必修一Unit1知识点汇总

必修一Unit 1Friendship
一．重点单词：
1．upset adj.心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的vt.使不安；使心烦(upset; upset) 2．ignore vt.不理睬；忽视→ignorance n．愚昧→ignorant adj.无知的；粗鲁的3．calm vt. & vi.(使)平静；(使)镇定adj.平静的；镇静的；沉着的4．concern vt. & n．(使)担忧；涉及；关系到；担心；关注；(利害)关系→concerned adj.担忧的→concerning prep.关于
5．loose adj.松的；松开的→tight紧的
6．series n．连续；系列
7．outdoors adv.在户外；在野外
8．entire adj.整个的；完全的；全部的
9．power n．能力；力量；权力→powerful adj.有权势的
10．settle vi.安家；定居；停留vt.使安居；安排；解决→settled adj.
→settlement n．安居；定居
11．suffer vt. &vt.遭受；忍受；经历→suffering n．痛苦；折磨
12．recover vi. &vt.痊愈；恢复；重新获得→recovery n．痊愈
13．pack vi. &vt.捆扎；包装；打行李n．小包；包裹
14．exactly adv.确实如此；正是；确切地→exact adj.精确的
15．disagree vi.不同意→disagreement n．→agree 反义词
二．重点词组：
1．add up合计
2．calm down 平静下来；镇定下来
3．have got to 不得不，必须
4．be concerned about 关心，挂念
5．go through 经历；经受
6．set down 放下；记下；登记
7．a series of 一连串的；一系列的
8．on purpose 故意
9．in order to 为了……
10．at dusk 在黄昏时刻
11．face to face 面对面
12．no longer/not any longer 不再
13．suffer from 遭受；患病
14．get/be tired of 对……厌烦
15．pack (sth.) up 将(东西)装箱打包
16．get along with 与……相处；进展
17．fall in love 相爱；爱上
18．join in 参加；加入
三．拓展提升：
1．upset adj. 心烦意乱的；不安的，不适的vt. 使不安；使心烦，打乱(upset; upset)
be upset about 对……感到心烦
It upsets sb. that 让某人心烦的是……
It upsets sb. to do sth. 做……使某人不快
upset the plan 搅乱了计划
(1)I ______ ______ ______ the bad news.
我对那则坏消息感到心烦意乱。

(2)It ______ ______ that he had left without saying goodbye.
他的不辞而别让她心情沮丧。

(3)If the rain keeps falling, it will ______ the whole plan.
如果继续下雨，这将会打乱我们的整个计划。

2．ignore vt. 不理睬；忽视；不顾(强调“装作不知道或没看到”) ignorant adj. 无知的；愚昧的；不知道的
ignorance n. 无知；愚昧；不知道
ignore sb./sth. 不理睬某人/假装不知道或未见
be ignorant of/about sth.＝be in ignorance of sth.不知道某事
(1)She saw him coming but she ________him.
她看见他走来，但没有理睬他。

(2)He is ______ ______ farm life.＝He is ___ _________ ______ farm life.
他对农庄生活一无所知。

3．concern vt. (使)担忧；涉及；关系到n. 担心；关注；(利害)关系concerning prep. 关于
concerned adj. 关心的；挂念的；有关的
show/express concern about/for 对……表示关心/担心
have concern with 和……有关系
with concern 关切地
concern oneself about/for 担忧/关心……
concern oneself with 从事，参与……
concern sb./sth. 与……有关
be concerned about/over/for 关心，挂念
be concerned with/in 牵扯进/参与……
all parties concerned 有关各方
as/so far as... be concerned 就……而言
(1)Don't concern yourself ______ other people's affairs.
别干涉他人的事。

(2)I always concern myself ______ my son's future.
我总是担忧我儿子的将来。

(3)He doesn't bother about things that don't ______ him.
他不关心那些与他无关的事。

(4)As far as ____________，the sooner, the better.
就我而言，越快越好。

(5)________________ your letter, I'm pleased to inform you of what you are interested in.
关于你的信，我乐于奉告你所感兴趣的东西。

