2018年英语 高考真题题组训练(四) 带答案

高考真题题组训练(四)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(2017全国Ⅰ,D)
A build-it-yourself solar still(蒸馏器) is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available.Developed by two doctors in the U.S.Department of Agriculture,it’s an excellent water collector.
Unfortunately,you must carry the necessary equipment with you,since it’s all but impossible to find natural substitutes.The only components required,though,are a 5'×5' sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic,six feet of plastic tube,and a container—perhaps just a drinking cup —to catch the water.These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.
To construct a working still,use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep.Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity.Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole.Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up —and out —the side of the hole.
Next,cover the hole with the plastic sheet,securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock.The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体) with 45-degree-angled sides.The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over,and no more than three inches above,the cup.
The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic.Ground water evaporates (蒸发) and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form,run down the material and fall off into the cup.When the container is full,you can suck the refreshment out through the tube,and won’t have to break down the still every time you need a drink.
1.What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph?
A.It’s delicate.
B.It’s expensive.
C.It’s complex.
D.It’s portable.
2.What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher”in paragraph 2 refer to?
A.The tube.
B.The still.
C.The hole.
D.The cup.
3.What is the last step of constructing a working solar still?
A.Dig a hole of a certain size.
B.Put the cup in place.
C.Weight the sheet’s center down.
D.Cover the hole with the plastic sheet.
4.When a solar still works,drops of water come into the cup from .
A.the plastic tube
B.outside the hole
C.the open air
D.beneath the sheet
语篇解读:本文为说明文。

介绍了一种可以随身携带的取水装置。

答案及剖析:
1.D 细节理解题。

根据文章第一段中“These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.”可知,此取水装置携带方便,故D项正确。

2.B 猜测词义题。

根据划线部分前的“To construct a working still...”以及其后的productivity可知,the water catcher指的是still,故B项正确。

3.C 细节理解题。

根据文中第二、三段内容,尤其是第三段中“...and weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock.”可知,制作这样一个取水装置的最后一个步骤是:用石块将塑料纸的中心压低一些。

故选C项。

4.D 推理判断题。

根据文中最后一段所述,水分蒸发后聚集在塑料纸上,然后滴落在杯中。

故这些水是在塑料纸下面。

Ⅱ.七选五(2017全国Ⅱ)
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while you’re trying to get work done.
1. ,there are several ways to handle things.Let’s take a look at them now.
2. .Tell the person you’re sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and then ask if the two of you can talk at a different time.
When people try to interrupt you,have set hours planned and let them know to come back during that time or that you’ll find them then. 3. .It can help to eliminate(消除) future interruptions.
When you need to talk to someone,don’t do it in your own office. 4. ,it’s much easier to excuse yourself to get back to your work than if you try to get someone out of your space even after explaining how busy you are.
If you have a door to your office,make good use of it.5. .If someone knocks and it’s not an important matter,excuse yourself and let the person know you’re busy so they can get the hint(暗示) that when the door is closed,you’re not to be disturbed.
A.If you’re busy,don’t feel bad about saying no
B.When you want to avoid interruptions at work
C.Set boundaries for yourself as far as your time goes
D.If you’re in the other person’s office or in a public area
E.It’s important that you let them know when you’ll be available
F.It might seem unkind to cut people short when they interrupt you
G.Leave it open when you’re available to talk and close it when you’re not
语篇解读:本文介绍了当别人打断你做事时,你应该怎么做,以及如何避免被别人打扰的方法。

答案及剖析:
1.B 空前的句子说的是:你在尽力把工作做完时被打断是最糟糕的事情之一。

空后说的是:有几个方法可以处理这个情况。

故B项(你想避免工作被打断时)与此处吻合。

2.A 空后的句子说的是:告诉打扰你的人你很抱歉,并解释说你有很多工作要做……说明此处的表达是:如果你忙,那么不要为拒绝别人而感到愧疚。

与A项吻合。

3.E 根据空前的句子:and let them know to come back during that time or that you’ll find them then.和空后的句子:这样做可以帮助消除以后的打扰。

可知,此处选E项(让别人知道你什么时候有空是重要的)。

4.D 根据上文When you need to talk to someone, don’t do it in your own office.及空后的内容:更容易为自己找理由回到工作中……可知,D项(如果你在别人的办公室或在一个公共场所)与此处吻合。

5.G 根据上文的If you have a door to your office, make good use of it.可知,此处说的是对办公室门的利用,选项中只有G项是对办公室门的利用,故选G项。

Ⅲ.短文改错(2017全国Ⅰ)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除:把多余的词用斜线()划掉。

修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。

In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday,I took driving lessons.I still remember how hard first day was.Before getting into the car,I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders,so once I started the car,my mind goes blank,I forgot what he had said to me altogether.The instructor kept repeating the word,“Speed up!”“Slow down!”“Turning left!”I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left.A few minutes late,the instructor asked me to stop the car.It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road.
答案:In the summer holiday following my birthday,I took driving lessons.I still remember how hard first day was.Before getting into the car,I thought I had learned the
instructor’s orders,once I started the car,my mind blank,I forgot what he had said to me altogether.The instructor kept repeating the ,“Speed up!”“Slow down!”“left!”
I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left.A few minutes ,the
instructor asked me to stop the car.It was a relief and I came to a stop just in the middle
the road.
剖析:第十八个生日应用序数词eighteenth。

在序数词前应用定冠词the。

(此处也可用形容词性物主代词)
根据语境,前后两句存在转折关系,故应用but或yet。

叙述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时。

根据后文教练所说的话,应用复数形式。

根据前文及语境,此处应用祈使句。

用so+形容词+that表示:太……以至于(不能)……
几分钟后应用a few minutes later来表示。

根据句子结构,应用形容词作定语修饰名词。

表示“在……中间”应用:in the middle of...
Ⅳ.书面表达(2017全国Ⅰ)
假定你是李华,正在教你的英国朋友Leslie学习汉语。

请你写封邮件告知下次上课的计划。

内容包括:
(1)时间和地点;
(2)内容:学习唐诗;
(3)课前准备:简要了解唐朝的历史。

注意:1.词数100左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。

One possible version:
Dear Leslie,
I am Li Hua.How is everything getting along with you?I’m writing to tell you something in details.
To start with,what I intend to stress is that we are about to start our next lesson in Classroom 8 of the Teaching Building at 10 a.m. next Friday.What’s more,in order to have much knowledge of Chinese culture,it is of importance for you to be aware of the content,Tang Poetry.
There is no doubt that you are supposed to know about the history of Tang Dynasty in advance,which will make the class go smoothly.
I’ll appreciate it if you can reply to my letter at your earliest convenience.
Yours,
Li Hua。