考研完形填空单词
考研英语：历年完型填空词汇
考研英语：历年完型填空词汇考研英语：历年完型填空词汇supply，provision供应，供应品n./v.supply①n.意为“供应量，储备”，可以是他人提供的或自己储备的Supplies of food are almost exhausted.贮存的食物快吃完了。
②n.可表示提供、供应的动作，为不可数名词the supply of health care医疗服务的提供③v.“供应”，且往往是“大量地提供”，常用~ sb/sth with sth 或~ sth to sb/sthprovision①n.“供应品，给养”，是指被提供的东西housing/educational provision住房/教育的供给②n.同supply②同supply②③n.也指“（为将来做的）准备”，与介词for搭配，常用make ~ for sb/sthTo make provision for things going wrong采取措施，以防不测④v.也指“供应”，但为“给……提供必需品（尤指食物）”，一般用~ sb/sth with sthprocess， progress， procedure进程process指为达到某一目标所经历的过程“to begin the difficult ~ of reforming the education system开始进行教育制度改革的艰难历程progress“进步”，强调改善或提高的过程economic/scientific/technical ~经济的/科学的/技术的进步procedure指过程中经历的具体的程序、手续、步骤Making a complaint is a simple ~.申诉的手续相当简单。
climax， maximum， summit，peak顶峰；最大限度climax1、指事情发展到的最重要、最激动人心的时刻the ~ of his political career他政治生涯的巅峰2、戏剧，音乐等的高潮the powerful ~of this book这本书最精彩的高潮summit多指山的`顶峰，也用于比喻的含义the icy ~s of the Alps阿尔卑斯山冰封的峰顶；at the summit of one's wrath在某人盛怒的时候peak1、指（人或物）最好、最成功、最强等的时刻Traffic reaches its ~ between 8 and 9 in the morning.上午8、9点钟交通达到高峰时期。
考研英语-完形填空-选项考点词1
第001组[A] discard = get rid of something = throw away[B] discern = to understand something by thinking about it carefully[C] disperse = spreads in different directions over a wide area[D] disregard = to ignore something or treat it as unimportant练习：He is too young to be able to ________ between right and wrong.[A] discard [B] discern [C] disperse [D] disregard001#[B] discern第002组[A] critical about = crucial = important[B] indignant at = angry and surprised because you feel insulted or unfairly treated[C] indifferent to = not at all interested in someone or something[D] subject to = be affected by something练习：The Eskimo is perhaps one of the most trusting and considerate of all Indians but seems to be ________ the welfare of his animals.[A] critical about [B] indignant at [C] indifferent to [D] subject to002#[C] indifferent to第003组[A] compelled = force[B] posed = exist in a way that may cause a problem, danger, difficulty etc[C] pressed = push[D] tempted = try to persuade someone to do something by making it seem attractive练习：The chairman of the board ________ on me the unpleasant job of dismissing good workers the firm can no longer afford to employ.[A] compelled [B] posed [C]pressed [D] tempted003#[A] compelled第004组[A] conflict = a state of disagreement[B] confrontation = there is a lot of angry disagreement between two people or groups[C] disturbance = a situation in which people behave violently in public[D] disharmony = disagreement about important things which makes people be unfriendly to each other 练习：Using extremely different decorating schemes in adjoining rooms may result in ________ and lack of unity in style.[A] conflict [B] confrontation [C] disturbance [D] disharmony004# [D] disharmony第005组[A] overturn = turns upside down[B] overtake = 赶上, 追上[C] offset =弥补[D] oppress =压迫；make someone feel unhappy, worried, or uncomfortable练习：However, growth in the fabricated metals industry was able to ________ some of the decline in the iron and steel industry.[A] overturn [B] overtake [C] offset [D] oppress005#[C] offset第006组[A] trifled with = treat someone or something without respect[B] scraped through = 刮, 擦,[C] stumbled upon = 绊倒；蹒跚[D] thirsted for = 渴望练习：My favorite radio song is the one I first heard on a thick 1923 Edison disc I ________ at a garage sale.[A] trifled with [B] scraped through [C] stumbled upon [D] thirsted for006# [C] stumbled upon第007组[A] conforming to = obey a law, rule etc[B] consistent with = always behaving in the same way or having the same attitudes etc – usually used to show approval[C] predominant over = more powerful, more common, or more easily noticed than others练习：Equipment not ________ official safety standards has all been removed from the workshop. [A] conforming to [B] consistent with [C] predominant over [D] providing for007#[A] conforming to第008组[A] contend = compete; argue or state that something is true (=insist)[B] contest = do not accept something or do not agree with it; compete[C] rival= to be as good or important as someone or something else[D] strive=make a great effort to achieve something练习：As an industry, biotechnology stands to ________ electronics in dollar volume and perhaps surpass it in social impact by 2020.[A] contend [B] contest [C] rival [D] strive008# [C] rival第009组[A] autonomy = independence[B] dignity =尊严[C] monopoly = 垄断[D] stability = being steady and not changing练习：The authors of the United States Constitution attempted to establish an effective national government while preserving ________ for the states and liberty for individuals.[A] autonomy [B] dignity [C] monopoly [D] stability009# [A] autonomy第010组[A] precisely = exact, clear, and correct[B] instantly = immediate[C] initially = happening at the beginning[D] exclusively = available or belonging only to particular people, and not shared练习：For three quarters of its span on Earth, life evolved almost ________ as microorganisms.[A] precisely [B] instantly [C] initially [D] exclusively010#[D] exclusively第011组[A] obscure = not well known and usually not very important；difficult to understand[B] obsolete = no longer useful, because something newer and better has been invented[C] optional =可选择的（反义：compulsory）[D] overlapping =重叠练习：The introduction of gunpowder gradually made the bow and arrow ________, particularly in Western Europe.[A] obscure [B] obsolete [C] optional [D] overlapping 011#[B] obsolete第012组[A] spontaneous = something has not been planned or organized, but happens by itself[B] hypothetical = based on a situation that is not real, but that might happen[C] intuitive = based on a feeling rather than on knowledge or facts = instinctive[D] empirical = based on scientific testing or practical experience, not on ideas (反义hypothetical)练习：Whoever formulated the theory of the origin of the universe, it is just ________ and needs proving.[A] spontaneous [B] hypothetical [C] intuitive [D] empirical012#[B] hypothetical第013组[A] bluntly = not sharp; speaking in an honest way even if this upsets people[B] convincingly = making you believe that something is true or right[C] emphatically = expressing an opinion, idea etc in a clear, strong way to show its importance[D] determinedly = having a strong desire to do something, so that you will not let anyone stop you练习：He spoke so ________ that even his opponents were won over by his arguments.[A] bluntly [B] convincingly [C] emphatically [D] determinedly013#[B] convincingly第014组[A] assumption = something that you think is true although you have no definite proof[B] consumption = the amount of energy, oil, electricity etc that is used[C] presumption = something that you think is true because it is very likely[D] resumption = the act of starting an activity again after stopping or being interrupted练习：France’s ________ of nuclear testing in the South Pacific last month triggered political debates and mass demonstrations.[A] assumption [B] consumption [C] presumption [D] resumption014#[D] resumption第015组[A] flared = 闪光; suddenly become angry, violent etc[B] glittered = sparkle = 闪光[C] sparked = be the cause of something, especially trouble or violence = provoke[D] flashed = 闪光练习：The 215-page manuscript, circulated to publishers last October, ________ an outburst of interest.[A] flared [B] glittered [C] sparked [D] flashed015#[C] sparked第016组[A] established on = found[B] affiliated to = join or become connected with a larger group or organization[C] originated from = come from[D] incorporated with = include something as part of a group, system, plan etc练习：The American society is ________ an exceedingly shaky foundation of natural resources, which is connected with the possibility of a worsening environment.[A] established on [B] affiliated to [C] originated from [D] incorporated with016#[A] established on第017组[A] concerned =有关的; worried about something[B] compatible = able to exist or be used together without causing problems[C] considerate =考虑周到的[D] complied = do what you have to do or are asked to do练习：I am not ________ with my roommate but I have to share the room with her, because I have nowhere else to live.[A] concerned [B] compatible [C] considerate [D] complied017#[B] compatible第018组[A] transaction =交易; 处理事务[B] transmission =发射; the process of sending or passing something from one person, place[C] transformation = a complete change in someone or something[D] transition =转变练习：At first, the ________ of color pictures over a long distance seemed impossible, but, with painstaking efforts and at great expense, it became a reality.[A] transaction [B] transmission [C] transformation [D] transition018#[B] transmission 第019组[A] intention = a plan or desire to do something[B] instinct =本能[C] integrity =诚实; 完整性[D] intensity =强烈, 剧烈练习：The mayor is a woman with great ________ and therefore deserves our political and financial support.[A] intention [B] instinct [C] integrity [D] intensity019#[C] integrity第020组[A] speculation = 猜测；投机[B] attribution =归因[C] utilization = use[D] proposition =主张, 建议练习：The English weather defies forecast and hence is a source of interest ________ to everyone. [A] speculation [B] attribution [C] utilization [D] proposition020#[A] speculation第021组[A] renders = cause; give[B] reckons = think or suppose练习：The fact that the golden eagle usually builds its nest on some high cliffs ________ it almost impossible to obtain the eggs or the young birds.[A] renders [B] reckons [C] regards [D] relates021#[A] renders第022组[A] swift = happening or done quickly and immediately[B] instant = immediate[C] timely = done or happening at exactly the right time[D] punctual = on time练习：To impress a future employer, one should dress neatly, be ________, and display interest in the job.[A] swift [B] instant [C] timely [D] punctual022#[D] punctual = on time第023组[A] excessive = much more than is reasonable or necessary[B] optional =可选择的(反义compulsory)[D] arbitrary = decided or arranged without any reason or plan, often unfairly练习：You don’t have to install this radio in your new car, it’s an ________ extra.[A] excessive [B] optional [C] additional [D] arbitrary023#[B] optional第024组[A] stimulate = encourage or help an activity to begin or develop further（反义suppress）[B] renovate = repair a building or old furniture so that it is in good condition again[C] arouse = wake 唤醒[D] advocate = to publicly support练习：An important property of a scientific theory is its ability to ________ further research and further thinking about a particular topic.[A] stimulate [B] renovate [C] arouse [D] advocate024#[A] stimulate第025组[A] distribution = sharing things among a large group of people in a planned way[C] combination = put together[D] assignment =任务练习：In education there should be a good ________ among the branches of knowledge that contribute to effective thinking and wise judgment.[A] distribution [B] balance [C] combination [D] assignment025#[B] balance第026组[A] plausible = reasonable and likely to be true or successful[B] patriotic =爱国的[C] primitive = 远古的,简单的(反义advanced , modern)[D]partial= not complete；unfairly supporting one person or one group against another （反义impartial）练习：The American dream is most ________ during the periods of productivity and wealth generated by American capitalism.[A] plausible [B] patriotic [C] primitive [D] partial026#[A] plausible第027组[B] temporary = continuing for only a limited period of time （反义permanent）[C] prevalent = common at a particular time, in a particular place, or among a particular group of people[D] segmental =部分的练习：Poverty is not ________ in most cities although, perhaps because of the crowded conditions in certain areas, it is more visible there.[A] rare [B] temporary [C] prevalent [D] segmental027#[C] prevalent第028组[A] densely = made of or containing a lot of things or people that are very close together = thick[B] intensely = having a very strong effect or felt very strongly[C] abundantly = available in large quantities so that there is more than enough （反义scarce）练习：People who live in small towns often seem more friendly than those living in ________ populated areas.[A] densely [B] intensely [C] abundantly [D] highly028#[A] densely第029组[A] interference = deliberately get involved in a situation where you are not wanted or needed[B] interruption = stop someone from continuing what they are saying or doing by suddenly speaking to them, making a noise etc[C] intervention = become involved in an argument, fight, or other difficult situation in order to change what happens[D] interaction = two or more things affect each other; talking to other people, working together with them etc练习：An increasing proportion of our population, unable to live without advanced medical ________, will become progressively more reliant on expensive technology.