现在完成时课件

=Five years has passed since I joined the army.
（一）现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的 某一动作对现在产生的影响或结果，强 调的是现在的情况。所以它不能和表示 过去时间状语连用；而一般过去时只单 纯表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发 生关系，可以和表示过去的时间状语连 用。
be up
be awake be asleep be in=be a member of be in/at
have /has been to，have / has gone to， have / has been in的用法区别
1 “ Have /has been to+地名 ”表示曾经去过某地， 说话时已经回到说话地点，常与once 、twice、ever、 never 等时间连用。 2 “ have / has gone to +地名 ”表示去某地了，现在 没有回答，人不在说话地点。 3 “ have / has been in +地名 ”表示“在某地”。指 一种存在状态 巧记 ： been to ，gone to been in 意不同，三者用 法要记清； have / has been to + 地名，曾经到过某
不规则动词的过去式以及过去分词 巧记规律
• • • •
AAA: put– put –put let—let –let ABA: become—became—become ABB: stand—stood—stood ABC: eat— ate—eaten
AAA
• • • • • cost-cost-cost put-put-put let-let-let beat-beat-beat hurt-hurt-hurt read-read-read cut-cut-cut set-set-set hit-hit-hit spit-spit-spit
（改为否定句和一般疑问句并肯否回答) I have seen him since his wedding day.
→Have you seen him since his wedding day? →I haven’t seen him since his wedding day .
• He has written to me since I have been ill.(改为一般疑问句)
He has lived in Beijing since 1999.
自1999年以来他一直住在北京。 （说明他现在仍然在北京。）
He lived in Bejing Hale Waihona Puke Baidun 1999.
在1999年的时候他在北京住过。 （现在是否住在北京不知道）
用动词的适当形式填空（注意时态）
• 1.--______ pen? (mend) Have you _________your mended • --Yes, I _______. have • --When_______ did you _______ mend it? • --I __________ mended it yesterday. • 2.--How do you like the film? • --Ihaven’t ____________(not see) such a moving film seen • before. • 3.Millie’s sister _______(join) joined the club last week. • So she _________(be) in the club for nearly has been • one week.
3. ever在现在完成时中的用法
肯定句/疑问句 : 句中 “曾经” Eg. I’ve ever been to Beijing. Have you ever been to Beijing?
4. never在现在完成时中的用法
否定句: 句中 “从来没有” Eg. I’ve never been to Beijing.
1. 现在完成时中标志词的用法区别
1.Already
肯定句: 句中(助后实前)/句末 “己经”
一般疑问句: 句末(表示惊讶的语气) “难道”
Eg. I’ve already had breakfast. (更常见) = I’ve had breakfast already.(表示强调) Have you had breakfast already?
注: 有already的句子在时态上并不都是 现在完成时,判断时要看该词后是否有 动词的过去分词. Eg. She’s already eighty years old. It was already very late.
2. yet在现在完成时中的用法
否定句:句末 “还(没)”
疑问句: 句末 “己经” Eg. I haven’t had breakfast yet. Have you had breakfast yet?
3） ABC型(三种都不一样) 如：begin-began-begun grow grew grown ring rang rung break broke broken 4）ABA型(原形与过去分词相同) 如: come-came-come become became become run ran run
现在完成时
The Present Perfect Tense
一、构成: have/has+动词过去分词
二、含义:
(定义一)表示过去发生的动作或事 情对现在的影响和产生的结果 . 它 强调的是过去的动作同现在的联 系.常用的时间状语有 already, yet, ever, never, just, before等.
• 一、原形、过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相 同的单词，结尾字母一般是t或d。 • 特殊：动词read的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与 原形一致，read-read-read，但发音分别是[ri:d][red]-[red]。
ABA
有些动词的过去分词与原形是一样的:
run-ran-run come-came-come become-became-become overcome-overcame-overcome
5. just在现在完成时中的用法 用于句中, 表示“刚刚” Eg. I’ve just had breakfast. What have they just done?
6. before在现在完成时中的用法 用于句末, 表示“以前” Eg. I’ve seen it before. Has she ridden a bike before ?
be on
be over
be dead have a cold be interested in be married
become interested in
get married
瞬间性动词 put on get up wake up fall asleep join arrive/reach
延续性动词 wear
※短暂性动词与 延续动词间的转 换
瞬间性动词 buy borrow come go/leave
延续性动词
5.短暂动词和
have keep be here
延续动词转换
be away (from)
open/close
begin/start end/finish die catch a cold
be open/ be closed
ABB(含规则动词)
原型 -eep -ell 过去式 过去分词 -ept -old -ept -old 例词 keep,sweep,sleep sell,tell
-d -ay
-n -ee-
-t -aid
-nt -e-
-t -aid
-nt -e-
lend,spend,send,build say,pay,lay
地行；
have / has gone to + 地点，到某地去了已走远。 have / has been in +地名， 已经在某地了。
Since句式： It is +一段时间 + since+句子(一般过去时) =一段时间+has passed +since + 句子(一般过去时)
Eg. It is five years since I joined the army.
(定义二) 表示一个从过去开始,一直持续到现 在,有可能继续下去的动作或状态.通 常和for或since引导的时间状语连用.
1.for + 一段时间
Eg. I have been here for 5 weeks. He’s studied English for 3 years.
2. since + (表示过去某一时间的)时间点
→ Has he written to you since you have been ill?
→ He hasn’t written to me since I have been ill
不规则动词原型-过去式-过去分词形式： 1） AAA型(三种都一样) 如：cost cost cost cut cut cut hurt hurt hurt shut shut shut set set set 2）ABB型(过去式与过去分词相同) 如: bring-brought-brought catch caught caught lead led led
Eg. I have lived here for 10 years. How long have you lived here? She has stood here since 2 hour ago. How long has she stood here?
注 3): 短暂性动词不能和 for 或 since 引 导的时间状语连用 , 当然也不能用于 how long引导的问句中. Eg.(误)I have left there for 5 years. (正)I have been away there for 5 years.
注: 带ever的肯定句变否定句时, 要将 ever变成never; 带ever的一般疑问句作 否定回答时可用“No, never.”
Eg. He has ever made dumplings. 否定句: He has never made dumplings. Have they ever travelled by train? No, never.
词组 从句(一般过去时)
Eg. I have been here since 2000. I have been here since 5 years ago.
I have been here since I graduated in 2000.
注 : 对 for 或 since 引导的时间状 语提问 必须用how long, 绝不能 用when.
句式构成
1.肯定句:
S(主语）+have/has(助动词） +PP(过去分词)+(其他）。
2. 否定句:
S ( 语)+have/has+not +PP(过 去分词)+(其他）。
3.一般疑问句
Have/has+ S (主语)+PP(过去分 词)? Yes, S+have/has. No, S+have/hasn’t.
注: 带already的肯定句变成否定句或疑问 句时,将already要变成yet放在句末.
Eg. I have already done my homework.
否定句: I haven’t done my homework yet.
一般疑问句: Have you done your homework yet?
burn,learn,mean meet,feed
-ought
-aught
-ought
-aught
bring,buy,fight,think
catch,teach
ABB(含规则动词)
1.另有一些其它形式的变化。 have (has)-had-had lose-lost-lost feel-felt-felt stand-stood-stood leave-left-left make-made-made spell-spelt-spelt