美国文学选读期末论文嘉莉妹妹
《嘉莉妹妹》中美国梦论文
浅谈《嘉莉妹妹》中的美国梦摘要：在德莱塞的小说《嘉莉妹妹》中，“美国梦”这个主题贯穿故事的始终：嘉莉的性格和命运，都是当时充斥于社会中的美国梦造成的。
本文通过阐述主人公对“美国梦”的追求以及现实和梦想的破灭，暗示了“美国梦”的虚幻性和幻想破灭的必然性。
关键词：《嘉莉妹妹》美国梦性格现实命运中图分类号：i106.4 文献标识码：a一美国梦的起源与发展美国梦（american dream），是美国人引以为豪的一种信念，是指在美国，无论出身、年龄、性别、种族，只要具有坚韧不拔的毅力、勤劳肯干的精神和过人的聪明才智，任何人都可能取得成功，过上舒适的生活，使自己的梦想变为现实。
这种成功，仅仅依赖于个体的勤奋，而非依赖于他人和社会的援助。
拥有美国梦的美国人认为，只要自身的努力，就可以改变自己的社会地位，就可能从一名不文的穷人变为百万富翁，从默默无闻的小人物走进白宫。
美国梦起源于17世纪，英格兰移民怀揣自由与财富的梦想乘坐“五月花号”来到荒无人烟的美洲大陆，其中很多人是清教徒，他们主张宗教自由和民主平等，宣扬梦想靠自身的努力即可实现的观点，因此，当时的美国梦的确催人奋进，起到了积极的作用。
当历史的时针走到18世纪末期，加州大量金矿的发现激起了狂热的淘金潮，人们对金钱的贪欲达到了顶峰，并且一夜暴富成为了梦想的核心。
这就成为了美国梦开始扭曲的转折点。
《嘉莉妹妹》正是在这种时代背景下应运而生的。
二《嘉莉妹妹》美国梦的时代背景《嘉莉妹妹》是美国著名的自然主义时代社会小说家西奥多·德莱塞（1871-1945）的第一部长篇小说。
在当时德莱塞生活的时代，美国正处于由农村向城市的转型历史阶段。
此时，人们追求“美国梦”达到了白热化阶段。
但是此时的美国梦已经不再具有最初的诚实劳动改变所处环境实现梦想的积极的现实意义，人们只关注自经济地位和自身利益，而无视自己的行为是否符合传统道德观。
康涅狄格州立大学历史学教授马修·渥肖尔曾评论道：“美国梦就是对财富的无限渴求和追逐”。
嘉莉妹妹论文指导
嘉莉妹妹1，出生在美国上个世纪的一个乡村小镇2，一直在父母的照顾之下成长，本性未充分表露展现3，从小就向往梦想，试图走出乡村走向上层社会4，命运在他去姐姐那发生了转机，为他提供了契机，一切都是那样的理所当然，在火车上一名推销员有意识的调情和展露下，他的上层社会观念悄然发生了改变，加强了，他向往上层社会的的强烈愿望和意向，希望转机有朝一日能够成为上层社会的一员，当她明白了后，并且为此接受了他的调情期望从它那里获取成为上层社会的知识，而后成为了他的情人，而后的种种插曲，后来的另觅新欢，再次成为了别人的情人（上层社会）在事情暴露后，传说的上层社会人士身败名裂！沦为乞丐、而她却在生活的逼迫下，悄然登入了梦想的上层社会殿堂！5，文中嘉莉妹妹由最先的乡村梦想女孩，充满了对大城市的好奇心与向往，由一个乡村保守女性，转变为一个为了那梦想的追逐，在生存法则严格的情况下，疯狂的进取，不择手段的。
成为了一个为了自己的利益，而违背社会伦理道德与爱情忠贞不顾，复攀高枝抛弃他人的写实生存状况，让人见识了利益性格的可塑性，人性的本真与后天的改变，社会的利害关系资本主义社会，生存法则的力量！6,每个人都有追求自己幸福的权利，但追求的方式却不尽相同，不同的出身，不同的际遇，不一样的世界观与价值观，早就来不一样的人生！性格决定命运，莎士比亚曾说的这句话，无疑验证了嘉利起起落落的许许多多，男人与女人在这个社会上本就有许多的不同，在资本主义社会表现的尤为明显，利益至上奢华的资本主义社会，完美的诠释了一句话：人不为己天诛地灭！嘉利只是个代表，她揭示的是一种社会状况，社会的深层矛盾！上层与下层利益追逐，可悲，可叹，还是那亦有回想的，穷途末路，横看风中竖琴！——结局亦是那心灵的创伤，黑暗中的眼睛、黄金难买的幸福、嘿嘿、、、随便的写的，仅供思路参考哦。
认为不对的，记得告诉我哦，呵呵、、祝早日完成！。
《嘉莉妹妹》女性主义探析嘉莉妹妹女性主义论文
《嘉莉妹妹》女性主义探析嘉莉妹妹女性主义论文一时代背景19世纪末20世纪初，美国社会处于由传统工业向现代工业的转型期，工业化和机械化程度日益增强，传统的精神信仰受到了经济发展的冲击，新的精神信仰尚未形成，而女性在当时以男性为中心的社会中仍处于附属地位。
这一时期西方正处于第一次女权运动浪潮之中, 女性开始为争取自身的解放而奋斗，批判男权主义的女权主义应运而生。
2848年，伊丽莎口•凯蒂•斯坦顿和卢科瑞蒂亚•莫特带领女权主义改革者在塞内卡瀑布举行聚会，要求修正法典里许多对妇女不公平的待遇。
纽约州召开了妇女代表大会，争取选举权运动。
这期间，美国社会出现了成千上万的•新女性”。
一般来讲，“新女性”指两类妇女，一类是劳动阶层的年轻女工，另一类是不安于传统女性命运的中产阶级少女和少妇。
“新女性”大都具有强烈的自我意识和独立的个性，受过一定程度的教育，性观念较为开放，不为传统的家庭观念所束缚。
她们常常通过各种方式为自己争取更大的独立权利，并呼吁与男人一样享有平等的权利。
’新女性”的崛起为当时的美国文学提供了全新的素材，注入了新的活力。
大批•新女性”以•自主、独立、蔑视传统”的姿态出现在美国社会，并以否定传统婚姻和家庭观念的大胆行为来挑战男权社会。
但是仍然有许多男性作家，如杰克•伦敦、亨利•詹姆斯等为捍卫男性权威、维护传统妇道而把•新女性”刻画成性情古怪，行为异常，令读者嫌恶的角色。
当时的女性仍然受着清教主义的影响，主流女性形象是温文尔雅的淑女，是虔诚的清教徒，这也就说明，当时的女性在婚后应该全心全意相夫教子，不能毫无顾忌地放纵自我的情感，整天沉溺于男欢女爱。
女性应该是纯洁无瑕的，应该是纯洁高尚的化身，不能读任何有关性和性爱的故事。
尽管德莱塞勇于而对现实，在《嘉莉妹妹》中描绘了以嘉莉为代表的“新女性”的形象，却也未能摆脱遭致恶评的命运。
德莱塞并未像其他世俗之人一样把嘉莉描绘成一个为了虚荣和欲望出卖肉体的低级女性，而是一个•被动的奋斗者”, 属于高层次的女性。
美国作家西奥多德莱赛的嘉莉妹妹论文
IntroductionSister Carrie is Theodore Dreiser’s first novel, it was a commercial and critical failure when first published in 1900, but was reissued in 1907 and won high praise for its grim, naturalistic portrayal of American society. Carrie Meeber is the protagonist of the the story. Penniless and “full of the illusions of ignorance and youth,”she leaves her rural home to seek work in Chicago. On the train, she becomes acquainted with Charles Drouet, a salesman. In Chicago, she lives with her sister and brother-in-law, and works for a time in a shoe factory. Meager income and terrible work condition oppress her imaginative spirit. After a period of unemployment and loneliness, she accepts Drouet and becomes his mistress. During Drouet’s absences, she falls in love with Drouet’s friend, George Hurstwood, a middle-aged, married, comparatively intelligent and cultured saloon manager. They finally elope, first to Montreal and then to New York. They live together for more than three years. Carrie becomes mature in intellect and emotion, while Hurstwood, away from the atmosphere of success on while his life has been based, and steadily declines. So their relations become strained. At last, she thinks him too great a burden and leaves him. Hurstwood sinks lower and lower. After becoming a beggar, he commits suicide, while Carrie Meeber becomes a star of musical comedies. But in spite of her success, she is lonely and dissatisfied.In the novel Sister Carrie the author tells us, to Carrie, there must always be a new world to conquer, new goals to achieve. In other words, there must be a new level that is more satisfying than any she has reached.Carrie Meeber does not wish to remain poor and comes to the city to seek whatever she can find. But she is not a simple gold digger. She is much more complex than that, because her goals are clothes, money and fame. However, she does not mind the means through which she achieves them. In the course of her pursuit, Carrie subordinates everything to her consuming ambition, but in the end, her dream is completely broken, and she finds that she can never attain what she wants. She sitslonely in her rocking chair and dreams of such happiness as she may never feel.There is a particular characteristic of the novel which is worth mentioning----much of the space is devoted to the descriptions of the terrible working condition of the factory，where workers are treated as untiring machines. Dreiser shows great sympathy with the working people with whom he is so familiar in his youth. In his novels，workers，both male and female，seem vulgar, rude and ignorant，but warm-hearted and considerate. Take the workmates of Carrie at the shoe’s factory for example. They teach her how to work，try to aid her as much as they dare by working slower, and comfort her in her desperation. So there is true friendship among the workmates. It forms a striking contrast with Carries relationship with those bourgeoisies. And the workers turn out to be of higher class of consciousness in the chapters about the strike. The strikers know how to struggle for their rights. They are not armed，but fight peacefully. They say to the scrub "you don't want to take the bread out of another's mouth，do you?" "we're all working men，like yourself. If you were regular motorman，and had. been treated as we have been, you wouldn’t want anyone to take your place，would you?" "You wouldn’t want anyone to do you out of your chance to get your rights，would you?" "Come down，pared，and be a man. Don't fight the poor. “Though not revolutionary enough，but convincing and philosophic.”I think Sister Carrie is a long but not complicated novel; it had a chronological narrative which follows a linear sequence. Its organization and structure are, as we shall see later, quite conventional and Dreiser, who had after all little knowledge of literature, made no attempt to experiment with the form. It is rather the exact character-portrayal of the novel, the relentless exposure of human motives--- materialism is the core. Man had a meaningless and endless search for satisfaction of his desires, desires for money and sex is another human desire. Sexual beauty symbolizes the social status and shocks readers in 1900 and ultimately breaks new ground. Carrie's transgression, presented unapologetically Dreiser, was scandalous to contemporary readers. According to the conventions of Victorian melodrama, a woman who loves her virtue must be punished with death or other disastrous consequences. The sensation caused by Sister Carrie lay in the fact that, for the firsttime in American literature, a woman had a sexual relationship outside of marriage and came away unscathed. Sister Carrie shows some of the ideological doubts that Dreiser had about American society at the turn of the century. It creates a paradox in the idealism behind the novel. Carrie is to be lauded for her desire to succeed, but mercilessly slandered for her amoral ways of going about it.Though received not favorably and attacked as immoral by the public in its time, Sister Carrie best embodies Theodore Dreiser’s naturalistic belief that while men are controlled and conditioned by heredity, instinct and chance, a few extraordinary and unsophisticated human beings refuse to accept their fate wordlessly and instead strive, unsuccessfully, to find meaning and purpose for their existence. Carrie Meeber, as one of such, senses that she is merely a cipher in an uncaring world yet seeks to grasp the mysteries of life and thereby satisfies her desires for social status and material comfort.Chapter 1 A Description of Carrie Meeber’sBehaviorChangesThe protagonist in this novel is Carrie Meeber，a naive young girl who leaves home in Wisconsinite to find a job and hopes to live independently in Chicago. She is eighteen years old，"and full of illusions of ignorance and youth".And yet she was interested in her charms, quick to understand the keener pleasures of life, ambitions to gain in material things. A half-equipped little knight she was, venturing to reconnoiter the mysterious city and dreaming wild dreams of some vague, far-off supremacy, which should make it prey and subject --- the proper penitent, groveling at a woman’s slipper.②She believes that “everyone has chances to get rich” and “Chicago is paved with wealth”. Anyway she wishes to enjoy the comfort of the city and to find a betterfortune there. She is bright，timid and poverty-stricken.“When she hoarded the afternoon train for Chicago，her total outfit consisted of a small trunk，a cheap imitation alligator---skin satchel，a small lunch in paper box，and a yellow leather snap purse，containing her ticket and four dollars in money.“When she arrives，she stays together with her sister and her brother-in-law, and work in a shoe factory, but she cannot support her self and tired of her job. Meager income and terrible working condition oppress her imaginative spirit. Meanwhile, she usually complains about her dress and manner.She realized in a dim way how much the city held-wealth, fashion, ease-every adornment for women, and she longed for dress and beauty with a whole heart③But the social reality is cruel and harsh for her, instead of finding the wealth，fashion，comfort she has been longing for so long to achieve，she sees that "the walls of the rooms were discordantly papered，the floors were covered with matting and the hall laid with a thin rag carpet.，But things are getting worse for herself. She has to find a job as soon as possible, because she is so broke and penniless. But being inexperienced, and a new comer, she is helpless and how can get one job as easily as she imagines? She walks from door to door from morning till night，turning-here and there，seeing one great company after another, but in vain at first. Finally she is lucky enough to be employed at a shoe's factory for four and a half weeks. Several weeks before going to work she sits on a rocking--chair and imagines that the sum of money will "clear its way to every job and every bauble which the heart of a woman may desire”. ‘I will have a fine time” she thinks. But she has to work incessantly for more than ten hours. After the day's work，her eyes are tired，her arms aching and her limbs stiff. She feels that she can hardly endure such a life. So she gives up the job. Her little savings are soon gone. She is to pay four dollars for board and room，"and now she felt that it would be an exceedingly gloomy round，living with these people.”In her desperation，she meets again, the salesman Drouet，whom she once getsacquainted with on the train –to Chicago. She accepts his ten－dollar bills without much hesitation. She just feels the bills are “soft，green，handsome.” And she feels that “she was immensely better off for the having of them. It was something that was power in itself.” One of her order of mind would have been content to be cast away upon a desert island with a bundle of money.”She exclaims "Ah，money, money! What a thing it was to have. How plenty of it would clear away all these troubles!” So the little soldier of fortune becomes a toy, a plaything of the cynical Drouet. Just as reviewed by “She really was not enamored of Drouet. She was cleverer than he. In a dim way, she was beginning to see where he lacked.④”She can see that Drouet does not have the keenest sensibilities and does not have any intention to marry her. So when Hurstwood calls，she meets a man who is more clever than Drouet in a hundred ways. Hurstwood falls in love with Carrie，takes$10,000 from the saloon safe，and tricks her into joining him on a train. Once in New York Hurstwood is unable to find work，while Carrie gets a job as an actress and soon leaves him.She felt very much like a criminal in the matter. Each day looking at Hurstwood. She had realized that, along with the disagreeableness of his attitude, there was something Pathetic⑤After Carrie Meeber deserts Hurstwood, he is in great despair. Feeble and penniless, Hurstwood wanders in a cold winter night with nobody trying to help. Extremely hopeless and totally devastated, he turns the gas on in a cheap lodging-house and ends his life, while at the same time Carrie is rocking comfortably in her luxuriant hotel room before she boards a ship for London. Carrie Meeber's desertion of Hurstwood can be interpreted as cold and cruel, but she stays with him until it is clear that there is nothing anyone can do to save him. At that time she cannot do anything to change their fate either. The counter point of Carrie's rise and Hurstwood's fall is the final irony of the novel..As the plot develops on，Hurstwood is forced to beg on the streets and live in Bowery flophouses where he commits suicide，unknown to Carrie，who has now become the toast of New York society. Yet Carrie learns in her own mind that this is not happiness. She，alone，sits on her rocking-chair，dreaming such happiness as she may never feel. At the beginning of the novel，Dreiser says "When a girl leaves her home at eighteen, she does one of two things. Either she falls into saving hands and becomes better-, or she rapidly assumes the cosmopolitan standard of virtue and becomes worse". But this is not completely true for Carrie. She has two persons to help her, but instead of getting better, she goes from bad to worse. Actually there is no one who can be the savior for Carrie in the society. And she comes to realize it is impossible to be a success by working bard honestly. If you want to be successful，there is no choice but to sell your flesh and soul，fame and consciousness. As a matter of fact，she is always passive，following whither her craving leads. She is as yet more drawn than she draws. She is simply "an anchorless，storm-beaten little craft which can do absolutely nothing but drift," and "but a wisp in the wind"Chapter 2 Analysis of Carrie Meeber’s Behavior ChangesA. The Necessity for SurvivalBeing one of the millions who swarmed with others into the crowded big cities, Carrie Meeber, better known as Sister Carrie, flows to Chicago, the big prosperously industrial city to seek a better life. She is bright, timid, and full of the illusions of