[A] interference [B] interruption [C] intervention [D] interaction029#[C] intervention第030组[B] category = a group of people or things that are all of the same type[C] domain = an area of activity, interest, or knowledge[D] scope = the range of things练习：These causes produced the great change in the country that modernized the ________ of higher education from the mid-1860’s to the mid-1880’s.[A] branch [B] category [C] domain [D] scope030#[C] domain第031组[A] shallowness = 反义deep[B] shakiness = weak and unsteady[C] scantiness = not enough[D] stiffness = firm, hard, or difficult to bend练习：Nobody yet knows how long and how seriously the ________ in the financial system will drag down the economy.[A] shallowness [B] shakiness [C] scantiness [D] stiffness031#[B] shakiness第032组[A] minimization = 最小化；make something seem less serious or important than it really is = play down[B] restriction = a rule or law that limits or controls what people can do[C] descent = the process of going down （反义ascent）[D] decline = decrease; refuse练习：Crisis would be the right term to describe the ________ in many animal species.[A] minimization [B] restriction [C] descent [D] decline032#[D] decline第033组[A] conjunction = working, happening, or being used with someone or something else[B] network = a system of lines, tubes, wires, roads etc that cross each other and are connected to each other [C] junction = a place where one road, track etc joins another = intersection[D] link = two things or ideas are related to each other练习：The city is an important railroad ________ and industrial and convention center.[A] conjunction [B] network [C] junction [D] link033#[C] junction第034组[A] contract = become smaller or narrower（反义expand）；sign a contract[B] activate = make an electrical system or chemical process start working[D] prescribe = 开处方练习：Researchers discovered that plants infected with a virus give off a gas that ________ disease resistance in neighboring plants.[A] contracts [B] activates [C] maintains [D] prescribes034#[B] activates第035组[A] confer = ①discuss something with other people; ②officially give someone a title etc, especially as a reward for something they have achieved[B] grant = give someone something or allow them to have something that they have asked for[C] fling = throw something somewhere[D] submit = ①give a plan, piece of writing etc to someone in authority for them to consider or approve;②agree to obey someone or something练习：Corporations and labor unions have ________ great benefits upon their employees and members as well as upon the general public.[A] conferred [B] granted [C] flung [D] submitted035#[A] conferred (提示：on the grounds that = because)第036组[A] irrational = not based on clear thought or reason[B] unreasonable = irrational[C] invalid = ①be not legally or officially acceptable; ② is not based on true facts or clear ideas, and lacks good judgment[D] irrelevant= not useful or not relating to a particular situation, and therefore not important练习：The judge ruled that the evidence was inadmissible on the grounds that it was ________ to the issue at hand.[A] irrational [B] unreasonable [C] invalid [D] irrelevant036#[D] irrelevant第037组[B] prompted = make someone decide to do something[C] imposed = force people to accept something[D] enlightened = explain something to someone练习：Fuel scarcities and price increases ________ automobile designers to scale down the largest models and to develop completely new lines of small cars and trucks.[A] persuaded [B] prompted [C] imposed [D] enlightened037#[B] prompted第038组[A] amend = correct or make small changes to something[C] mend = ①repair; ②heal[D] renovate = repair a building or old furniture so that it is in good condition again练习：The machine needs a complete ________ since it has been in use for over ten years.[A] amending [B] fitting [C] mending [D] renovating038#[C] mending第039组[A] interval = the period of time between two events, activities etc[B] range = a number of people or things that are all different, but are all of the same general type[C] span = ①a period of time between two dates or events; ②the length of time over w hich someone’s life, ability to pay attention to something etc练习：The returns in the short ________ may be small, but over a number of years the investment will be well repaid.[A] interval [B] range [C] span [D] term039#[D] term第040组[A] acquisition = 获得，掌握[B] discrimination = treating one person or group differently from another in an unfair way[C] curiosity = the desire to know about something[D] familiarity = a good knowledge of a particular subject or place 练习： A thorough study of biology requires ________ with the properties of trees and plants, and the habit of birds and beasts.[A] acquisition [B] discrimination [C] curiosity [D] familiarity040#[D] familiarity第041组[A] justify = give an acceptable explanation for something that other people think is unreasonable[B] testify = make a formal statement of what is true, especially in a court of law[C] rectify = correct something that is wrong = put right[D] verify = discover whether something is correct or true练习：She worked hard at her task before she felt sure that the results would ________ her long effort.[A] justify [B] testify [C] rectify [D] verify041#[A] justify第042组[A] explosion=爆炸[B] sensation= a feeling that you get from one of your five senses, especially the sense of touch[C] exaggeration= a statement or way of saying something that makes something seem better, larger etc than it really is （反义understatement）[D] stimulation = encourage or help an activity to begin or develop further （反义suppress）练习：Some journalists often overstate the situation so that their news may create a great ________. [A] explosion [B] sensation [C] exaggeration [D] stimulation042#[A] explosion第043组[A] comment = an opinion that you express about someone or something = remark[B] reaction = something that you feel or do because of something that has happened or been said = response[C] impression = the opinion or feeling you have about someone or something because of the way they seem[D] comprehension = the ability to understand something = understanding （来自于comprehend）练习：Sometimes the student may be asked to write about his ________ to a certain book or article that has some bearing on the subject being studied.[A] comment [B] reaction [C] impression [D] comprehension043#[B] reaction第044组[A] restrain = stop someone from doing something, often by using physical force[B] hinder = make it difficult for something to develop or succeed = hamper[C] restrict = limit or control the size, amount, or range of something[D] prohibit = say that an action is illegal or not allowed= ban=forbid练习：Please ________ yourself from smoking and spitting in public places, since the law forbids them.[A] restrain [B] hinder [C] restrict [D] prohibit044#[A] restrain第045组[A] practically = almost[B] preferably = show which person, thing, place, or idea you think would be the best choice[C] precisely = exactly and correctly[D] presumably = say that you think something is probably true练习：Without telephone it would be impossible to carry on the functions of ________ every business operation in the whole country.[A] practically [B] preferably [C] precisely [D] presumably045#[A] practically第046组[A] expire = no longer be legally used = run out[B] exceed = be more than a particular number or amount[C] terminate = end[D] cease = stop doing something练习：He is planning another tour abroad, yet his passport will ________ at the end of this month. [A] expire [B] exceed [C] terminate [D] cease046#[A] expire第047组[A] sentimental = based on or relating to your feelings rather than on practical reasons[B] affectionate= showing in a gentle way that you love someone and care about them = loving[C] intimate= private and friendly so that you feel comfortable[D] sensitive= able to u nderstand other people’s feelings and problems （反义insensitive）练习：All the off-shore oil explorers were in high spirits as they read ________ letters from their families.[A] sentimental [B] affectionate [C] intimate [D] sensitive047#[B] affectionate第048组[A] revolt = if people revolt, they take strong and often violent action against the government= rebel[B] revolve = move around like a wheel[C] reverse = change something, such as a decision, judgment, or process so that it is the opposite of what it was before[D] revive = bring something back after it has not been used or has not existed for a period of time练习：Several international events in the early 1990s seem likely to ________, or at least weaken, the trends that emerged in the 1980s.[A] revolt [B] revolve [C] reverse [D] revive048#[C] reverse第049组[A] arbitrary = decided or arranged without any reason or plan, often unfairly[B] rational = based on reasons rather than emotions （反义irrational）[C] mechanical = a mechanical action, reply etc is one you do without thinking, and has been done many times before[D] unpredictable = changing a lot so it is impossible to know what will happen练习：I was unaware of the critical points involved, so my choice was quite ________.[A] arbitrary [B] rational [C] mechanical [D] unpredictable049#[A] arbitrary第050组[A] altered = change[B] converted = change something into a different form[C] fluctuated = keep changing and becoming higher and lower = vary[D] modified = make small changes to something in order to improve it and make it more suitable or effective = adapt练习：The local people were joyfully surprised to find the price of vegetables no longer ________ according to the weather.[A] altered [B] converted [C] fluctuated [D] modified050#[C] fluctuated。
完整版完型填空高频词汇
serve
招待，服务
6
pretend
假装，假扮
6
argue
争论，辩论，认为
6
fetch
取来，接来
6
warn
警告，提醒
6
respect
尊敬，尊重
6
run
滴下，奔跑，持续，经营，运转，褪色
6
repeat
重复
5
present
提出，介绍，呈现，赠送
5
refuse
拒绝
5
affect
影响，感染，侵袭，感动
5
gather
解释，说明
7
regret
遗憾，后悔
7
encourage
鼓励，激励
7
persuade
说服，劝说
7
advise
建议，劝告
7
praise
赞美，赞扬
7
blame
责备，归咎于
7
suggest
提议，建议，暗示，表明
6
examine
检查，检测
6
wonder
惊奇，想知道
6
break
打破，中断
6
afford
给予，提供
1
witness
亲眼目睹，见证
1
bite
咬
1
benefit
有益于
1
identify
确定，识别
1
terrify
恐吓，使恐怖
1
mark
标志，做记号
1
review
回顾，检查，复习，评论，检阅
1
attach
附加，贴上，附属，附加
2024年度2024年考研英语一完形填空详解
Trend prediction
In the future, cloze tests may place more emphasis on assessing the comprehensive language proficiency of candidates, including the depth and breadth of vocabulary, accuracy and flexibility of grammar, and comprehension and mastery of discourse.
skills
Synonym analysis
2024/3/23
Distinguish the subtle differences between synonyms and choose appropriate vocabulary based on the context.
Application of antonyms
• Problem solving technique: First, read the entire text thoroughly to understand the main idea of the article; Analyze sentence by sentence and choose the best answer based on context and logical relationships; Finally, reread the entire text and check if the answers are reasonable.
2024/3/23
12
Common sentence structure recognition and conversion methods
考研英语 完形填空
考研英语完形填空English:"In the realm of academic pursuits, the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) stands as a significant milestone for aspiring graduate students. This standardized test evaluates an individual's readiness for graduate-level education across various disciplines. While the GRE General Test assesses verbal reasoning, quantitative reasoning, and analytical writing skills, subject-specific GRE tests delve deeper into specific fields of study. The GRE's prominence lies in its role as a common measure for admission into graduate programs worldwide, offering universities a standardized tool to evaluate applicants' aptitude and potential. Its wide acceptance underscores its importance, making adequate preparation essential for prospective candidates. From honing analytical skills to mastering complex problem-solving, diligent preparation is crucial to excel in the GRE and secure admission to esteemed graduate programs."中文翻译:"在学术追求的领域中，研究生入学考试（GRE）是渴望攀登研究生阶梯的重要里程碑。
(完整word版)考研英语完型填空和阅读理解红花绿叶词高频固定搭配短语
一、考研英语完形填空（一）红花绿叶词红花词however/but/yet/although/though; while/whereas; in spite of;no matter how; whether...or...even if/even though/even whenon the contrary; rather than;on the other hand;unlike（转折和让步---对比关系）becasue/as; so/therefore/thereby/thus/consequently; lead to/result from; because of/due to/owing to/on account of（因果）in fact/in effect/furthermore/moreover/in addition/besides; still/ also; indeed/furthermore（递进）so that/so...that...（目的和结果）and/or/as well as（并列）which/than/that（关系词）绿叶词if/providing/supposing; until/unless; as if/if only/lest; in casesince/now thatwhat/who/whomlikewise; forever; other than; but for补充：作为正确答案的高选频词汇Convert, reverse, respond, ignore, consume, identify, expect, maintain, increase, decrease…（动词）Substantially, significantly; incidentally, approximately; irregularly; exceedingly…; far/even/much 加强比较级（副词）Extensive; excessive; significant; reverse, particular; vulnerable/susceptible; available; identifiable…（形容词）Without; against; on; beyond; for（介词）二、考研英语阅读理解（一）观点态度词作者态度题：理解全文主旨大意，体会作者的语气，特别注意形容词的修饰。
考研英语(完形填空语法)及单词
3、考试没过别泄气。
Don’t lose heart if you don’t pass the exam. （翻译时在从句中要补充出主语you.）
二、汉语中有很多无生物名词作主语，但在英语中要改用生 物即人作主语。如： 1、你的英语真棒。 Your English is excellent. You are excellent in English.
