阅读理解之细节理解

Rosa Parks(1913－2005) On December 1,1955, in Montgomery, Alabama， Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger.Her simple act landed Parks in prison.But it also set off the Montgmery bus boycott.It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civilrights movement. “The only tired I was, was tired of giving in,” said Parks. 1. “civil -rights”可将 1细节理解题。首先根据题干中的 ．Who made a great contribution to the 答案锁定在 Parks” “Her civilrights “Rosa movement in 一栏中；根据本段中的 the US? simple act landed Parks in prison...and kicked off the A．Jane Addams. B．Rachel Carson. civil-rights movement.”可知，它导致了蒙哥马利巴士 C．Sandra Day O’Connor. D．Rosa Parks. 抵制运动，这场运动持续了一年多，开始了民权运动， 故选D项，是Rosa Parks对美国的民权运动做出了很 大贡献。
2.细节理解题。 B项中的“her teaching skills”和文中提到的 “promoting education”都与“教育”相关，但文中 未提及her teaching skills(她的教学技能)，只是谈到了 promoting education(促进教育)，属于“无中生有”和 “偷换概念”；根据文中对细节的理解，Jane Addams 获得了诺贝尔和平奖，但她不是因努力去获奖而出名 的，而且她也并非为了获奖才付出努力，故C项错误； D项中的“community”在文中多次出现，但 “community background”是对“a sense of community”的“偷换概念”，故D项错误。
考纲解读
英语
考情精解读 1
阅读理解 细节理解题
考纲 高考示例(原 高考考点 考查频度 命题趋向 内容 题号) 命题规律 对细节理解的语义转换 命题趋势 既针对文章中某一特定 设问方式 2016 全国Ⅰ 间接细 的细节,也涉及若干个细 22 全国Ⅱ 节(归 节;数字计算要求通过计 年5 考 54年 13 考 算,得出正确结论。先后 事实 纳概括 31 2015 全国Ⅱ ★★★★☆ 排序要求根据动作发生 细节 或简单 3 推断后 2014 全国Ⅰ 的顺序,找出事件发生的 得到) 21、29 顺序。综合信息整合判 断和语义转换是非判断 将是今后命题的趋势
考纲解读
英语
考情精解读 1
阅读理解 细节理解题
考纲解读
命题规律 命题趋势
全国卷设问形式 (1)Where can you buy a souvenir at Pacific
Science Center? (2017年课标全国卷Ⅰ)
(2)Why was the author called to Muttontown? (2017年课标全国卷Ⅰ) (3)Who can help you if you want to have your music produced？(2016年课标全国卷Ⅱ)
节的理解，一般对文中已提到的事物、现象
或理论进行发问，通过语句的同义或反义转
换来考查考生对语篇的理解能力。
英语
考情精解读 1
阅读理解 细节理解题
考纲 高考考点 高考示例(原题号) 考查频度 命题趋向 内容 命题规律 2017 全国Ⅰ25、26 命题趋势 全国Ⅱ21、22、23 纵观近五年高考, 设问方式 全国Ⅲ21、22、23 细节理解题考查 直接细 2016 全国Ⅰ23、 对事实细节的客 节(直 26、27、30、31、 54年 观理解,命题人通 年26 36 考 事实 接从文 34 全国Ⅱ21、 22、 考 常通过再现原文、 细节 章中的 ★★★★★ 24、25 对原文进行改写、 信息获 2015 全国Ⅰ 21、 对原文中复杂语 取) 26 全国Ⅱ 5、7 言现象进行简化 2014 全国Ⅰ22、 等方法来命题。 26、32、34
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2.细节理解题。根据Sandra Day O'Connor下的第一句 When Sandra Day O'Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School...可知，她在斯坦福大学法学院受 过教育，并非缺少正规的法律培训，颠倒是非，故A错； 文中未提及她在法庭上工作经验少，无中生有，故B错； 根据...she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.可知，她没能在法律事务所找到工作，是 因为她是一名女性，这与C项“对于女性的歧视”相符， 故选C项；文中未提及她的经济状况，无中生有，故D错。
题干定 位法
先看问题，记住关键词，如人物、时间、事件、地点等，
然后带着问题阅读文章，快速定位有效信息，有的放矢。
Jane Addams(1860－1935) Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.(Addams helped the poor and worked for peace.She encouraged a sense of community (社区) by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need.)In 1931，Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.
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技法点拨
1.直接信息题——题干定位法
细节的直接辨认不要求读者对客观的事实作解释或判断，只要 求他们从阅读材料中直接获取信息。 认真阅读题干，根据关键词明确答题方向。 运用略读及寻读技巧迅速找到文中与问题的相关信息。 仔细比较所给选项，与原文信息对应，锁定正确选项。 [名师点津] 此类题目适合寻读法，带着问题找句子，即
Rachel Carson(1907－1964) If it weren’t for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today.Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world’s lakes and oceans. Sandra Day O’Connor(1930－present) When Sandra Day O’Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.She became an Arizona state senator(参议员)and, in 1981, the first woman to join the U．S.Supreme Court.O’Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.
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无中生有 2．What is Jane Addams noted for in history? 偷换概念 A．Her social work. B．Her teaching skills. 偷换概念 C．Her efforts to win a prize. D．Her community background.
息;根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义;做出
判断和推理;理解文章的基本结构;理解作者
的意图、观点和态度。
英语
考情精解读 1
阅读理解 细节理解题
考纲解读
命题规律
命题趋势 设问方式
其中，细节理解题是高考英语阅读理解考 查的重点题型之一，其分值所占比例高达 50%，所以如何拿下这“半壁江山”显得尤 为重要。细节理解题主要考查考生对文章细
设问方式
(4)What does the author advise nurses to do
about silence？(2016年课标全国卷Ⅰ) (5)When is the talk on James Brindley？
(2015年课标全国卷Ⅰ)
题型全突破
2016· 全国I卷阅读理解A You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson.Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years? Jane Addams(1860－1935) Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.Addams helped the poor and worked for peace.She encouraged a sense of community (社区) by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need.In 1931，Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.
Sandra Day O’Connor(1930－present) When Sandra Day O’Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator(参议员)and, in 1981, the first woman to join the U．S.Supreme Court.O’Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court. 颠倒是非 3．What is the reason for O’Connor’s being rejected by the law firm? A．Her lack of proper training in law. B．Her little work experience in court. C．The discrimination against women. D．The poor financial conditions.
英语
考情精解读 1
阅读理解 细节理解题
考纲解读
命题规律
命题趋势 设问方式
1.阅读理解旨在考查考生理解不同题材和 体裁的书面材料以及从中获取信息的能力。
2.要求考生能读懂有关日常生活的简短文字
材ຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidu,例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报纸、
杂志中关于一般性话题简短文段。
3.考生应能:理解主旨要义;理解文中具体信