ignorance and youth. She thought that she could find a well-paid job and live comfortably among the upper social strata.Soon she realized that she is faced with the very basic need for living. According to the humanistic theorist Abraham Maslow, human needs can be arranged in a hierarchy ranging from the most necessary requirement for survival at the bottom to the most profound expressions of human potential，self-actualization at the top. After she is settled down in her sister Minnie's house she could not enjoy the comfort of afamily. Soon she realizes that her sister's house will not be her permanent place to dwell in. and conscious of the necessity to find a job sooner to support her. This is just in conformity with Maslow’s need hierarchy, with the need for basic physiological desire for food to keep one to survive at the bottom. Unless this need is met it is hard and impossible for a person to pursue higher needs. It is unlikely for the country girl to go to cinemas, go shopping, and buy the attractive, fancy clothes at the expense of the Hanson’s. They are even thinking of having Carrie pay the expenses fo r her board and lodging in order to save some money. How ruthless and unkind the industrialization has turned people that they will ignore the passions and love among family members.After a kind of long march for looking for a job, Carrie Meeber was lucky enough and finally got a job in a shoe factory. Even though the wage is quite low and she has to pay the Hansons four dollars a week for her room and board, she still indulges in her imagination of the showy city life that she may have someday. This is understandable and logical as better life and enjoyment are above the physiological need in Maslow's need hierarchy. What bores Carrie most is that her sister and Mr. Hanson are too old and their thoughts are too conservative that they do not share much in common. After losing her job Carrie is somewhat despaired, she is lonely and helpless in this desperate situation without anybody to give her any suggestion or guide. Drouet's timely presence is like a straw in the water to save a drowning person from being swallowed by water.As a naive and young, Carrie Meeber is so imaginative and her desire for a better life and enjoyment and live among the upper-class is so strong that even if she meets difficulty and cold treatment, such thoughts are still deeply rooted in her mind. This provides a clue for the readers' understanding of her later changes in behavior. Her overwhelming drive for self-interest will motivates her in every instance. We can clearly see Carrie’s readiness to adapt to new environment when she first comes to Chicago. She is a born craver for the material things. Carrie’s curiosity arid her attention to the possibilities extended by life seem more important and significant than any cautionary training she may have received from her parents. This may serve as areason why she soon falls into affair with Drouet and becomes her mistress.B. The Lure of the Material WorldHe we may see that the acceptance of Drouet's twenty-dollar support marks Carrie Meeber’s submission to his request and her even strong desire for materials. When she stands in front of the mirror of the clothes shop to observe her beautiful image and complexion she couldn't help feeling pleased and a warm glow creeps into her cheeks. Now she also has a just and proper appreciation of her inborn beauty and couldn't bear to feel sorry for herself because she doesn’t get li fe's due rewards for the sake of her attractiveness. After a period of unemployment and loneliness, she accepts Drouet and becomes his mistress.As the theory explains, Maslow's need hierarchy denotes that a need for security is above the physiological need, Material things are big attractions to her, which exert irresistible influence on her. Having taken one step on the socioeconomic ladder Carrie Meeber is bound to climb higher as this is her natural personality to be never satisfied with the present. After met Drouet’s friend Fitzgerald Hurstwood—a big manager, she is fascinated again, for an even luxurious and affluent life will be revealed in front of the eighteen-year-old country girl.As she has Drouet’s financial support, Carrie Meeber has now been at the second ladder of the need hierarchy. She is no longer worried about safety which she seeks from Drouet. But comparison with others shakes her already vulnerable mind and inspires her greater demand for the need. Carrie has usually tended to form her judgment from the material appearance, which is her instinct.” Carrie’s mind is flooded by sensory impression of the city’s material things and it succumbs.”Hurstwood invites Drouet and Carrie to see the famous actor Joseph Jefferson perform in Rip Van Winkle by Washington Irving, and in the expensive box, surrounded by people of means; Carrie's mind is filled with such thoughts that Hurstwood is the stronger and higher. The acquaintance with Hurstwood and the further development in their relationship will guarantee Carrie a safer need for survival both physiologically and socially. Since Carrie is such a person motivated bydesire, she will of course shift her attention from Drouet to Hurstwood who will bring her more luxurious pleasure and enjoyment.C. The Pursuit of Self-ActualizationIn the story, From Chicago to New York, Carrie Meeber's life undergoes some changes. She is married to Hurstwood under the new name of Wheeler and settles down in a common flat in New York City. In Maslow's motivational hierarchy, he believes that most people are blocked from progressing smoothly up this need ladder. Some people have to spend their entire lives working very hard just to satisfy the lower-level deficiency needs, while others never succeed in achieving the belongingness and love that they desire from others. Even people who have reached the higher levels can quickly tumble back down the hierarchy if circumstances change and their lower-level needs are no longer being met.We can identify that in the case of Hurstwood, he just belongs to the third kind of people who can no longer retain his original fame and position once the situation changes. But for Carrie, it is quite the different case. She is an adaptable lady, making herself suit the situation soon. Besides, she is sensitive and often has her own opinions. Observing that Hurstwood has always been wearing the same dress and careful with the money, such a change is too obvious to escape Carrie's detection. Carrie still loves Hurstwood but only has a little satisfaction because she no longer can spend money on anything she likes, she can not go with her lover to wherever they used to. Hurstwood is no longer respected and honored as he was in Chicago. That means several needs are deprived of her“need hierarchy”, which makes her uneasy and disappointed. Her innate desire for material things is hard to satisfy, which causes her displeasure.Carrie Meeber had lived in her private life and never compared with those who enjoy a higher social status and life standard, Carrie's desire for "more" might be suppressed and not to be evoked. But Carrie is not born to be a person like this. She hopes to socialize, get acquainted with others, thus the outside world excellences hold an irresistible force on her.As a matter of fact Carrie Meeber tries every means to avail herself of getting in touch with Mrs. Vance. ---her neighbor, who is not only refined in her manner, but also can play the piano fairly well. Frequent exposure to the refinement and delicate manners displayed by those rich ladies like Mrs. Vance makes Carrie pick up these behaviors quickly and the dissatisfaction with her state increases as time passes by. This point is best illustrated by a visit to the theatre to which Carrie is invited by the Vance’s. Together with them are Mrs. Vance's cousin Ames. In the street, which they are following, coaches are numerous, pedestrians are many and streetcars are crowded. Pitiful is Carrie that she has never had the chance to be taken to a theatre dining-hall ever since they move to New York. Hurstwood's modified state could not permit his bringing her to places like this. She is by now totally overwhelmed by the splendid scene that wealth can bring, her strong desire is aroused and she sees the tokens of property and richness which are the true embodiment of self-actualization.In the story another balancing power on Carrie Meeber comes from Mrs. Vance's cousin, Mr. Ames. During the dinner, they talk about the way rich people indulge in showing off. Ames' words come to Carrie as a shock. “I shouldn't care to be rich, not rich enough to spend my money this way.”And “What good would it do? A man doesn't need this sort of thing t o be happy.” Even though Carrie thought of his words doubtfully, she believed they had weight with her because the word came from him. Although Carrie has such a short contact and exchanges few words with this young gentleman, she is greatly impressed by his words and manners. His ideology seems reasonable, noble, far above the reach of those showy rich people. This is an invisible influence upon Carrie's heart that she might be thinking as to what is the real meaning of success at the end of the novel. After seeing the play, Carrie asks Ames his opinion about being an actor. Ames gives her affirmation that to be a good one, the theatre is a great thing. Ames' little approval sets Carrie's heart bounding.In her conscious mind, Carrie is clear that she couldn't develop any close relationship with this young man, but unconsciously she feels attracted by him. After all, Ames' objective comment on being a good actor sets the tone for Carrie's later achievement in stage. His ideals burn in Carrie's heart. Though they have met justonce or twice, he could have had such strong impression on her, which can guide Carrie in her future development----self-actualization.Carrie Meeber is successful in her later career, after her success of being an actress, she is deeply absorbed in the profession she is engaged in the showy world in which her interest lies completely absorbs her. She now turns her material desire to her yearning for celebrity and reputation, which is of course at the top part of her need hierarchy as far as Carrie is concerned. As time goes by, Carrie has been evoked the even stronger desire to realize herself-fulfillment. In Ames's eyes, this should mean the full development of leer natural talent to enable her success in serious plays, but to Carrie Meeber her understanding is her stronger desires will be met---another meaning of self-actualization. So sitting in her rocking chair, Carrie couldn't help. Remembering the past and what she really wants in life. Chicago, New York; Drouet, Hurstwood; the world of fashion and the world of stage-these are just incidents. Not them, but that which they represent, she longs for.Carrie Meeber is always wanting for more, she has made great success, but she is still lonely and dissatisfied. It was forever to be the pursuit of that radiance of delight, which tints the distant hilltops of the world. So do we see Carrie feels happiness even though she is successful in her profession? Hardly. Her addiction to even greater fame and thus even more desires will keep her from being satisfied with life and become a tremendous force to pursue her next great goal or desire. "Wanting more, Carrie goes on living, dreaming of happiness that, fortunately perhaps, she will never know.”Chapter 3 Theodore Dreiser’s Moral and Naturalistic IdeasWith the publication of Sister Carrie, Theodore Dreiser was launching himself upon a long career that would ultimately make him one of the most significant American writers of the school later known as literary naturalism, in fact he is one of the representative writers of American naturalism, Theodore Dreiser’s style has been a point of heated discussion. The consensus that has been reached so far seems to bethat, although Theodore Dreiser’s novels are formless at times and awkwardly written, and his characterization is found deficient and his prose pedestrian is dull, yet his every energy proves to be more than compensation. Dreiser’s stories are always solid and intensely interesting with their simple but highly moving characters. Theodore Dreiser is good at employing the journalistic method of reiteration to burn a central impression into the reader’s mind. His interest in painting is reflected in his taste for word-pictures, sharp contrast, and truth in color, and movement in outline. The pessimistic and deterministic ideas of American naturalism are clearly showed in Dreiser’s works as he is one of the representative writers of this school.Theodore Dreiser is half socialist and half cosmological pessimist, he was left-oriented in his views. The first chapter of Sister Carrie almost parodies this stock figure. Carrie does not have a thought for her hometown and feels no nostalgia for it or for her family, even when circumstances are hardest for her in Chicago. No wealthy, handsome young man crosses her path. Her "savior" is a drummer, who has no intention of marrying her and whom she will discard with scarcely an afterthought. Carrie becomes a kept woman, but neither she nor Dreiser makes a fuss about it. She will rise through luck, cunning, and an almost total lack of scruples. In the traditional popular fiction of the time, she should be driven to dishonor, prostitution, or suicide. Interestingly, the perhaps in order to make sure that his readers got his point, Dreiser contrasts Carrie with a character that is her exact counterpoint: Minnie, her sister, is virtuous, hard-working, and married. She is not rewarded in the least. Marriage has simply led her into a life of poverty and drab monotony, and Dreiser gives no hint that there is the slightest chance that Minnie's lot might improve some day. Carrie does revive in the American Dream and in the values offered by American society at the end of the nineteenth century: comfort, opulence, status, and security. He would agree with Dreiser who once wrote in one of his pulp migraines that success is what counts in the world, and it is little matter how success is won. This lonely, tossing, thoughtless sea in which Carrie is swimming as she concludes her entrance into Chicago is Dreiser's metaphor for what the German sociologist "George Simmel"⑥identified shortly after the publication of Sister Carrie as "the mental life of themetropolis," which, Simmel might have been describing the state in which Carrie repeatedly finds herself through the rest of her urban career, during the course of which her mood shifts again and again