即兴回答提问
想象 理解，想出
真题词汇句型
Elude Encompass Specify Neurology 躲避 包围，包含 指定，详细说明 神经学
Defining
Populate
characters
本质特征
居住于 分配，分发 按年代顺序的 繁殖，乘，增加
Distribution Chronological multess Analytical Correlated Toil Testify Supportive Skeptical impartial
捕获 评定 分析的 相互联系的 苦干 证明，证实 支持的 怀疑的 公平的
简单的简单句
复杂的简单句 非简单句 复杂结构充当句子成分 从句套从句的结构
简单的简单句 六个最基本句型,以及其中包含的六种句子成
分(主谓宾系表补)。 ①SV(主谓) ②SVO(主谓宾) ③SVP(主系表) ④SVOOC(主谓宾宾补) ⑤SVIODO(主谓双宾语) ⑥There be + O (There be)
真题词汇句型
Monotonous Bubble Endeavor Sustained Setback Delicate Fledging adult
2024考研英语一完形填空试题及答案(第1题-20题)
2024考研英语一完形填空试题及答案（第1题-20题）业务课名称：英语考生须知：1.答案必须写在答题纸上，写在其他纸上无效。
2.答题时必须使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔做答，用其他答题不给分，不得使用涂改液。
完形填空There's nothing more welcoming than opening a door for you.（1）Without the need to be touched to open or close, automatic doors are essential in（2）improving disabled access to buildings and helping provide general（3）convenience to commercial buildings.Self-sliding doors began to emerge as a commercial product in 1960 after being invented six years（4）successively by two Americans, Dee Horton and Lew Hewitt. They（5）started out as a novelty feature, but as their use has grown, their（6）benefits have extended within our technologically advanced world. Particularly（7）useful in busy locations and during times of emergency, the doors（8）act as crowd management by reducing the obstacles put in people's way.（9）As well as making access both in and out of buildings easier for people, the difference in the way many of these doors open helps to reduce the total area（10）. occupied by them. Automatic doors often open to the side, with the panels sliding across one another. Replacing swing doors, these（11）allow smaller spaces to maximise the usable space inside without having to（12）clear the way for a large, sticking-out door. There are many different types of automatic door, with each（13）relying on specific signals to tell them when to open.（14）Although these methods differ, the main（15）principles remain the same.Each automatic door system（16）analyses the light, sound, weight, or movement in their vicinity as a signal. Sensor-types are chosen to（17）compare the different environments they are needed in.（18）For example, a busy road might not（19）suit a motion-sensored door, as it would constantly be opening for passers-by. A pressure-sensitive mat would be more（20）appropriate to limit the surveyed area.答案:1-10题：DCBAB CADAD 11-20题：ACCDC BDCBA。
考研英语一完形填空词组及固定搭配
11 act on 遵照┄行动 , 作用于 ;12 act on 对…有影响 13 add up to 总计 , 合 计
14 add …to 把…加到… . 15 adhere to 合题意 ;
坚持 , 奉行 ;16 after all
毕竟 , 均不
17 agree on 对……取得一致意见 18 agree to 同意 19 agree with sb. 同意 某人的话
被提及 , 被提交 94 be related to
与……有关 95 be sick
96 be subject to 对┄的肯定 ;
经受 , 遭受 ; 97 be suitable for
适合于 98 be sure of
99 be thrown in 额外赠送 100 be tied by/with to 束缚于 , 捆绑于
49 at all 的时候 ;
丝毫 , 根本 50 at any moment 即使 , 随时。 51 at first
首先 , 开始
52 at large 未被捕获的 , 大多数 ; 53 at last 终于 , 最终 ;54 at least 至少
55 at length 最终 , 详细地 56 at most 最多 57 at no time 从不 , 决不
指向 , 针对 80 be
81 be due to 由于 , 因此 82 be exposed to 暴露在┄下 , 处在┄的作用之下 ;
83 be fond of 喜爱 84 be full of 来说 ) 习以为常
充满他 85 be habitual to (him)
对(他
86 be in order 合适 , 恰当 87 be involved in 参与 , 参加 ;88 be involved
考研英语完型红花绿叶词汇
【一代红花词】however although yet because=in that while available/availability 【二代红花词】熟词僻义主词subjectdisposableaveragemeandevelop meet upon/on 熟词僻义adj./v.遭受n.研究对象(be subject to 贬义遭受...)adj.一次性的(disposable w orkers 临时工)adj.普通的；大众的(averageman 普通大众)adj.平均的(mean value 平均值)v.患（病）v.满足prep. 一...就基本释义n. 主题，主语，科目adj.可处理的adj.平均的v.意味着v.发展v.遇见；开会prep. 关于；在...之上perform functions 起作用/ play a part in扮演一个角色shape immediateclaim address accommodate companyin perspective downcrydraftside interpretation credit v.对...产生影响adj.直接的(the immediate relative 直系亲属)(the immediate superior 顶头上司)v.索赔v.解决；演讲v.适应(adjust to)v.陪伴(in the c ompany of 伴随着)正确地adj.失落的；失望的(let down 失落；失望；沮丧)n.口号n.草案v.支持(side with)n.口译；司法解释(interpret)v.归功于(credit sth to sb)形状，塑造adj.立刻的v.宣布；声称n. 地址v.容纳n. 公司用透视法的adj.下降v.哭n. 草图；草稿v.制定n. 边n. 翻译n. 学分；信用【三代红花词】affect for example such as something some 的合成词【绿叶词】since ever since now that what only unless In case if only or else about as t owithregardtoin reference toarare bird career put down to in question value share pictureturn around put message perform一个杰出的人 n.成就 v.归因于谈论到的 v.重视 v.具有 n.局面；情况(a big picture 整体；全局 ) v.使...好转 v.说；解释n.信号；主旨；中心思想 v.履行；执行珍禽 n. 事业；职业 v.放下 n. 价值 v.分享 n. 照片；图画v.转身；环顾四周 v.放 n. 信息 v.表演。
2001-2012考研英语完形填空
1. [A]emphasize [B]maintain [C]modify [D] recognize2. [A]when [B]lest [C]before [D] unless3. [A]restored [B]weakened [C]established [D] eliminated4. [A]challenged [B]compromised [C]suspected [D] accepted5. [A]advanced [B]caught [C]bound [D]founded6. [A]resistant [B]subject [C]immune [D]prone7. [A]resorts [B]sticks [C]loads [D]applies8. [A]evade [B]raise [C]deny [D]settle9. [A]line [B]barrier [C]similarity [D]conflict10. [A]by [B]as [C]though [D]towards11. [A]so [B]since [C]provided [D]though12. [A]serve [B]satisfy [C]upset [D]replace13. [A]confirm [B]express [C]cultivate [D]offer14. [A]guarded [B]followed [C]studied [D]tied15. [A]concepts [B]theories [C]divisions [D]conceptions16. [A]excludes [B]questions [C]shapes [D]controls17. [A]dismissed [B]released [C]ranked [D]distorted18. [A]suppress [B]exploit [C]address [D]ignore19. [A]accessible [B]amiable [C]agreeable [D]accountable20. [A]by all mesns [B]atall costs [C]in a word [D]as a result 20111．[A]among [B]except [C]despite [D]like 2．[A]reflect [B]demand [C]indicate [D]produce 3．[A]stabilizing [B]boosting [C]impairing [D]determining 4．[A]transmit [B]sustain [C]evaluate [D]observe 5．[A]measurable [B]manageable [C]affordable [D]renewable 6．[A]In turn [B]In fact [C]In addition [D]In brief 7．[A]opposite [B]impossible [C]average [D]expected 8．[A]hardens [B]weakens [C]tightens [D]relaxes 9．[A]aggravate [B]generate [C]moderate [D]enhance 10．[A]physical [B]mental [C]subconscious [D]internal 11．[A]Except for [B]According to [C]Due to [D]As for 12．[A]with [B]on [C]in [D]at 13．[A]unless [B]until [C]if [D]because 14．[A]exhausts [B]follows [C]precedes [D]suppresses 15．[A]into [B]from [C]towards [D]beyond 16．[A]fetch [B]bite [C]pick [D]hold 17．[A]disappointed [B]excited [C]joyful [D]indifferent 18．[A]adapted [B]catered [C]turned [D]reacted 19．[A]suggesting [B]requiring [C]mentioning [D]supposing 20．[A]Eventually [B]Consequently [C]Similarly [D]Conversely1. [A] affected [B] achieved [C] extracted [D] restored2. [A] at [B] up [C] with [D] off3. [A] truth [B] sight [C] act [D] proof4. [A] controversial [B] perplexing [C] mischievous [D] ambiguous5. [A] requirements[B] explanation[C] accounts [D] assessments6. [A] conclude [B] matter [C] indicate [D] work7. [A] as far as [B] for fear that [C] in case that [D] so long as8. [A] awareness [B] expectation [C] sentiment [D] illusion9. [A] suitable [B] excessive [C] enough [D] abundant10. [A] about [B] for [C] on [D] by11. [A] compared [B] shown [C] subjected [D] conveyed12. [A] contrary to [B] consistent with[C] parallel with [D] peculiar to13. [A] evidence [B] guidance [C] implication [D] source14. [A] disputable [B] enlightening [C] reliable [D] misleading15. [A] In contrast [B] For example [C] In consequence [D] As usual16. [A] duly [B] accidentally [C] unpredictably [D] suddenly17. [A] failed [B] ceased [C] started [D] continued 20. [A] breaking [B] climbing [C] surpassing [D] hitting 20091. [A] Suppose [B] Consider [C] Observe [D] Imagine2. [A] tended [B] feared [C] happened [D] threatened3. [A] thinner [B] stabler [C] lighter [D] dimmer4. [A] tendency [B] advantage [C] inclination [D] priority5. [A] insists on [B] sums up [C] turns out [D] puts forward6. [A] off [B] behind [C] over [D] along7. [A] incredible [B] spontaneous [C]inevitable [D] gradual8. [A] fight [B] doubt [C] stop [D] think9. [A] invisible [B] limited [C] indefinite [D] different10. [A] upward [B] forward [C] afterward [D] backward11. [A] features [B] influences [C] results [D] costs12. [A] outside [B] on [C] by [D] across13. [A] deliver [B] carry [C] perform [D] apply14. [A] by chance [B] in contrast [C] as usual [D] for instance15. [A] if [B] unless [C] as [D] lest16. [A] moderate [B] overcome [C] determine [D] reach17. [A] at [B] for [C] after [D] with18. [A] Above all [B] After all [C] However [D] Otherwise19. [A] fundamental [B] comprehensive [C] equivalent [D] hostile20. [A] By accident [B] In time [C] So far [D] Better still1. [A] selected [B] prepared [C] obliged [D] pleased2. [A] unique [B] particular [C] special [D] rare3. [A] of [B] with [C] in [D] against4. [A] subsequently [B] presently [C] previously [D] lately5. [A] Only [B] So [C] Even [D] Hence6. [A] thought [B] sight [C] cost [D] risk7. [A] advises [B] suggests [C] protests [D] objects8. [A] progress [B] fact [C] need [D] question9. [A] attaining [B] scoring [C] reaching [D] calculating10. [A] normal [B] common [C] mean [D] total11.[A] unconsciously [B] disproportionately[C] indefinitely [D] unaccountably12. [A] missions [B] fortunes [C] interests [D] careers13. [A] affirm [B] witness [C] observe [D] approve14. [A] moreover [B] therefore [C] however [D] meanwhile15. [A] given up [B] got over [C] carried on [D] put down16. [A] assessing [B] supervising [C] administering [D] valuing17. [A] development [B] origin [C] consequence [D] instrument18. [A] linked [B] integrated [C] woven [D] combined19. [A] limited [B] subjected [C] converted [D] directed20. [A] paradoxical [B] incompatible [C] inevitable [D] continuous 20071. [A] natives[B] inhabitants [C] peoples [D] individuals2. [A] confusedly [B] cheerfully [C] worriedly [D] hopefully3. [A] shared [B] forgot [C] attained [D] rejected4. [A] related [B] close [C] open [D] devoted5. [A] access [B] succession [C] right [D] return6. [A] Presumably [B] Incidentally [C] Obviously [D] Generally7. [A] unique [B] common [C] particular [D] typical8. [A] freedom [B] origin [C] impact [D] reform9. [A] therefore [B] however [C] indeed [D] moreover10. [A] with [B] about [C] among [D] by11. [A] allowed [B] preached [C] granted [D] funded12. [A] Since [B] If [C] Unless [D] While13. [A] as [B] for [C] under [D] against14. [A] spread [B] interference [C] exclusion [D] influence15. [A] support [B] cry [C] plea [D] wish16. [A] urged [B] intended [C] expected [D] promised17. [A] controlling [B] former [C] remaining [D] original18. [A] slower [B] faster [C] easier [D] tougher19. [A] created [B] produced [C] contributed [D] preferred20. [A] puzzled by [B] hostile to [C] pessimistic about [D] unprepared for1.