英语词汇基础 CHAPTER 2

CHAPTER 2
analyze attitude category contrast critical deliberate excessive fragile frustration indicate
Ten Words in Context
In the space provided, write the letter of the meaning closest to that of each boldfaced word. Use the context of the sentences to help you figure out each word's meaning.
1. analyze/'ænəlaiz / - verb
●Someone in the laboratory will analyze the blood sample to see if the patient has
an illness.
●Before we can suggest solutions, we must carefully analyze the city's money
problems.
________ Analyze means a. to plan. b. to study. c. to create.
2. attitude/'ætitju:d / - noun
●Athletes need to have a positive attitude. Even if they have lost the previous
game, they need to come into the next one ready to win.
●Rudy came to the party with a poor attitude; he was sure that he'd be bored and
wouldn't have any fun.
________ Attitude means a. set of rules. b. background. c. way of thinking.
3. category/'kætigəri / - noun
●When I was in high school, I didn't seem to fit into any category. I wasn't an
athlete, a scholar, or a rebel.
●The small store had many jazz and rock recordings, but not much in the category
of country music.
________ Category means a. goal. b. feeling. c. group.
4. contrast /'kɔntra:st / - noun
●Everyone is surprised to see that there's a contrast between Peggy's eyes — one
eye is brown, and the other is green.
●I was struck by the contrast between the fancy cars and houses west of Main
Street and the poor neighborhoods to the east.
________ Contrast means a. disappointment. b. place. c. difference.
5. critical/'kritikəl / - adjective
●My boss can be very critical of me when I don't do my best work, but she's also
quick to praise me when I do well.
●My aunt is critical of her neighbors. She calls them lazy because their house
needs painting and their yard is overgrown with weeds.
________ Critical means a. fault-finding. b. jealous. c. proud.
6. deliberate /di'libərət / - adjective
●Manny's pushing me was quite deliberate; it wasn't accidental at all.
●I'm sure our neighbor knew that the tall tree he was planting would keep the sun
from our flowers. It was a deliberate dirty trick.
________ Deliberate means a. easy. b. fair. c. planned.
7. excessive/ik'sesiv / - adjective
●Excessive speed caused the accident; the truck driver was going nearly eighty
miles an hour.
●Mrs. Hill's concern about her little boy's health is excessive. She rushes him to the
doctor every time he gets the sniffles or scrapes his knee.
________ Excessive means a. overly great. b. off and on. c. normal.
8. fragile/'frædʒail / - adjective
●The lamp is fragile, so when you pack it, please put it in a deep box with plenty
of newspaper around it.
●When our daughter was little, we kept our fragile dishes and glasses out of her
reach. We knew she would break them.
________ Fragile means a. broken. b. strong. c. breakable.
9. frustration/frʌs'treiʃən / - noun
●Trying to learn to roller-blade, I fell down twenty times and then crashed into a
wall. Feeling more frustration than pain, I finally gave up.
●Elaine felt great frustration when she failed her driving test for the third time.
________ Frustration means a. relief. b. discouragement. c. pleasure.
10. indicate /'indikeit / - verb
●Jeff's frown seemed to indicate that he was unhappy with our plan.
●The parking-lot attendant pointed to indicate that I should drive the car all the
way up to the fence.
________ Indicate means a. to hide. b. to show. c. to plan.
Matching Words with Definitions
Following are definitions of the ten words. Print each word next to its definition. If you look closely at each word in context, you will be able to figure out its meaning.
1. ___________ A feeling of anger and helplessness that comes from bad luck,
defeat, or failure; disappointment
2. ___________ A point of view; state of mind; way of thinking or feeling
3. ___________ A group of people or things having something in common; type
4. ___________Too much; more than is reasonable
5. ___________Done on purpose; carefully planned
6. ___________An obvious difference
7. ___________Disapproving; tending to find fault
8. ___________Easily broken or damaged
9. ___________To examine carefully; study closely
10. ___________T o show; serve as a sign or signal
CAUTION: Do not go any further until you are sure the above answers are correct. Then you can use the definitions to help you in the following practices. Your goal is eventually to know the words well enough so that you don't need to check the definitions at all.
Sentence Check 1
to take driving lessons.
________ 2. A planned action is ______.
________ 3.______ eating over the holidays led to my gaining three pounds.
________ 4. A road sign with a picture of a leaping deer ______s that deer often cross the road at that spot.
________ 5.After losing every game last season, the soccer players began training this year with a poor ______. If they don't transform˚their outlook,
they will have another losing season.
