副词作状语。

定语从句的结构： 先行词__ +_______ +________
先行词是人或物, 在句中充当_____, _____,____,_____等成分用关系代词
I.先行词是人,在从句中作主语和宾语用关系代词_______, _______，_______。

who, whom ，that 的区别：
1 介词后只能用_______ ，不能用_______ _______。

2 先行词为代词，或逗号后不用_______。

3 主句是特殊疑问句，已经有who ，则从句引导词用_______。

II.先行词是事或物, 在从句中作主语、宾语，用关系代词_______, _______。

that, which,的区别:
1. 只用which: ______后, _______后。

2. 只用that ： ○1先行词是或被指物的不定代词修饰，常用的不定代词有：______, ______, ______, _____, _____, _____, _____, _____ ______, ______,______, ______, ______等 ○2先行词特指，为the +_____(包括last, next)/ _______/ ______/ _____等修饰时 ○3先行词有____又有_____ ○4先行词在从句中作____语 ○5主句是___或___开头的特殊疑问句。

3. 不用that 引导 ○1在__________定语从句中， ○2直接在_____后作宾语时，不能用that 引导，要用whom, whose 或which ，且不能省略。

但当介词放在从句的末尾时，可以用______替代which, ______替代whom ，也可以省略关系代词。

○3当先行词是指人的all, any, few, one(s), anyone, everyone, people 等时，多用______。

○4当先行词与关系代词之间有较复杂的短语或从句隔开时
○5定语从句中，those who相当于意为“凡……的人”，表示的是两者以上的不定数量，who引导的定语从句用复数，不能用that代替。

（注意：anybody who, he who中谓语动词用单数。

III. 先行词是事或物, 在从句中只用作定语，表示“…的”, 后加名词, 用关系代词_______。

指物 = the +名词 +_______, 指人= the +名词+_______。

IV. 关系代词whom, which前介词的选择看主句中的习惯搭配或从句中动词的搭配而决定，但从句中含有介词的短语动词一般_____(拆开,不拆开)，介词仍放在动词的后面。

V. 定语从句常犯的问题
○1引导词用错. 如：The book which cover is green was lost yesterday.(应改为______) ○2语序用错. 如：Is there anything else that can I do for you? (应改为______)
○3无先行词如：Is this museum _____ you visited last Saturday? (应该填________ ) Is this the museum ______ we visited last Saturday? (应该填________ )
○4关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数没有和____保持一致，如：Tom is the only one of the boys who _____(like) playing football. (应该填________ )
○5引导词代替的成分在从句中又出现。

如：
Do you know the boy whom / who / that I talked with him just now? (应改为______)实战演练
定语从句练习
I. 用所给的关系代词which, that, who, whom, whose.完成以下从句：
The force __________ causes everything to fall towards the ground is called gravity.
A friend __________ helps you in time of need is a friend indeed.
He saw a house __________ windows were all broken.
Everything __________ can be done today mustn’t be done tomorrow.
This is the best hotel __________ I know.
The boy with ______ John spoke is my brother..
He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows，most of ____________ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.
He talked a lot about the teachers and the schools __________ he had visited. The ninth lesson __________ we are learning is the most difficult in Book One. Will you please lend me the very book ______ you bought yesterday?
II. 把下列句子改写成定语从句。

（提示：主从句的选择：主句多为：1表状态，2 表结果3 时间较后；从句多为：1 表动作 2 表原因 3时间靠前）
1. I have a friend. He likes listening to classical music.
_____________________________________________
2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress. I gave it to her.
_____________________________________________
3. The student’s article was published. I know the student.
_____________________________________________ 4. Betty is studying English very well. She has never been abroad. _____________________________________________
5. My grandparents live in a house. It is more than 100 years old. _____________________________________________。