4．series n. 系列；连续
a series of一连串的；一系列的
a series of exams 一连串的考试
a TV series 一部电视连续剧
注意：(1)series 属于单复数同形的单词，类似的单词还有means, species, works(工厂)，deer, fish, sheep 等。

(2)“a series of＋复数名词”做主语时，谓语动词用单数，但“these/those
series of＋复数名词”做主语时，谓语动词用复数。

(1)Then began ______ ______ ______ wet days that spoiled our vacation.
之后就是一连串的下雨天，把我们的假期弄得一团糟。

(2)There ______ a series of car accidents at the crossing this morning.
今天早晨在十字路口发生了一连串的交通事故。

5．settle vi. 安家；定居；停留vt. 使定居；安排；解决
settle in/into (使)适应(新的家、工作、环境等)，习惯于；安顿下来
settle down 安居下来；定居，过安定生活，舒适地坐下或躺下
settle on/upon 同意，决定；在某处停留/栖息
settle down to n．/v.－ing
get down to n．/v.－ing开始认真做……，专心于……
settle one's affairs 安排/解决好自己的事情
settle a dispute/an argument 解决争端
(1)She _________ the city after her father's death.
父亲去世后她就在城市里定居了。

(2)They __________________ in a friendly way.
他们友好地解决了他们的争端。

(3)Let's __________________ the work.
我们开始工作。

6．suffer vt.& vi. 遭受；忍受；经历
suffering n. (身体、精神上的)痛苦，苦恼、苦难的经历
suffer pain/loss/defeat/punishment/hardship遭受痛苦/损失/失败/惩罚/艰难
suffer from 受……折磨，受……之苦；患……疾病
(1)They __________ a great loss in the earthquake.
在地震中他们蒙受了巨大损失。

(2)I'll _________ this rudeness no longer.
我再也不能忍受这种粗鲁了。

(3)He's ____________ a bad cold.他正患重感冒。

(4)Wars caused ___________ to this country.
战争给这个国家带来了苦难。

7．recover vi.&vt. 痊愈；恢复；重新获得
recovery n. 恢复，复原；复得
recover from sth. 从……中恢复到正常状态(如健康、神智等)
recover sth. from... 从……中找回、重新获得
recover oneself 清醒过来
recover one's health/senses 恢复健康/知觉
make a slow recovery 缓慢恢复
(1)Liu Xiang is still _______________ his operation.
手术后，刘翔仍在恢复之中。

(2)He seemed upset but quickly ___________________.
他显得心烦意乱，但很快静下心来。

(3)He has ______ a slow ____________ the strain.
他慢慢从紧张中恢复过来。

8．add up 合计
add sth. up 把……加起来
add up to 加起来共计/达
add...to... 把……加在/上……
add to 增加；增添
add that...补充说
(1)Can you ______ these figures ______？
你能把这些数字加起来吗？
(2)All these figures _______________ 5 000.
所有这些数字加起来共计5 000。

(3)He ______ some sugar ______ the coffee.
他给咖啡里加了些糖。

(4)The bad weather ____________ our difficulty.
坏天气增加了我们的困难。

(5)He ______ that he was satisfied with the talk.
他补充说他对会谈很满意。

9．go through
＝experience 经历，经受
＝examine carefully 仔细检查
＝look through 浏览，翻阅
＝pass (through) 通过，经过
＝be used up 用完
写出下列各句中go through 的意思。