between exhilaration and confusion. The overture to that career, full of the swift and continuous shift of external stimuli so familiar to her and other Chicagoans, is her journey into the city on the train.But while debunking the myths of popular fiction, Dreiser does not extol a sort of immoral cynicism, a total law of the jungle. The morality of Carrie is rather a peculiar sort of amorality, a moral innocence that does not make her guilty of any sin. Dreiser may therefore be viewed as a writer who has no moral preconceptions and who confronts life, in particular life in the American city, for what it is. He explains the insignificance of life and attacks the conventional moral standards. Not only does he look it in the face, but he also refuses to condemn. There is no denying that Dreiser evinced an honesty to his material and to what he knew about life that few, if any, of his predecessors or contemporaries had. Nor does he waste time regretting that life is not what it should or could be; he was not interested in ideals, only in reality as he saw it. But Dreiser stopped at that: he knew how brutal society could be and gives plenty of evidence in Sister Carrie that it is, yet nowhere does he lament the situation or show any interest whatever in political or social reform. Nor is it his intention to move the reader in that direction. The Chicago sweatshops and the strike incident are cases in point. They are described in detail, but Dreiser does not take sides, presenting the worker's and the management's points of view neutrally. Describing the strike, he simply gives us a picture of conditions; he does not explore the problem of social justice or the social and political implications. The sweatshops and the strike are episodes in Carrie's and Hurstwood's lives, nothing more. But the reader feels uninvolved because Dreiser doe snot manages to enlarge his vistas to encompass a more human view of social phenomena. The novel has two stories that counterpoint each other nicely: Carrie's rise and her lover is a study of the mechanical process of unrelated to morality as a chemical experiment. But inscrutable laws, some fall, some rise. Success and failure are both aspects of a morally process.。
(英语论文)嘉莉妹妹解读(英文)
A BRIEF ANALYSIS OF SISITER CARRIE《嘉莉妹妹》解读June, 2007Xiaogan UniversityAbstractSister Carrie tells the story of a small country girl Carrie who moves to Chicago to realize her “American Dream”and eventually becomes a Broadway star in New York. Despite living a luxurious life, she is lost in sprit. Reading the novel, we may easily notice Carrie’different needs and desires arising gradually and also the betrayal of traditional moral code in the process of pursuing material gain. The paper analyzes the reasons why Carrie has various needs at different stages of life, mainly based on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. One is Carrie’s inner desires; the other is the outside force, including temptations of environment, cities, etc. The interaction between them makes Carrie lose herself eventually. It seems to tell people that in modern society material supplies more and more abundantly, but we should never pursue it blindly and much importance should be attached to happiness and stability created by spirit. It is essential to ponder the significance and the value of life.Key words: Sister Carrie; desire; lost; hierarchy of needs从马斯洛层次需要理论重新解读《嘉莉妹妹》摘要《嘉莉妹妹》讲述一位农村女孩嘉莉不甘贫穷来到芝加哥实现自己的“美国梦”，最终成为纽约百老汇一位著名的演员，享受奢华的物质却陷入精神迷失的故事。
论文《嘉莉妹妹》中文版
迷失在欲望中———《嘉莉妹妹》中的欲望解析摘要: 《嘉莉妹妹》是德莱塞的杰出代表作之一, 作品深刻地反映了当时的美国现实。
嘉莉对物的欲望, 赫斯特伍德对权力的欲望, 杜洛埃对性的欲望, 三位主公全都迷失在欲望中。
关键词: 德莱赛; 嘉莉; 欲望; 迷失西奥多·德莱塞( Theodore Herman AlberDreiser, 187118127—1945112128) 是20 世纪美国著名的现实主义作家。
他的小说形象生动地刻画了19世纪末, 20世纪初资本主义迅速发展中的美国现实社会。
在美国文学史上他第一次广泛真实地描写了美国多阶层的社会生活, 为美国现实主义文学开辟了新领域。
《嘉莉妹妹》是德莱塞第一部长名作, 揭露了当时的社会现实, 展现了在物欲横流的资本主义社会里, 人们迷失在自己的欲望中,展现了美国生活中没有上帝的一面”。
故事讲述的是嘉罗琳·米蓓(嘉莉妹妹) , 一个俊俏的农村姑娘, 她羡慕大都市的物质生活来到了芝加哥谋生。
严酷的现实破碎了她的美梦, 迎接她的是失业和疾病。
在走投无路时, 她做了推销员杜洛埃的情妇, 后来由于更大的欲望又做了酒店经理赫斯特伍德的情妇。
与赫斯特伍德私奔后, 在纽约由于偶然的机会她成了走红一时的演员, 挤上了上流社会,实现了她的梦想。
并抛弃了逐渐贫困的赫斯特伍德, 以不自觉的残忍将他推上了绝望之路。
然而,所谓的“上流社会生活”又给她带来了什么呢?她感到空虚, 找不到真正生活的意义, 在寂寞和凄凉中, 她坐在摇椅里梦想着那终不可得的幸福。
一、嘉莉的欲望———对物的欲望在小说中, 嘉莉的欲望是作者着重刻画的。
嘉莉本身就是一个充满欲望的人, 充满对物和金钱的欲望, 这一部分源于她的本性, “小时候, 她梦过童话里的宫殿和各种豪华气派的地方”。
嘉莉从哥伦比亚城来到芝加哥那一刻起就开始了对金钱的追求, 嘉莉在火车上看到杜洛埃的时髦打扮便意识到自己穿着寒酸, “突然间觉得自己像是穿了一身破烂儿。
（英语毕业论文）浅析《嘉莉妹妹》中新女性形象
（英语毕业论文）浅析《嘉莉妹妹》中新女性形象最新英语专业全英原创毕业论文，都是近期写作1 浅析《动物庄园》中极权主义形成的必然性2 浅析情景教学法对初中英语课堂教学的影响3 从杨必翻译的《名利场》看文学翻译中的归化与异化4 On the Sufferings of the Protagonists in Wilde’s Fairy Tales from the Aesthetic Perspective5 浅析艾米丽?迪金森诗歌的主题思想6 An Analysis of Symbols in Young Goodman Brown7 Cultural Connotation of Color Words in Chinese and Western Culture8 中英文名词性后缀的比较及其对翻译的启示9 《呼啸山庄》中的爱与复仇10 经典英文电影台词的文体分析11 分析《永别了，武器》中Henry的硬汉形象12 《睡谷的传说》中理想与现实的矛盾13 电视公益广告的多模态话语分析14 从《热爱生命》和《马丁?伊登》中透视杰克?伦敦心中对生命的执爱15 浅析英文商务信函的写作格式与文体风格16 Cultural Differences Between English and Chinese by Analyzing Brand Names17 A Comparison of the English Color Terms18 论《呼啸山庄》中希思克利夫的性格19 英汉新词形成因素研究20 翻译中的性别－－《简?爱》几个中译本的女性主义解读21 现实主义和唯美主义的水乳交融—评茨威格《一个陌生女人的来信》22 英汉死亡委婉语的文化差异及其分类对比23 An Analysis of Huckleberry Fi nn’s Personality24 论圣经诗篇的修辞特点25 《嘉莉妹妹》中嘉莉的欲望分析26 浅析《愤怒的葡萄》中主要人物的性格特征27 詹姆斯鲍德温《桑尼的布鲁士》中男主人公桑尼的自我救赎28 解析《爱玛》中女主人公的形象29 从苔丝和曼桢的角色分析中西文化下女性的抗争30 福克纳《我弥留之际》中达尔形象解析31 英语委婉语的表达模式和应用32 A Comparison of the English Color Terms33 英语委婉语及其翻译34 《人性的污点》中主要人物的悲剧命运与社会原因的分析35 从功能对等和文化语境差异角度看商务英语翻译技巧36 小学英语学习策略及研究37 The Loss and Gain in Classical Chinese Poetry Translation38 《外星人》电影海报的多模态话语解析39 A Research of Translation of English Songs into Chinese by Poetic Norms40 论凯瑟琳?曼斯菲尔德短篇小说中的爱情观41 《看不见的人》中的“暗与明”意象探究42 广告中反语现象的关联分析43 《周六夜现场》的幽默剖析44 从《麦琪的礼物》分析欧·亨利的内心世界45 从《哈利波特与火焰杯》看文学翻译中的文化冲突46 A Comparison of the English Color Terms47 从文化角度探析中英基本颜色词的比较和翻译48 探析王尔德童话中的死亡主题49 Miss Havisham: an Imprisoned Woman in Great Expectations50 An Analysis of the Cultural Identity in Amy Tan’s The JoyLuck Club51 华兹华斯诗歌的和谐观52 法国大革命对《西风颂》创作的影响53 英汉习语对比研究及其对高中英语教学的启示54 Cultural Differences Between English and Chinese by Analyzing Brand Names55 论《简爱》中的疯女人56 《宠儿》中塞丝的性格特征分析57 美国英语新词汇特点58 A Comparison of Western and Eastern Privacy Concepts59 从美学角度浅析许渊冲《汉英对照唐诗三首》——“意音形”三美论60 环保宣传语翻译中的文化介入61 从电影《七宗罪》看‘七宗罪’与基督教传统的关系62 英汉委婉语比较研究63 论概念隐喻视角下的隐喻翻译64 海明威《雨中猫》的文体分析65 关于英语口语纠错的研究与建议66 英语电影片名的汉译要求及赏析67 基督教文化对《哈姆莱特》创作的影响68 关于高中生英语听力理解中非语言因素的研究69 《儿子与情人》中扭曲的爱70 (英语系经贸英语)贸易壁垒下中国企业跨国经营的突破之路—以华为为例71 论初中生英语学习资源策略培养72 《了不起的盖茨比》中象征主义的研究73 从《人与鼠》看斯坦贝克艺术风格74 初中英语教学中的角色扮演75 The Alternation of Language: A Study of Microblogging V ocabulary76 永不凋落的玫瑰—从女性主义分析《红字》中的海斯特77 海明威的“冰山原则”与其短篇小说的人物对话78 小学英语教学中的体态语应用79 A Study on Narrative Techniques in A Rose for Emily80 论英语演讲开场的决定性因素和相关策略81 从心理语言学的角度探讨消极情绪的语言表达82 《小妇人》中教养方式的分析83 浅谈罗密欧与朱丽叶的爱情悲剧84 论圣经诗篇的修辞特点85 从主述位理论看奥巴马就职演讲的连贯性86 如何有效地扩展大学生英语词汇87 Text Memorization and English Learning88 Gone with the Wind: From Novel to Film89 从《无名的裘德》看哈代的现代性意识90 广告中的熟语模因探析91 功能目的论视角下的仿拟翻译的应用分析92 浅析《不存在的人》中主人公的觉醒93 法语给英语带来的影响94 英语习语非稳定性结构特征研究95 从《牧师的黑面纱》看霍桑矛盾的宗教情结96 论《麦田里的守望者》中的佛教禅宗因素97 论环境和社会制度对人的行为和品格的影响——以《雾都孤儿》中南希的形象分析为例98 《暮色》两中译本中文化缺省重构的对比研究99 商务英语翻译中的隐喻研究100 中西校园流行语的文化对比101 试比较中美中学历史教育中历史思维的培养102 A Comparative Study of Cultural Connotations of Yellow and Huang in English and Chinese 103 论《一个小时的故事》中马拉德夫人女性意识的觉醒104 论《野性的呼唤》中的自然主义105 威廉?麦克佩斯?萨克雷《名利场》的道德研究106 从礼貌原则分析美国总统就职演说辞的语用特色107 中西思维方式差异对跨文化交际的影响108 Analysis of Cross Cultural Business Communication Failure109 论个人主义对美国英雄电影的影响110 从《印度之行》看福斯特的人文主义思想观111 The Victims of Upper Class: A Comparative Study on the Two Heroes of The Great Gatsby and Tender Is the Night 112 谈商务英语信函的语言特点及其翻译113 凯瑟琳与苔丝悲剧命运的比较114 不同英汉颜色词的象征意义及其翻译115 从公示语的语言特色谈其翻译116 情感教学在初中英语课堂中的理论和实践117 对美国个人主义和中国集体主义的一些讨论118 跨文化交际中的社交语用失误及其对英语教学的启示119 华兹华斯和弗罗斯特自然观的比较120 英语形容词的翻译121 中西方饮食文化对比122 从传统节日庆祝方式的角度比较中英文化差异123 浅谈中西体态语的差异124 A Study on Chinglish of EFL Learners in Junior High Schools in China125 论修辞格在英语广告中的运用126 《女勇士》中的文化冲突与文化融合127 中美面子观比较及其对商务谈判策略的启示128 《杀死一只知更鸟》中主人公的成长危机129 小说《鸡蛋的胜利》中扭曲的“美国梦”130 王尔德童话《快乐王子》中的对比艺术131 女性形象下的女权主义思想——浅析汤亭亭小说《女勇士》132 The Pursuit and Disillusionment of the American Dream—On Martin Eden133 《了不起的盖茨比》中两个女主人公的道德沦丧的探析134 归化和异化在影片名翻译中的应用135 关于《白鲸》中的象征主义手法运用的研究与探讨136 论如何提高初中英语课堂教学效率137 《飘》中斯佳丽的性格特征解读138 埃德加·爱伦·坡幽默小说研究139 《荆棘鸟》的女性主义解读140 《还乡》中游苔莎的悲剧命运分析141 中西面子观的比较研究142 《苏菲的选择》中的人性分析143 Grammatical Analysis of Academic Writing144 从《麦琪的礼物》看欧亨利留给世人的礼物145 分析阿加莎克里斯蒂在其侦探小说《阳光下的罪恶》中的写作手法146 解析《喧哗与骚动》中凯蒂悲剧的必然性147 A Study of Chinglish as Found in Students’ Writings148 论中西婚姻观的差异149 女性社会价值的深情呼唤—小说《到灯塔去》中拉姆齐夫人和莉丽人物形象的对比研究150 A Study on Fuzziness of Advertising Language151 跨文化交际中英语副语言的表现和交际功能152 美国俚语的文化及特征153 多媒体英语教学的优势与劣势154 论口译的原则与技巧155 An Analysis of the Feminism in The Scarlet Letter156 鼓励性教学方法在中学英语教学中的应用157 浅谈来自《圣经》的英语习语158 委婉语的适用性原则和策略159 浅谈中西婚俗的文化差异160 The Joy Luck Club－A Bittersweet Picture of Chinese-Americans across Two Generations 161 狄更斯小说《远大前程》中的批判现实主义特点解读162 从跨文化角度论商标的翻译163 中西商务谈判中的跨文化因素研究164 浅析《双城记》中的牺牲精神165 英国议会制辩论－－探究与实践166 探析《蝴蝶梦》中的悬念写作手法167 从心理学角度看哈克贝利.费恩的性格168 影响中学生英语学习的心理因素分析169 商务英语口译能力的培养与对策170 中美企业文化研究171 论《宠儿》中的象征意象172 中西礼貌用语的语用对比研究173 American Individualism and Its Reflection in the Film Erin Brockovich174 主位推进模式在语篇翻译中的应用175 从功能对等论看中餐菜单的英译176 On the Translation of Communicative Rhetoric in Literature—Analysis of the two Chinese versions of Jane Eyre 177 中西跨文化交际中的礼貌问题之比较分析178 从女性主义角度浅析《诺桑觉寺》179 初中英语课堂教师话语分析180 分析《等待》的悲剧181 中英征婚广告对比分析研究182 英语会话中间接拒绝语的语用研究183 On the Feminist Consciousness Reflected in Pride and Prejudice184 论《卡斯特桥市长》的现实意义185 英语环境的营造对中学生英语学习的影响186 A Study of Beauty in Sound, Form and Meaning Displayed in Zhang Peiji’s Prose Translation 187 关于中国文化教学的文献综述188 英文商务索赔信的人际意义功能分析189 Advertising and Its Application190 商务英语翻译中的跨文化因素191 尼斯湖和西湖—中西方旅游性格差异研究192 解读《小镇畸人》中三位畸形女性193 浅析《还乡》中游苔莎的悲剧根源194 论《白鲸》主角的悲剧实质195 The Tragic Fate of Tess196 从《卡斯特桥市长》看哈代作品中的宿命论色彩197 英汉文化差异对英语俚语汉译的影响198 广告英语修辞特点及其翻译199 撒旦和孙悟空的形象和文化内涵对比200 从中美数字谚语看中美文化的差异。
《嘉莉妹妹》：自由女性的勇气与困境
《嘉莉妹妹》：自由女性的勇气与困境1. 引言1.1 概述：嘉莉妹妹是一位充满勇气和坚持的自由女性形象，她以其敢于追求自主权和平等的积极行动而深受读者喜爱。
在她的背后，有着一个充满挑战和困境的现实社会。
本文将探讨嘉莉妹妹所面临的社会压力和困境，并分析她所展现的勇气与坚持。
1.2 文章结构：本文分为五个主题来探讨嘉莉妹妹的形象、困境以及她所展示出来的勇气与坚持。
引言部分将简要介绍文章观点，并概述文章结构。
1.3 目的：本文旨在通过揭示嘉莉妹妹作为自由女性形象所面临的困境和挑战，探讨女性在当代社会中仍然存在的不平等问题。
我们将评估并赞赏嘉莉对抗这些问题所展现出来的勇气，并展望女性在未来可能面临的发展前景。
请记住，政策、约定或实践可能已经发生变化，本文的观点和结论仅基于作者对嘉莉妹妹形象的解读。
2. 主题一: 嘉莉妹妹的自由女性形象2.1 嘉莉妹妹的背景和故事情节：嘉莉妹妹是一位年轻有志向的女性，在故事中展现出强烈的个人主义精神和追求自由的意愿。
她来自一个传统保守的家庭，但她渴望走出自己的舒适区，寻找属于自己的道路。
通过离开乡村生活到城市寻求个人发展，她成为了一个独立思考并勇于追求梦想的年轻女性。
2.2 嘉莉妹妹对传统女性角色的抗拒与突破：在以男权社会为主导的环境中，传统女性通常被期望扮演被动、从属和顺从的角色。
然而，嘉莉妹妹对这种约束不满，并努力突破传统角色模式。
她没有接受作为女性在社会中被限制和贬低的命运，而是选择追求知识、独立、职业发展和个人成就。
2.3 嘉莉妹妹所面临的社会困境和挑战：嘉莉妹妹在追求自由女性形象过程中遇到了许多困境和挑战。
社会对于独立女性的偏见和歧视使她经常面临质疑、嘲笑和不公正对待。
传统观念中根深蒂固的性别角色刻板印象也给她的自由发展设下了障碍。
此外，家庭及亲朋好友的期望与限制也对她的选择产生了阻碍。
以上就是文章“2. 主题一: 嘉莉妹妹的自由女性形象”部分的内容，描述了嘉莉妹妹作为一个反传统女性角色的背景和故事情节，以及她对传统角色模式抗拒并努力突破的态度。
毕业论文提纲之嘉莉妹妹
论文题目 A Study of Sister Carrie提纲（一）摘要引出论述的必要性及各部分所要论述的核心内容。
在传统与现代碰撞之下，道德问题日益成为人们关注的对象，而女性形象问题更是首当其冲，嘉莉，一个十八岁的姑娘离开家庭，有两种遭遇，必得其一，或者是，有好人相助而好起来，或者是，很快的染上了大都市的恶习而堕落下去。
在这样的环境里，不好不坏，是不可能的。
但是不能只为了物质而放弃心理的充实，放弃幸福，因此，树立正确的人生观是首要的。
关键字：女性，环境，诱惑，幸福，人生观。
（二）内部结构第一章介绍1.1小说作者及其写作风格1.2当时美国社会环境第二章嘉莉妹妹中主要的写作特色2.1自然主义2.2象征手法2.2.1摇椅的象征2.2.2衣服的象征2.3反讽手法第三章小说主人公的命运分析3.1嘉莉的命运3.1.1生活环境的变化3.1.2心理的变化3.2赫斯沃的命运3.2.1生活环境的变化3.2.2心理的变化3.3嘉莉与赫斯沃命运的对比第四章嘉莉美国梦的幻灭4.1物质方面美国梦的破灭4.2精神方面美国梦的破灭4.2.1嘉莉是杜洛埃的玩物4.2.2嘉莉是赫斯特伍德的玩物第五章嘉莉美国梦破灭的原因5.1嘉莉的被动性5.2嘉莉对物质的贪欲5.3作为他者的地位5.3.1找工作的经历5.3.2观众来剧院的目的（三）结语从以上分析我们可以得出这样一个结论，享受物质生活的嘉莉为什么不幸福呢？任何一个在城市生活的人，都想过富裕的生活，有房，有车，有存款。
为什么得到这些条件的嘉莉不幸福呢？其实她刚到芝加哥，在火车上的时候对现在这样的生活非常执着得向往着，真正得到的今天，却不幸福，感到孤单？为什么？到底生活最终目标应该是什么，才能让人真正感到幸福呢？其实追求高品位、高标准的生活永远都不会错。
物质生活的追求是需要，但不是最终目标，人应该过有意义的生活，有推心置腹的朋友，有一个温馨的家，有自己的责任和义务，这样的生活才是幸福的。
论文SisterCarrie
Lost in Materialism--Sister CarrierAbstractSister Carrier is the first work of Theodre Dreiser .It tells us how a country maiden becomes a fomous star in Broadway. In the novel Theodre Dreiser describes the living condition and emotion changes of carrier very vividely .the novel takes true realism as its distinctive feature ,reflects the tragic fact that people pursure American Dream fanatically in the early twentieth century .This paper exposes the theme of intinct which drives people to enjoy but disillusion finally and illustrates that it's impossible to possess true happiness in a money-orineted capitalism society.Key W ords, Money-orineted capitalism society, Consumpolism ,Disllusinment ,Tragedy摘要<<嘉莉妹妹>>是美国自然主义小说家德莱塞的第一部作品.小说讲述了一个农村少女从社会底层登上百老汇红舞星宝座的全过程,小说中德莱塞清晰的描述了嘉莉妹妹的生活状况和心理发展历程.女主人公的特点就是现实.该部小说反映了人们再0世纪初期因追求美国梦而产生的悲剧,该论文主要是揭示人们在追求享受的本质但最终幻灭的原因,也说明了在拜金主义风尚加剧的资本主义社会追求真正的幸福是不可能的,阐述嘉莉妹妹悲剧产生的必然性.关键词拜金主义的资本主义社会,消费主义,幻灭,嘉莉妹妹,悲剧Contents Abstract (1)中文摘要 (2)Contents (3)Introduction (4)Chapter 1 Writer's aim to write the novel (5)Chapter 2 Backgrond of the novel2.1. Money-oriented capitalism society (6)2.2.Consumpolism (7)2.3.American Dream (8)chapter 3 Comblination of sister carrier to the society3.1.characters of sister carrier (10)3.2.the lot she would faced whitout these characters (11)3.3.the necessity of her tragedy in that society (12)Conclusion (14)Biblography............................................................................Introduction1.1.ContextSister Carrier describes how a country maiden becomes a famous star in Broadway .when she first trod on Chicago,she was deeply impressed by the colourful world .As an uneducated country girl ,if she want to be success ,she have to rely on something inmoral.In fact ,she didn't intend to ,but she did it through two men who could help her to meet her desire to some material .Dreweh spend money for her ,take her out to play .But when she saw a lot of villa ,private cars ,wide private glasses and luxurious.All these things kindle the light of desire .Then she acknowledge Hurstwood who could give her more ,but when she find him is useless to her ,she dispised him.At last ,she made a success but shi is doomed to be vanity and lonely.she is a typical example of the capitalism society.1.2.The significance of the studySister Carrier is one of the best novels of Theodre Dresier.He want to reveal the nature of capitalism society at the turn of 19th and 20th century industral booms on the one hand enabled people an enormous material enjoyment of life ,on the other hand eroded the spirtual and emotional life of every individual .Anyone is fancy for seeking American Dream at last turned to be a tragedy.It illustrates that it's impossible to possess happiness in a money-oriented capitalism society.1.3.Shape of the paperThis paper will be consisted in five chapters.Chapter one is introduction part what intiated with the main content of the novel and the significance of the study.Chapte two is mainly discussed the background of the novel ,let readers understand clear about the novel .chapter three is mainly talked about the