[A] Indeed [B] Likewise [C] Therefore [D] Furthermore2. [A] stand [B] cope [C] approve [D] retain3. [A] in [B] for [C] with [D] toward4. [A] raise [B] add [C] take [D] keep5. [A] generally [B] almost [C] hardly [D] not6. [A] cover [B] change [C] range [D] differ7. [A] Now that [B] Although [C] Provided [D] Except that8. [A] inflating [B] expanding [C] increasing [D] extending9. [A] predicts [B] displays [C] proves [D] discovers10. [A] assist [B] track [C] sustain [D] dismiss11. [A] Hence [B] But [C] Even [D] Only12. [A] lodging [B] shelter [C] dwelling [D] house13. [A] searching [B] strolling [C] crowding [D] wandering14. [A] when [B] once [C] while [D] whereas15. [A] life [B] existence [C] survival [D] maintenance16. [A] around [B] over [C] on [D] up17. [A] complex [B] comprehensive [C] complementary [D] compensating18. [A] So [B] Since [C] As [D] Thus19. [A] puts [B] interprets [C] assumes [D] makes20. [A] supervision [B] manipulation [C] regulation [D] coordination 20051. [A] although [B] as [C] but [D] while2. [A] above [B] unlike [C] excluding [D] besides3. [A] limited [B] committed [C] dedicated [D] confined4. [A] catching [B] ignoring [C] missing [D] tracking5. [A] anyway [B] though [C] instead [D] therefore6. [A] even if [B] if only [C] only if [D] as if7. [A] distinguishing [B] discovering [C] determining [D] detecting8. [A] diluted [B] dissolved [C] dispersed [D] diffused9. [A] when [B] since [C] for [D] whereas10. [A] unusua l[B] particular [C] unique [D] typical11. [A] signs [B] stimuli [C] messages [D] impulses12. [A] at first [B] at all [C] at large [D] at times13. [A] subjected [B] left [C] drawn [D] exposed14. [A] ineffective [B] incompetent [C] inefficient [D] insufficient15. [A] introduce [B] summon [C] trigger [D] create16. [A] still [B] also [C] otherwise [D] nevertheless17. [A] sure [B] sick [C] aware [D] tired18. [A] tolerate [B] repel [C] neglect [D] notice19. [A] available [B] reliable [C] identifiable [D] suitable20. [A] similar to [B] such as [C] along with [D] aside from21. [A] acting [B] relying [C] centering [D] commenting22. [A] before [B] unless [C] until [D] because23. [A] interaction [B] assimilation [C] cooperation [D] consultation24. [A] return [B] reply [C] reference [D] response25. [A] or [B] but rather [C] but [D] or else26. [A] considering [B] ignoring [C] highlighting [D] discarding27. [A] on [B] in [C] for [D] with28. [A] immune [B] resistant [C] sensitive [D] subject29. [A] affec t[B] reduce [C] check [D] reflect30. [A] point [B] lead [C] come [D] amount31. [A] in general [B] on average [C] by contrast [D] at length32. [A] case [B] short [C] turn [D] essence33. [A] survived [B] noticed [C] undertaken [D] experienced34. [A] contrarily [B] consequently [C] similarly [D] simultaneously35. [A] than [B] that [C] which [D] as36. [A] system [B] structure [C] concept [D] heritage37. [A] assessable [B] identifiable [C] negligible [D] incredible38. [A] expense [B] restriction [C] allocation [D] availability39. [A] incidence [B] awareness [C] exposure [D] popularity40. [A] provided [B] since [C] although [D] supposing 200321. [A] thought [B] idea [C] opinion [D] advice22. [A] strengthen [B] accommodate [C] stimulate [D] enhance23. [A] care [B] nutrition [C] exercise [D] leisure24. [A] If [B] Although [C] Whereas [D] Because25. [A] assistance [B] guidance [C] confidence [D] tolerance26. [A] claimed [B] admired [C] ignored [D] surpassed27. [A] improper [B] risky [C] fair [D] wise28. [A] in effect [B] as a result [C] for example [D] in a sense29. [A] displaying [B] describing [C] creating [D] exchanging30. [A] durable [B] excessive [C] surplus [D] multiple31. [A] group [B] individual [C] personnel [D] corporation32. [A] consent [B] insurance [C] admission [D] security33. [A] particularly [B] barely [C] definitely [D] rarely34. [A] similar [B] long [C] different [D] short35. [A] if only [B] now that [C] so that [D] even if36. [A] everything [B] anything [C] nothing [D] something37. [A] off [B] down [C] out [D] alone38. [A] On the contrary [B] On the average [C] On the whole [D] On the other hand39. [A] making [B] standing [C] planning [D] taking40. [A] capabilities [B] responsibilities [C] proficiency [D] efficiency21. [A] between [B] before [C] since [D] later22. [A] after [B] by [C] during [D] until23. [A] means [B] method [C] medium [D] measure24. [A] process [B] company [C] light [D] form25. [A] gathered [B] speeded [C] worked [D] picked26. [A] on [B] out [C] over [D] off27. [A] of [B] for [C] beyond [D] into28. [A] concept [B] dimension [C] effect [D] perspective29. [A] indeed [B] hence [C] however [D] therefore30. [A] brought [B] followed [C] stimulated [D] characterized31. [A] unless [B] since [C] lest [D] although32. [A] apparent [B] desirable [C] negative [D] plausible33. [A] institutional [B] universal [C] fundamental [D] instrumental34. [A] ability [B] capability [C] capacity [D] faculty35. [A] by means of [B] in terms of [C] with regard to [D] in line with36. [A] deeper [B] fewer [C] nearer [D] smaller37. [A] context [B] range [C] scope [D] territory38. [A] regarded [B] impressed [C] influenced [D] effected39. [A] competitive [B] controversial [C] distracting [D] irrational40. [A] above [B] upon [C] against [D] with200131. [A] as to [B] for instance [C] in particular [D] such as32. [A] tightening [B] intensifying [C] focusing [D] fastening33. [A] sketch [B] rough [C] preliminary [D] draft34. [A] illogical [B] illegal [C] improbable [D] improper35. [A] publicity [B] penalty [C] popularity [D] peculiarity36. [A] since [B] if [C] before [D] as37. [A] sided [B] shared [C] complied [D] agreed38. [A] present [B] offer [C] manifest [D] indicate39. [A] Release [B] Publication [C] Printing [D] Exposure40. [A] storm [B] rage [C] flare [D] flash41. [A] translation [B] interpretation [C] exhibition [D] demonstration42. [A] better than [B] other than [C] rather than [D] sooner than43. [A] changes [B] makes [C] sets [D] turns44. [A] binding [B] convincing [C] restraining [D] sustaining45. [A] authorized [B] credited [C] entitled [D] qualified46. [A] with [B] to [C] from [D] by47. [A] impact [B] incident [C] inference [D] issue48. [A] stated [B] remarked [C] said [D] told49. [A] what [B] when [C] which [D] that50. [A] assure [B] confide [C] ensure [D] guarantee。
(完整word版)考研完形填空红花绿叶词汇总总结,推荐文档
Run （及物动词是表：管理，操控）同义词一般都不选however然而，但是=otherwise否则，但是Above all 首先，尤其是（表并列）完形填空：一、见到很可能选的词：1、一代红花（很可能选）：however（一定有逗号，然后看意思—前后相反）入选概率大于but，有类似用法的有：for example=for instance；though（仅当副词的时候可以放句中，前后加逗号，当连词不行）nevertheless（然而，不过），it turns out（其结果是，被证明是，放句中，前后加逗号）AlthoughYet表示“尚未”（用在否定句或疑问句）—反义—already（已经，用于肯定句）Still表示无变化的延续性Eg：the guests are already here. But the meat is not ready yet. It still has to be cooked for another five minutes.特：have you finished the work already？You are very speedy表惊奇Because（从属连词，引导从句）——for（并列连词，引导并列句）（1）位置：because既可以放句首，也可以放句中；for当连词时只能放句中，For当介词时可以放在句首，既其后跟着的是名词或名词短语，跟句子则不行。
从属连词放句中时前面不能加逗号，并列连词放句中时前面逗号可加可不加Because（只能选）it was raining，i was lateI was late，for it was raining（2）because连词（跟句子），because of介词（后接名词）（3）Because= in thatwhile（转折，让步，并列）（1）放句首，一般表“尽管”，引导让步状语while he has time，it doesn’t mean he has capacity and patience.（2）而，而且=whereas，表示对比的并列关系you like sports while i like read （3）可以引导省略句，从句主语和主句主语相一致，从句是系表结构，同时满足时，可以省去从句中的主语和系动词；he will go to school while( he is) ill. Eg: the phenomenon provide a way for companies to remain globally competitive while（the phenomenon is被省略了）avoiding market cycles and the growing burdens. 因为前是to，后是ing，不能用and并列。
考研英语完形填空常用短语
考研英语完形填空常考固定词组a number of 若干above all 首先，尤其be absorbed in 专心于by accident偶然account for说明on account of 因为，由于take…into account考虑be accustomed to 习惯于add up to 合计，总计in addition另外in addition to除。
之外in advance 提前，预先take advantage of 利用ahead of 在。
前面，先于in the air 在流行中，在传播中after all终于，毕竟，虽然这样all but 几乎，差一点，除。
之外其余都all over遍及，到处at all完全，根本in all总共，共计make allowances for 考虑，顾及，体谅in alliance with与。
联盟leave…alone听其自然，不要去管let alone更不用说along with 与。
一起one after another一个接一个one another 互相apart from除去as for 至于，就。
方面说as if 好象，仿佛as though 好象，仿佛as to 至于，关于as well 也，一样aside from 除。
以外ask for 请求，要求pay attention to注意on the average 平均，一般说来right away 立即，马上bake and forth 来回，往返，来来往往bake off 放，让步，退却bake up 支持，援助on the basis of 根据，在。
的基础上because of 由于，因为on behalfof 代表，为了at the best充其量，至多do/try one’s best尽力，努力get the best of胜过make the best of 充分利用，妥善处理for the better好转，改善get the better of打败，智胜had better 最好还是，应该on board 在（船、车、飞机等）上be bound to 必定，一定break away 脱离，逃跑break down 损坏，分解，瓦解break in 强行进入，闯入，打断break into闯入break off 断绝，结束break out 突发，爆发break through 突破break up 终止，结束，打碎catch one’s breath屏息out ofbreath 喘不过气来，上气不接下气in brief简儿言之bring about 带来，造成bring down 打倒，挫伤bring forth产生，提出bring forward 提出bring out使出现，公布bring to 使恢复知觉bring up 教育，培养，使成长build up 积累，树立，逐步建立in bulk 散装，大批burn out 烧掉burn up 烧完，烧尽call for邀请，要求，需要call forth唤起，引起call off放弃，取消call on/upon 访问，拜访call up 召集，动员care for照顾，关心take care 小心，当心take care of 照顾，照料，负责carry off夺去carry on 继续下去，坚持下去carry out 贯彻，执行，实现in any case 无论如何，总之in case 假如，万一in no case决不catch on 理解，明白catch up with 追上，赶上by charge 偶然，碰巧take a chance 冒险一试in charge of 负责，主管take charge of 担任，负责check in 办理登记手续check out 结账后离开check upon 校对，检查cheer up 使高兴，使振奋，高兴起来in chorus 一齐，一致，共同clear away 打扫，收拾clear up 整理，收拾，清除，澄清around/round the clock 昼夜不停的come off 实现，成功，奏效come on 请，来吧，发展come out 出版，出现，显露，结局是come round/around 来访，苏醒come through 经历，脱险come to 总计，达到come true 实现，达到come up 走进，发生come up to 达到，符合come up with 提出，提供in common 共同。
考研英语完形填空32篇和标准答案
完型填空练习题Text 1Every human being has unique arrangement of skin on his fingers and this arrangement is unchangeable. Scientists and experts have proved the 1 of finger-prints and discovered that no 2 similar pattern is 3 from parents to children, 4 nobody knows why this is the 5 .The ridge 6 on a person’ finger doesn’t change7 growth and is not affected by 8 injuries. Burns, cuts and other damages to the 9 part of the skin will be replaced 10 by a new one which bears the reproduction of the 11 pattern. It is only when the inner skin is injured that the arrangement will be 12 Some criminals make use of this to 13 their own finger-prints 14 this is a dangerous and rare step to 15 .Finger-prints can be made very easily with a printer’s ink. They can be recorded easily. With special method, 16 can be achieved successfully within a short time. 17 the simplicity and economy of this system, finger-print have often been used as a method of solving criminal cases. A 8 man may deny the charge but this may be 19 . His finger-prints can prove who he is even his 20 has been changed by age or accident.C. magnitudeD. uniqueness1. A. uselessness—B. quantity2. A. naturally B. exactly C. especially D. particularlyC. passed outD. passed off3. A. passed on@B. passed away4. A. if B. when C. though D. asC. groundD. case5. A. reason]B. cause6. A. construction B. structure C. location D. position7. A. with%C. untilD. underB. because of8. A. grave B. severe C. substantial D. superficialC. innerD. outer9. A. outside·B. outward10. A. in time B. on time C. at times D. behind timeC. definiteD. customary11. A. original￥B. different12. A. restored B. hurt C. destroyed D. restrictedC. undermineD. remove13. A. diminish/B. dispose14. A. and B. but C. when D. if15. A. make%C. doD. adaptB. take16. A. realization B. detection C. identification D. investigationC. Because ofD. In case of17. A. In spite of；B. Irrespective of18. A. suspected B. doubted C. distrusted D. doubtfulC. at randomD. in question19. A. out of case*B. in vain20. A. look B. expression C. appearance D. sight《~Text 2When television first began to expand, very few of the people who had become famous as radio commentators were equally effective on television. Some of the 1 they experienced when they were trying to 2 themselves to the new medium were technical. When working 3 radio, for example, they had become 4 to seeing on 5 of the listener. This 6 of seeing for others means that the 7 has to be very good at talking. 8 all, he has to be able to 9 a continuous sequence of visual images which 10 meaning to the sounds which the listener hears. In the 11 of television, however, the commentator sees 12 with the viewer. His role, therefore, is 13 different. He is there to make 14 that the viewer does not 15 some points of interest, to help him 16 on particular things, and to 17 the images on the television screen. 