比较状语从句讲解及精选练习(附答案)
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比较状语从句
比较状语从句表达人或事物的属性或特征的不同程度。主要运用于形容词和副词的原级、比较级及最高级的句子之中。原级:as…as(和……一样),not so(as)…as …(和不一样);比较级:more…than(更);最高级:The most…in/of,the + 形容词+est…of/in。
一.原级比较
1.as+原级+as(第一个as是副词,含“如此”的意思,在主句说明所比内容的程度;第二个as是连词,
含“比”或“如此”的意思,引导从句)。例如:
Our classroom is as big as theirs. 我们的课室跟他们的一样大。
I hope you like it as much as I do. 我喜欢你跟我一样喜欢它。
在这种结构中,比较成分的前面常用表示倍数的词如···times(···倍),twice(两倍)等来表示相比较的两个成分相差的倍数,通常译作“像···几倍那样多”,“是···的几倍”。例如:
The speed of sounds in water is about four times as great as in air.声音在水中的速度是空气中的4倍左右。
This book is twice as thin as that one. 这本书的厚度是那本书的二分之一。
2.not so / as ···as(不像···那样,不如)。第一个as/so是副词,在主句中作状语,修饰其后的形容词/副
词;第二个as是连词,引导从句。not so…as比not as…as用得比较普遍。例如:
It is not as easy as you think. 事情并不像你想的那么容易。
The work did not go so smoothly as we hoped. 这工作并不像我们希望的那样顺利。
二.比较级
1. 形容词/副词的比较级+than+被比较的对象。表示两个人或事物在某(些)方面的差别。than是连词,
引导从句。后面被比较对象如果是名词,多用省略形式,省去与主句中相同的部分。
Man grows fast er than the planet he inhabits. 人类成长的速度远比他居住的星球快得多。
注意:①从句中的主语(名词)如果与主句中的主语一致,为了避免重复,常用that代替不可数或某可数名词,用those代替可数复数名词,用one或ones代替可数名词。例如:The result of this experiment is better than that of the last one. 这次实验的结果要比上次好。
The students in our class are more diligent than those in their class. 我们班的学生比他们班的学生用功。
②比较状语从句的动词,如果与主句的谓语动词一致,且为行为动词时,常用do(does,did)代
替,以免重复。例如:
We have produced even more coal this year than we did that year. 我们今年出产煤要比去年出产得更多。
She drives better than her husband does. 她开车开得比她丈夫好。
2.①“no+比较级+than”(不比···多,不少于)。no是副词,在主句中作状语,修饰形容词或副词的比较
级;than是连词,引导从句。例如:
Tom is no less diligent than peter. 汤姆用功不比彼得差。(汤姆和彼得同样用功)
He feels no better today than he did yesterday.他今天的感觉不比昨天好/他今天的感觉跟昨天同样不好。
②“ not more than” 不如… (前者不如后者)
Jack is not more diligent than John. 杰克不如约翰勤奋。
3.句型the···the···(越···越···)。即:从句:the + 比较级···,主句:the + 比较级···The more we study, the more we discover our ignorance. 我们越学习,就越发现自己无知。
主句如果是将来时,从句可用现在时代替将来时。例如:
The longer the treatment is delayed, the worse the prognosis will be. 延误治疗的时间越长,预后越差。三.最高级
1. The most…in/of
This book is the most interesting of the three. 这本书是三本中最有趣的。
2. the + 形容词+est…of/in
This road is the busiest street in our city. 这条路是我们城市最繁忙的街道。
3. one of the + 名词(复数)….之一(用于最高级)
Tom is one of the best students in our school. Tom是我们学校最好的学生之一。
一.填空:
1.He looks ___ _______ ___ a brick wall. (nervous)
2.Drive ___ _______ ___ you can. (safe)
3.His new boss is much ______ ______________ ______ his last. (interesting)
4.The car is running less _____________ ______ it used to. (smoothly)
5.You are ____ _____ ___________ person I’ve met. (annoying)
6.We’ll drive a bit ________ _______ you do, so we’ll get there first. (fast)
7.I like Jack and Tom, but I think Jack is ____ ________ of the two. (nice)
8.You’re far _____ __________ ______ I am. (tolerant)
9.Is your mother any _____ ____________? (relaxed)
10.She’s _____ _______ __________ of the Smith girls. (sensible)
11.Could you come _____ _________ ______ you usually do.
12.Honey is just about ____ _________ _____ sugar. (sweet)
13.Doesn’t Alice look a bit ____ _________ he did last week? (unhappy)
14.What is ______ _________ joke you have ever heard? (funny)