考研语法天速成电子教材(Grammar textbook for days)

考研语法10天速成电子教材（Grammar textbook for 10 days）Grammar textbook for 10 days
Speaker: Yin Jiankun
Welcome to the New Oriental online electronic teaching material
Attributive Clause (Part I)
What is the attributive clause? What is the attributive clause?
Examples: A, rich, person, is, not, the, who, has, the, most, but, is, one, the, one, who,, needs, the, least.
A sentence with a complete subject predicate structure used to modify the preceding noun or pronoun is called an attributive clause. There are two essential basic elements. One is antecedent, and the other is relative.
1. nouns or pronouns do antecedent.
Examples: He, laughs, best, who, laughs, last.
2. phrases as antecedent. Many, of, life, s, problems, which, were, solved, asking, family, members, friends, or, colleagues, are, beyond, the, by, capability, of,, the, extended, resolve., family, to
3. use sentences as antecedent. The, Greeks, assumed, that, structure, of, language, some, connection, with, the, process, of, thought, which, took, root, in, Europe, long, before,,
people, realized, had, how, the, diverse, languages, be., could
I, am, a, student, which, you, all, know.
When the antecedent and the relational word are separated, how do they behave?. Such as: Today, stepladders, carry, labels, inches, long, that, warn, among, other, things, that, you, might - surprise - fall several off.
Method of finding antecedent. Reduction to absurdity. Take it in. Which one is smooth? Which one is antecedent?.
1. translating attributive clauses.
2., combining the structural features and position features of antecedent words, we can find the words which have logical relation with the meaning of attributive clauses before the relative words.
Attributive Clause (next)
Two. The use of relative pronouns in attributive clauses.
1. commonly used relative pronouns: which, that, who, whom. Whom uses very little now. There are prepositions in front, only with which, not with that.
2., the special conditions of the relative pronoun in the examination.
What:1) it's a hermaphrodite. Equivalent to a relative pronoun
and an antecedent. The antecedent should not appear in front of the What. If you have a relational word in front, you cannot use what to direct it. For example: You, can, have, everything, what, you, like., what=all, that, so there is no what. here
All---is, a, continuous, supplying, of, the, basic, necessities, life, of
A., what, is, the, need
B. the things need
C. for our needs
D. that is need
2) what is used alone, no noun at the back.
For example: She, is, not, what, she, used, to, be.
3) add nouns after what
For example: What, money, I, have, has, been, given,, to, you.
1997 questions: ______he, knows, about, it, is, out, of, date,, and, in, accurate
A. What little
B. So much
C. How much
D. So little
As
1. like
2. as
3. when
4., guide attributive clause. It can guide restrictive attributive clauses and also guide non restrictive attributive clauses. Guiding restrictive attributive clauses; general fixed use. Such as as... As, such... As
As leads to unrestricted attributive clauses
For example: I, was, a, boy, which, you, know., which can be replaced by as.
As, is, so, often, out, knowledge, is, a, two, edge, weapon, which, can, be,, used, equally, pointed, for, good, evil., or
As guided restrictive attributive clauses
The exam is often accompanied by regular collocations.
For example: Such, a, student, as, works, hard, were, be,, sure, to, succeed.
As a relative pronoun, than can guide the attributive clause
更多的家庭是单亲家庭或双职工家庭；因此，孩子很可能在家里____较少的监管传统家庭。