18 his radio colleague, he must know the 19 of silence and how to use it at those moments 20 the pictures speaks for themselves.1. A. difficulties B. successes C. sufferings D. incidentsD. modify2. A. turn B. adapt（C. alter3. A. on B. at C. with D. behindD. accustomed4. A. experienced B. determined…C. established5. A. account B. side C. point D. behalf6. A. efficiency B. technology，D. performanceC. art7. A. commentator B. TV viewer C. speaker D. authorD. In8. A. Of B. For#C. Above9. A. inspire B. create C. cause D. perceiveD. reflect10. A. add B. apply！C. affect11. A. occasion B. event C. fact D. caseD. anything12. A. something B. nothing—C. everything13. A. equally B. completely C. initially D. hardly14. A. definite B. possible,D. clearC. sure15. A. lose B. deprive C. relieve D. miss16. A. focus B. attend[D. insistC. follow17. A. exhibit B. demonstrate C. expose D. interpret18. A. Like B. Unlike)D. ForC. As19. A. purpose B. goal C. value D. intention20. A. if B. when |D. asC. which]"Text 3Geography is the study of the relationship between people and the land. Geographers compare and contrast 1 places on earth. But they also 2 beyond the individual places and consider the earth as a 3 . The word Geography 4 from two Greek words, ge, the Greek word for “earth” and graphein, 5 means “ to write”. The English word geography means “to describe the earth”.6 geography books7 on a small area like a town or city. Other deal with a state, a region, a nation, or an8 continent. Many geography books deal with the whole earth. Another9 to divide the study of 10 is to distinguish between physical geography and 11 geography. The former focus on the natural world; the 12 starts with human beings and studies 13 human being and their environment act 14 each other. 15 when geography is considered as a single subject, 16 branch can neglect the other.A geographer might be described 17 one who observes, records, and explains the 18 between places. If places were alike, there would be little need for geographer.We know, 19 ,that no two places are exactly the same. Geography, 20 ,is a point of view, a special way of looking at places.1. A. similar B. distant C. various{D. famous2. A. pass B. go C. reach D. get3. A. whole B. until C. part ]D. total4. A. falls B. results C. removes D. comes5. A. what B. which C. that ·D. it6. A. Some B. Most C. Many D. Few7. A. rely B. rest C. reckon；D. focus8. A. extensive B. overall C. entire D. enormous9. A. way B. means C. habit/D. technique10. A. world B. earth C. geography D. globe11. A. mental B. military C. economic—D. cultural12. A. second B. next C. later D. latter13. A. when B. what C. where>D. how14. A. upon B. as C. for D. to15. A. And B. But C. Therefore…D. For16. A. neither B. one C. either D. each17. A. for B. as C. to—D. by18. A. exceptions B. sameness C. difference D. divisions19. A. moreover B. meanwhile C. however…D. or else20. A. still B. then C. nevertheless D. moreover￥~Text4Smoking may be a pleasure for some people. 1 ,it is a serious source of 2 for their fellows. Now medical authorities express their 3 about the effect of smoking 4 the health not only of those who smoke but also those who do not . 5 ,nonsmokers who must 6 inhale the air polluted by tobacco smoke may 7 more than the smokers themselves.As you are 8 informed, a considerable number of students have 9 in a effort to 10 the university to 11 smoking in the classroom. I believe they are 12 right in their aim. However, I would hope that it is 13 to achieve this by calling 14 the smokers to use good judgment and show concern for other 15 than by regulation.Smoking is 16 by city bylaws in theatres and in halls used for showing films as well as in laboratories where there may be a fire hazard. 17 , it is up to you good 18 .I am therefore asking you to 19 “No smoking” in the auditoriums, classrooms and seminar rooms. This will prove that you have the nonsmoker’s health and well-being 20 ,which is very important to a large number of our students.1. A. Hence B. However、C. AnywayD. Furthermore2. A. joy B. discomfort C. convenience D. relief3. A. consideration B. attention[C. beliefD. concern4. A. against B. for C. in D. on5. A. In consequence B. On the otherhand @C. In factD. After all6. A. instinctively B. instantly C. spontaneously D. reluctantly7. A. suffer B. subject\C. submitD. sustain8. A. certain B. sure C. doubtless D. right9. A. entered B. joined%C. attendedD. involved10. A. reason B. persuade C. argue D. suggest11. A. stop B. object@C. banD. prevent12. A. entirely B. likely C. generally D. possibly13. A. likely B. probable*C. properD. possible14. A. out B. for C. on D. up15. A. rather B. better"C. moreD. other16. A. prohibited B. protected C. reserved D. cleared17. A. Furthermore B. Consequently！C. NeverthelessD. Elsewhere18. A. idea B. duty C. sense D. responsibility19. A. persist B. maintain'C. stickD. adhere20. A. in mind B. in head C. in heart D. in memory }Text5}Having passed what I considered the worst obstacle, our spirits rose. We 1 towards the left of the cliff, where the going was better, 2 rather steeper. Here we found little snow, 3 most of it seemed to have been 4 off the mountain. There was no 5 of the mountain in the distance because the clouds were forming all around us.About 1 o’clock a storm 6 suddenly. We had time to have 7 its approach but we were concentrating on cutting steps, and 8 we had time to do anything, we were blinded by snow. We could not move up or down and had to wait 9 , getting colder and colder. 10 my hood(兜帽), my nose and cheeks were frostbitten and I dared not take a hand out of my glove to warm them. After two hours of this, I realized we would have to do 11 to avoid being frozen to death where we stood. From time to time through the mist I had 12 the outline of a dark buttress(扶壁)just above us, to descend in the wind was 13 question; our only hope was to scramble up to this buttress, and dig out a platform at the foot of it on which we could 14 our tent.We climbed to this place and started to 15 the ice. At first my companion seemed to regard the 16 as hopeless but gradually the wind 17 and he cheered up. 18 we had made a platform big enough to put up the tent, and we did this as 19 we could. We 20 into our sleeping bags and fell asleep, felling that we were lucky to be still alive.1. A. set B. got C. made%D. took2. A even B. though C. so D. if3. A. when B. where C. as，D. so that4. A. fallen B. flown C. split D. blown5. A. view B. vision C. look）D. glimpse6. A. came up B. came out C. came over D. came on7. A. viewed B. noticed C. notified,D. glanced8. A. after B. before C. unless D. until9. A. motionlessly B. constantly C. steadily:D. continually10. A. In spite of B. In relation to C. In case of D. In the event of11. A. anything B. nothing C. something？D. everything12. A. laid out B. made out C. drawn out D. marked out13. A. without B. in C. beyond}D. out of date14. A. wrench B. wedge C. pad D. pinch15. A. cut down B. cut away C. cut out"D. cut off16. A. position B. situation C. occupation D. orientation17. A. died out B. died off C. died back！D. died down18. A. Instead of B. Furthermore C. Indeed D. At last19. A. well B. good C. best#D. better20. A. climbed B. crashed C. crept D. crawled【Text6Why, you may wonder, should spiders be our friends Because they destroy so many insects, and insects 1 some of the greatest enemies of the human race. Insects would make 2 impossible for us to live in the world. They would devour (eat up quickly) all our crops and kill our flocks and herds, were it not 3 the protection we get from insect-eating animals. We 4 a lot to the birds and beasts who eat insects but all of them 5 together kill only a fraction of the 6 destroyed by spiders. 7 , unlike some of the insect eaters, spiders never do the least 8 to us or our belongings.Spiders are not insects, 9 many people think, 10 even nearly related to them. One can tell the 11 almost at a glance, 12 a spider always has eight legs but an insect never more than six.…How many spiders are 13 in this work on our 14 One authority 15 spiders made a 16 of the spiders in a grass field in the south of England, and he estimated that there were more than 2 250 000 in one acre; that is 17 like 6000 000 spiders of different kinds on a football field. Spiders are busy for at least half the year in killing insects. It is 18 to make more than the 19 guess at how many they kill, but they are hungry creature, not 20 with only three meals a day.1. A. include B. involve C. consist D. cover2. A. this B. that ？D. themC. it3. A. with B. for C. of D. on4. A. devote B. dedicate!D. contributeC. owe5. A. gotten B. put C. linked D. associatedD. proportion6. A. number B. amount、C. plenty7. A. Consequently B. Moreover C. Conversely D. HoweverD. harm8. A. damage B. ruin%C. good9. A. as B. which C. because D. thoughD. none10. A. so B. either~C. nor11. A. likeness B. difference C. similarity D. appearance12. A. if B. although） D. whenC. for13. A. participated B. joined C. enclosed D. involvedD. behalf14. A. honor B. sake；C. side15. A. on B. in C. about D. withD. consciousness16. A. census B. consensus{C. conscience17. A. nothing B. something C. anything D. everythingD. probable18. A. likely B. useless(C. impossible19. A. broadest B. widest C. bravest D. wildestD. content20. A. concerned B. identified|C. patient￥Text7Cheques have largely replaced money as a mean s of exchange, for they are widely accepted everywhere . Though this is very 1 for both buyer and seller, it should not be forgotten that cheuqes are not real money: they are quite 2 in themselves. A shop-keeper always runs a certain 3 when he accepts a cheque and he is quite 4 his rights if, 5 ,he refuses to do so.People do not always know this and are shocked if their good faith is called 6 . An old and very wealth friend of mine told me he had an extremely unpleasant 7 . He went to a famous jewellery shop which keeps a large 8 of precious stones and asked to be shown some pearl necklaces. After examining several trays, he 9 to buy a particularly fine string of pearls and asked if he could pay 10 cheque. The assistant said that this was quite 11 , but the moment my friend signed his name, he was invited into the manager’s office.（The manager was very polite, but he explained that someone with 12 the same name had presented them with a 13 cheque not long age. He told my friend that the police would arrive 14 any moment and he had better stay 15 he wanted to get into serious trouble. 16 , the police arrived soon afterwards They apologized to my friend for the 17 and asked him to 18 a note which had been used by the thief in a number of shop .The note 19 :“I have a gun in my pocket. Ask no questions and give me all the money in the safe.”20 , my friend’s handwriting was quite unlike the thief’s.1. A. complicated B. trivial C. bearable D. convenient2. A. valueless B. invaluable`D. indefiniteC. valuable3. A. danger B. change C. risk D. opportunityD. out of4. A. within B. beyond]C. without5. A. in general B. at the least C. on occasion D. in shortD. in question6. A. in difficulty B. in doubt！