社会冲突理论分析美国种族歧视问题

An Analysis of Racial Discrimination in America by the Social Conflict Theory

社会冲突理论分析美国种族歧视问题

序号：23

姓名:刘敏珍

学号：201122010622

学院：华南农业大学珠江学院

摘要

种族歧视是美国由来已久的问题。若要追溯其开端，在美国还没独立仍是北美英国殖民地时，英国殖民者引进了第一批非洲黑人劳工。他们于1619年在弗吉尼亚殖民地的詹姆斯敦被出卖。自此50年后，北美洲一些地方法律已经确立起黑人奴隶制。奴隶制在存在的两百多年里，不断激化着美国的种族歧视问题。美国奴隶制的这段惨痛历史在美国黑人心中留下不可磨灭的伤害。

在2008年美国的总统大选中，非洲裔美国公民贝拉克·奥巴马击败对手麦

凯恩赢得大选，他成为美国历史上第一位黑人总统。媒体和广大群众都认为奥巴

马的当选可以让他成为美国种族问题的终结者。但实际上，无论美国多次改善黑

人公民的权利制度，甚至选举非洲裔贝拉克·奥巴马担任美国总统，这也不能完

全消除美国白人与黑人间的隔阂问题。

本文将先整合美国的种族歧视历史，对美国种族歧视问题作出全面了解。然

后通过分析贝拉克·奥巴马当任美国总统时期种族歧视的问题,本文致力于找出

奥巴马在解决种族歧视问题上的漏洞，并且探究出种族歧视问题普遍存在的原

因。随后，本文将运用社会心理学相关理论来研究种族歧的本质。最后，通过运

用国内外专家研究出的社会冲突理论来探寻解决美国种族歧视的策略。

关键词：美国；种族歧视；社会学；本质；解决策略

Abstract

The racial discrimination in America has a long history. Traced back to its beginning, the racial discrimination in America came into being in the period when America was the colony of England. These English colonists shipped the first batch of African people to North America as laborers or slaves, who were sold in 1619 in Jamestown settlement in the Colony of Virginia. Since then, some parts in North America had established the slavery legally during 50 years. In its 200-year history, slavery had continuously sharpened the problem over racial discrimination in America, which left the indelible hurt in the heart of Afro-American.

In 2008 president’s general election, Barack Obama won the position of US president against his opponent, John McCain and became the first African-American president in American history. The mass media and the masses all thought that Obama’s success was an end to the racial discrimination. But, whatever the US government had done for improving the right system of the Afro-American citizens and even elected the African-American citizen Barack Obama as US president, these could not solve the problems between the white and the black.

Facing these problems, this thesis firstly integrates the history of the racial discrimination in America, which can provide us with a comprehensive understanding of its history in America. Then, with the analysis of racial discrimination in America under Barack Obama’s Administration, this thesis takes its attention on finding the flaws of solving racial discrimination from Obama. Also, the reasons why the racial discrimination still universally exists in America can be found in this thesis. What’s more, by using the relevant theory of social psychology, this thesis explores the essence of racial discrimination. Finally, based on the social conflict theory which was researched by the scholars at home and abroad, the tactics can be found to solve the American racial discrimination.

Key words: America, racial discrimination, sociology ,essence, tactics