这会比这
特点：
1）比作为关系代词引导词在从句中一般必须做主语或者作宾语。

2）比前面的主句必须要有比较级
3）比较级所修饰的名词就是比指代的对象
三、关系副词
当引导的定语从句。

1）先行词必须是表示时间的名词。

大约80年代初，陪审团开始让更多的公司为客户的不幸承担责任。

2）如何区分当引导的定语从句和状语从句。

用句子表示状语就是状语从句。

例如：我上学的时候，我会努力的。

从两方面区分：
当引导的定语从句前一定有表示时间的名词；当引导的状语语从句前没有有表示时间的名词。

从翻译的角度看如果是引导的定语从句可以不翻译如果是状语从句就必须翻译成当......时候。

当=在哪个
哪里
在何处
在例如引导的从句先行词必须是表示地点的名词：
我出生在北京，在那里将举行奥运会。

先行词表示地点，不一定用来引导例如那里：
我从未去过北京，但它的地方__。

“我想去
我想去那
我最想去拜访
我想参观它最d.thar
名词从句
讲五个问题：
一、名词从句的本质。

1。

概念：就是把一个完整的句子当一个名词来使用。

那么从句就具备了名词所具备的所有性质。

主语、宾语、表语、同位语。

2。

引导名词从句常用的连词。

有三类：1），；2）是否，如果；3）时，在哪里，如何等连接副词或什么，谁，谁的等连接代词。

这引导的名词性从句不能做任何句子成分。

什么一定在从句中充当主语或者宾语。

这和的后面必须接名词。

例如：
有人提出__witness可能会在法庭上夸大他们的故事以确保有罪判决。

每年当C.which D.that
3多重的名词从句现象例如）：
我意识到我所说的是没有什么想说的。

考题：李教授的书将告诉你________可以用在其他方面。

[你所观察到的]
[B]你是如何观察到的？
[C]你观察到了什么？
[D]你观察到了什么？
二、名词从句中的主语从句
主语从句有如下几种表示方式：
1。

用，那放在句首引导主语从句。

例如：
那海洋的过度捕捞已相识多年。

3。

用是+控制+…例如：
人们相信你是个好孩子。

3。

用是否例如引导主语从句：
是否眼睛是心灵的窗户”是有争议的。

三、宾语从句
需要掌握的几点：
2005年例句及物动词后面的宾语从句：
你还记得那些年科学家认为吸烟会杀死我们吗？
四、表语从句
就是一句话做另一个句子的表语。

就是把从句放在系动词的后面。

1997年例句：
访问美国的一个报告始终是大多数美国人对他们的友好、谨慎和抱有希望。

五、同位语从句
就是用来补充说明同位语的名词成分的句子。

结构是：名词+ +从句。

同位语从句与宾语从句和定语从句的区别：引导宾语从句和定语从句的的，这可以省略，而引导同位语从句的，不能省略。

定语从句中的，必须在从句中扮演主语或者宾语。

同位语从句的，不扮演任何成分。

例如：
有一种流行的说法，家庭不稳定导致社会不稳定。

这不做句子成分。

状语从句（上）
第三讲状语从句（上）
一、状语从句的本质。

就是用一个句子来作另外一个句子的状语。

状语从句的分类：时间状语、地点状语、原因状语、结果状语、目的状语、条件状语、让步状语、比较状语、方式状语。

2005年例句
奇怪的是，有些人发现他们可以闻到一种花香，但不是另一个，____有些人却对两种花香的气味敏感。

当B.从C. D.而
难点：1.when
常考的句型：几乎没有…的时候；当谈到这；说到；1991年例句：____to说话时，听众就打断了他。

A.他刚开始不久，他刚开始
B.
直到他开始D.他刚刚开始
1998年例句：
做你的家庭作业是一个肯定的方式来提高你的考试成绩，尤其是
________谈到课堂测试。