C. in earnest7. A. accident B. experience C. event D. incidentD. store8. A. amount B. stock-C. number9. A. considered B. thought C. conceived D. decidedD. through10. A. by B. in^C. with11. A. in order B. in need C. in use D. in common12. A. largely B. mostly<D. extremelyC. exactly13. A. worth B. worthy C. worthwhile D. worthlessD. during14. A. for B. at》C. until15. A. whether B. if C. otherwise D. unlessD. However16. A. Really B. Sure enough 】C. Certainly17. A. treatment B. manner C. inconvenience D. behavior18. A. write off B. write out，D. make outC. copy out19. A. read B. told C. wrote D. informedD. Basically20. A. Especially B. Fortunately￥C. Naturally>Text 8In October 2002, Goldman Sachs and Deutsche Bank 1 a new electronic market for economic indices that 2 substantial economic risks, such as nonfarm payroll (a measure of job availability) and retail sales. This new market was made possible by a 3 rating technology, developed by Longitude, a New York company providing software for financial markets, 4 the Parimutuel Digital Call Auction. This is “digital” 5 of a digital option: ., it pays out only if an underlying index lies in a narrow, discrete range. In effect, Longitude has created a horse race, where each “horse” wins if and 6 the specified index falls in a specified range. By creating horses for every possibl 7 of the index, and allowing people to bet 8 any number of runners, the company has produced a liquidintegrated electronic market for a wide array options on economic indices.Ten years ago it was 9 impossible to make use of electronic information about home values. Now, mortgage lenders have online automated valuation models that allow them to estimate values and to 10 the risk in their portfolios. This has led to a proliferation of types of home loan, some of 11 have improved risk-management characteristics.We are also beginning to see new kinds of 12 for homes, which will make it possible to protect the value of 13 , for most people, is the single most important 14 of their wealth. The Yale University-Neighbourhood Reinvestment Corporation programme, 15 last year in the city of Syracuse, in New York state, may be a model for home-equity insurance policies that 16 sophisticated economic indices of house prices to define the 17 of the policy. Electronic futures markets that are based on econometric indices of house prices by city, already begun by City Index and IG Index in Britain and now 18 developed in the United States, will enable home-equity insurers to hedge the risks that they acquire by writing these policies.These examples are not impressive successes yet. But they 19 as early precursors of a technology that should one day help us to deal with the massive risks of inequality that 20 will beset us in coming years.D. originated1. A. created B. generated(C. initiated2. A. reproduce B. restore C. represent D. resumeD. established3. A. sophisticated B. expensive：C. available4. A. made B. called C. asked D. readD. in the sense5. A. in the course B. in the event}C. in the light6. A. when B. until C. now that D. only if7. A. extent B. range@D. areaC. line8. A. for B. in C. on D. upD. originally9. A. virtually B. admittedly&C. absolutely10. A. assume B. assess C. dismiss D. eraseD. whom11. A. them B. which`C. that12. A. management B. insurance C. security D. technologyD. it13. A. what B. those，C. where14. A. guarantee B. protection C. component D. sourceD. launched15. A. secured B. sponsored*C. released16. A. look to B. set up C. lay down D. rely onD. consequences17. A. terms B. specifications@C. concepts18. A. is B. being C. been D. are19. A. emerge B appear【D. ariseC. stand20. A. somehow B. anyway C. otherwise D. therebyText 9/Globalization will h ave a powerful effect on the future of dining. Recipes and meals from the world’s kitchens will be 1 anywhere and anytime. Globalization is the master2that will drive the world of food. Formerly remote 3 and cooking styles are creating a whole new culinary mosaic as they are4and reinterpreted all over the world.For the globe-trotting businessman, food savvy will be an important5of career mastery. Being successful in South America or the Far East means having insight6another culture, and local7will become an important component of that. People will need8of food and ingredients from different continents and cultures as one aspect of9, cultural exchange, and success.10, culinary globalism will not be limited to physical travel. Chefs will learn about 11 ingredients, recipes, and techniques without ever leaving their kitchens. Soul food will continue to appeal, even as diners grow more12. Look for collard greens and fried chicken on the menus of upscale restaurants. Fast-casual restaurants--trendy eateries that combine speed and quality--should keep growing in 13 . Ethnic cuisines will14 globally and combine: Look for chifa, a mixture of Japanese and Spanish foods,15 its native Peru. Uzbek dishes, meanwhile, combine Persian, Russian, and Chinese16at bistros in New York and Chicago.Pizza on a griddle New York chef Mario Batali is among those 17pizza, making it thinner, healthier, and more 18. One size does not fit all: look for designer delis, 19 you can choose from a wide variety of main and 20 dishes to take home and heat up yourself.1[A]suitable[B]reliable[C]identifiable[D]available2[A] trend—[B] fashion[C] tendency[D] style3[A] components[B] foods[C] ingredients[D] stuffs、4[A] transported[B] transplanted[C] transferred[D] translated5[A] part[B] role>[C] portion[D] side6[A] in[B] into[C] to[D] by7<[A] tastes[B] flavors[C] dishes[D] courses8[A] information[B] knowledge[C] insight([D] experience9[A] socialization[B] realization[C]standardization[D] localization10[A] However;[B] Somehow[C] Moreover[D] Anyway11[A] strange[B] new[C] exotic[D] remote& 12[A] health-conscious[B]price-conscious[C]taste-conscious[D]diversity-conscious13[A] population[B] popularity；[C] quantity[D] prosperity 14[A] expand[B] extend[C] export[D] exclude15|[B] by[C] over[D] beyond[A] from16[A] flavors[B] flowers[C] flours|[D] flames17[A] recreating[B] rethinking[C] representing[D] replacing18[A] portable,[C] edible[D] popular[B] attractive19[A] when[B] why[C] where[D] which[A] small[B] side[C] minor[D] secondary)20\Text 10Things in the henhouse changed practically overnight when McDonald’s announced in 1999 that it would no longer buy eggs from producers who didn’t meet its guidelines for care of chickens. Those guidelines included limiting the 1 of birds that could be kept in one 2 and prohibiting beak removal, 3 trimming just the tips.Once McDon ald’s had4the way in issuing animal care guidelines for the company’s suppliers, many other giants of the fast-food industry rapidly followed 5, including Burger King, Taco Bell, Pizza Hut, Wendy’s, A and W and KFC. Now, the American Meat Institute ha s 6 welfare guidelines and audit 7 for cattle, pigs, and chickens. And the European Union, representing our foreign customers, is also 8 in with, among other things, legislation banning. 9 use of crates to house pregnant sows, 10 in 2013.Questions about animal care 11 with the explosive growth in large-scale livestock farms, 12 spurred customers to complain about animals being treated as “factory parts”. That spurred ARS and the livestock industry to take a proactive approach to addressing animal13issues, making sure that guidelines are based on facts 14 through scientific research. The goal is to share research findings with the retail food industry and others so that the livestock industry can improve its 15 guidelines.Ten years ago, to 16 these concerns, ARS started a research program on livestock behavior and stress. The scientists involved were tasked with finding out whether modern farming practices were 17 stressing animals. And if so, could scientific methods be developed to measure this stress so that 18 could be evaluated objectively rather than subjectively？A decade later, the 19 answer is “yes” to both questions, Many had expected the answer to be “no” on both counts, but science works independently20 pe ople’s opinions.1. A. amount B. number C. figure D. sumC. caseD. cart2. A. cage'B. cave3. A. but for B. except for C. aside from D. away from4. A. paved【C. ledD. openedB. changed5. A. suit B. step C. set D. super6. A. adapted· C. approved D. acceptedB. adopted7. A. booklets B. pamphlets C. brochures D. checklistsC. consideringD. thinking8. A. measuring·B. weighing9. A. prolonged B. proceeded C. programmed D. progressed10. A. efficient（C. effusiveD. electiveB. effective11. A. raised B. rose C. arose D. poseC. whichD. how12. A. who 【B. what13. A. health B. life C. wealth D welfareC. provedD. tested14. A. decided(B. determined15. A. voluntary B. revolutionary C. preliminary D. necessaryC. suppressD. compress16. A. express》B. address17. A. unduly B. unequally C. unfortunately D. unfavorablyC. problemsD. practices18. A. performances$B. programs19. A. sequential B. initial C. essential D. financialC. byD. with20. A. of^B. onText 11,You probably know that it’s better for both you and the environment if you buy an organic tomato instead of one that’s been doused in pesticides, but there are lots of other things to consider before venturing down the aisle of your local superm arket (or farmer’s market).The explosion in1produce and other foods during the last few years has been an extremely 2development in the food industry. However,3still exists about exactly what the organic4 means. Do you know the difference betwee n a cereal that’s “organic,” “100% organic,” and “made with organic5” The USDA has clearly defined standards that6which of those labels can legally go on your raisin bran. You can learn more about them atOrganic foods are great, but the jury is still very much out7another new development in the food world: genetically8organisms (GMOs). No one knows for certain the short and9 effects of these products of gene engineering,l0there’s a chance they could lead to the11 creation of “superweeds” o r12with natural plant stocks, for more information on GMOs, we recommend visiting13you’re shopping, don’t forget to consider the companies behind the14names. One cereal company might be an environmental champion,15the other manufactures its corn flakes via l6environmental practices. An easy way to compare two companies is to use17such as Responsible . They present both the good and bad sides of every company they18, and they grade hundreds of companies on social, ethical and environmental issues.Remember:19conscious shopping is a powerful tool for effecting change. You can make a difference every time you fill your 20cart.1. A. green B. organic C. healthy D. optional2. A. positive B. negative C. active :D. passive3. A. controversy B. contribution C. conversion D. confusion4. A. label B. mark C. word…D. food5. A. components B. genes C. ingredients D. compositions6. A. determine B. illustrate C. recommend <D. demonstrate7. A. in B. to C. for D. on8. A. moved B. modified C. modeled、D. motivated9. A. long-run B. long-term C. long-day D. long-distance10. B. and C. but》D. or. unconditional B. unexceptional C. unintentional D. uncontroversial12. A. interfere B. intervene C. interact…D. intrude13. A. Any time B. Anytime C. Some time D. Sometime14. A. brand B. code C. product \D. family15. A. when B. while C. as D. because16. A. constructive B. destructive C. instructive `D. obstructive17. A. sights B. addresses C. sites D. webs18. A. profit B. profile C. propose ~D. protect19. A. socially B. conditionally C. morally D. environmentally20. A. nursery B. grocery C. bakery *D. stationeryText12Responsibilities. We all have them; most of us have more than we’d like. That doesn’t change the reality that, sooner or later, we all have to1up to them. But perhaps it does explain our2to add to the ever-growing list. There’s already so much to do in a day, why tack on an3burden？Unfortunately, it’s this kind of defeatist mentality4keeps people from enhancing their lives through proper5and exercise. Here is the salient point, though: The health and fitness benefits you’ll derive from6the necessary work are worth whatever sacrifices you must make7the way. I can’t count how many times I’ve heard the same8. Each time, I always give the same response: Yes, I say, working out is work. So is taking the9to eat right.10yourself on the。