writting aim of the writer ,let us read the novel with a purpose .Chapter four is mainly discussed the necessity of her tragedy in that kind of socity .Chapter five is a conclusin part that make a conclusion to the paper.Chapter One Writting's aimWe all know that literature can reflect the social problems ,present life.It's existence as a mirror of social life .Tt can fonction well to the development of society because when readers have read the book try to find the general idea and central idea.Then people can meditate on it ,do some responde to it .That is :started with finding problem ,then anaylise it,end with solving the problem.So a literature can promate the development of society.As one of American literature naturalists.Theodore Dresier try to describre the real social life under the rapidly development of capitalism in the end of 19th century and the early 20th century.The heroine of the novel is typical image in the history of american literature becaues of the thick air of life and times .Dresier try to let us know the nature of capitalism society .It's money-orineted .The most important thing is to pursure material and money to pursuit the living condition better and better but ignore the spirtual or emotion of individual.He tries to reveal the relationship between human beings are all based on the utiliartism .All the acting aims to meet the desire of individual .Be hind the flourish of capitalism is employment ,poverty and huangry .First let us read the below words come from the novel:when a girl leaves her home at eighteen,she dose one of two things.Either she falls into saving hards and becomes better or she rapidly assumes the consumpolitan standard of virture and becomes worse.Of an intermediate balance under the circumstances,there is no possibality .The city has its the cunning wiles ,no less than the infintly smaller and more human tempter.There are large forces which allure with all the soulfulness of expression possible in the most cultured human .The gleam of a thousand lights is often as effective as the persuasive light in a wrong and fascinating eye.Half the undoing of un sophisticated and nature mind is accomplished by forus wholly superhuman .A blare of sound ,a roar of life ,a vast array of human lives ,appeal to the astonished senses in equivocal terms ,without a consellor at hand to whisper cautious interpretations without falsehoods may not these things breath into the unguarded ear!Unrecongnised for what they are ,their beauty ,like music ,too ofenrelaxes then weekens, then pervers the simpler human perceptions.Clearly ,we can see the attitudes of writer's to capitalism society.It's full o fcheats ,lust .inmoral ,glory,tempter,passion and material ,cunning wileS.But why?Chapter Two Background of the NovelTheodore Dresier lived at the turn of 19th and 20th century when the doctriness of the consumptionism and hedonism wre gaining momentum ,when industral booms enabled people an enormous enjoyment in life.2.1.Money-orineted capitalism societyAt that time .The whole society was stifled with avid material acquisition and morbid worship of money and fortune. The personnel spirtual were disrupted and endangered ,The principal of capitalist value is everyone's mind.After the cicil war from 1860 to 1865.American's industial and buisiness wre developed rapidely .America is shifted from the paterol contry to a industral country .From 1860 to 1900.It's population have surged to 2600 million from 3100 million .And the population is centred into the city from rural area to the city .Less than 10 years .towns is developed the biger city.Among them .Chicago is most attractive.Population has developed to 300 million in 1970 from the the 350 persons in 1832.In 1880.It has passed 500 million .We are deeply surprised to the development speed.The big industrial is just sprung up ,then be merged by a bigger one.Under the control of finincal capitalist minority rich men is richer through oppress the poor,that enlarge the distance of poor and rich,the fundmental structure is far from meet in the demmand of the immigrant just as the description in the novel .The sound of the hammer engaged upon established erection of new structures was heard everywhere heard.About the monoply capitalism ,Weighbe have said:"Fancy to seeking the heaven of god is transfered to reasonable thinking about economy,the root of religious is drained to death gradually ,Tt's replaced by utilitarin in second.""Product to people's life is turned to be an unimaginable force".That is to say "money-orineted phenomonea is inevitable.It's regarde as a typical character of capitalism ,ie:people blinding the product that produced by themselves .2.2.ConsumpolismSister carrier is one victim of the society .With the development of industralition .peoples tende toreason and utilira.Money and interest has been the standered of personnel relatioship .The childish smiles is disappeared in the sound of money .They just seeking the material enjoyment but without spirtual. So form the unperfect characterIn th esociety of goods ,people was completely to be consummer.So conusming i turned to be the single goal and great happiness in our life,even as the smoking alcohol,cocain make us indicting .Middle-class family purchase the frige,washing-machine and telephone.men at this time wear waistwatch and smoke cigar,women purchase masquer and fashion closes.Advetise producer promate the development of consuming.They regard themselves as agent of Amercian ecomonical booming.They advertise for products and enrich the production with charming and influence.(current715).Product and advertise video have taught the consumer how to definite their needs and life style according to the product market(Parenti 65).In a large degree,people's imagination is influenced by the advertisment and meia.The excellent exemple to illustrate the consumer tide is that American people'sattitude to the car is almost crazy .The car is not only a tool of transportation but also products first attracit the people in the whole nation.With the deeply development of American economy ,the cosumolism is occured.At that society ,consuming is regarded as the symbol of social place.The more one can consune,the more higher placeof the society one posesse.That is to say,social membership is dispensable whith this posess of products and monely.The different product repressent the different symbole and style of social membership.2.3 American DreamThe sucess of the novel is that lower-class person how to try to get rid of poverty but finnely disillument of dream in the competive society.It's kind of disllusin after sucess.As rural maiden,her educationreceived is limit.She always at a loss when she come into chicago .she didin't know how to start and how to change the present situation ,just push into the city full of material and lust with a simply dream .She envies to material enjoyment and dream unpractically.In fact,her dream represent other youth's dream in America.It's kind of reasonable.A fter coming chicago ,Carrie lost gradually in the materialiam.The worlf ,the city,mechaine product and property have the unimaginable force that have qualify and power to make a choice for human beings.The real life in the city(lower incomm),the proude of the rich(the rich woman with pearl and diammand promoter her and dispised her),the lust of the material (the fashion clothes stimulated the desire of her heart .All these made her at a loss accompanging with envy ,but such king of innocent girl just fall down the sea of materia.Her traged is doomed.She is alone in the sea so she tries to catch something survive.The well-plosed man Drewhetis the thing that she can catched.To meet the needs of clothes and bijoux,the senses of security,she catched him.Though she hesitated about it sometimes but money is favourable and flare.The desire to money have owerwhelmed by the lust and mony.Ehen the need of innerself is contracdited with outside .she submissed to the dark aspect of her heart.selfish,vanity,every and desire of enjotment.In the novel ,we can see a life picture that needs upgrade and meet the more desire of heart .when she lived with Dreweh,she needn't to worry about food.she's deeply influenced by the materalism in any time .Seeking more to meet the needs of personnel phuysical and spirture is her aim.She exposed her more desire and fancy .To achieve goal ,she could take any means,even her body.Tt's a dreadful desire.She cant't hear the voice of conscience.Everytime she was blaned by the conscinence,she always could find some excuse to respond to it.All the evident have showed that the envy to material is over the constration of moral .With the change of situation ,the darkness in her heart exposed more and more .She turns to husterwood not only because of money but also the style of character.It's lure of soul ,sheneeds happy and want to get higher place in society.So she needs this kind of men 's love ,she wangt to be recognised.With the hope,her desire is more and more.Her desire turned into personnel value.,a higher point. She seeks the art ,want to bre a perfect actress to be repecter and be recognised by others. Only in this way ,her spirit desire can be satisifed .Now ,she knows how to dig the potention of hersel and make her dream come true.but the hope is higher and higher.Even though she get rid of the poverty and sussessin undertaking.But her spirit word is vanity because she never feeled satisfy.Chapter Three Combination of Carrie to the Society3.1. Characters of CarrieCaroline Meeber was innocent ,childish.her thought is simple ,just want to be a member of the capitalism .she is pretty .Of cause ,because of this pretty ,she could attrctive some men who could change her life.In fact,at beginning .she didn't want to rely on anybody,just want to depend on herself ,she need hand in the fees of accomdation to her sister ,so she have to loo k for a job .Completely labour job.After a serious sike in working preiod ,she was dismissed by the capitalist ,at last she submissed to the present situation ,enter into the arms of Drewheh.From that ,we can see she is easy to submission .her heart is weaving in the materalism .Maybe she could look for another job but she didn't.So she is afraid of failure and afraid of being beat down in such society .She chose depend on a man but ignore the moral standard.At first time ,Dreweh present her a job as an actress ,she is afraid of failure,but she didn't refused it when Drewehencourge her.It shows she want to be sucess and to be famous ,want to have a place in the society ,at this period ,her envy to sucess triumph over the afraid.It indicates she is beginning dissatisfied the present life and try to get rid of it.the job is a turn of her life.When she encounter hursterwood, she is attracted by his manner.It's the lure of the spirit and the flesh in pursuit .She dispos Dreweh effectually and forever.When Huresterwood talked to her "why don't you come away?I will arrange for you whatever?""Oh-don't",said Carrie.there was a look of confusion and pain in her face .She was wandering why that miserable thought must be brought in .She was struck as by a blade with a miserable provision which was outside the pale of marriage.But at last she really disposed Drewehwithout hesitation .we can see that her character strong .She still want to independent ,however,when she found this sort of independent is no way .She choose to dispose him .Her mind is gradually mature and blended with capitalism.She know what she want-the loveWhen the love turn to be useless to her ,she took the second choice--disposeHasterwood.So ,in fact ,she turns into selfish and utilitarilim .All what she does is just good for herself .She is a typical example of victim in materalism.3.2 the Lot She W ould Faced without these CharactersLet us just imagine what the lot she would faced if she is not easy to submission ,if she is brave to say no to the two men ,if she has no envy to the material ,if she dosen't want to be recognised by the society,if she isn't selfish or have the sympathy?First imagination:she took another job after dismissed and insisted in working there.Obsolutely ,she would still opresssed by the capitalists just like he sister.spend her daily life with inscensing labor work,no lust no lure no materalism ,no dream ,a completely simple county girl without any attraction .But the second job would not be long or steady because she could be encountered the same problem as the first job .Second imagination:If she refused the job as an actress,of caurse,she will not be a fomous star in Braodway.She will all the time stay stay the house that Dreweh offered,just purchuse as a conusmer,just live her life depend on Dreweh like a rich men's wife.But this kind of life is also not long .because Dreweh does not really love her.Third imagination:If she refused Hasterwood and still stay with Dreweh,maybe she would also become a famous star in Braodway but would not so fast,maybe she would not famous because Drewehwould disposed her at any time.If under the condition ,she have became famous,Dreweh can marry her,adn love her .She have no more desire ,of cause,her spirit would not so avanity.Fourth imagination:If she didn't disposed harestwood when he have stolen the money.In fact.Idont't think the two things have directly connection untill they really loved each other.then she would be happy .After her spirit has love.The finnal imagination:If she didn't come chicago at all ,of cause,she would not impressed by the material,the fashion clothes,the place of the society and money .she will never know the nature of capitalism,the tragedy of personnel relationship.3.3 the Necessity of Her TragedyMaybe someone don't think Carrie is a tragdy because of her success,but really,she is and it's inevitable.Her coming to chicago is pursuit American Dream,so her travel has an aim that she want to come true.Maybe she didn't know what exactly it is ,but she knows the dream is in Amreican .When she boarded the train for chicago .the threads which bound her so slightly to girlhood and home were broken.She is inexperienced to a big city .It's easy to tendered When she was yold one of prettiest little resorts in Wisconsin,lincol park,Michigon boulevard.grest buildings,theatres,and fine houses.Everything he described is fancy to her but her insignificancein the presence of so much magnificance faintly affected her.That implies she will catch every opportunities to be sucessed and be recognised by the city and will not be ignored.She looks for a lobor job because at that time ,she is still inncence.Her conscience is filled with her heart,but when she was attracted to be