2016全国卷高考语法专题虚拟语气

高考英语语法专题虚拟语气
一虚拟语气概述
●述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于述句、疑问句和某些感
叹句。

如：
There are two sides to every question.
Were you busy all day yesterday?
●祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。

如：
Never be late again!
Don’t forget to turn off the light.
●虚拟语气：______________________________________________________________如：
If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.
●条件句分为真实条件句与非真实条件句。

虚拟语气属于非真实条件
真实条件表示现实情况中可能实现的情况；而非真实条件表示与现实情况相反的假想。

1. If the working conditions are not too bad, I will accept the job.
如果工作条件不太差，我会接受这项工作。

(真实条件)
2. If the working conditions were not too bad, I would accept the job.
如果工作条件不太差，我就接受这项工作了。

(非真实条件)
3. He said if he failed, he would have another try.
他说他如果失败，他还会再试一次。

(真实条件)
4. If he had failed, he would have had another try.
如果他失败的话，他会再试一次的。

(非真实条件)
二高考真题再现
1（2015高考23题）Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I _________ as well as her.
A. dance
B. will dance
C. had danced
D. danced
2 （2014·高考23题）We would rather our daughter ________ at home with us，but it is her choice，and she is not a child any longer.
A. would stay
B. has stayed
C. stayed
D. stay
3 (2013·高考12题)My mom suggests that we _____ eat out for a change this weekend.
A. should
B. might
C. could
D. would
4 (2012高考17题). If my car _________more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.
A. was
B. had been
C. should be
D. would be
5 (2011高考22题).I__________ through that bitter period without your generous help.
A. couldn’t have gone
B. didn’t go
C. wouldn’t go
D. hadn’t gone
6 (2010高考15题) If we ___ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.
A. take
B. had taken
C. took
D. have taken
三虚拟语气考点精讲
一非真实条件句
1. if条件状语从句中的虚拟语气
【活学巧用】
1.If I were to do it, I _______ it in a different way.
A. shall do
B. will do
C. would do
D. have done
2. If you asked your father, you ________ permission.
A. may get
B. might get
C. should have got
D. may be get
3. If he _____ my advice, he wouldn’t have lost his job.
A. followed
B. should follow
C. had followed
D. would follow
4. If we ______ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.
A. take
B. had taken
C. took
D. have taken
5. ---John went to the hospital alone.
---If he _______ me about it, I would have gone with him.
A. should tell
B. tells
C. told
D. had told
6. Maybe if I _______ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.
A. studied
B. would study
C. had studied
D. was studying
2.混合虚拟结构
(1)不同时间的虚拟
If he had listened to me, he would not be in trouble now.
（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反）
If he had told me yesterday, I should know what to do now.
（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反）
If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party.
（从句与现在事实相反，主句与过去事实相反）
(2) 虚拟与述的混合
He could have passed the exam, but he wasn’t careful enough.
You should have come earlier. The bus left a moment ago.
【活学巧用】
1. The tree looked as if it ______ for a long time.
A. hasn't watered
B. didn't water
C. hadn't been watered
D. wasn't watered
2. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ______in love at the age of seven, with Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.
A. wouldn’t have fallen
B. had not fallen
C. should fall
D. were to fall
二含蓄条件句
非真实条件句中的条件从句不出现if，假想条件只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。

What would I have done without you?
如没有你，我会怎么办呢？
It would be easier to do it this way.
这样做会比较容易。

I would appreciate a little of your time.
你给我一点时间吧。

1. without/but for/in the absence of
表示“要不是”，“如果没有”(相当于if it were not for)表示条件时，句中一般用虚拟语气。

Without your help, I couldn' t finish my work on time.
In the absence of water and air, nothing could live.
But for your assistance, we could not accomplish it.要不是你的帮忙，我们是难有成就的。

2.句中含有or, or else, otherwise, but等词语，暗示句子的某一部分(前句或后句)需用虚拟语气。

He was on business in Beijing at that time; otherwise he might have helped us.
Luckily Mary telephoned to inform me of the meeting, or I would have been absent.
I should have attended my friend’s wedding ceremony, but I couldn’t afford the time.
【活学巧用】
1.But for the help of my English teacher, I _______ the first prize in the English Writing Competition.
A.would not win
B. would not have won
C. would win
D. would have won
2.I _______ sooner but I didn’t know that they were waiting for me.
A.had come
B. was coming
C. would come
D. would have come
3.I ______ through that bitter period without your generous help.
A.couldn’t have gone
B. didn’t go
C. wouldn’t go
D. hadn’t gone
4.---Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.
---I ______ it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview.
A.attended
B. had attended
C. would attend
D. would have attended
5.But for their help, we _______ the program in time.
A.can not finish
B. will not finish
C. had not finish
D. could not have finished
6.Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think we ______ it without you.
A.can manage
B. could have managed
C. could manage
D. can have managed
7.Without electronic computers, much of today’s advanced technology _____.
A.will not have been achieved
B. have not been achieved
C. would not have been achieved
D. had not been achieved
三非真实条件句倒装
省略连词if。