答：B.以前C。

2。

地点状语从句
在例如引导地点状语一般总是放在主句的后面：
司机应该慢下来哪里有学校。

3。

原因状语从句
因为从......起；因为......
比较特殊的连词：在因为的意思。

例句：女孩像她母亲，她也有很微妙的感觉。

现在，因为；鉴于…
4。

目的状语从句
恐怕…唯恐，害怕；怕当心，害怕引导的是虚拟语气。

谓语是应该+动词原形。

应该常省略。

5。

结果状语从句有两种引导法所以…，；，；，；，等…
2001年例句：谈话变弱，在一个社会，花太多时间听别人说________它几乎失去了说话的意愿和本身的技能。

作为哪个C，那D.什么？
把所以…，；，；，；，中的这样…所以或放在句首形成倒装句例如等：
光速很快，我们很难想象它的速度。

在某种程度上（，）表示结果
在某种程度上表示在......之内。

To a certain extent
The 6. adverbial clause is guided by unless; if
Difficulty: only if; if only
Only if is "only" means; if only is "as long as" means. 2000 example:
He can continue to support himself and his family he produces a surplus. ____
A., only, if,
B., much, as, C,.Long, before,, D., ever, since
Remember: Supposing (that)... Provided (that)... On, condition,
that...
For example: He, will, surely, finished, job, time, ____he, has, on, left, to, do,, it, in, his, way., own
A.in, that,
B.in, case,
C.as, far, as,
D.so, as, long
Adverbial clause (below)
7. concession adverbial clause although; though; even if; even though
1997: its economy. __ __ continues to recover, the US is increasingly becoming a nation of part timers and temporary workers.
A., Even, though,
B., Now, that,
C., If, only,,
D., Provided, that
2004: All these conditions tend. To increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act a direct causal, __ _ relationship has not yet been established.
A., provided,
B., since,
C., although,
D., supposing
Prepositions of concession: in, spite, of; despite, for example: __what, he, achieved, in,, medicine, he, remained, modest.
A., Despite,
B., Although,
C., If,
D., Whereas
However; nevertheless; nonetheless
In 1998 the This view is generally thought to; __, be wrong.
A., however,
B., meanwhile,
C., therefore,
D., more, over
While when...... Time, however, but
Key: the adverbial clause of concession related to as
A reverse sentence guided by as
Adj., adv., participles, nouns, phrases, +as+ subjects + predicates.
For example: Child, as, he, is, he, can, remember, a,, lot, of, things.
As or so+adj+as+ subject predicate structure
For example: As, much, as, John, hates, do, it, he, must, stay, to, at, home,, and, study, tonight.
8. adverbial clause of comparison
Focus on "multiple" as the title
1. multiples + A, is, three, times, bigger, than, B.
2. multiples +as... As structure. A, is, three, times, as, big, as, B.
3. multiples + Noun Structure A, is, Three, times, the, size, of, B.
No, more, than features:
1., No, more, than=not, any, more, than
2., from the functional point of view, often refers to the analogy between the two things.
3. from the point of view, yes and...... Same.
Not so much as
Structurally, there are two 1. Not, A, so, much, as, B.
2.not so much as B. is better than A, not B.
For example: It wasn t so much that I "disliked her that I just wasn ________ 't interested in the whole business.
A., rather,
B., so,
C., than,
D., as
Compound sentence
Coordinate sentence
Coordinate the structure of the sentence from the back. For example: I, like, apples, from, Japan, and, bananas.
And can connect two juxtaposed words, phrases, sentence
elements, clauses and sentences.
1., and, there must be tied. When tied, make sure the elements are juxtaposed.
The 2. and are juxtaposed. But there are dozens of cases tied up in the postgraduate entrance examination. Different processing should be conducted according to each different coordinate.
3., there are and parallel, from the back of the and looking forward,
Instead of looking back from the front.
Two, attributive after
She, is, a, beautiful, girl.
An adjective attribute is equivalent to a of - guided noun as a postposition attribute. The last sentence can be written as She, is, a, girl, of, beauty.
Parenthesis
Parenthesis
The part that can be taken from the sentence without affecting the whole sentence, the subject predicate structure, is the parenthesis. The difference between parenthesis and the same predicate: parenthesis is often inserted between the subject
and the predicate. For example: I, am, an, ugly, man. can be replaced by I am, a, man, who,, is, and ugly.
Can also be replaced by I, who, is, a, man, am, ugly.
1. from a propositional point of view, the two commas in parenthesis are equivalent to two parentheses. Represents the explanation and explanation in front of the parenthesis.
2. from the point of view of long difficult sentences. The role of parenthesis is to put it aside as a whole and to put it in the end.
Participle phenomenon
There are mainly four kinds of tests. (omitted)
Parenthesis
Syntax application
PubMed does not necessarily test grammar. The main thing is to apply grammar knowledge for reading, typing, writing and so on. The key is to use grammar to deal with long difficult sentences.
For example: She, who, her, mother, s, daughter, is, a, girl, of, beauty, which, is, envied, by, lily,, who, is,, of, ugliness, is, which, we, all, know.
The method and procedure of analyzing sentences by peeling onions:
1. take the full stop as the unit to judge how many onions are in the sentence.
1) look at the sentence. Do you have and and or in the sentence?. It depends on whether they are connected or not. If it is a word and phrase, then and is not an onion before and after. It's only when the two sentences are tied together that it's an onion. For example: I, like, apples, and, bananas., apples, and, bananas in which the object is juxtaposed.
Another example: I am 22 and Jim is 23. is two onions at this time.
2) see if there are any but. in the period, and but is not necessarily the two onion. For example: But, I, am, a, boy.
3) are there any special punctuation marks in the full stop?.
Colon: "from the point of view of the proposition, if the problem is in front of the colon, the answer usually appears behind the colon.". If the problem is behind the colon, the answer appears in most cases in front of the colon.
From the perspective of long difficult sentences, the colon is independent before and after.
The Dash "-" is equal to the colon: ":" the function is the same.
A semicolon; a semicolon, independent of each other, into an onion.
2. peeled each of the onions. The first layer of the skin of each onion is the core of this sentence. Thereafter, from the second layer, each layer of skin represents a grammatical phenomenon.
3. translate each layer of leather into chinese.
4. in the peeling at the question. By the way of inquiry to each layer of skin together. This is to break up the whole into parts from zero to a whole.
Syntax application
Use the previously awarded grammar knowledge. Continue to explain the application of peeling onion in the long difficult sentence of postgraduate entrance examination.
In 1994 his first article.
Passage I
The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market- oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. Private businessmen striving to, make profits, produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced. Thus,
在美国的经济体系是消费者个人的需求，加上商人获取最大利润和个人收入最大化的欲望，一起决定了什么应该被制造，以及资源如何被用来制造它。