考研英语完形填空常见固定搭配
考研英语完形填空常见固定搭配考研英语完形填空中，往往会出现一些常见的固定搭配。
这些搭配一般指两个或以上的单词组合在一起，具有固定的语法、语义和运用方式。
本文将介绍一些常见的固定搭配，帮助考生在考试中更好地理解和掌握。
1. by and large“by and large”是一种固定的副词短语，表示“总的来说，大体上来讲”。
在完形填空中，常用于句首，起到引出总体情况的作用。
例如：•By and large, I think the new policy will be beneficial for our company.意为“总的来说，我认为新政策对我们的公司会有益。
”2. come up with“come up with”是一个固定的动词短语，表示“想出，提出”。
在完形填空中，常用于描述某人或某组织提出了某个想法或计划。
例如：•The project team came up with a great solution to the problem.意为“项目组想出了一个解决这个问题的好方案。
”3. in line with“in line with”是一个固定的介词短语，表示“与……一致”。
在完形填空中，常用于描述某物或某个事物与另一个物或事物的关系。
例如：•The new policy is in line with the company’s long-term goals.意为“新政策与公司的长期目标保持一致。
”4. take advantage of“take advantage of”是一个固定的动词短语，表示“利用”。
在完形填空中，常用于描述某个人或组织利用一些机会或资源。
例如：•The company took advantage of the economic boom to expand its business.意为“公司利用经济繁荣的机会扩大了业务。
”5. as a matter of fact“as a matter of fact”是一个固定的副词短语，表示“事实上”。
完形填空高频词汇200个
完形填空高频词汇200个完形填空是英语考试中经常出现的题型，考察的是学生对于英语单词和语法的掌握程度。
为了帮助大家更好地应对这种题型，我们整理了200个高频词汇，供大家学习参考。
要想在完形填空中得高分，首先要熟记一些基础词汇，例如形容词(adjective)如happy、sad、beautiful、ugly、fat、thin等，名词(noun)如dog、cat、book、pen、house等，动词(verb)如run、jump、eat、swim、sleep等，以及一些表示时间(time)、地点(place)、数量(quantity)和情感(emotion)等的单词。
除了基础词汇外，还需要掌握一些高频词汇，例如：1. fact：事实2. achieve：实现3. feature：特征4. conclude：得出结论5. evidence：证据6. benefit：好处7. progress：进展8. source：来源9. suggest：暗示10. affect：影响11. expand：扩大12. issue：问题13. theory：理论14. approach：方法15. predict：预测16. estimate：估计17. invest：投资18. debate：辩论19. reveal：揭示20. propose：提议21. perspective：视角22. demonstrate：证明23. opinion：意见24. appearance：外观25. observe：观察26. potential：潜在的27. outcome：结果28. initial：最初的29. consequence：结果30. evaluate：评估31. strategy：策略32. attribute：归因于33. incorporate：包括34. mechanism：机制35. emphasis：强调36. interaction：互动37. justify：证明合理38. notion：概念39. crucial：至关重要的40. framework：框架41. assess：评估42. enhance：增强43. reinforce：加强44. pattern：模式45. context：上下文46. conflict：冲突47. contribute：贡献48. demonstrate：证明49. detect：检测50. differentiate：区分51. diverse：多样化52. domain：领域53. emerge：出现54. encounter：遇到55. evolve：进化56. function：功能57. generate：产生58. infer：推论59. interpret：解释60. investigate：调查61. logic：逻辑62. method：方法63. modify：修改64. motivate：激励65. objective：客观的66. occur：发生67. participation：参与68. perception：观念69. phenomenon：现象70. principle：原则71. procedure：程序72. promote：推广73. proportion：比例74. pursue：追求75. rely：依赖76. resource：资源77. restrict：限制78. seek：追求79. significance：意义80. strategy：策略81. structure：结构82. subject：主题83. technique：技术84. transfer：转移85. trend：趋势86. ultimate：最终的87. unique：独特的88. vary：变化89. analyze：分析90. apparent：显然的91. approach：途径92. attribute：属性93. capable：有能力的94. challenge：挑战95. circumstance：环境96. coherent：连贯的97. compatible：相容的98. complex：复杂的99. comprehensive：全面的100. consecutive：连续的101. constant：不断的102. crucial：关键的103. cumulative：累积的104. decisive：决定性的105. deliberate：故意的106. distinctive：独特的107. diverse：多样的108. dynamic：动态的109. elite：精英的110. emerging：新兴的111. empirical：经验主义的112. extensive：广泛的113. feasible：可行的114. flexible：灵活的115. fundamental：基础的116. gradual：逐渐的117. horizontal：横向的118. identical：一样的119. innovative：创新的120. integral：不可省略的121. intermittent：间歇的122. intrinsic：内在的123. intuitive：直观的124. liberal：开明的125. mature：成熟的126. notable：值得注意的127. obscure：模糊的128. odd：奇怪的129. ongoing：持续的130. opposite：相反的131. parallel：平行的132. permanent：永久的133. potential：潜在的134. preliminary：初步的135. prominent：卓越的136. psychological：心理的137. qualified：合格的138. random：随机的139. rational：理性的140. reciprocal：相互的141. relevant：相关的142. reliable：可靠的143. reluctant：不情愿的144. respective：各自的145. robust：强壮的146. routine：例行的147. sophisticated：老练的148. substantial：实质的149. successive：连续的150. subtle：微妙的151. sufficient：足够的152. superfluous：多余的153. theoretical：理论上的154. transparent：透明的155. ultimate：最后的156. unprecedented：史无前例157. valid：有效的158. vertical：垂直的159. vivid：生动的160. underlying：潜在的161. academic：学术的162. aggressive：积极的163. ambiguous：不明确的164. anguished：痛苦的165. animated：生气勃勃的166. ashamed：羞愧的167. authentic：真实的168. belligerent：好战的169. benevolent：仁慈的170. bitter：苦涩的171. blunt：坦率的172. boastful：自夸的173. brazen：厚颜无耻的174. candid：坦率的175. capricious：反复无常的176. cautious：小心的177. charming：迷人的178. cheerful：高兴的179. churlish：粗野的180. circumspect：谨慎的181. coherent：连贯的182. compassionate：有同情心的183. competitive：竞争的184. complacent：自满的185. compliant：顺从的186. composed：镇静的187. comprehensive：全面的188. considerate：体贴的189. contemptuous：鄙视的190. contented：满足的191. contrite：悔过的192. cool-headed：冷静的193. critical：批评的194. cryptic：神秘的195. daunting：令人畏惧的196. decisive：果断的197. delicate：纤细的198. demanding：需要努力的199. dependent：依赖的200. depressed：沮丧的希望大家可以根据这些高频词汇，进行针对性的复习，从而更好地应对英语考试。
考研英一历年完形填空真题大全
考研英一历年完形填空真题大全考研英一历年完形填空真题大全1Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Trust is a tricky business. On the one hand, it's a necessary condition 1 many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc. On the other hand, putting your 2, in the wrong place often carries a high 3.4, why do we trust at all? Well, because it feels good. 5 people place their trust in an individual or an institution, their brains release oxytocin, a hormone that 6 pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instruct that prompts humans to 7 with one another. Scientists have found that exposure 8 this hormone puts us in a trusting 9: In a Swiss study, researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects; those subjects were ready to lend significantly higher amounts of money to strangers than were their 10 who inhaled something else.11 for us, we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty that may 12 us. A Canadian study found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate 13 a credible person and a dishonest one. Sixty toddlers were each 14 to an adult tester holding a plastic container. The tester would ask, “What’s in here?”before looking into the container, smiling,and exclaiming, “Wow!”Each subject was then invited to look 15. Half of them found a toy; the other half 16 the container was empty-and realized the tester had 17 them.Among the children who had not been tricked, the majority were 18 to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill, demonstrating that they trusted his leadership. 19, only five of the 30 children paired with the “20”tester participated in a follow-up activity.1. [A] on [B] like [C] for [D] from2. [A] faith [B] concern [C] attention [D] interest3. [A] benefit [B] debt [C] hope [D] price4. [A] Therefore [B] Then [C] Instead [D] Again5. [A]Until [B] Unless [C] Although [D] When6. [A] selects [B] produces [C] applies [D] maintains7. [A] consult [B] compete [C] connect [D] compare8. [A] at [B] by [C]of [D]to9. [A] context [B] mood [C] period [D] circle10.[A] counterparts [B] substitutes [C] colleagues [D]supporters11.[A] Funny [B] Lucky [C] Odd [D] Ironic12.[A] monitor [B] protect [C] surprise [D] delight13.[A] between [B] within [C] toward [D] over14.[A] transferred [B] added [C] introduced [D] entrusted15.[A] out [B] back [C] around [D] inside16.[A] discovered [B] proved [C] insisted [D] .remembered17.[A] betrayed [B]wronged [C] fooled [D] mocked18.[A] forced [B] willing [C] hesitant [D] entitled19.[A] In contrast [B] As a result [C] On the whole [D] For instance20.[A] inflexible [B] incapable [C] unreliable [D] unsuitable考研英一历年完形填空真题大全2Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Though not biologically related, friends are as "related" as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is 1 a study published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has 2 .The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted 3 1932 unique subjects which 4 pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both 5 .While 1% may seem 6 , it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, "Most people do not even 7 their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who 8 our kin."The study 9 found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity. Why this similarity in olfactory genes is difficult to explain, for now. 10 Perhaps, as the team suggests, it drawsus to similar environments but there is more 11 it. There could be many mechanisms working in tandem that 12 us in choosing genetically similar friends 13 than "functional kinship" of being friends with 14 !One of the remarkable findings of the study was that the similar genes seem to be evolving 15 than other genes. Studying this could help 16 why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major 17 factor.The findings do not simply corroborate people's 18 to befriend those of similar 19 backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to 20 that all subjects, friends and strangers were taken from the same population. The team also controlled the data to check ancestry of subjects.Section II Reading Comprehension1、What2、Concluded3、On4、Compared5、Samples6、Insignificant7、Know8、Resemble9、Also10、Perhaps11、To12、Drive13、Ratherthan14、Benefits15、Faster16、understand17、Contributory18、Tendency19、Ethnic20、see考研英一历年完形填空真题大全3Directions：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A]，[B]，[C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health.”But __1___some claims to the contrary，laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness Laughter does __2___short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels，___3_ heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hardlaughter is difficult to __4__，a good laugh is unlikely to have __5___ benefits the way，say，walking or jogging does.__6__，instead of straining muscles to build them，as exercise does，laughter apparently accomplishes the __7__，studies dating back to the 1930‘s indicate that laughter__8___ muscles，decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.Such bodily reaction might conceivably help _9__the effects of psychological stress. Anyway，the act of laughing probably does produce other types of ___10___ feedback，that improve an individual ‘s emotional state. __11____one classical theory of emotion，our feelings are partially rooted ____12___ physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry ___13___they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow.Although sadness also ____14___ tears，evidence suggests that emotions can flow __15___ muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988，social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of w ürzburg in Germany asked volunteers to __16___ a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile –or with their lips，which would produce a(n) __17___ expression. Those forced to exercise their enthusiastically to funny catoons than did those whose months were contracted in a frown，____19___ that expressions may influenceemotions rather than just the other way around __20__ ，the physical act of laughter could improve mood.1.[A]among [B]except [C]despite [D]like2.[A]reflect [B]demand [C]indicate [D]produce3.