lived in enjoyment life without working,she subjected to it because her desire trumphor over her conscience.Then she entered into the sea of material without ceasing desire.Of course,it's the main cause of her tragedy.In that society,if you want to be recognised or get higher place,you shoud consume because the products you pueches reflect your place.The five imaginztion is absolutely not happened in that society.With the development of understanding the rule of life,only you can suited to society,you can survive.When she first be pressented to the job of actress,she will abouslotility received it.Everyone who have a dreamwil take any chance to make it true.Also she will disposed Dreweh on the one hand because she have an higher opportunity and prey,on the other hand,she have realised the nature of the connection.Dreweh is not really love her just toy her and Carrie also finds it's not the true love,so she gives up without hesiatation In the capitalism society ,the rate of develoment is so rapidely that your pace will never keep up with.Y ou have to run and run along the rode of development,but you never get it,never meet the desire.So she will never happy.At least when she find Hareterwood without money and place is useless to her,she desposed him.Clearly , the tragedy lies in inceasingpursuit higher an higher place or spirtual .At the end of the novel,it says:"she was now in an illustrion od ehe devious ways by which one who feels,rather than resons,maybe led in the pursuit of the beauty.Though ofen disillosined ,she was still watting for that halcy on day when she would be led forth among dreams become real.Ames had pointed out a further step,b ut on and on beyond that ,if accomplished,would lie others for her.It was forever to be the pursuit of that radiance of daylight which that the distance hilltops of the world.Blind strivings of the human heart .Onward,onward,it's wen the feet weary and hopes seems vain that heartchase and the longing arise,knows,then that for you is neither surfeit nor content.In your rocking-chair,by your window dreaming,shall you long alone.In your rockchair ,by your window,shall you dream such hapiness as you may never feel.ConclusionIn the money-oriented capitalism society ,the consumpolism sprung up.A country girl with the dream will never ba happy .It reveals the dark of capitalism and make us to pay more attantion to individual and spirtual of lower-class people insted of producing more and more product.Every desire needs a limit,or you will never satisifed.Biblography[1].Driser Theodre .Sister Carrie. Beijing. Foreign Trade and Economy. Publishing House .2002,12.[2].Lehan Richard.The City in literature:An Intellectual and Cultural History .University of California Press.1998[3].Parenti,Michael. Inventing Reality :The politics of the Mass Media New Y ork St.Martin's Press.Inc.1986.[4].Rosenberg Rosalind .Divided lives: American women in the Twentieth Century. New Y ork.Hill And Wang. 1992[5].Spindler,Michael.American Literature and Social Change--William Dean Howells to Arthur Miller.Hong Kong.Macmilan press Ltd.1983[6].德莱塞.《嘉莉妹妹》英语大学书虫世界文学名著翻译委员会.伊犁人民出版社, 柯文出版社2001，12[7].[法]鲍里得亚 .《消费社会》 .刘成福译.南京 .南京大学出版社[8].蒋道超 .德莱塞研究[M]. 上海.上海外语教育出版社2003[9].龙文佩.《德莱塞评论集》. 上海.上海译文出版社1993[10].马克斯韦伯《新教伦理与资本主义精神》. 三联书店1987[11].埃里希弗咯因《在幻想链锁的彼岸》长沙湖南人民出版社1986[12].虞建华. 20部美国小说名著评析[M].上海. 上海外语教育出版社1989[13].王刚华. 《嘉莉妹妹的欲望和驱动力》[J] 外国文学研究2002，3。
嘉莉妹妹论文
One Novel, One Era—The analysis of Sister Carrie Abstract:The famous American novelist Theodore Dreiser was regarded by most people as one of the founding fathers of American naturalist novels. His masterpiece Sister Carrie was also regarded as one of the representative works of naturalism, which displayed the great influence environment and social surrounding had on people. Under the encouragement of his family and friends, Dreiser began composing the novel in 1899. The novel was banned from publication for being morally corrupted. It was only in 1901 that it got published in London. In the novel, the author told us a story about an 18-year-old girl Carrie and her relationship with two men after she came to Chicago. This article is going to discuss the theme of Sister Carrie from the naturalist point of view. It will explicit the personal and time background of the author and at the same time point out naturalism in Sister Carrie from aspects such as the origin, development and main features of naturalism.Key words: Theodore Dreiser Sister Carrie Naturalism American dream1. Introduction1.1. The introduction of Sister CarrieThe famous American novelist Theodore Dreiser was regarded by most people as one of the founding fathers of American naturalist novels. His masterpiece Sister Carrie was also regarded as one of the representative works of naturalism, which displayed the great influence environment and social surrounding had on people. Under the encouragement of his family and friends, Dreiser began composing the novel in 1899. The novel was banned from publication for being morally corrupted. It was only in 1901 that it got published in London.1.2. The High prestige of Theodore DreiserTheodore Dreiser was born on August 27, 1871 in Terre Haute, Indiana. Part of a large German-American family, and the ninth of ten children, his childhood was marked by poverty. His father, John Paul, had previously been a cotton mill manager, but a series of unfortunate accidents caused his fortunes to dwindle. In 1864 the cotton mill burned down, and during the reconstruction John Paul was hit in the head with a beam. He never fully recovered and as a result become deeply religious. He further was soon cheated by his business partners. The family was forced to move from one Indiana town to another in order to survive. Theodore Dreiser later resented his father for the family¹ s poverty.At the age of fifteen Dreiser moved to Chicago and held jobs washing dishes, clerking a hardware store, and tracing freight cars. Dreiser fortunately was able to escape when a former teacher offered to send him to Indiana University at Bloomington for a year. He soon became interested in journalism, but returned to Chicago and worked as a bill collector, real estate clerk and laundry-truck driver.Dreiser first entered the newspaper world by dispensing toys for the needy at Christmas for the Chicago Herald. He subsequently got hired as a cub reporter withthe Chicago Globe and later went to St. Louis as a feature writer for the Globe-Democrat. Things took a turn for the worse when Dreiser accidentally reviewed a theater performance in absentia even though it turned out the show was never performed. He left St. Louis and moved to Pittsburgh, working with the Dispatch. With a secure job again, Dreiser married Sara; White after meeting her at the Chicago World¹ s Fair. The couple moved to New York where he received a job as a magazine editor. At the suggestion of his editor friend Arthur Henry, Dreiser began writing his first novel, the result of which was Sister Carrie.Dreiser continued his career by publishing The Financier (1912) and The Titan (1914), both of which began his trilogy about the rise of a tycoon. Fame arrived with his An American Tragedy (1925), a story based on newspaper accounts of a sensational murder case. This novel was turned into a Broadway drama and later sold to Hollywood.With his new success, Dreiser took a trip to Russia but came away unimpressed. He chronicled his observations in Dreiser Looks at Russia (1928). Dreiser became a communist in later years, causing his to focus his attention of writing political treatises such as America is Worth Saving (1941). Unable to write well towards the end of his life, he moved to Hollywood in 1939 and supported himself by the sale of film rights of his earlier works. He died there in 1945 at the age of seventy-four.2. The plot of Sister CarrieThe novel tells a story about how a rural girl Carrie came to Chicago to find her happiness. In order to escape poverty, Carrie decided to leave her hometown to go to another place to find her worth. On the way to Chicago, she came across a salesman. When she was fired by a factory, she didn’t know where she could go .At the moment she met Drouet who helped her very friendly. In desperation, she has done the mistress of Drouet, and later as a result of a greater desire to the material society, she has also done the mistress of Hurstwood. At last, she thought that she loved Hursthood so much, so she decided to elope with him to go to New York to live a new life. But when they went there, she knew that they hadn’t enough money, .So she tried to find jobs to make a living. Fortunately, she found a good job and became a famous actor. So she realized her dream and came to the upper society. However, what does the so-called "upper-class social life” gives her? She can not find the true meaning of life and feel very empty. In the loneliness and desolation, she dreams of the unexpected dream.3 Analyses of the Characters of Sister Carrie3.1 The Character of Carrie3.1.1. Naivete and SimplicityShe is easy to move by sweet words.She encountered Drouet on the train to Chicago and after getting off the train, Drouet asked for taking the package for Carrie, she said, "very kind of you." And she felt that it is really lucky to get the complaisant care in strange land. So in her mind she thought that she was a good person. In fact, she didn't know that Drouet was a person who only relies on the strong desire and adoration for women and made women happy. Carrie was out of work after an illness and couldn't find a job in a short time, she met Drouet again and he invited Carrie todinner and then forced upon her twenty dollars to let her buy clothes and shoes. Then Carrie's mood is complex and contradictory, and she felt ashamed and refused him, but finally she accepted her money. She thought that he was a kind and generous person, but in fact she didn't know he was only a man who took the pursuit of women for fun. When Carrie had no choice and had to go home, Drouet gave a hand to Carrie, so Carrie was moved and became his mistress at last. Later, because of her simplicity, Carrie was deceived even worse by the second man, Hurstwood. She was also attracted by the appearance and conversation of him and he was infatuated with her pretty, so they frequently made appointment, but she was completely unaware of Hurstwood was a married man. When Drouet told her that Hurstwood had a family, she knew that she was deceived and she felt much regretted. When Carrie was informed that the Hurstwood has been married and decided not to contacts with him, but one day, Hurstwood suddenly came to her residence and told Carrie that Drouet was sick in the hospital, she followed him with no doubt,then she was cheated to strange city- New York by Hurstwood. Because of her naive and simplicity, Carrie makes herself to become the prey of the men twice.3.1.2. Romantic and RealisticHer romantic reflected in her fantasy of living and emotional.When she went to Chicago, she had no rest for a long time. In the contrary, she chose to work. She believed she would have a good job in the future.The romance is also reflected in her emotional fantasies, her first fantasy was Drouet. She dreamed that he could marry with her, but her dream was not achieved. And then she encountered Hurstwood, but he only took her as a tool to avoid heroutrageous and unruly wife. From that she didn't love in life, so she gradually became reality Later, she decided to leave her alone to go into the world, and finally in the community she ffound her role.Her romance is because she didn't know that social competition is brutal; her reality is because life make her do not believe man. She thought that believing herself was the most true in the world.3.2 The Character of HurstwoodIntroduced as the manager of Fitzgerald and Moy’s, he is a dashing man who has achieved success. His friend, Drouet, introduces Carrier to him. Hustwood fall madly in love with her and starts to think of getting her to run away with him. He fell in love with Carrie and slowly sacrifices his family, home and job for her. He eventually steals ten thousand dollars from his employers and ran away with Carrie, ending up in New York with her. When his business in New York falls, he becomes an idler. Carrie eventually leaves him and he turns into a homeless man who commits suicide at the end.3.3 The reasons of Carrie’ characterThe impact of social and natural factors on Carrie is the main reasons dominating her, and these factors are found in Carrie's tragic fate. She is permitted to live in her sister's house only on the condition of paying $4 per week for her room-and-board and when she cannot afford that, her sister and brother-in-law refuses to take her in. In addition, the outside environment has great influence on her is great. She cannot fulfill her desire of living happily with such little money by honest hard work. Andshe knows clearly that hard work would not make her become a rich person. Carrie longs to live in cities like Chicago and New York. Luxurious life in those cities lures her. In face of the poverty and the richness, she chooses the latter. Her endless lust for comfortable and abundant life drives her to be two men's mistress. Against material comforts, the morality carries little weight.The reason which leads to Carrie's tragedy is her identity as a woman .Although the economy develops rapidly; Victorianism still controls people's ideology. This society is men's society, not women's. Women have no social status. Women like Carrie who are considered to be depraved have to extricate themselves by ending up their lives.4. Naturalism in Sister CarrieIt is generally agreed that realist and naturalist literature originated in Europe in the middle of the 19th century. With the industrial development, naturalism made many new achievements in many fields. In the literary field, people began to advocate an objective observation and real description of social life. Realists and naturalists supported the redisplaying of the outside world and put great emphasis on reflecting the world in an honest way. They are very much against romanticism, which embodied lots of personal and subjective opinions.5. American dreams in Sister CarrieThe American dream is the typical cultural phenomenon as well as the dominant melody of the American literature, representing a kind of American spirit. Throughout American history, it can be found that the American dream has been deeply rooted in the inner hearts of the American people, appearing as an important theme in American literatures well as the central ideology in ordinary Americans' minds.Carrie is