市场经济中的一个重要因素是生产者可以表达和回应消费者需求的机制。

在美国经济中，这种机制是由价格体系提供的，价格是一个价格上升和下降的过程，以响应消费者的相对需求和卖方生产者提供的供给。

如果产品供不应求，价格就会上涨，部分消费者将被淘汰。

另一方面，如果大量生产某种商品导致其成本降低，这就有可能增加卖方和制造商能提供的供给，而这也就会反过来降低价格并允许更多的消费者购买产品。

因此，价格是美国经济体制的调节机制。

私营企业经济的重要因素是允许个人拥有生产性资源（私人后裔），并允许他们雇佣劳动力，获得对自然资源的控制，并生产商品和服务以营利为目的。

在美国经济中，私有财产的概念不仅包括对生产性资源的所有权，还包括某些权利，包括确定产品价格或与另一个私人个体自由签定合同的权利。

51。

11号线，对1，“个人的欲望使他们的收入最大化”means__。

美国人是不满意自己的收入
美国人倾向于用他们的收入来计算他们的收入。

C.美国人想要增加他们的收入
美国人想增加自己收入的购买力
52。

第二段第一二ntences告诉我们that__。

A.生产者可以通过机械化生产满足消费者
B.消费者可以通过生产者表达自己的需求
C.生产者决定产品的价格
D.供给和需求调节价格
53。

根据文章，私人企业经济的特点是by__。

A.私人财产和有关的权利
B.人力和自然资源控制
C.生产资源的所有权
D.自由合同和价格
54。

这篇文章主要是about__。

美国货是如何生产的
B.
美国消费者如何购买他们的商品
C.美国经济体制如何运作
D.美国商人如何赚取利润。