________ 6.Something that is ______ can be easily damaged.
________ 7.Which ______ of movie do you prefer, comedy or action-adventure?
________ 8.When Maggie ______d her reasons for wanting to marry Joe, she realized that they were not good ones.
________ 9.Many teenagers feel their parents are too ______ of their clothing, music, and friends.
________ 10.I was surprised by the ______ between kind, gentle Bill and his impatient, bad-tempered brother.
Sentence Check 2
Using the answer lines, complete each item below with two words from the box.
1-2. There is a large ______ between things that fit in the ______ of junk food and those foods needed for basic nutrition.
3-4. When a child is learning to play a musical instrument, parents should have an encouraging ______. Rather than being ______ of
the child, parents should find things to praise.
5-6. When we broke three glasses while washing the dishes, it wasn't ______.They were just too ______.
7-8. Most people can deal with some ______, but if discouragement becomes ______, it can actually cause illness.
9-10. When we ______ the citywide election returns, they will ______ how each neighborhood voted.
Related Words
Once you learn a new word, you can more easily understand many related words. Below are ten words related to the core words of this chapter. Use their definitions to
other signs of being sick.
________ 2.No matter how many times Mike says it was an accident, I believe he ______ tried to knock me down.
________ 3.Our garden is growing more vegetables than our family can eat, so we're giving the ______ to neighbors.
________ 4.The laboratory's ______ of the blood sample showed that the patient was quite healthy.
________ 5.We painted our living room in ______ colors — one wall is pale yellow
I kicked it.
________ 7.My parents ______ their books by subject — mysteries, health, humor, and so on.
________ 8.My instructor's ______ of my paper was tough, but helpful. In addition to pointing out the paper's faults, he suggested ways to correct them.
________ 9.I'm completely ______ when it comes to pizza. Frozen or fresh-baked, crisp or soggy, thick crust or thin — I love it all.
________ 10.E ven though her son is now in college, Mrs. Hill is still ______ concerned about him. She calls him every day to be sure he's eating
right and getting enough sleep.
Synonyms and Antonyms
A. Synonyms. Write the letter of the word or phrase that most nearly means the same as each boldfaced word.
________ 1.analyze
a. remember
b. examine
c. find fault with
d. use
________ 2.attitude
a. height
b. outlook
c. knowledge
d. skill
________ 3.category
a. group
b. purpose
c. reaction
d. problem
________ 4.critical
a. absent
b. frightened
c. nervous
d. disapproving ________ 5.indicate
a. plan
b. conceal
c. show
d. disappoint B. Antonyms. Write the letter of the word or phrase that most nearly means the opposite of each boldfaced word.
________ 6.contrast
a. difference
b. environment
c. enjoyment
d. sameness
________ 7.deliberate
a. accidental
b. harmful
c. helpful
d. fortunate
________ 8.excessive
a. not real
b. not enough
c. unexpected
d. required
________ 9.fragile
a. damaged
b. unbreakable
c. unnecessary
d. beautiful
________ 10.f rustration
a. showing ignorance
b. feeling hatred
c. being satisfied
d. expressing surprise
Final Check
Read the passages carefully. Then fill in each blank with the word that best fits the context.
(1)________ of everyone else's mistakes? If the washing machine or the stereo breaks down, is your reaction (2)________ anger and (3)________? If so, beware! Too much bad temper and discouragement could be harming your health. Scientists say that faultfinders and those who are often angry actually seem to have more heart attacks. So if you fall into this (4)________ of people, it's a smart idea to try to change your outlook. Learn to take things more calmly; learn to be more patient when someone or something disappoints you. If your (5)________ improves, your health may improve too.
(6)________ there is in their leisure activities! Mira loves an exciting challenge˚ and often takes (7)________ risks. She has mastered the skateboard, she drives in stock-car races, and she's even tried boxing. In fact, she says she'd go skydiving if only she could afford it. Pat is a collector. She spends her spare time searching for old crystal and china — and taking care of it. She never minds the hours it takes her to wash and dust her precious, (8)________ treasures. Then there's Celia, who wants to spend every possible minute reading — and that's all! You've never met Mira, Pat, and Celia, but doesn't this tell you a lot about them? If we (9)________ how people spend leisure time, their interests and hobbies can reveal a great deal about their
personalities. What do you think your hobbies and other activities would (10)________ about you?。