on behalf of the women who fight for wealth and have different ways when contrasted with man. Pretty and charming as she is, she has the same results as those who are chasing the American dream and all the fate are tragic.The American dream which makes people try to attain the highest level in one step encourages Carrie to leave the small village for Chicago by herself .how courage it should be taken for a country girl to decide to make a living in such city .so it is visible that how deep and profound the American dream impacts on her. When she lastly achieved her self-imposed life-long objective, however, she finds herself still confused about what are ideals. The reason why she gets herself lost again is when facing money is that all the money, wealth, etc, don’t belong to this poor, innoc ent and affectionate girl. The imaginary and deceitful dream seduced her and led her to a wrong way.While on the other hand, the pitiful death of Hurstwood not only reveals the oppression and persecution the cruel capitalistic society made on the ordinary people, but also tears the mask which symbolizes the so-called American mechanical civilization, and the ruthless facts in monopolistic capitalistic society are thoroughly exposed.In fact, the similar stories like Carrie and Huurstwood are repeated everyday in the American society: longing for dreams, making dreams, and overturning dreams and it is pity for them that they cannot but to be controlled by the outer force, and go withthe flow. Their tragedies reveal profoundly the harsh realities in American that survival the fittest and eliminate the unfit, and the deceitfulness of the American dream.6 ConclusionSister Carrie is the first novel of Theodore Dreiser which is full of thoughts and artistic connotations. In Sister Carrie, natural and social causes are two crucial factors to Carrie tragic fate. The natural factor refers to her disposition and desire. The social factor refers to the external environment, especially capitalist social system. Through the analysis of Carrie, this thesis uses these factors as clues to illustrate female destiny in capitalist society. In such a society, the female is unable to bear the outside temptation, they have many desires to the material and the status, but the feminine status is extremely low. Finally, they become the victims of nature and society.In the capitalistic society, even men are exploited heavily as slaves of capitalistic wages, let alone women .They can only appear as “slaves of slaves” and have to suffer from double exploitation of patriarchy and capitalism. Patriarchal social relations in the capitalism are not confined to the family, but also exist in the capitalist workplace and other institutions outside the family. The female is the slave of a patriarchal society. Women cannot gain equal rights based on an unequal society. So it is impossible for women to obtain the final happiness and self-realization.。
英语毕业论文《嘉莉妹妹》中的新女性形象分析
(英语毕业论文)《嘉莉妹妹》中的新女性形象分析————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：2最新英语专业全英原创毕业论文，都是近期写作1 商务合同中的语篇衔接分析2 An Analysis of the Problems on Chinese Early Childhood Education3 论《傲慢与偏见》中婚姻选择的经济动因4 On the Female Image in The Oval Portrait5 从消费心理学角度谈汽车品牌名称的翻译6 论《呼啸山庄》中的象征主义运用7 伊恩.麦克尤恩作品《赎罪》中的成长主题探析8 Three Discriminations to Little Black American Girls in The Bluest Eye9 从麦琪的礼物中折射出欧亨利对已故妻子的爱10 论《德伯维尔家的苔丝》中的环境描写－－－－从视觉和听学的角度11 论中美家庭教育的差异12 外语学习中学习动机的影响13 创世神话与民族特性—《旧约》与中国古代民间传说14 英语演讲语篇中的parallelism及其汉译策略—以奥巴马就职演说稿为例15 论《教授的房子》中圣彼得教授对自我的追求16 The Analysis of the Tragic Fate of Tess in Tess of The D'Urbervilles17 英语教学中非言语交流与跨文化交际中能力的培养18 分析《嘉莉妹妹》中赫斯渥的人物形象19 从《阿甘正传》看美国青年文化20 A Paralysed Wilderness—The Appreciation and Analysis of Symbols in Araby21 男女二元等级对立的颠覆－－《奥兰多》之女性主义解读22 文化差异对英语阅读的影响23 高中英语任务型语法教学初探24 Existentialism in Pride and Prejudice25 从"龙"一词的文化内涵看汉英文化的差异26 归化和异化策略在《红楼梦》文化负载词翻译中的应用27 试析海明威《丧钟为谁而鸣》中的人物形象28 女性社会价值的深情呼唤—小说《到灯塔去》中拉姆齐夫人和莉丽人物形象的对比研究29 音意兼译—外来词中译之首选法30 论《呼啸山庄》中男女主人公对真爱的追求31 欧亨利与马克吐温的讽刺对比——以短篇小说为例32 浅谈涉外谈判礼仪的重要性33 试论班扬《天路历程》中基督徒的精神历程34 广告语的特点及其翻译技巧35 A Probe into Charles Dickens’ Family Values Reflected in A Christmas Carol36 《理智与情感》中的婚姻37 从原型批评理论来看<<哈利波特>>系列小说中的人物原型38 《看不见的人》的主人公形象解析39 A Study on Problems and Strategies in Phonetic Teaching of Spoken English in JEFC40 李白《静夜思》六种英译本的对比研究41 浅析英汉颜色词的文化内涵及翻译42 The differences on advertising translations under the Chinese and Western cultures43 浅析美国传奇总统的共性44 英汉习语翻译中文化意象的转换45 论《儿子与情人》中“花”的象征意义46 论《红字》中海斯特的抗争与命运47 弗吉尼亚.伍尔夫《海浪》的叙事技巧分析48 美国基督新教与中国儒家的伦理道德的比较49 从精神分析学角度探究《呼啸山庄》中的希斯克里夫50 简爱的独立性格剖析51 女性主义视角下的《了不起的盖茨比》52 凯特.肖邦小说《觉醒》中的超验主义思想分析53 《抽彩》和《蝇王》的艺术魅力比较54 撒旦和孙悟空的形象和文化内涵对比55 经典英语电影台词的语言特征和文化态度56 大学英语四级考试的效度57 论《杀死一只知更鸟》中的象征58 解读布莱克的《伦敦》与华兹华斯的《在西敏寺桥上》的诗歌异同59 合作学习在初中英语写作教学中应用的可行性研究60 浅析《最蓝的眼睛》中佩科拉的悲剧根源61 从《绝望主妇》析字幕翻译的目的和归化策略62 从关联理论的角度看科技英语翻译63 中美大学课堂文化比较研究64 《西风颂》两个汉译版本的文体分析65 比较研究王维与华兹华斯的自然观66 习语的文化现象及翻译策略研究67 浅议英语诗歌中的书写变异68 On the Cultural Signification and Translation of Animal Idioms69 On The Narrative Perspective Type of J. M. Coetzee’s Disgrace70 The Characters and Personality of American Slang71 视频辅助和背景知识对听力理解的作用72 浅析《喜福会》中母亲们悲惨遭遇的成因73 《简.爱》的简和《德伯家的苔丝》的苔丝的比较研究74 Cultures and Intercultural Communications75 中英广告宣传方式的比较研究76 论象征主义在《喜福会》中的体现77 英汉颜色词的文化内涵78 从阿里巴巴BB电子商务平台论中小企业的发展趋势79 《了不起的盖茨比》叙述者尼克分析80 中式英语与标准英语的差别81 On the Progressive Awakening of Feminine Consciousness in The Hours82 动物习语中文化意象的比较与翻译83 浅析“红”和“黑”在中英文中的文化及语义对比84 Cultural Differences in Business Negotiations: East and West85 功能对等理论在新闻英语翻译中的应用86 试析英汉颜色习语折射出的中西文化异同87 艾米莉.狄金森的死亡观研究88 对《傲慢与偏见》中伊丽莎白性格的分析89 中式菜名的英译90 从安利（中国）的成功看直销模式在我国的发展91 中西礼貌用语的语用对比研究92 Verification of Soft Term in Letter of Credit93 语言变体的翻译——《哈克贝利费恩历险记》的两汉译本的比较94 《第十二夜》中女性人物特征分析95 从主述位理论看奥巴马就职演讲的连贯性96 Terror of the Soul-Analysis of Features in Poe’s Gothic Fictions97 交际法在大学英语教学中的现状探究98 分析《基督山伯爵》爱德蒙的二重性格99 An Analysis of the Symbolic Meanings of the Letter “A” in T he Scarlet Letter100 A Comparative Study of the Character of Tess and Jane Eyre101 欧亨利《最后一片叶子》解读102 On Freudian Interpretation of Dreams In Sense and Sensibility103 《简爱》中的女性主义意识初探104 Who Stole Our Panda——An Analysis of Cross-Cultural Transmission Through an American Movie Kung Fu Panda105 英汉习语渊源对比及其常用分析方法106 中西跨文化交际中非语言行为的比较研究107 旅游翻译中的文化差异和处理策略108 安妮赖斯小说《夜访吸血鬼》的新哥特世界109 影响英语专业学生阅读理解因素的分析及对策探讨110 从叙事结构分析电影《撞车》中对种族歧视问题的诠释111 The Conflict between Desire and Surroundings：an Analysis of Clyde in An American Tragedy112 歧义的语用研究113 论伍尔夫《到灯塔去》女权主义主题思想及对中国女性文学之影响114 在英语教学中发展学生的自主学习能力115 英语中源于希腊罗马神话主要神祇姓名词汇的认知探索116 从用词的角度分析商务英语信函的翻译117 目的论指导下的英语字幕翻译策略118 《哈姆雷特》中不言而喻的隐喻魅力(开题报告+论文+文献综述)119 英语动结式V+PP的语义整合研究120 目的论视角下的广告翻译121 浅析新闻发布会口译语言的语体学特点122 论《西风颂》背后的精神力量123 《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》中麦琪悲剧原因分析124 从成长教育理论视角解读奥利弗.退斯特的生活经历125 浅论《汤姆琼斯》的现实主义特征126 从玛丽沃斯通克拉夫特的女性主义观点看《傲慢与偏见》的女性形象塑造127 语法翻译法视角下的中学生英语家教辅导128 从文化的角度审视中西习语的来源129 从《成长的烦恼》和《家有儿女》的对比看中西方家庭价值观的差异130 《隐形人》中主人公的性格分析131 论中西方思维方式的差异132 澳大利亚文学中的丛林文化—以亨利.劳森《赶牲畜人的妻子》为例133 解读艾丽斯.沃克《紫色》中的家庭134 女性主义视角下《傲慢与偏见》的情态意义解读135 “Lady First” Reflected in Different Cultures136 从生态女性主义视角解读《喜福会》137 浅析英语语言中的性别歧视现象138 中英姓名文化内涵的探究139 论华裔女星在好莱坞电影中的角色转变140 从《野性的呼唤》浅析杰克伦敦的哲学思想及其哲学倾向141 The Religious Thoughts in The Pilg rim’s Progress142 谈英汉文学作品中数字的模糊性及其翻译143 浅析英语拟声词的功能144 由《红楼梦》中人名的英译看中西文化差异145 浅析《喜福会》中的母女关系146 The Lexical Features of Black English in RAP Music and its Influence147 试析邓恩《别离辞.节哀》中圆规与圆的意象148 小说《黑猫》中双重人格149 《远大前程》中皮普的心路历程150 英语语音学习中的母语负迁移现象研究151 浅析合作学习在英语专业口语教学中的应用152 魔法世界的双重间谍——《哈利波特》西佛勒斯.斯内普的矛盾形象分析153 浅析《最蓝的眼睛》中的创伤和治愈154 图式理论在高中英语阅读中的运用155 春节与圣诞节的对比研究156 日用品广告语言中中西方价值观差异比较研究157 融入与挑战－－从生态角度看《老人与海》与《瓦尔登湖》158 文化视角下的英汉委婉语翻译探讨159 论《爱玛》中简.奥斯丁的女性主义观160 中餐菜谱翻译的错误分析161 On English-Chinese Translation of Automobile Brand Names162 英语广告的语言特点163 从违反合作原则看电影语言的会话含义——以《最后的武士》为例164 女权主义翻译理论关照下的《呼啸山庄》多个译本比较研究165 从功能翻译理论看电影《功夫熊猫》的字幕翻译166167 《卡拉维拉斯县驰名的跳蛙》中的幽默168 The Transcultural Differences in the Translation of Commercial Advertisements 169 傲慢与偏见中的婚姻观170 Psychological Analysis of Stuttering in The King’s Speech171 以马斯洛需求层次理论分析《傲慢与偏见》中的爱情婚姻观172 Sister Carrie—A Woman Lost in the Material World173 以赫索格为代表的索尔贝娄作品中知识分子的困境与出路174 从数字看中西方文化差异175 玛莎.诺曼戏剧中的母女关系研究176 浅析《德伯家的苔丝》中的苔丝悲剧的成因177 广告的翻译178 从鹿鼎记和唐吉诃德的主要人物的较对比来比中西方侠文化179 论《一个温和的建议》中的黑色幽默180 初中英语词汇教学法研究综述181 生态哲人约翰.斯坦贝克182 使用影视片对中学生进行英语听说教学183 对小说《野草在歌唱》的功能文体分析184 英美日常交际礼仪对比分析185 A Comparative Study of Coincidental Plots in Jane Eyre and Tess of the d’Urbervilles186 英语广告语中的隐喻认知187 On Wisdom of Tao in Tao De Jing and the Subjectivity of Translator－－Based upon Translations of Wu（无）and You（有）188 通过《喧哗与骚动》中三兄弟各自对于凯蒂的叙述分析三人各自性格特征189 Gothic Romance: Inheritance and Development of Medieval Romance－－A Case Study of The Castle of Otranto190 解析《红字》中的红与黑191 从《嘉莉妹妹》看德莱塞的女性观192 关于高中生英语阅读策略运用情况的调查193 论戏剧《威尼斯商人》中夏洛克的悲剧形象194 On Characteristic Features of the Main Characters in The Moon and Sixpence195 从认知语言学的视角下浅析隐喻和换喻的异同196 浅谈中学英语教学中交际任务型教学活动的设计197 合作教学理论在初中英语阅读中的运用198 Conversational Humor in American Sitcoms——A Case Study of The Big Bang Theory199 论《红字》中海丝特的女性身份重构200。
嘉莉妹妹论文
On the Technique of Symbolism in Sister CarrieAbstract: Sister Carrie is one of Dreiser's famous works. In it Dreiser uses a great deal of symbolism to describe the person and express the theme. To analyse the rocking chair, money, clothes, newspaper, theatre and window can help us understand this novel better, and can let us know the autho'sr technique ofwriting this novel. Key words: Sister Carrie, symbolism, technique.摘要：《嘉莉妹妹》是德莱赛的优秀作品之一。
在小说中德莱赛大量应用了象征修辞手法来刻画人物和表达主题。
通过对摇椅、金钱、服饰、报纸、剧院和窗户象征的分析，可以帮助我们更好地理解作者的写作技巧。
关键词：《嘉莉妹妹》；象征；艺术Introduction: This novel tells a country girl, Sister Carrie, comes to Chicago to look for a better life. She first stays with her sister whose working-class home is, however, too poor to keep her. Then she lives on a traveling salesman,Druet. And then a respectable manager, Hurstwood. But neither the two men give her happiness. At last, Sister Carrie becomes a successful woman on her own.In this novel, the author uses a great deal of symbolism, which is one of the distinguished features of this novel. So this thesis aims at analysing the symbolism and to see how it reflects the society at that time and how it describes the person and express the theme.So what is symbolism? It is a kind of writing style by using one specificthing to indicate another thing or some ideas. By using the symbolism, Dresier wants to express the theme, that is no one can get happiness in this money-centered society, and to tell the nature of the capitalism.I The first symbolism— Rocking chairRocking chair is one of the main symbolisms in this novel. The author mentioned the rocking chair 23times and the rocking chair appears in the heroin'es every lodging, even in her sister's house, Sister Carrie always sits in therocking chair, and always under some special circumstance, the rocking chair isnot just a furniture.Carrie, Druet and Hurstwood always sits in the rocking chair, but Carrie is the one who sits in it the most frequently, and every time when she sits in it is something has happenedand always reflects her mood. The rocking chair mentionedthe first time is when Carrie reaches her siste'rs home. She sits in the rocking chair and writes to Druet to tell him not to come to her, for the place she livesis quite shabby. This is the first time she feels disappointed to the large city, but she still hopes a better life in this big city.When she finds her first job in Chicago and gets her first wage, she sits in the rocking chair and dreaming her future. Here the rocking chair symbolize that there are some changes in her life. And when she lives with Druet, she always sits in the rocking chair to dream that some good things happen to her when she feels lonely. On the contrary, to Hurstwood, the rocking chair symbolizes the passive attitude towards life, escaping from the reality and his disappointment. He can 't find himself a job in New York, he wants to escape from the reality, so he sits in the rocking chair reading the newspaper while rocking. When he finds Carrie hasleft him, he sits down without rocking. The stop of rocking symbolizes that some kind of his life has stopped. The one who he loves most has also left him. The rocking chair is the same one, but different people sits in it has different symbolism. It symbolizes hope and desire when Carrie sits in it, but symbolizes disappointment and hopelessnesswhen Hurstwood sits in it. Dresier makes therocking chair a contrast symbolic meaning.II the second symbolis—MoneyMoney plays an important role in this novel, and to everyone money has its own meaning, To Druet, it is easy to make money, but money also spent quickly. To Carrie, a country girl who is full of hope, money means a kind of tool which can get anything she wants. But to Hurstwood, money is not a question when he is the manager of the hotel,money is just a tool to get Carrie, but when he loses his money and status, he has to beg for living.It is no doubt that Dresier uses money to symbolize one 's social status, which can easily be seen from Carrie's experience of money. When she Drue'stwallet at the first sight, she believes that Druet is a man who has seen much of life. When she accepts Druet's money, it means she has accepted Druet who can provide her a comfortable life. And at the end of novel, Carrrie has become a famous person and can earn 150 dollars per week. Contrast to the 4.5 dollars she earned when she first works in the shoes factory, her social status has improved along with the increase of money. So in most people's eyes, Carrie has succeeded.Money not only symbolizes one's social status, but also decides on'es status in a family. When Hurstwood begins his new life with Carrie in New York, he is the person who provides the family,. And Carrie only needs to do the housework. But when Hurstwood loses his company and can't find a job, his money becomes less and less, his status in the family is decreasing, too. He begins to do some housework as time goes on. When Carrie goes to work and supports the family, Hurstwood has lost his dignity as time goes on.Money also symbolizes the cold relationship between people. Carrie's sister decides to let Carrie live not because she is her sister, but because Carrie has to pay 4dollars to her each week. And when Carrie succeeds, she also doesn't think of her sister. And this cold relationship also exists in Hurstwood's family. When Hurstwood's wife finds her husband's relationship with Carrie, she tries every means to get the property. When Hurstwood suicides himself, his wife and daughter are having their vocation in Europe.