(1)We went through hardships while working on this project.________________
(2)The teacher has gone through all the papers of the students. ____________
(3)He has the habit of going through morning papers after getting up.________________
(4)It took us three days to go through the forest.____________
(5)I've gone through my ink.______________
拓展：break through 冲破
get through 完成，通过
live through 活过……
look through 浏览
cut through 穿过，抄近路
put through 接通电话
10．set down
(1)＝write down 写下，记下
(2)＝put down 放下，搁下
(3)＝stop and allow sb. to get off 让某人下车
(4)＝explain or describe to oneself as 解释为，认为(与as 连用)
(1)Why don't you ______ your ideas ______ on paper?
为什么你不把你的想法写在纸上呢？
(2)______ that heavy bag ______ to have a rest.
把那沉重的袋子放下，休息一会儿。

(3)Please ______ me ______ at the next corner.
请在下一个拐角处让我下车。

(4)I ______ the man ______ as a salesman.
我认为那个人是位售货员。

拓展：set about doing sth.开始着手做某事
set out(to do sth)出发；开始（着手做）
set off开始；出发；引爆
set up建立，创设，开办
set back把(钟表指针)往回拨,抑制阻碍（setbacks 困难挫折）
set aside留出；把……放置一边（对其不管不顾）
set free释放；解放
set (sb.) a good example(for sb)为……树立好榜样
11．in order to 为了……
(1)in order to= so as to（不放句首）引导的目的状语
(2)否定结构：in order not to do 和so as not to do 以免
(3)前后两部分主语一致时，才能用in order to 或so asto 来引导，否则，改用so that 或in order that 来引导。

翻译句子。

(1)为了看清楚，我戴上了眼镜。

____________________
(2)为了不丢掉工作，她向老板说了谎。

_______________
12．get along/on with与……相处，进展(谈及或问及工作情况)
get along/on well/nicely with与....相处好，进展顺利
(1)How is the work ____________？
工作进展如何？
(2)How are you __________________ your studies?
你功课学得怎样？
(3)Selfish men are hard to __________________.
自私的人很难相处。

13. calm/quiet/still/silent
这几个词都与“静”有关，但它们所描述的物体、场合是不同的。

(1)calm常指“天气平静，无风；海无浪；镇定，无忧虑；镇定自若”，强调外表的平静。

(2)quiet表示“静止的；安静的；不激动，没有烦恼、忧虑的”，强调没有干扰，没有兴奋活动或闹声的“宁静”或“心神安逸”。

(3)still表示“静止不动的/地”“平静的/地”，突出不发出动作。

(4)silent表示“声音极小的，沉默的，寡言的”。

(1)Ask the children to make less noise and keep ______.
(2)Although she was frightened, she answered in a ______ voice.
(3)John is a ______，thoughtful boy.
(4)Please stand ______ while I am ready to take the photograph.
14. power/right/strength/force/energy
(1)power主要指做事所依靠的能力、功能，也可指人或机器等事物潜在的或发挥出来的力量，还可指职权、权力或政权。

(2)right指“权利”。

(3)strength指固有的潜力。

说人时，指“体力”，说物时，指“强度”。

(4)force主要指自然界的力量；暴力、势力以及法律、道德或感情的力量；军事力量等。

(5)energy主要指人的精力或自然界中的能源。

(1)You’ll need to apply all your ______ to this job.
(2)You have no ______ to treat me like this.
(3)Congress has ______ to declare war.
(4)The ______ of the explosion broke all the windows.
(5)A washing machine is a saver of time and ________.
15. join in/take part in/attend/join
(1)join in指参加正在进行着的活动，如游戏、讨论、辩论、谈话等。

也可用join sb. in doing sth.。

(2)take part in指参加会议或群众性活动，并在其中发挥一定的作用。

part 前若有修饰语，要加不定冠词。

(3)attend正式用语，指参加会议、仪式、婚礼、上课、上学、听报告等，重在强调“参与”的动作，不强调参加者的作用。

(4)join指参加某组织或团体，并成为其一员。

其宾语往往是the army/Party/team/club/sb.。

(1)Would you ______ us ______ the game?
(2)All the students ______________________ school activities.
(3)There are many people __________ the meeting.
(4)My brother ______ the army last year.
16．连词＋doing/done
(1)Though ______ money, his parents managed to send him to university. A．lacked B．lacking of C．lacking D．lacked in
(2)While ______ the book on the top shelf, you need to be very careful.
A．to reach B．reaching
C．reach D．are reaching
(3)Generally speaking, ______ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. A．when taking B．when taken
C．when to take D．when to be taken
(4)The research is so designed that once ______ nothing can be done to change it. A．begins B．having begun
C．beginning D．begun
四．重点句型：
1．While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.
你在遛狗的时候不小心让狗松脱了，接着它被一辆小车撞着了。