在书面语中，如果虚拟条件从句中有were，had 或should，可以把if省略，把这几个词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。

1.If he had seen you yesterday，he would have asked you about it.
→Had he seen you yesterday，he would have asked you about it.
2.If I were you，I would do it at once.
→Were I you，I would do it at once.
3. Should he come (If he should come), tell him to ring me up.
4. Were I you (If I were you), I would not do it. 我要是你，就不做这事。

5. Had he had lunch (If he had had lunch), he would not have eaten so many cookies.
【活学巧用】
1.Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy _____.
A.Would have been saved
B. had been saved
C. will be saved
D. was saved
2.______ I you, I would go with him to the party.
A.was
B. had been
C. will be
D. were
四宾语从句中的虚拟语气
1.下列动词后的宾语从句中insist(坚持)，urge (催促)，order(命令)，command(命令)，request(请求，
要求)，demand(要求)，require(要求，需要)suggest(建议)，advise(建议)，propose(建议) , recommend(建议，推荐) 用(should ) +动词原形
He suggested that we (should) save money for the future.
The undergraduate insisted that he (should) go to work in the south.
※注意：当suggest表示暗示，insist表示坚持观点，事实时，后接的宾语从句应当用真实语气。

His silence suggested that he agreed with my decision.
He insists that doing morning exercises does well to people’s health.
2.wish后接that宾语从句表示一种假想情况，实现可能性较小
(1)对现在情况的虚拟，假想的情况与主句主语的愿望同时发生：宾语从句动词用过去式，谓语be用were。

例：
I wish I knew the answer to the question.
我希望知道这个答案。

I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.
但愿我的家乡四季如春。

Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese.
现在他在中国，他希望能懂得中文。

(2)假想的情况在主句主语愿望前发生：宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时，例：
I wish I hadn't wasted so much time.
我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。

He wishes he hadn't lost the chance.
他真希望没有失去机会。

We wished he had spoken to us.
(3)假想的情况在主句主语愿望之后发生：从句谓语动词用would+原形动词
I wish it would stop raining. 我希望雨能停止
I wish you would be quiet. 我希望你安静一些。

You wished she would arrive the next day. 你希望她第二天会到。

I wish she would change her mind.我希望她会改变主意。

【活学巧用】
1. I wish I ______ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.
A. could have slept
B. slept
C. might have slept
D. have slept
2. ---Where are the children? The dinner’s going to be completely ruined.
---I wish they _____ always late.
A. weren’t
B. hadn’t been
C. wouldn’t be
D. wouldn’t have been
3. Teachers recommend parents _____ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.
A. not allow
B. do not allow
C. mustn’t allow
D. couldn’t allow
4. The doctor recommended that you ______ swim after eating a large meal.
A.wouldn’t
B. couldn’t
C. needn’t
D. shouldn’t
5. How I wish I ______ to my parent s’ advice.
A. listening
B. listen
C. am listening
D. had listened
6. The workers in the factory demanded that their pay _____ by 20 percent.
A. be raised
B. would be raised
C. raised
D. raise
五主语从句中的虚拟语气
1. It is suggested/advised/ordered/requested/required…+that从句(should) do
It is proposed that more students should go to university.
2. It is natural/necessary/strange +that从句(should) do表惊奇、怀疑、惋惜、不满、理应如此等。

It’s strange that he should have missed the train. （表竟然）
It is important that we should learn from others.（表理应如此）
It is a pity that he should not go with us.(表惊讶、不满)
例题分析：It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios ______ after 11 o'clock at night.
A. were not played
B. not be played
C. not to play
D. did not play
3. I It is high time that+从句= It is time that+从句，该是...的时候了，后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。

It is (high/about) time we went home.
It is time that the children went to bed.
It is high time that the children should go to bed.
六其他名词性从句中的虚拟语气
1. My advice/suggestion/request/requirement/order/proposal…+ is +表语从句(should) do
My advice is that you should practise speaking English as often as possible.
The order from the commander was that the troops should set off for the front immediately.
2. His suggestion/advice/request/requirement…+同位语从句(should) do+ is..
The request that they should get more is reasonable.
注意：在一些名词性从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”或“should +have done”，表示惊讶、意志等感情色彩，译为“竟然，居然”。

