初中英语语法-虚拟语气

would/could/should/ might +V.(原)
过去
had done
would/could/should/ might+have+p.p.
未来
1. did / were 2. should do
would/could/should/ might + V.(原)
3. were to do
• 我们建议Tom去休息一下。 • 他坚决要求我到场。 • 国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。 • 他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。
We suggested that Tom (should) have a rest.
He insisted that I (should) be present.
The king ordered that the prisoners (should) be killed the next day.
1.英语动词有三种语气， 陈述语 气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。 （见课本P 170页）。
2. 定义：用来表示说的话不是事 实，或者是不可能发生的情况， 而是一种愿望，建议，假设的 语气叫虚拟语气。
一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句 中的用法
条件从句 If 从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式
现在
did / were
They requested that we (should) send them to work there.
以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句 （包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语）也 要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。
order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desire
Were I you, I would give it up.
If it were not for your advice, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties.
Were it not for your advice, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties.
三： 虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点： 1.假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句
所假设的谓语动词不一致，叫做错综条件 虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照 假设的时间而顶。
If the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing still better.
• It’s suggested that the plan be carried out.
• My demand is that she should come to see me once a week.
• All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down.
1. If I had HIV, I would know because I would feel sick.
2. If I were you, I would give AIDS patient a
hug.
与现在事实相反
3. If I had taken your advice, I wouldn’t have made a mistake.
8. It’s necessary /strange/ natural/ important + that --- 从句中的动词要用虚拟，即 (should)+动词原形
• It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language.
• It is strange that she refuse to come to the party.
7. If we were to have three days off , we would enjoy a very happy life.
与未来事实相反
二、虚拟语气特殊句型： 1. wish 现在： 过去时 (did/were) + 宾语 过去： 过去完成时 (had done)
从句 未来： would/could/might+V. should • I wish I were a bird. (现在)
• I wish I hadn’t made such a mistake. (过去)
• We wish our parents wouldn’t punish us.
(未来)
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
现在： 过去时 2. would rather that --
过去： 过去完成时
未来： 过去时
• I would rather you paid me now. (现在) • I would rather you had gone, too. (过去) • Don’t come. I would rather you came
• It’s necessary that we should study hard.
9. It’s +high time+ that --- 从句中的动词要用 虚拟，即 should+动词原形. 也可用动词过 去时态。
It is high time that we should pay more
It’s high time that you were going.
It’s high time that you should go.
我们该睡觉了。It’s time that we went to bed.
It’s time that we should go to bed.
5. 表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。 1.宾语从句。常见动词：
4. If he had been there, it wouldn’t have
happened. 与过去事实相反
5. If it should rain tomorrow, they wouldn’t go for an outing.
6. I think we could do it, if we planed it properly and could borrow the tools.
6.without和but for 构成虚拟。(but for要不是) • Without sunlight, people’s life would be different from today.
• But for your help, I wouldn’t have finished the work.
• Without your help, I would have failed.
• But for water, it would be impossible to live in the desert.
7. If only …(要是…就好了) If only I knew his name! If only we had followed your advice! If only I could see him again! • 要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。 • 要是我没错过火车就好了！ If only our parents could live with us! If only I hadn’t missed the train!
If you had followed the teacher’s advice, you wouldn’t be in the hospital.
2.假设条件虚拟倒装。 条件从句中有should， were， had三个助动词可以把if省略，并将 这三个词提至句首。
If I were you, I would give it up.
tomorrow. (未来)
3. as if /though + 从句
现在：过去时 过去：过去完成时
• She loves the baby as if it were her own son.
• It seems as if it were spring.
• I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.
一个坚持：insist
两个命令：order, command
三个建议：advise, suggest, propose
四个要求：demand , require, request, desire 这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气
用法。即从句中的动词 使用should + 动词原 形，或者将should省略。
Should there be a flood, what should we do?
• They talked as if they had been friends for years.
• He looks as if he were drunk.
过去时 4.It’s (about/high) time +that --
should +V. 你该走了。It’s high time that you went.
If I had had time, I would have run round that lake again.
Had I had time, I would have run round that lake again.
If there should be a flood, what should we do?
attention to our environment.
It is high time that we payed more attention to our environment.
10. 某些简单句的固定句型： Heaven help him! God bless you! May you succeed! Long live the People’s Republic of China!