皿the third symbolism— ClothesClothes are quite important to all the people. They symbolize one's social status, wealth and behavior. Carrie has a deep impression on Druet when she meets him for the first time. And she believes he has seen much more successful than Druet just by the shoes Hurstwood wears. And Carrie knows Hurstwood's failure by noticing he doesn't buy himself some new clothes. At the end of the story, Carrie has enough money to buy herself the most fashionable clothes when she becomes a famous person, she also becomes one of the upper class people.Hurstwood has become a beggar at last, and his clothes is quite worn-out,his clothes symbolize he has fallen down to the lowest level of the society. It seems that we can know one's social status just by one's clothes.IV the fourth symbolism— NewspaperNewspaper symbolizes the news which is out-of -datye, the things which has already happened. The people who read the newspaper also belongs to the past, they don't want to make efforts any moreO. f course this is different fromCarrie'sreading newspaper just to find whether there is news about her. Here reading newspaper is a kind of symbolism of social power. To Hurstwood, reading newspaper symbolizes the social status's losing. When Hurstwood first reads newspaper in chapter20, it indicates that he can't do anything to chang the current life. He reads newspaper everyday after losing his job, it just indicates his inability, he can 'tadjust himself to the new life.V the fifth symbolism—TheaterTheater appears in the novel frequently. Theater is a place for entertainment at that time. To Carrie, theater symbolizes her desire of acting, and theater is also the place her career begins. Satirically, the moving part of the play playsin the theater is fictitious. Carrie acts quite successfully when she first steps on the stage, she is moved by the love story of the play. But in real life, her love ends with deceive. Neither Druet nor Hurstwood gives her happiness. She achieves successon her own. But drama is drama, it can'treplace the real life, so Carrie still feels lonely.弋 the sixth symbolism—WindowThe readers may notice that Druet and Carrie always sit beside the window when they go to a restaurant. This is because they want to be seen by others and wantto see others. Because going to the restaurant means wealth or high status. Meanwhile, window separates the imaginable world from the real world. When Carrie arrives at Chicago, she always stare at the goods in the shopwindow and willing to get them, but she can't afford them for she is just a country girl at that time. Here the window express the mentality of wants something but not having possessed it yet, the condition that standing here but not belongs here. When Hurstwood gets into the hotel and closes the window, and is happy not to worrying about the outside world, it implies that he is escaping from the real world.Conclusion: By using symbolism, Dreiser describes the person better, and the theme is more impressive. The readers can understand this novel better through symbolism. And the readers may get different ideas according to his own experience in combination of symbolism.Bibliography[ 1 ] 李芳.《嘉莉妹妹》中的社会象征[ J ]. 大舞台, 2005, (6) .[ 2 ] 李其珊《. 嘉莉妹妹》中的对比和象征艺术[ J ]. 玉林师范学院学报, 2004, (2) . [ 3 ] 周春林. 谈谈象征及其美学功能[ J ]. 修辞学习, 2000, (3) : 27. [4 ][美]德莱塞.嘉莉妹妹[M ].北京:人民文学出版社,2003.。
嘉莉妹妹 论文
标题针对【嘉利妹妹】人物反面形象分析的驳论文副标题通过其他论文对嘉利反面形象观点的驳斥，分析嘉利妹妹身上积极值得让我们肯定的性格，进而分析嘉利妹妹不快乐的原因，得出什么才是幸福怎样才能快乐的结论。
作者胡顺成摘要在嘉莉妹妹从一名村姑成为有钱有名在外人看上去幸福的成长历程中，针对其他人分析嘉莉妹妹行为所得出来的她爱慕虚荣、以貌取人、不理智消费、贪图享受、强烈的物欲等观点进行的反驳所得出的观点上，找到嘉利身上的闪光点，提出嘉利身上值得我们学习的东西，进而肯定嘉利。
由于在当时的社会环境下，嘉利作为一个社会的弱女子，虽然身处社会的底层但仍然一直持有对美好生活的向往。
在追求美好生活的同时她失去了很多东西，以至于到最后什么想要的物质生活都得到了她还不开心。
我们得出的结论是：导致嘉利不开心的原因是她把她所追求的精神生活物质化了。
在文章的最后我们分析在当时人们不快乐的原因都是自私自立，缺乏家庭责任感、社会责任感造成的，以至于当时社会阶级鲜明残酷，家庭亲情关系不和谐。
从对以上的论述分析我们得到了一些积极的启示：我们要有追求美好生活的梦想，我们更要有不屈不挠的精神，追求美好生活的就是既满足自己的精神需求又对他人进行人性的关爱的简单生活；在家庭表现为有家庭责任感，在社会上就是有社会责任感做好本职工作，并有积极向上的人生目标。
人们对这篇小说的概述：俊俏的农村姑娘嘉丽，羡慕大都市的物质生活来到了芝加哥谋生。
严酷的现实破碎了她的美梦，迎接她的是失业和疾病。
在走投无路时，她做了推销员杜洛埃的情妇，后来由于更大的欲望又做了酒店经理赫斯渥的情妇。
与赫斯渥私奔后，在纽约由于偶然的机会她成了走红一时的演员，挤上了上流社会，实现了她的幻想。
作家娴熟地运用自然主义的创作手法，使作品具有极强的社会表现力，细腻地展示了嘉莉的生存景观及心路历程。
以下观点是大多数人们对嘉利人物性格的反面评价，下面的观点也是一篇论文的主要中心思想。
从小说得他们概括出的嘉利性格有：1.强烈的物欲在小说的开始，德莱塞就指出了嘉莉的性格特点：“她已经懂得顾影自怜，很快就领会人生中还有进一步的乐趣，渴望着获得物质享受。
美国文学《嘉莉妹妹》解读
摘要美国作家西奥多德莱塞被认为美国自然主义的杰出代表，本文以其第一部小说《嘉莉妹妹》为例分析德莱塞自然主义的一些特征。
论文从德莱塞创作《嘉莉妹妹》的历史文化背景出发，研究德莱塞在《嘉莉妹妹》中表现出来的自然主义思想。
论文涉及该小说的主要三大背景：一是达尔文主义和宿命论；二是美国然主义；三是19世纪末在美国兴起的消费主义。
同时分析自然主义的三大特点：欲望,本能和环境,最后得出结论：《嘉莉妹妹》一文中主人公嘉莉妹妹的最终命运与德莱塞本人的命运息息相关，赫思渥德的最终堕落也是德莱塞惧怕失败的结果。
而德莱塞却把嘉莉妹妹和赫思特渥德最终得不到幸福归因于“人心”。
关键词：自然主义达尔文主义欲望人性环境AbstractTheodore Dreiser is regarded as an outstanding representative of American naturalism. In this thesis, Dreiser’s first novel Sister Carrie is taken as an example to analyze the featur es of Dreiser’s naturalism. The thesis referred to three great historical and cultural background of the novel which are Darwinism，Determinism. American Naturalism and Consumerism. Meanwhile the thesis analyzes three features of naturalism. At last, we can draw the conclusion that the leading character of the novel-Carrie’s destiny has a great connection with Dreiser himself and the decline of Hurstwood is a result of Dreiser’s fear of failure, but Dreiser attributes Carrie and Hurstwood’s unhappiness to th eir insatiable desire for life or they are doomed to be unhappy etc, and from which we can see Dreiser’s naturalism easily.Key Words：Naturalism Darwinism Consumerism desire environmentCONTENTS1 Introduction2 The historical and cultural background for Sister Carrie2.1 Darwinism and Determinism2.2 American naturalism2.3 Industrial Revolution3 The typical characteristics of naturalism in Sister Carrie 3.1 The desire, instinct and the influence of environments 3.2. The influence of the environment3.3 Dreiser’s exploration4 Conclusions1 IntroductionTheodor Dreiser (1871-1945), an American author, outstanding representative of naturalism, whose novels depict real-life subjects in a harsh light. Many of his works referred to the description of naturalism and weakened his critical spirit. His first novel Sister Carrie published in 1990 revealed the financial disparity and the moral decline of American society and thus regarded as forbidden book. But now the book becomes one of the best-sellers of American literature because of the naturalistic features in it. Then Dreiser is regarded as a pioneer of American naturalism and as a naturalist Dreiser expresses the characteristics of naturalism in most of his works. The themes of Darwinism and Determinism are the common features of Dreiser’s story which also characterize Sister Carrie.Dreiser chose to reflect life truthful in his works when other novels deal only with the beautiful aspects of life,. It is not an exaggeration to say that Dreiser's Sister Carrie clears the way for the development of American fiction.From follow analysis of three aspects and conclusion, we can find out the naturalism of Dreiser in Sister Carrie2 The historical and cultural background for Sister CarrieTheodore Dreiser's Sister Carrie reflects the profound transformations in American life in the late nineteenth century.2.1 Darwinism and DeterminismIn 1859, Darwin’s The Origin of Specie appeared. It soon changed man’s recognition. Before Darwin, human was separated from the animals because of its moral. However, at this time evolutionist considered human as a part of natural things and a member of the animal kingdom. American naturalis ts accepted “bestiality” and “human beast” as an explanation of desire.They attempted to achieve extreme objectivity and frankness presentingcharacters of low social and economic classes who are determined by their environment and heredity. They dismissed the validity of comforting moral truth. Darwinism is the most important theory, which greatly affects Sister Carrie.Freud’s theory gives theoretic basis to Dreiser’s description of man’s desire. Freud considers man’s natural instinct as determination. To him man is a part of nature since man is a member of animals. Human mentality and action will forever be determined by instinct. Desire is just a genetic instinct in his opinion.2.2 American naturalismSister Carrie was written and published also at the rise of American naturalism, which means a particular genre of fiction that developed in the late 19th century America, and associated principally with writers such as Jack London , Stephen Crane, Frank Norris and Theodore Dreiser.At the end of nineteenth century came a generation of writers whose ideas of the working of the universe and whose perception of the society's disorder led them to naturalism. A new and harsher realism, naturalism was introduced to the United States, literary naturalists spoke out against the ideas that literature should present what Howells called for the “smiling aspects of life". Instead, they attempted to achieve extreme objectivity and frankness presenting characters of low social and economic classes who were dominated by their environment or heredity in depicting the extremes of life. American naturalists emphasized that world was amoral that men and women had no free will, that their lives were controlled by heredity and the environment, that religious "truths" were illusory, and that the destiny of humanity was misery in life and oblivion in death.2.3 Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution brought American people a value crisis. The 19th century was the time of industrialization. Serial changes made people feel they were conquering the world and obtaining their treasures. The surprising development made people feel too close to wealth and happiness. Then,appeared small amounts ofindustrial giants and large number of poor people,American value materialistic to the core. Living in such a society with such a value system, the human individual is obsessed with a never end, yet meaningless search for satisfaction of his desire.3 The typical characteristics of naturalism in Sister CarrieIn Sister Carrie I find out that some of its themes differ from those of other naturalistic works.3.1 The desire, instinct and the influence of environmentsFreud’s theory g ives theoretic basis to Dreiser’s description of man’s desire. Freud considers man’s natural instinct as determination. To him man is a part of nature since man is a member of animals. Human mentality and action will forever be determined by instinct. Desire is just a genetic instinct in his opinion.This thesis covers Dreiser’s meaningful ideas--desire. Man’s behavior is dominated by instincts (desires, needs and fear) and environments (cities and consumerism) and chances. In the process of evolution, man is not able to control instincts completely. Desire is considered hereditary and instinctive. In this novel most of the central characters are hurried by a desire of personal affirmation, a desire they can neither articulate nor suppress. And Carrie Meeber is the representative. She suffered from a need that her lives assume the dignity of dramatic form, and they suffer terribly, because they do not really understand it.Her view to money is “Money, something everybody else has and I must get.”(Theodore Dreiser, 1979, P77) Drouet then becomes her first ladder. When Drouet give her money for the first time, she hesitates. She knows clearly that no deep, sinister soul with ulterior motives could have given her fifteen cents under friendship, since “nature has taught the beasts of the beats of the field to fly when some unheralded dangers threatens”(Theodore Dreiser, 1979, P79) Here in her superego, she has a feeble instinct of self-production. However, deep in her mind, there is a strong desire for better clothes, jewelry, dinning in halls and plays in the theaters. Then preconscious becomes weak. Id gets upper hand. At last, id implies the superego and Carrie chooses to live with Drouet.When she knows that Drouet’s love is unsteady, the appearance of Hurstwoodstimulates her new hope and desire. It is the new hope and desire that compels her actions. “his kind of unfulfilled dreams would beckon and lead her until death and dissolution dissolve their power and would restore her blind to nature’s heart”(Theodore Dreiser, 1979, P353) When Hurstwood can supply the life she dreams of, she stays with him, if not, she leaves.With the degradation of Hurstwood, Carrie would not endure losing her dreams. When she meets Mrs. Vance, Carrie longs for the dainty decorated, beautiful clothes and genteel manners. “What a wonderful thing it was to be rich” (Theodore Dreiser, 1979, P385) is the powerful voice of her heart. Without money, she leaves again.From the beginning to the end, Carrie is just like a machine controlled by the desires .3.2. The influence of the environmentEnvironment is a tremendous thing often leads people to a wrong direction.Drouet tells Carrie that Chicago is a wonder, and that she will find lots to see. Even her siste tells her, “You'll want to see the city.” [1]She comes there. She comes to the big web of Chicago in order to pursue a happy life. The prosperous parties, lights, dinners, theatres attract her.She choos es Route’s soon as she sees Hurstwood, she evaluates his worth his wealth, position and sexuality----by his “rich” plaid vest, mother of pearl buttons and soft black shoes “polished only to a dull shine.”When she meets Mrs. Vance, Carrie longs for the dainty decorated, beautiful clothes and genteel manners. “What a wonderful thing it was to be rich” (Theodore Dreiser, 1979, P385) is the powerful voice from the bottom of her heart. She inters another pursuition.3.3 Dreiser’s exploration------human desire and revelation of the dark side of human natureFrom the first novel Sister Carrie on, Dreiser set himself to project the American values for what he had found them to be --materialistic to the core. Living in such a society with such a value system, the human individual is obsessed with anever-ending, yet meaningless search for satisfaction of his desires. One of the desires is for money which was a motivating purpose of life in the United States in the late l9th century. For example, in Sister Carrie, there is not one character whose status is not determined economically. Sex is another human desire that Dreiser explored to considerab1e lengths in his novels to reveal the dark side of human nature. In Sister Carrie, Carrie climbs up the social ladder by means of her sexual appeal. Also in the “Trilogy of Desire,” the possession of sexual beauty symbolizes t he acquisition of some social status of great magnitude. However, Dreiser never forgot to imply that these human desires in 1ife could hardly be defined. They are there like a powerful "magnetism" governing human existence and reducing human beings to nothing. So like all naturalists he was restrained from finding a solution to the social problems that appeared in his novels and accordingly almost all his works have tragic endings.4 ConclusionsThis short thesis can not cover Dreiser's meaningful naturalism. His greatness is in his insight, his sympathy, and his tragic view of life. Dreiser exported human desire and revelation of the dark side of human nature。