While walking the dog＝While you were walking the dog，这是状语从句的省略。

在when, while, if, as if, though, as, where, unless等连词(词组)引导的状语从句中，如果谓语动词有be，而主语又跟主句的主语相同或为it时，则从句的主语和be 常常省略。

①When (I was) in Japan, I took many beautiful pictures.
在日本时，我拍了许多漂亮的照片。

②While (I was) waiting, I read newspapers.
我边等待，边看报纸。

③If (it were) not for you, we would not go there.
要不是为你，我们就不会去那儿了。

④He looks as if (he were) drunk.他看上去像喝醉了。

⑤She went on working though (she was) exhausted.
尽管她精疲力竭，但仍继续工作。

⑥Fill in the blanks with the given words; change the form where (it is) necessary.
用所给词填空，必要的地方改变形式。

⑦I won't go unless (I'm) invited.
除非被邀请，否则我不会去。

When first ______ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. A．introducing B．introduced
C．introduce D．being introduced
2．...tell him/her that he/she should have studied...
……告诉他/她本该学习……
should have done结构表示过去应该做某事而事实上没有做；而shouldn't have done则表示过去本不该做某事而实际上却做了，两者皆含有“责备”的口吻。

①You should have finished your homework yesterday.
你昨天就该做完作业。

②You shouldn't have told him about it.
你本来不应该告诉他这件事情。

拓展：其他“情态动词＋have＋done”结构：
(1)must have done对过去发生的事情的肯定推测。

“一定……”。

(2)can't/couldn't have done对过去发生的事情的否定推测。

“不可能……”。

(3)needn't have done过去没有必要做却做了。

“本来没必要做……”。

(4)ought (not) to have done＝should (not) have done “本（不）应该做……’’
(5)might/may have done过去可能做了某事(可能性小)。

“可能做了……”。

(6)could have done过去本可能做而未做。

“本来能做……”。

(7)would have done愿意做某事却不能做。

“本来想要做……”。

Oh, I'm not feeling well in the stomach. I ______ so much fried chicken just now. A．shouldn't eat B．mustn't have eaten C．shouldn't have eaten D．mustn't eat
3．...it was the first time in a year and a half that I'd seen the night face to face... ……这是我一年半以来第一次观察夜晚……
It is/was the first time(that)．..这是一个固定句式，it可换成this或that; first可换成second, third等，以表达不同的意义。

①This is the fourth time she's rung you in a week.
这是她一周内第四次给你打电话。

②It was the second time that he had been out with her alone.
这是他第二次单独跟她外出。

③It will be the second time that I have got the prize.
那将是我第二次获得该奖。

提示：(1)It is the first time that...后接现在完成时；It was the first time that...后接过去完成时；It will be the first time that...后接现在完成时。

(2)the first time可起从属连词作用，引导时间状语从句。

The first time I saw her, my heart stopped.
我第一次见到她时，心脏都停止了跳动。

(3)for the first time意为“第一次”，单独用做状语。

He was cheated for the first time.
他第一次被骗了。

—Have you ever been here before?
—No. This is the first time that I ______ to the Great Wall.
A．comes B．have been
C．came D．had come
4．Mother asked her if/whether she was very hot with so many clothes on.
妈妈问她穿这么多衣服是不是很热。

