基于案例推理的知识系统的设计实现

摘要

近年来，随着计算机网络和并行技术的发展，人工智能再次成为人们研究的热点，基于案例的推理方法也越来越受到人们的重视。与传统的基于规则的系统相比，基于案例推理的系统具有简化知识获取、便于知识积累等优点，在没有很强的理论模型、领域知识不完全、经验知识丰富的故障诊断、决策支持等领域得到了广泛的应用。

本文介绍了如何通过案例推理方法来获取知识。讨论了基于案例推理的知识系统的设计和实现，并具体讲述了作者所实现的一个基于案例推理的知识系统。通过利用专家系统的故障智能诊断数据库的处理来自动构建知识库；利用知识库来解决通信网络设备等在实际操作中。本文将面向对象技术用于该项目中知识库的构造当中，以克服传统知识库所不能解决的难题。面向对象技术具有一系列优点，像表达自然、支持数据抽象、代码重用，以及易于维护和易于扩充等。

使用面向对象的方法，构建了网络故障管理信息模型。本文设计了面向对象知识库的推理机制。以推理机制的面向对象封装为基础，通过继承覆盖的手段，结合关联规则在推理中的执行特点，实现了正向推理策略和反向推理策略，并通过模拟仿真验证了两种推理策略的有效性。

关键词：网络故障管理；专家系统；知识表示；面向对象

Abstract

In recent years, along with calculator network with proceed together a technical shape, the artificial intelligence again becomes the hot spot that people study, also is more and more valued by people according to the reasoning logically of case method. With traditional according to rule of the system compare, the system reasoning logically according to the case has to simplify knowledge to obtain, easy to knowledge backlog etc. merit, at have no very strong theory pattern, realm knowledge incompletely, the fault when with well-informed experience break, decision making backing etc. realm to receive far-ranging application.

This text introduced how to reason logically method through a case to obtain knowledge. The design and realize of knowledge system talked about to reason logically according to the case, and concretely related a knowledge system that reasons logically according to the case that the author carries out. The approval makes use of the transaction of the fault intelligence diagnosis data bank of expert system to set up knowledge base; Make use of knowledge base to clinch a correspondence network the equipment wait at physically in operation. This text will face to an object technique to use for the item amid among the construction of knowledge base to overcome traditional knowledge base the hard nut to crack of incapability settle. The technique of facing to the object has a series of merit, if voices nature and favors a data abstract, code heavy use, and be easy to maintenance and be easy to an extension etc.

The use faces to the method of object and set up network fault supervision information pattern. This text designed to face to a reasoning logically of object knowledge base machining. With reason logically a facing to of machining object posting for foundation, pass the way of inheriting the overlay, combine correlation rule in the middle of reasoning logically of execution characteristics, carried out forward direction to reason logically strategy and reverse direction to reason logically strategy, and imitated to really verify two kinds of effectiveness that reason logically strategy through a simulation.

Key words：Network Fault Management; Expert System; Knowledge Representation; Object-Oriented