美国文学选读期末论文嘉莉妹妹
Analysis of Carrie as a Materialist According to the Naturalism inSister Carrie.Abstract：In the masterpiece Sister Carrie, Theodore Dreiser tells a story of Carrie’s rise from a poor country girl to Broadway star. In the novel, Dreiser uses lots of words to describe the psychology of Carrie from the satisfaction of basic life to the realization of self-development. This thesis aims to analysis the influence of naturalism on the main character Carrie in the road of desire. In the way of her development, th ere are two kinds of people: one is Carrie’s sister and the other is Drouet and Hurstwood, give Carrie the chance to fashion her ideal ego and be a successful actress. The former one stands for the poverty. In there, Carrie is driven by basic needs for survival and physiological necessities. The later one lets Carrie know she should realize her value but not to depend on man. The author finally indicates that in the survival of the fittest world people who industriously adapt to the society can live longer and better.Key Words: naturalism; Theodore Dreiser; Carrie; desire通过自然主义分析《嘉莉妹妹》中嘉莉这一物质主义形象摘要：西奥多德莱赛在他的杰作《嘉莉妹妹》中讲述了一位农村女孩到城市谋生最后成为百老汇名演员的故事。
【推荐下载】英美文学：欲望驱动下的嘉莉妹妹
英美文学：欲望驱动下的嘉莉妹妹 【摘要】小编为您提供一篇关于欲望驱动下的嘉莉妹妹的英美文学文化论文，欢迎参考! 《嘉莉妹妹》是美国著名的自然主义小说家西奥多德莱塞(1871 1945)的第一部长篇小说。
书中描写了名叫嘉莉米贝的农村姑娘因羡慕大城市的物质生活来到芝加哥谋生的故事。
她先后经历了寻找工作的艰辛、疾病的困扰和失业的痛苦。
为了生存，她成了推销员杜洛埃的情妇，后来又与酒店经理赫斯特伍德私奔。
在纽约赫斯特伍德也丢掉了工作，为生活所迫，她在一家剧院当上了一名合唱演员。
一个偶然的机会一举成名，挤进了上流社会，似乎实现了朝思暮想的愿望，然而在故事的结尾她依然坐在摇椅里梦想着自己的幸福。
究其原因，是因为嘉莉自始至终都被欲望驱使着，欲望使她永远不满足于现状，不断地寻找下一个目标。
她的欲望是多种因素促成的。
1.消费观念的影响 在19世纪末20世纪初，美国社会发生了一场深刻的变革，以生产为主的意识形态正逐渐被消费意识形态代替，因为当时美国内战后上稳定，上迅速，化和城市化都达到了前所未有的水平，商品非常丰富。
经济要想进一步发展就必须最大限度地消费。
为此以鼓励人们互相攀比、摆阔气的消费文化兴盛起来。
这种文化的道德标准是：有钱建豪宅、买昂贵服装，男人以吸引和占有最美的女人为自豪。
像鲍德里拉所说的这时的物品就已经成为地位的象征，而不是仅仅满足生活的基本需要。
因此，人们应该听从本能的驱使，作为消费者的人将享乐看成是自己的义务，享乐和满足就像一种事业①。
在这种社会环境下，嘉莉渴望占有物品，特别是那些新衣服、漂亮马车之类。
期望用这些物品提升自己的价值和社会地位。
因此当她见到商店里琳琅满目的商品时，情不自禁地感到拥有这些无比重要。
甚至在她进入消费的中心城市之前，她就已经感觉到了商品的吸引力推销员那入时的衣着。
当她到达芝加哥之后，马上就发现她那破旧的衣服和小行李箱只能显示她卑微的地位。
周围是各种各样的巨幅广告和美丽诱人的物品，她痛苦地感到自己只是个城外人，自己不能拥有想要的。
《嘉莉妹妹》女性主义论文
《嘉莉妹妹》女性主义探析摘要：西奥多·德莱塞的《嘉莉妹妹》是一部颇具争议的小说，主人公嘉莉更被看作是虚荣、欲望的代表，其成功是建立在美丽的外貌及对男人的利用之上。
本文从女性主义角度分析了虚荣与欲望背后所隐藏的意义，即在男权社会寻求女性解放必须取得经济与人格的双重独立。
关键词：《嘉莉妹妹》女性主义男权社会中图分类号：i106.4 文献标识码：a一时代背景19世纪末20世纪初，美国社会处于由传统工业向现代工业的转型期，工业化和机械化程度日益增强，传统的精神信仰受到了经济发展的冲击，新的精神信仰尚未形成，而女性在当时以男性为中心的社会中仍处于附属地位。
这一时期西方正处于第一次女权运动浪潮之中，女性开始为争取自身的解放而奋斗，批判男权主义的女权主义应运而生。
1848年，伊丽莎白·凯蒂·斯坦顿和卢科瑞蒂亚·莫特带领女权主义改革者在塞内卡瀑布举行聚会，要求修正法典里许多对妇女不公平的待遇。
纽约州召开了妇女代表大会，争取选举权运动。
这期间，美国社会出现了成千上万的“新女性”。
一般来讲，“新女性”指两类妇女，一类是劳动阶层的年轻女工，另一类是不安于传统女性命运的中产阶级少女和少妇。
“新女性”大都具有强烈的自我意识和独立的个性，受过一定程度的教育，性观念较为开放，不为传统的家庭观念所束缚。
她们常常通过各种方式为自己争取更大的独立权利，并呼吁与男人一样享有平等的权利。
“新女性”的崛起为当时的美国文学提供了全新的素材，注入了新的活力。
大批“新女性”以“自主、独立、蔑视传统”的姿态出现在美国社会，并以否定传统婚姻和家庭观念的大胆行为来挑战男权社会。
但是仍然有许多男性作家，如杰克·伦敦、亨利·詹姆斯等为捍卫男性权威、维护传统妇道而把“新女性”刻画成性情古怪，行为异常，令读者嫌恶的角色。
当时的女性仍然受着清教主义的影响，主流女性形象是温文尔雅的淑女，是虔诚的清教徒，这也就说明，当时的女性在婚后应该全心全意相夫教子，不能毫无顾忌地放纵自我的情感，整天沉溺于男欢女爱。
从女性主义角度解读《嘉莉妹妹》英语论文
XXXX大学本科毕业论文（设计）任务书编号：论文（设计）题目：从女性主义角度解读《嘉莉妹妹》学院： XXX学院专业：英语教育班级： XXXX级英语教育X班学生姓名：XXX 学号： XXXXXXXX 指导教师： XX 职称：XX1、论文（设计）研究目标及主要任务本论文的研究目标是从女性主义角度解读女主人公嘉莉.米贝的新女性形象。
2、论文（设计）的主要内容本论文分为两章，第一章介绍嘉莉从依附家庭成员和情人到实现独立，并分析其依赖的客观社会原因。
第二章讨论了嘉莉自我意识的觉醒。
3、论文（设计）的基础条件及研究路线本论文的基础条件是不同的研究者对文章的不同解读。
研究路线是对嘉莉.米贝在男权社会的新女性形象进行具体的阐释和解读。
4、主要参考文献E.L. Doctorow. 1958. An Introduction to Sister Carrie. New York: A Bantam Book, Inc.Abrham H. Maslow , G.N. 1970. a theory of human motivation. New York: Harper & RowCharvetr, J. 1982. Feminism. London: J.M. Dent& Sons Ltd.,蒋道超，1999，《德莱赛研究》，上海：上海外语教育出版社。
朱达，1989，《论德莱赛的〈嘉莉妹妹〉》，外国文学研究。
教师：年月日教研室主任：年月注：一式三份，学院（系）、指导教师、学生各一份XXXX大学本科生毕业论文（设计）开题报告书XXXX大学本科生毕业论文（设计）评议书XXXX大学本科生毕业论文（设计）文献综述本科生毕业论文设计从女性主义角度解读《嘉莉妹妹》作者姓名XXX指导教师XX所在学院 XXX学院专业（系）英语教育班级（届） XXXX级英教X班完成日期 XXXX 年 5 月 8 日Feminist reading onSister CarrieByXXXXProf. XX, TutorA Thesis Submitted to Department of EnglishLanguage and Literature in PartialFulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of B.A in EnglishAt XXXX UniversityMay 8, XXXXAbstractTheodor Dreiser is a distinguished writer in American literature in twentieth century. He boasts readers all over the world. In the meantime, Dreiser is widely discussed in critical filed. His first novel, Sister Carrie is his first novel and typical representative of naturalism and has remained a hot topic in American literature.By now, this novel has been researched from various perspectives, but few from feministic aspects systematically.With American society at the turn of the 19th and 20th century, the novel witnesses great transformation of that era. The booming industrialization changes people’s life style as well as their way of thinking and ideology, especially female’s thoughts. Sister Carrie juxtaposes rise to become a celebrity of a country girl and degradation of an affluent manager to a homeless beggar and finally resorts to suicidal. However, popularized commercialism and patriarchal thoughts imposes negative influence on woman, despite of which, Carrie achieves independence from family and lover and realizes talent and beauty awareness.The thesis is composed of two chapters.Chapter one introduces the emergence of new woman in the deeply-rooted patriarchal society, analyzes Carrie’s independence from family and lovers and explains the objective reason for her dependence- consumerist society.Chapter two discusses three kinds of traditional woman and their fate pattern and concentrates on Carrie’s gradual achievement of beauty awareness and talent awareness and her attitude to reality from passiveness to activeness.The significance of the study includes two aspects. Firstly, through the analysis, the researcher wants readers to be more familiar with plot and characters of this novel, not merely regards it as a naturalistic work. Secondly, the research tries to employ concrete supporting theories to analyzeKey words independence self-consciousness freedom摘要西奥多.德莱赛是二十世纪美国文学史上的一名著名作家。
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Analysis of Carrie as a Materialist According to the Naturalism inSister Carrie.Abstract：In the masterpiece Sister Carrie, Theodore Dreiser tells a story of Carrie’s rise from a poor country girl to Broadway star. In the novel, Dreiser uses lots of words to describe the psychology of Carrie from the satisfaction of basic life to the realization of self-development. This thesis aims to analysis the influence of naturalism on the main character Carrie in the road of desire. In the way of her development, th ere are two kinds of people: one is Carrie’s sister and the other is Drouet and Hurstwood, give Carrie the chance to fashion her ideal ego and be a successful actress. The former one stands for the poverty. In there, Carrie is driven by basic needs for survival and physiological necessities. The later one lets Carrie know she should realize her value but not to depend on man. The author finally indicates that in the survival of the fittest world people who industriously adapt to the society can live longer and better.Key Words: naturalism; Theodore Dreiser; Carrie; desire通过自然主义分析《嘉莉妹妹》中嘉莉这一物质主义形象摘要：西奥多德莱赛在他的杰作《嘉莉妹妹》中讲述了一位农村女孩到城市谋生最后成为百老汇名演员的故事。
在这部小说中，德莱赛用了大量笔墨来描写嘉莉最初对基本生活的满足到最后追求自我完善的过程。
本文旨在分析自然主义对嘉莉“追求道路”上的影响。
在这个过程中，有两种人给了嘉莉自我完善和成为名演员这个机会：一类姐姐明妮一家，另一类是德鲁埃和赫斯特伍德。
前者代表贫困，在姐姐家里，嘉莉被生活所迫。
而后者让嘉莉意识到她必须实现自己的价值而不是依赖男人。
作者还指出在这个优胜劣汰的世界里，谁能努力地适应这个社会，谁就能活得更长，活的更好。
关键词：自然主义；西奥多德莱赛；嘉莉；欲望Table of contents1. Introduction (1)1.1 Literature review (1)1.2 My purpose of the paper (3)2. Analysis of Carri e’s life (4)2.1Busy about Living (4)2.1.1Bear the rude insult………………………………………………...4.2.1.2Lower payment (5)2.1.3Brother-in-law’s cold attitude (6)2.2To Chase Better Life (7)2.2.1New life with Druoet (7)2.2.2New life with Hurstwood (8)2.3Carrie’s New Career as a Performer (9)2.3.1The reason she abandoned her husband (9)2.3.2Dissatisfaction about her current situation (10)3. The Final Fate of Carrie……………………………………………….…………1. IntroductionAmerican naturalism is evolved from realism when the author’s tone in writing becomes less serious and less sympathetic but more ironic and more pessimistic. It is no more than a gloomy philosophical approach to reality or to human existence. Theodore Dreiser was deeply influenced by Darwinism and Spencer’s evolutionism. He believed that we live in a world composed of matter in motion: such matter makes up the natural process, which is both repeatable and have describable in scientific terms. Spenser said that nature symbolically reflected its inner meaning, so that to read the universe was to read the unfolding of nature and to understand the correspondences that existed between man and the animal world. In the works of Dreiser, American society is a world where people struggled. He totally denied the existence and the influence of morals. He thought in the life, there is no aim, no criterion. Only the survival itself is the finally target. So all morals standard is needless and all fantasy is ridiculous. People’s action is totally controlled by “nature”. According to Spencer’s evolutionism that he thought human beings just are animals without free willing. The living world is a purely physical and mechanistic world. Only the survival and development are the important in the survival of the fittest world (Pizer 65).Theodore Dreiser is the greatest naturalist writer in 20th contrary. His novel Sister Carrie is the one of his masterpiece which has significant meaning in America literature history. But this novel and the main character Carrie are criticized in many different ways. At the beginning of the publishment of this novel, Carrie is blamed as a person who betrays her spirit and body, and abandons her morals. The issues Sister Carrie raised are the typical reflections of the American naturalism (Liu 138). When Dreiser submitted the manuscript to a publisher it was rejected because it was thought likely to offend “the feminine readers who control the destinies of so many works.”Not until 1907, when Sister Carrie was reissued, did it finally reach a sizable reading public and begin to shape the development of American literature. In fact, when people summary the naturalism, Sister Carrie is the first article to be cited andTheodore Dreiser also is the first person to be argued (Ma 221).LuJing in her paper said Dreiser tried to illustrate that people do not have good or bad. There are only the stronger and weaker. Survival of the fittest is the principle of this world. So the environment becomes the determined fact in Sister Carrie. It is circumstance around Carrie drove her to seek money, enjoyment and success, which she cannot control (113). Liu Xiaoyan said from the aspect of Darwinism and Spencer’s “survival of the fittest”Carrie’s raising and Hurstwood’s decline is unalterable principle. From the first day they knew each other their fates have become to change. They are driven by instinct. Hurstwood was attracted by Carrie’s beauty and cannot able to extricate himself; Carrie was at the height of her youth and vigor. Own to her beauty she won men’s love. These truths again proved that one’s success depend on not only the heredity but also the circumstance and chance (22). Liu also said that in many critics they thought Carrie was a bad woman who loose in morals, but in Dreiser’s eyes he did not give words to blame Carrie because he thought these moral principle restrain humans instinct. Carrie stayed with two men one after another was not a debauch behavior but a reasonable result of the nature’s power (23). But Mou Ying a teacher from Nan Jing Normal University said Sister Carrie present an unmoral world. She summarized that the main characters, such as Carrie and Hurstwood all were the victims of material force and environmental force (53). Carrie in the novel is an epitome of Dreiser. She dose rise but she does so by means of male stepladder. She is not a simple gold digger; she is much more complex than that. At first, her goals were all visible: clothes, money, and convenient living room. Later, she was not satisfied with the living necessities. She realized she should conquer a high level world. She also was a typical American image in that who struggled in big cities. (Hu and Liu 300)In this paper, I want to point out that though Carrie was a woman who obeyed the naturalism completely she could not be degenerate. There is an old Chinese saying: to seek fortune in a decent way. Carrie at first depended on Druoet. Later on she met Hurstwood and abandoned the first man. Finally when she became the most popular star in Broadway she then left Hurstwood. I think these facts proved thatCarrie was a irresponsible person. Sometimes her early life was tragedy and I would pay sympathy to her but a successful person could not win a better life by absorbing lager group’s sympathetic. She should be independent by her own talent and capability but not men’s. We all know the American people have a value that they think in America they all have chance to get rid of poverty. But most of them do not know clearly that the treasure and wealthy are related hard working. Depends on others cannot be truly have the better life.Works CitedCao, Man. “Theodore Dreiser.” A Course Book of American Literature. 1st ed.2007.Dreiser, Theodore. Sister Carrie. New York: Ainnont Publishing Company, Inc, 1982.Hu, Yintong and Liu, Shusen. “Theodore Dreiser.” Course in American Literature.Tian Jing: Nan Jing University Press, 2007.Hart, James D. “ Naturalism.” The Oxford Companion to American Literature.1st ed. 2005.“Naturalism(philosophy)” Wikipedia Online. 2010. Wikipedia. 20 Apr. 2010< /wiki/Naturalism_(philosophy)>.“Naturalism_(literature)” Wikipedia online. 2010. Wikipedia. 8 june 2010 < /wiki/Naturalism_(literature)>Perkins, George, and Barbara Perkins, ed. The Tradition in Literature.McGraw-Hill College, 1999.Pizer Donald, ed. New Essays on Sister Carrie. Beijing: Beijing University Press, 2007.Selden, Raman, ed. The Theory of Criticism.London: Longman,1988.Tong, Ming. A History of American Literature. Nanjing: YiLin Press, 2002.刘晓妍. “浅析自然主义在《嘉莉妹妹》中的体现.” 《成都教育学院学报》.7,11 (2001): 22-24.牟英. “《嘉莉妹妹》—一步自然主义的杰作”. 《海南广播电视大学学报》.13, 4 (2003): 52-54.马晓菲. “《嘉莉妹妹》中的自然主义解读”.《辽宁行政学院学报》. 10,6 (2008)：220-221.从人物性格看原著中塑造的嘉莉妹妹是个贪恋都市繁华物质欲望强烈的人但是起码她有进取心且不论手段如何她没有像同时代的大多数女性那样觉得女人是男人的附属品她一直在追求自己事业的成功从她的情人方面看当然主要还是hurstwood 她与他的人生轨迹的刚好是相反的嘉莉是poor-to-rich hurstwood是rich-to-poor 你可以分析讨论下为什么会出现这种情况。