I am surprised /shocked that you should speak in such a way。

I find it astonishing that he should be so rude to his mum。

It is strange /surprising that she should not have been invited。

I am glad that your story should have won the first prize。

七其他句式中的虚拟语气
1. would rather +从句，常用过去时did表示与现在或将来事实相反的愿望，用过去完成时had done表示
与过去事实相反的愿望。

I would rather you came tomorrow.
I would rather you hadn’t told her the news.
Frankly speaking, I would rather you came t omorrow. The manager isn’t available today.
I would rather you had gone to the party with me last night. It was really wonderful.
【活学巧用】
1. “Shall I come tomorrow ?” “I’d rather you _________.”
A. won’t
B. didn’t
C. don’t
D. wouldn’t
2. “I’ve told him about it.” “But I’d rather you _________.”
A. didn’t
B. hadn’t
C. don’t
D. wouldn’t
3. “He will take you as well.” “But I’d rather he _________.”
A. won’t
B. didn’t
C. doesn’t
D. wouldn’t
4. Most insurance agents would rather you _____ anything about collecting claims until they investigate the situation.
A. do
B. don’t
C. didn’t
D. didn’t do
2. If only +从句同样表示假想，意为“要是…就好了” ，相当于wish (过去式-与现在相反)/ (would+动词原形-与将来相反) /( 过去完成时-与过去相反)
If my grandmother were with me! 如果我的祖母与我在一起多好啊!
If only she had not left! 如果她没走就好了!
If only he would come tomorrow!
If only I had taken her advice!
注意：only if是“只要”的意思，从句中用述语气
【活学巧用】
1. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I ____ your advice.
A. follow
B. had followed
C. would follow
D. have followed
2. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I ______ your advice.
A. follow
B. would follow
C. had followed
D. have followed
3. as if/though +从句表示说话人假想的情况，用法同wish (过去式-与现在相反)/ (would+动词原形-与将来相反) /( 过去完成时-与过去相反)
He felt as if he alone were responsible for what had happened.
他感到仿佛唯独他要对发生的一切负责。

The old man looked at the picture, he felt as though he had gone back to time 20 years ago.
They talked and talked as if they would never meet again.
他们谈了又谈，仿佛他们不会再相见的样子。

【活学巧用】
1.he speaks Chinese as fluently as if he ______ a Chinese.
A.were
B. had been
C. is
D. has been
2. Looking round the town, he felt as though he ______ away for ages.
A. has been
B. was
C. is
D. had been
4. lest, for fear that, in order that及in case引导的目的状语从句，其谓语动词多由should＋动词原形构成，should可省略
He was punished lest he should make the same mistake again．他被处以惩罚以免他再犯。