“with＋n.＋形容词/副词/介词短语/分词/动词不定式”这种结构在句中经常做状语，表示原因、方式或伴随状态。

如果分词的动作与前面的名词是主动关系，用现在分词；如果是被动关系，则用过去分词；如果表示一个未来的动作就用不定式。

①He lay on his back, with his eyes looking up into the sky.
他躺着，眼瞅着天空。

②With his homework done, he went out to play.
完成作业，他就出去玩了。

③With the guide to lead us, we'll have no difficulty finding his house.
有导游带路，我们将不费力地找到他家。

④He came in, with a book in his hand.
他手里拿着一本书走了进来。

⑤He is used to sleeping with the windows open.
他已经习惯了开着窗户睡觉。

⑥He often sleeps with the light on.
他经常开着灯睡觉。

______ five minutes ______ before the last bus left, we arrived at the station. A．There were; go B．With; to go
C．It was; left D．It had; left
5. I don’t set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do … 我不愿意像大多数人那样在日记中记流水帐……
as引导的从句为比较状语从句，意为“像大多数人那么做”。

as 用作连词，可引导下列状语从句：
1). 引导状语从句，强调主句谓语动词与从句谓语的同时性
As he grew older he lost interest in everything except gardening.
随着他年纪越来越大，他失去了对所有事物的兴趣，除了园艺。

2). 引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管，虽然，即使”（从句需倒装）
Cold as it is, my brother wears only a shirt. 尽管天气冷，我哥只穿了一件衬衫。

3). 引导方式状语从句，表示“以……方式”。

Why didn’t you take the medicine as I told you to? 为什么你没有按我说的服这药？
4). 引导原因状语从句(=since; because)，“由于，因为”。

As you were not there, I left a message. 因为当时你不在那，所以我给你留了便条。

5) 引导比较状语从句。

She is as tall as you. 她和你一样高。

6．I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.
我不知道这是不是因为我长时间无法出门的缘故，使我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都那样狂热。

7．I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. (定语从句) 我记得非常清楚，以前，湛蓝的天空，鸟儿的歌唱，月光和鲜花，从未令我心迷神往过。

自从我来到这里，这一切都变了。

am upset about upset her upset
ignored ignorant of in ignorance of
with about concern I’m concerned Concerning
a series of was
settled in settled their quarrel settle down to
suffered suffer suffering from suffering
recovering from recovered himself made recovery from
add up add up to added to added to added
set down Set down set down set down
经历；经受仔细检查浏览，翻阅通过，穿过用完
答案：(1)In order to see it clearly, I put on my glasses. ＝I put on my glasses in order to see it clearly. ＝I put on my glasses so as to see it clearly.＝I put on my glasses to see it clearly.＝To see it clearly I put on my glasses.
(2)In order not to lose the job, she lied to the boss.
getting along getting along with get along with
quiet calm silent still
energy right power force strength
join in took an active part in attending joined
解析：当从句的主语和主句的主语相同时，且从句的谓语是be动词时，可以省略从句主语和be动词，本句补全应该为：Though(they were) lacking...
答案：C
解析：reach和you是主谓关系，要用现在分词做状语。

答案：B
解析：take和drug是动宾关系，要用过去分词做状语。

可看做是when it is taken 的省略。

答案：B
解析：考查过去分词补充成条件状语从句的用法。

句子应为once (the research is) begun。

答案：D
解析：将从句补全应为When these products were first introduced to the market，主从句主语一致且从句中有be，可以省略主语和be。

答案：B
解析：由just now可知，本题谈论过去之事。

谈论过去之事，在should或must 之后接不定式的完成式。

must表示推测只用于肯定句中，shouldn’t have done表说话之前不应该做某事，但事实上却做了，含有责备的口气。

答案：C
解析：This is the first time that...之后的从句需要用现在完成时态。

答案：B
解析：本题考查with的复合结构，即“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”。

本题用不定式做宾补表示将来的动作。

句意：在最后一班公交车离开的前五分钟，我们到了车站。

答案：B。