[A]stabilizing [B]boosting [C]impairing [D]determining4.[A]transmit [B]sustain [C]evaluate [D]observe5.[A]measurable [B]manageable [C]affordable [D]renewable6.[A]In turn [B]In fact [C]In addition [D]In brief7.[A]opposite [B]impossible [C]average [D]expected8.[A]hardens [B]weakens [C]tightens [D]relaxes9.[A]aggravate [B]generate [C]moderate [D]enhance10.[A]physical [B]mental [C]subconscious [D]internal11.[A]Except for [B]According to [C]Due to [D]As for12.[A]with [B]on [C]in [D]at13.[A]unless [B]until [C]if [D]because14.[A]exhausts [B]follows [C]precedes [D]suppresses15.[A]into [B]from [C]towards [D]beyond16.[A]fetch [B]bite [C]pick [D]hold17.[A]disappointed [B]excited [C]joyful [D]indifferent18.[A]adapted [B]catered [C]turned [D]reacted19.[A]suggesting [B]requiring [C]mentioning [D]supposing20.[A]Eventually [B]Consequently [C]Similarly [D]Conversely考研英一历年完形填空真题大全4Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samles of information they were working with. 4 , he theorised that a judge 5 of apperaring too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr. Simonsoho suspected the truth was 11 .He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews 12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicant’s score on the Granduate ManagentAdimssion Test, or GMAT, a standardized exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr. Simonsoho found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate could need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20 .1. [A] grants [B]submits [C]transmits [D]delivers2. [A] minor [B]objective [C]crucial [D] external3. [A] issue [B]vision [C]picture [D]external4. [A] For example [B] On average [C]In principle [D]Above all5. [A] fond [B] fearful [C]capable [D] thoughtless6. [A] in [B] on [C] to [D] for7. [A] if [B] until [C] though [D] unless8. [A] promote [B] emphasize [C] share [D]success9. [A] decision [B] quality [C] status [D] success10. [A] chosen [B] studied [C] found [D] identified11. [A] exceptional [B] defensible [C] replaceable [D] otherwise12. [A] inspired [B] expressed [C] conducted [D] secured13. [A] assigned [B] rated [C] matched [D] arranged14. [A] put [B] got [C] gave [D] took15. [A] instead [B] then [C] ever [D] rather16. [A] selected [B] passed [C] marked [D] introduced17. [A] before [B] after [C] above [D] below18. [A] jump [B] float [C] drop [D] fluctuate19. [A] achieve [B] undo [C] maintain [D] disregard20. [A] promising [B] possible [C] necessary [D] helpful。
考研英语完形填空绝对经典540词
11：classify……as, 意思是“将……归类为”，要注意搭配。如：This is why some have classified virtues as distinguished by reason.意思是：这就是为什么有些人已经将美德归类为具有鲜明的理性的特点。
12：employ, 主要考“使用”的意思，相当于use, 如：They can successf to realize their goals.意思是：他们可以通过成功的使用一个伟大的战略来实现他们的目标。
33：for example, 相当于for instance, such as, 意思是“例如，比如说”，经常在接一个具体的例子的时候用到。
34：affect, 动词的影响，如：It hoped they would learn how shop-floor lighting affected workers’ productivity. 意思是：它希望他们能够得知工作室的光线是如何影响工人的生产率的。
考研英语完形填空绝对经典540词之一
合肥新东方资深考研英语老师 谢狂飞
1：consider, 考虑到，如，Consider the experiments……，相当于think about , think of,用来接具体的一个例子。
2：so long as, 只要，如：So long as you keep on working hard, you will eventually realize your dream.意思和as long as 一样。
18：paradoxical, 意思是“矛盾的”。如:So it seems paradoxical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation.所以看起来在和谈论创造力和创新力一样的背景中来谈论习惯似乎是矛盾的。
考研英语完形填空词组和短语总结
词组1. 短语动词短语动词指的是由动词加介词、副词或其他词构成的固定词组。
最常见的几类短语动词包括：动+介，动+副，动+名+介，动+副+介。
第1章动词+介词/动词+副词1.up用于短语动词一般表示位置或动态，常见搭配的动词有：gather up意为“收集，蜷缩，概括”如：The child gathered up his toys and put them away.（孩子把他的玩具收拾起来放好）work up意为“逐步建立，逐步发展，逐步引起，整理”如：I worked up this business from nothing.（我在一无所有的情况下把这个事业逐步发展起来的，或，我白手起家）pick up意为“拾起，染上，学到，整理，收听到，好转”如：Trade has been slack for the past six months, but it is now picking up.（过去六个月里商业一直很萧条，但现在情况正在好转）另有：sum up意为“总结”; speed up意为“加速”;beat up意为“毒打”;choke up意为“说不出话”;dress up意为“盛装”;end up意为“结束”;hold up意为“阻止，妨碍”;mix up意为“混淆”;play up意为“强调”;sign up意为“签约”;take up意为“从事”;wash up意为“洗餐具”；give up to意思是“让给”2.on用于短语动词一般表示在某方面和关于某事，常见搭配的动词有：rely on意为“依赖，依靠”如：She relies on her parents for tuition.（她的学费依赖于父母）act on意为“对……起作用”如：Alcohol acts on the brain.（酒精对大脑起作用）comment on意为“对……做出评论”如：He commented on the bad weather here.（他对这里糟糕的天气发表评论）。
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考研完型填空核心词汇Displacement n.移置, 转移, 取代, 置换, 位移, 排水量dramatic adj.戏剧性的, 生动的eventually adv.最后, 终于exhibit vt.展出, 陈列n.展览品, 陈列品, 展品v.展示exploitation n.开发, 开采, 剥削, 自私的利用, 宣传, 广告fluctuations n.波动, 起伏highlighted adj.突出的implicit adj.暗示的, 盲从的, 含蓄的, 固有的, 不怀疑的, 绝对的induced vt.劝诱, 促使, 导致, 引起, 感应#inevitably adv.不可避免infrastructure n.下部构造, 基础下部组织inspection n.检查, 视察intensity n.强烈, 剧烈, 强度,亮度manipulation n.处理, 操作, 操纵offset n.抵销, 弥补, 分支, vt.弥补, 抵销, 用平版印刷vi.偏移, 形成分支paragraph n.(文章)段, 节, 段落plus prep.加上adj.正的, 加的practitioners n.从业者, 开业者predominantly adv.卓越的, 支配的, 主要的, 突出的, 有影响的.prospect n.景色, 前景, 前途, 期望vi.寻找, 勘探radical adj.根本的, 基本的, 激进的n.激进分子random n.随意, 任意adj.任意的, 随便的, 胡乱的adv.胡乱地reinforce vt.加强, 增援, 补充, 增加...的数量, 修补, 加固n.加固物restore vt.恢复, 使回复, 归还, 交还, 修复, 重建revision n.修订, 修改, 修正, 修订本schedule n.时间表, 进度表v.确定时间tension n.紧张(状态), 不安, 拉紧, 压力, 张力, vt.拉紧, 使紧张termination n.终止thereby adv.因此, 从而, 在那方面, 在那附近;uniform adj.统一的, 相同的, 一致的,；n.制服vt.使成一样, 使穿制服vehicle n.交通工具, 车辆, 媒介物, 传达手段via prep.经, 通过, 经由virtually adv.事实上, 实质上widespread adj.分布广泛的, 普遍的visual adj.看的, 视觉的, 形象的, 栩栩如生的accommodation n.住处, 膳宿, (车, 船, 飞机等的)预定铺位, (眼睛等的)适应性调节analogous adj.类似的, 相似的, 可比拟的anticipate vt.预期, 期望, 过早使用, 先人一着, 占先v.预订, 预见, 可以预料assurance n.确信, 断言, 保证, 担保；attain vt.达到, 获得v.达到behalf n.为, 利益bulk n.大小, 体积, 大批, 大多数, 散装vt.显得大, 显得重要ceases v.停止, 终了,n.停止coherence n.一致coincide vi.一致, 符合commence v.开始，着手concurrent n同时发生的事件adj.并发的，协作的，一致的confined adj.被限制的，狭窄的，分娩的controversy n.论战,争论,辩论【conversely adv.倒的,逆的device n.装置,设计,图案,策略,发明物,设备；【计】安装设备驱动程序devote v.投身于,献身于diminish v.(使)减少,(使)变小distorted adj.扭曲的,受到曲解的duration n. 持续时间,为期erosion n. 腐蚀,浸蚀ethical adj.与伦理有关的,民族的,民族特有的founded v.建立,创立inherent adj.固有的,内在的,与生俱来的、insight n.洞察力,见识integral adj.完整的,整体的,【数学】积分的mature adj. 成熟的,到期的,充分考虑的,(票据等)到期的vt.使成熟vi.成熟,到期mediation n.仲裁,调解,调advocate n.提倡者, 鼓吹者vt.提倡, 鼓吹channel n.海峡, 水道, 沟, 路线vt.引导, 开导, 形成河道；信道,频道classical adj.古典的, 正统派的, 古典文学的comprehensive adj.全面的, 广泛的, 能充分理解的, 包容的comprise v.包含, 由...组成confirmed adj.证实的, 惯常的, 慢性的【contrary adj.相反的, 逆的,decades n.十年, 十definite adj.明确的, 一定的deny v.否认, 拒绝differentiation n.区别disposal n.处理, 处置, 布置, 安排, 配置, 支配empirical adj.完全根据经验的, 经验主义的, 【化】实验式equipment n.装备, 设备, 器材, 装置, 铁道车辆, 才能extract n.精, 汁, 榨出物, 摘录, 选粹vt.拔出, 榨取, 开方, 求根, 摘录, 析取, 吸取foundation n.基础, 根本, 建立, 创立, 地基, 基金, 基金会~guarantee n.保证, 保证书, 担保, 抵押品vt.保证, 担保hierarchical adj.分等级的identical adj.同一的, 同样的innovation n.改革, 创新insert vt.插入, 嵌入n.插入物intervention n.干涉isolated adj.隔离的,孤立的, 单独media n.媒体phenomenon n.现象priority n.先, 前, 优先, 优先权{prohibited v.禁止,严禁publication n.出版物, 出版, 发行, 公布, 发表release n.释放, 让渡, 豁免, vt.释放, 解放, 放弃, 发表n.版本, 发布reverse .相反, 背面, 反面, 倒退adj.相反的, 倒转的, 颠倒的vt.颠倒, 倒转simulation n.仿真, 假装模拟solely adv.独自地, 单独地somewhat adv.稍微, 有点, 有些submitted v.使服从,使顺从,提交successive adj.继承的, 连续的survive v.幸免于, 幸存, 生还`thesis n.论题, 论文transmission n.播送, 发射, 传动, 传送, 传输, 转播ultimately adv.最后, 终于, 根本, 基本上unique adj.唯一的, 独特的visible adj.看得见的, 明显的, 显著的n.可见物voluntary adj.自动的, 自愿的, 主动的, 故意的, 非官办的, 志愿的, 自发的abandon vt.放弃, 遗弃n.放任, 狂热accommodate vt.给方便, 帮助;使适应;供给...住宿, 照应, 招待;容纳;调停, 调解ambiguous adj.暧昧的, 不明确的appreciation n.感谢, 感激, 正确评价, 欣赏, 增值[arbitrable adj.可仲裁的automatically adv.自动地, 机械地bias n.偏见, 偏爱, 斜线vt.使存偏见chart n.海图, 图表vt.制图clarity n.清楚, 透明conformity n.一致, 符合commodity n.日用品complement n.补足物,【文法】补语, 【数】余角vt.补助, 补足contemporary n.同时代的人adj.当代的, 同时代的contradiction n.反驳, 矛盾、crucial adj.至关紧要的currency n.流通,通货denote vt.指示, 表示detected vt.察觉, 发觉, 侦查, 探测v.发现deviation n.背离,异端分子medium n.媒体,方法,媒介adj.中间的,中等的military adj.军事的,军用的minimal adj.最小的,最小限度的mutual adj.相互的,互相的portion n.一部分、preliminary n.预备的,初步的relaxed adj.松懈的,放松的,不严格的restraint n.抑制,控制image n.图像,肖像,映象,比喻vt.想象,反映,象征liberal adj.慷慨的,不拘泥的,宽大的licence n.执照,许可证,许可vt.认可,特许,发给执照logic n.逻辑,逻辑学,逻辑性marginal adj.页边的,边缘的mental adj.精神的,智力的modified v.¸改良,改进,修正…monitor n.监控,监视v.监视,监控notion n.概念,想法,观念,意见objective n.目标,目的adj.客观的orientation n.方向,方位,定位,向东方perspective n.透视画法,透视图,前景,远景,观点,看法,观察precise adj.精确的,准确的n.精确prime n.最初,青春,精华adj.主要的,最好的,根本的v.预先准备好psychology n.心理学,心理状态pursue n.追赶,追踪,从事,继续rejected n.被弃之物,落选者vt.拒绝,抵制,驳回]revenue n.收入,国家税收stability n.稳定性styles n.风格,时尚,问题,风度,类型substitution n.代替,取代作用,置换sustainable adj.可以支撑得起的,养得起的symbolic adj.象征的,符号的target n.目标,对象,靶子transition n.转换,转变,过渡trend n.倾向,趋势v.伸向,通向version n.译文,译本,翻译￥whereas conj.然而,反之,鉴于,尽管,但是abstract n.摘要,概要,抽象adj.抽象的,深奥的,理论的vt.摘要,提炼,理论化accurate adj.正确的,精确的acknowledged vt.承认,答谢,报偿allocation n.分配,安置assigned n.分配,指派attached v.缚上,贴上,系上bond n.结合物,连接,公债,债券,合同brief n.摘要,大纲adj.简短的,短暂的capable adj.有能力的,能干的,可以…的.cited v. 引用,引证,提名表扬cooperative adj.合作的,协力的discrimination n.辨别,区别,辨别力,歧视display v陈列,展览,显示n.陈列,展览,显示diversity n.差异,多样性domain n.领土,领地,范畴,领域edition n.版本,版enhance v.提高,增强estate n.状态,不动产,时期,阶层exceed v.超越,胜过其他?expert n.专家.行家.adj.老练的,内行的explicit adj.外在的,清楚的,直率的federal n.联邦的,联盟的,联合的fee n.费,酬金flexibility n. 弹性，适应性，机动性，挠性furthermore adj.此外，而且ignore vt. 不理睬，忽视;【律】（因证据不足而驳回）诉讼incentive n.动机adj.激励的incorporated adj.合并的，结社的，一体化的vt.合并，使组成公司,inhibition n.禁止，阻止，禁止，抑制…initiative n.主动instruction n.指示, 用法说明(书), 教育, 指导, 指令neutral n.中立者, 中立国, 非彩色, 齿轮的空档adj.中立的, 中立国的, 中性的, nevertheless conj.然而, 不过adv.仍然, 不过preceding adj.在前的, 前述的presumption n.假定rational adj.理性的, 合理的, 推理的n.【数】有理数scope n.(活动)范围, 机会, 余地subsidiary adj.辅助的, 补充的transformation n.变化, 转化, 改适, 改革, 转换@transport n.传送器, 运输, 运输机, 激动, 流放犯, 狂喜vt.传送, 运输, 流放, 放逐underlying adj.在下面的, 根本的, 潜在的, 【商】优先的adaptation n.适应, 改编, 改写本adult n.成人, 成年人adj.成人的, 成熟的benefit n.利益, 好处;vt.有益于, 有助于vi.受益consistent adj. 调和的, 坚固的（常与with连用）与…一致的context n.上下文, 文章的前后关系contract n.合同, 契约, 婚约v.使缩短, 感染, 订约create vt.创造, 创作, 引起, 造成data n.【计】资料, 数据$definition n.定义, 解说derived vt.得自vi.起源constraints n.约束，强制，拘束contribution n. 捐献，贡献，投稿convention 大会，协定，习俗，惯例coordination n.同等,调和,配合corresponding adj.相应的,通讯的criteria n.标准deduction n.减除,扣除,演绎,推导demonstrate vi.示范,证明vt.示威!emphasis n.强调,重点ensure v.确保,保证;保证得到excluded vt.排除在外,拒绝接纳immigration n.外来移民,移居入境implies v.暗示,意味着initial adj.最初的,词首的,初始的;n.词首字母instance n.实例,建议,要求,场合interaction n.相互作用justification n.辩护,释罪layer n.层,阶层(minorities n.少数,少数民族,未成年negative n.否定adj.否定的消极的v.否定,拒绝接受outcomes n.结果,成果partnership n.合伙,合伙企业,合伙契约physical adj.身体的,物理的,自然的,物质的proportion n.比例,均衡,面积,部分vt.使成比例,使均摊published v.出版,刊印,发表reaction n.反应,反作用registered adj.已登记的,已注册的,记名的reliance n.信任,信心,依靠的人或物]scheme n.安排,配置,方案v.计划,设计,图谋sequence n.次序,顺序,序列挨次specified v.指定,详细说明,列入清单sufficient adj.充分的,足够的technical adj.技巧的,技术的project n.计划, 方案, 事业, 企业, 工程v.设计, 计划, 发射(导弹等), 凸出promote vt.促进, 发扬, 提升, 提拔, 晋升为retain vt.保持, 保留series n.连续, 系列, 丛书, 级数status n.身份, 地位, 情形, 状况；stress n.重压, 逼迫, 压力, 重点, 着重, 强调, 重音vt.着重, 强调, 重读subsequent adj.后来的, 并发的sum n.总数, 和, 金额, 算术题summary n.摘要, 概要undertaken vbl. undertake的过去分词academic adj.学院的, 理论的adjustment n.调整, 调节, 调节器amendment n.改善, 改正aware adj.知道的, 明白的, 意识到的capacity n.容量, 生产量, 容量, 智能, 才能, 能力, 接受力<challenge n.挑战vt.向..挑战clause n.子句,条款compounds n.混合物adj.混合的v.混合,配合conflict n.斗争,冲突,vi.抵触,冲突consultation n.请教,咨询,磋商,会诊contact n.接触,联系vt.接触,联系decline vi.下倾,下降,下垂v.婉拒,衰落n.下倾,下降,下垂draft n.草稿,草案,草图v.草拟,起草enable vt.使能够,給予权利或方法energy n.精力,精神,活力;enforcement n.执行,强制equivalent adj.相等的,相当的n.等价物,相当物evolution n.进展,演变,进化exposure n.暴露,揭露,揭发,位置,方向,陈列facilitate vt.使…容易,使…便利,推动fundamental adj基础的,基本的n.基本原则,基础原理generated vt.产生,发生distribution n.分配, 分发, 配给物, 销售,区分, 分类,发送,发行economic adj.经济(上)的, 产供销的, 经济学的environmental adj.周围的, 环境的。