【活学巧用】
1. The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he _____ himself.
A. injure
B. injured
C. had injure
D. would injure
四虚拟语气题组训练
1. --- I’m sorry. I _______ at you the other day.
--- Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself.
A. shouldn’t shout
B. shouldn’t have shouted
C. mustn’t shout
D. mustn’t have shouted
2. Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think we ____ it without you.
A. can manage
B. could have managed
C. could manage
D. can have managed
3. ____ he had not hurt his leg, John would have won the race.
A. If
B. Since
C. Though
D. When
4. --- If the traffic hadn’t been so heavy, I could have been back by 6 o’clock.
--- What a pity! Tina ____here to see you.
A. is
B. was
C. would be
D. has been
5. He suggested that the person ____to be punished.
A. refers
B. refer
C. should refer
D. referred
6. --- Do you think the thief entered the room through the back door?
--- No, if he had, I don’t believe he ____the living-room window.
A. would break
B. broke
C. would have broken
D. breaks
7. --- ____he come to see you as he promised?
--- Of course, please, and I’d rather he ____ me the truth.
A. Will; informed
B. Shall; told
C. Should; will tell
D. Can; tell
8. I forget where I read the article, or I ________ it to you now.
A. will show
B. would show
C. am going to show
D. am showing
9. “It looks as if he were drunk.” “So it does. _________.”
A. He’d better give up drinking
B. He shouldn’t have drunk so much
C. Health is more important than drink
D. I wonder why he is always doing so
10. “Mary looks hot and dry” “So _________ you if you had so high a fever.”
A. do
B. are
C. will
D. would
11. “He will come tomorrow.” “But I’d rather he _________ the day after tomorrow.”
A. will come
B. is coming
C. came
D. had come
12. All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he ________ badly wounded and that he ________ at once.
A. should be; be operated on
B. were; must be operated on
C. was; should be operated
D. was; be operated on
13. _________ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung.
A. Was he given up
B. Had he given up
C. Did he give
D. If he gave up
14.—Why didn’t you come to Mike's birthday party yesterday?
— Well, I________, but I forgot it.
A.should have
B.must
C.should
D.must have
15. Ito go for a walk, but someone called and I couldn’t get way.
A. was planning
B. had planned
C. planned
D. would plan
16. I would like _______ you to my birthday party, but I was busy and forgot to call you.
A. to invite
B. inviting
C. to have invited
D. having invited
17. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he ______ our chairman now.
A. must have been
B. would have been
C. were
D. would be
18. ______ the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday.
A. In spite of
B. But for
C. Because of
D. As for
19. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as if the sun ________round the earth.
A. were circling
B. circles
C. is circling
D. be circling
20. Had he worked harder, he _____ the exams.
A. must have got through
B. would have got through
C. would get through
D. could get through
21. I'd rather you _____ by train, because I can't bear the idea of your being in an airplane in such bad weather.
A. would go
B. should go
C. went
D. had gone
22. _____ for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be so thriving as it is.
A. Had it not been
B. Were it not
C. Be it not
D. Should it not be
23. We are all for your proposal that discussion _____.
A. be put off
B. was put off
C. should put off
D. is to put off
24. Look at the terrible situation I am in! if only I ____ your advice.
A. follow
B. had followed
C. would follow
D. have followed
25. Without electronic computers, much of today’s advanced technology ______ .
A. will not have been achieved
B. have not been achieved
C. would not have been achieved
D. had not been achieved
26. Most insurance agents would rather you______ anything about collecting claims until they investigate the
situation.
A. do
B. don’t
C. didn’t
D. didn’t do
27. As usual, he put on a show as though his trip______ a great success.
A. had been
B. has been
C. were
D. was
28. Looking round the town, he felt as though he ______ away for ages.
A．has been B. was C. is D. had been
29. Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she ______ a job she probably wouldn't be
able to see her friends very often.
A. has to get
B. had got
C. were to get
D. could have got
30. I was really anxious about you. You ____home without a word.
A. mustn’t leave
B. shouldn’t have left
C. couldn’t have left
D. needn’t leave
四高考真题训练
1（2015·高考）13.It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I ________ it?
A. had done
B.have done
C.did
D.am doing
2（2015·高考）34.We ________ back in the hotel now if you didn’t lose the map.
A.are
B.were
C.will be
D.would be
3（2015·高考）22.If Mr.Dewey ________ present，he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.
A.were
B.had been
C.should be
D.was
4（2015·高考）15.________ the morning train，he would not have been late for the meeting.
A.Did he catch
B.Should he catch
C.Has he caught
D.Had he caught
5（2014·高考）32.________ no modern telecommunications，we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.
A.Were there
B.Had there been
C.If there are
D.If there have been
6（2015·高考）16.They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation，or they ________ to our help.
A.would have come
B.could come
C.have come
D.had come
7（2015·高考）30.People are recycling many things which they ________ away in the past.
A.had thrown
B.will be throwing
C.were throwing
D.would have thrown
8（2014·高考29题）—It rained cats and dogs this morning.I’m glad we took an umbrella.
—Yeah,we would have got wet all over if we_________ .
A.hadn’t
B.haven’t
C.didn’t
D.don’t
9 (2014高考34题) If we __________ a table earlier,we wouldn’t be standing here in a queue.
A.have booked
B.booked
C.book
D.had booked
10(2014·高考14题)If he had spent more time practising speaking English before,he _____ able to speak it much better now.
A.will be
B.would be
C.has been
D.would have been
11(2014·高考30题)—Do you think George has passed the driving test?
—No.If so,he _____ his car to our college yesterday.
A.would drive
B.drove
C.would have driven
D.had driven
12(2014·高考8题)Eye doctors recommend that a child’s first eye exam______at the age of six months old.
A.was
B.be
C.were
D.is
13（2014·高考28题）Ito my cousin’s birthday party last night,but I was not available.
A.went
B.had gone
C.would go
D.would have gone
14（2014·高考30题）I should not have laughed if Iyou were serious.
A.thought
B.would think
C.had thought
D.have thought
15（2015高考23题）Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I _________ as well as her.
A. dance
B. will dance
C. had danced
D.danced
16（2014·高考23题）We would rather our daughter ________ at home with us，but it is her choice，and she is not a child any longer.
A.would stay
B.has stayed
C.stayed
D.stay
17(2013·高考12题)My mom suggests that we _____ eat out for a change this weekend.
A.should
B.might
C.could
D.would
18(2012高考17题). If may car _________more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.
A. was
B. had been
C. should be
D. would be
19(2011高考22题).I__________through that bitter period without your generous help.
A. couldn’t have gone
B. didn’t go
C. wouldn’t go
D. hadn’t gone
20(2010高考15题) If we ___ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.
A. take
B. had taken
C. took
D. have taken。