会计英语名词解释

1、 assets（资产）：economic resources owned by the business that will benefit future operations.GAAP requires they are valued at cost,not market value.
2、 Liabilities(负债):liabilities refer to the past transactions,the current obligations formed through the fulfillment of the duty will be outflow of economic benefits. are debets,the person or persons to whom they are owed are called creditors.
3、Shareholders’ (所有者权益)：Creditors have legal priority over the owners’claims.the shareholders’equity equity is the residual amount.
4、 Revenues(收入)：are increases in stockholders’equity resulting from the costs of selling
goods,rending services or performing other business activities 5、 Expenses(费用)：are decreases in stockholders’equity resulting from the costs of selling
goods,rending services er performing other business activities.
6、 Balance sheet(资产
负债表)：is a listing of
a company’s assets,
liabilities and
owners’ equity on a
given date.it is
designed to portray the
financial position of
the company at a
particular time.
7、 Statement of
owner’s equity(所有者
权益表)：shows the
changes take place in
the owner’s capital
during a period of time
net income or not
loss.withdrawals,and
owner’s investment for
a business.
8、 Cash flow
statement(现金流量
表)：reports cash
receipt and payments as
well as cash inflows and
actflows in three
groups:operating
activites.investing
activites.and financing
activites.
9、 The income
statement(利润表)：
reports the net income
or ner less for the
income:
revenues-expenses.
10、Accrual accounting
（权责发生制）：
requires adjustment for
prepaid unearned and
accrued items
thereforeit reports
revenues when earnedand
expenses when the
expiration of benefit
incurred.
11、matching rule(配比
原则)： revenues and
expenses must be
allocated to the period
in which they were
actually created.
12.going concern
principle(持续经营)：
users of financial
statements assume that
the records reflect the
business is going to
continue its
operations as opposed
to being closed or sold
unless information is
provided to the
contrary . assumes
that a business will
continue for an
indefinite period.
13. time period
principle(会计期间)：
an entity’s activities
are divided into
specific time
periods.such as a
year,and reported on
that basis.
14. full disclosure(充
分批露原则)：financial
statements must report
all relevant
information about the
operations and
financial position of
the entity
15.Consistency
principle(一致性原
则)：an entry must use
the same accounting
methods period after
period so that the
financial statements of
succeeding period will
be comparable.
16.materiality
principle(重要性原
则)：an amount may be
ignored if its affect on
the financial
statements is not
important to its users.
17.conservatism
principle(稳健性原
则)：the least
optimistic estimate
should be selected when
two estimates of amounts
to be received or paid
are about equality
likely;it is better to
understate than over
values. 18.busniness
entity principle(会计
主体)：each entity must
keep accounting records
and people reports that
are distinct from those
of the owner and any
other entity.
19. objectivity
principle：（客观性原
则）：transactions must
be recorded based on
independent,unbiased,
and verifiable evidence
20.cost principle(成本
原则) ： all
transactions are
recorded based on the
cash amount received or
paid
21 monetary unit
principle(货币计量)：
transactions are
recorded based on common
currency and not but
adjusted for changes
in value
22 time period
principle (会计分期)：
an entity’s
activities are divided into specific time periods, such as a year,and reported on that basis
23 revenue recognition principle(收入确认)：revenue and related expenses are recorded when realized
regardless of when cash is actually paid
24 balance sheet (资产
负债表)：the balance sheet lists all assets, liabilities, and owner’s equity as of a specific date of an business entity . the balance sheet shows that assets equal the sum of liabilities and owner’s equity.
25 income statement(利
润表)：the income statement lists revenues and expenses and shows net income or net loss for a period of time, such as a month, or a year.
26statement of owner’s equity(留存收益表)：the statement of owner’s equity shows the changes take place in the owners capital during a period of time from net income or net loss, withdrawals, and owner’s investment
for a business.
27 Cash flow statement (现金流量表) the cash flow statement reports cash receipts and payments as well as cash inflows and outflows in three groups: operating activities, investing activities and financing activities.
The accounting cycle
1journalize
transactions
2post to the ledger
3 prepare trial balance
4 make adjustment
5prepare adjustment
trial balance
6prepare financial statements
7journalize and post closing entries
8 repare post-closing
trial balance。