高考短文改错解题技巧[1]

高考短文改错解题技巧

一、做短文改错题基本步骤

1、改前通读，强化语篇意识。在着手改错之前一定要快速阅读全文，切忌拿来就改。只有站在语篇的高度上，通篇解读全文，了解短文大意，才能贯通短文改错上下文，找出与语篇有关的错误并进行有效的改正。

2、改中细读，注意语法、词汇错误。在纠错时要仔细地读懂每一个句子，因为只有站在完整句子的角度，才能发现其中的错误。由于多数句子不是只占一行，所以只有读完整个句子，仔细分析，才能发现错误、纠正错误。

3、改后复读，纠正失误，减少差错。做完短文改错后将答案放回原文，再重读全文，其目的主要是查看有无不符合逻辑，语句不通畅，不符合英语习惯的问题。改后复读，往往会发现那些在通读与细读中不曾发现的问题或作出的误改。

二、短文改错总的来讲可以遵循以下口诀：

动词形，名词数；还要注意形和副；

非谓语，细辨别；介词、短语要牢记；

代词格，细领悟；句子成分多分析；

冠词连词常光顾；逻辑错误须关注。

1、名词：名词考点主要涉及名词的单复数问题，即在该用复数的地方误用其单数，或在该用单数的地方误用其复数。另外还有名词的可数和不可数，名词作定语等情况例如：（1）We stopped to rest for a while and to drink some waters from a stream.

（2）They were eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of question.

2、代词：短文改错对代词的考查主要涉及人称代词的前后一致性(包括指代的一致性和单复数的一致性)、人称代词的主格与宾语变化、各类代词的误加与漏用(尤其是一些易受汉语影响的结构)、某些不定代词的用法(尤其是在意思上用错)、代词在某些习语中的用法等。例如：

(1) David pointed to a path which it he thought would probably lead to a village.

(2) The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.

3、冠词：对冠词的考查主要涉及冠词的误加和漏用，有时也考查不定冠词与定冠词以及零冠词的用法区别(包括 a 与an 的区别)。其中，涉及最多的是，当一个单数可数名词表示泛指时，其前漏用不定冠词；另外，冠词在一些习语中的用法也是一个重要考点。例如：

(1) After a hour or so we began to feel very frightened.

(2) I decided to climb the tree to see where we were.

(3) Good health is person’s most valuable possession.

.

4、形容词/副词：形容词与副词的考查主要涉及形容词和副词比较等级的误用(尤其是在本身已是比较级的词前误加more)、形容词与副词的混用(如修饰动词时误用形容词或修饰名词时误用副词)等，另外，用作表语时该用形容词的却误用了名词、简短副词(如in, down 等)的误加与漏用、涉及形容词搭配的as…as 结构、how 与what 的混用等也是常考的考点。

(1) After an hour or so we began to feel very frightening.

(2) Last Sunday, police cars hurry to the taller building in New York.

(3) As a result, people in the modern world generally live much more longer than people in the past.

5、介词：介词的考查主要涉及在及物动词后接宾语时误加介词和在不及物动词后接宾语时漏加介词、可直接用作状语的副词短语前误加介词、介词与其他词的常用搭配、常用介词的

基本用法、习语中的介词用法等。例如：

(1) Bill insisted in staying near the car. (2) When they came down the police were angry to them.

(3) Most people can quickly get for help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill.

6、并列连词：短文改错对并列连词的考查主要涉及and, but, or, so 等几个表示并列、转折、选择、因果等关系的词语。严格说来，这类错误主要属于行文逻辑的错误。例如：

(1) We tried to fix it and there was nothing we could do.

(2) I told Mother, Father, Sister, all my friends here what a great time I had.

(3) It is a very important exam but I can’t afford to fail it.

(4) It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest.

(5) I’m the captain of our school team so with my fellow players we’ve won several games. 7、动词：除动词时态与非谓语动词之外的动词考点，它包括被动语态、情态动词、动词形式的变化、动词用法辨析、动词be 的误加与漏用等。

(1) Charles and Linda were seeing near the top of the building.

(2) They eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of questions.

8、时态：动词时态考点主要涉及一般现在时与一般过去的区别，其命题方式通常是在一个一般现在时的背景下误用某个一般过去时；或者反过来，在一个一般过去时的背景下误用某个一般现在时。从所涉及的动词来看，主要涉及be 和have两个常用动词。例如：

(1) We were driving along a narrow road when the car stop…

(2) Also, scientists and doctors had learned how to deal with many diseases

(3) If the book you will want is out, you may ask for it to be called back for you.

9、非谓语动词：短文改错对非谓语动词的考查主要涉及不定式符号to 的有无，介词后该使用动词的什么形式(用动名词)，并列结构中几个非谓语动词是否一致，动词用作主语时用何种形式(可用动名词或不定式，但不能用动词原形)等。

(1) David and I wanted go off to find help but Bill insisted on staying near the car.

(2) …rather t han go into the forest and getting lost.

(3)…you pay the cost of send a postcard, the librarian will write to you.

10、从句：短文改错对从句引导词的考查主要涉及根据句意正确选用引导词、引导词的误加与漏用、将不是从句的东西误认为是从句而误加引导词等。

(1) In the last five years that they’ve climbed churches, high bu ildings and television towers.

(2) Charles said, “As soon I see a really tall building, I want to climb it.

(3) Most people can quickly get help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill. 11、主谓一致：英语中的一致问题涉及多个方面，如主谓一致、人称的一致、并列结构的前后一致等。由于人称的一致已归入“代词”考点、并列结构的前后一致已分别归入非谓语动词、时态等，所以这里只归纳主谓一致问题。

(1) Playing football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair

play and team spirit.

(2) Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library.

(3) But then there is always more mysteries to look into.

(4) But not all information are good to society.

12、缺词考点：与多词错误的情形相似，漏词也主要涉及英语中一些“小”词，如冠词、介词、不定式符号、人称代词、动词be等。具体说来，漏词错误可能涉及的问题有：不及物动词后接宾语时漏加必要的介词，在该带不定式符号to的地方漏加to，在单数可数名词表示泛指意义时漏加必要的限定词(尤其是漏加不定冠词)，漏掉表特指的定冠词，漏掉被动语态中