名词变形容词

名词变形容词

This model paper was revised by the Standardization Office on December 10, 2020

名词变形容词：

1．名词后加-y, 如：

luck→, cloud→; wind→windy; rain→rainy;

sun→, snow→snowy noise-noisy health→healthy

2．在名词后加-ly, 如：

friend→friendly love→→daily

3．方位名词加-ern，如：

east→eastern west→western south→southern north→northern

形容词后缀

（1）带有“属性，倾向，相关”的含义

1)-able, -ible, movable, comfortable, applicable, visible, responsible

2)-al, natural, additional, educational

3)-an, ane, urban, suburban, republican

4)-ant, -ent, distant, important, excellent

5)-ar, similar, popular, regular

6)-ary, military, voluntary

7)-ice, -atie, ical, politic, systematic, historic, physical,

8)-ine, masculine, feminine, marine

9)-ing, moving, touching, daring

10)-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish

11)-ive, active, impressive, decisive

12)-ory, satisfactory, compulsory

13)-il, -ile, -eel, fragile, genteel(文雅的)

(2) 表示“相象，类似”的含义

1)-ish, boyish, childish

2)-esque, picturesque

3)-like, manlike, childlike

4)-ly, , fatherly, scholarly, motherly

5)-some, troublesome, handsome

6)-y, milky, pasty

(3) 表示“充分的”含义

1)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful

2)-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various

3)-ent, violent,

(4) 表示由某种物质形成，制成或生产的含义

1)-en, wooden, golden, woolen

2)-ous, gaseous

3)-fic, scientific

(5) 表示方向的含义

1)-ern, eastern, western

2)-ward, downward, forward

(6) 表示“倍数”的含义

1)-ble, double, treble

2)ple, triple

3)-fold, twofold, tenfold

(7) 表示“”的含义 1)-teen, thirteen 2)-ty, fifty 3)-th, fourth, fiftieth (8) 表示国籍，语种，宗教的含义 1)-an, Roman, European 2)-ese, Chinese, 3)-ish, English, Spanish (9) 表示“比较程度”的含义 1)-er, greater 2)-ish, reddish, yellowish 3)-est, highest 4)-most, foremost, topmost (10)其他的含义 -less, 表示否定，countless, stainless, wireless

形容词变副词的规则：

1.一般情况下直接加“ly”，如quick---quickly

2.以“y”结尾的,先将“y”改成“i”,再加“ly”，如happy---happily

少数以e结尾的形容词，要去掉e再加-ly。例如：true-truly等。

但绝大多数以e结尾的形容词仍然直接加-ly。例如：polite-politely, wide-widely 等。

形容词变副词通常是加ly,其变化有规律可循,请记住以下口诀：

一般直接加，“元e”去e加，“辅y”改i加，“le”结尾e改y。

分别举例如下：

quick—quickly,

true—truly,

happy—happily,

possible—possibly.

另外：

一、在形容词词尾直接加-ly。如:real-really; helpful-helpfully; careful-carefully; hopeful-hopefully; slow-slowly; quick-quickly; quiet-quietly

二、以加y结尾的形容词要变y为i,然后再加-ly。如:busy-busily; angry-angrily; easy-easily

三、某些以加不发音的字母e结尾和以-ue结尾的形容词要先去掉e,然后再加-y或-ly。如: terrible-terribly; true-truly; gentle-gently

另外,副词还可以由形容词加前缀a-得来,如:loud (adj.)-aloud (adv.)

此外,部分名词加后缀也可变成副词,如:part-partly。

例句: It is partly her fault. 有部分是她的错。

需注意: friendly; motherly; lovely等词是形容词而非副词。

再看转化副词。在英语中,有些词既可以作形容词,又可以作副词,如early, much, fast, little, wide, loud等。由于这类词词性虽不同,但词形却一样,这就需要大家学会在特定语境中判断它们各自的词性。例句:Thank you very much. (adv.) 多谢。There is much water in the river. (adj.) 河里有很多水。The music is too loud. Please turn it down. (adj.) 音乐声太大,请调低点。He speaks loud enough. So everyone in the room can hear what he said. (adv.) 他说话的声音很大,所以房间里每个人都能听到他的话。