第8章 英语习语

2.名词性习语
a fly in the ointment 美中不足之处 （N + Prep + N) a fly on the wheel 自高自大的人 rule of thumb 凭经验来做的方法 a snake in the grass 潜伏的敌人
名词性习语
the lion’s share 最大或最好的份额(N + -’s+ N) Achilles’ heel 唯一致命的弱点 King’s weather 庆典时的晴朗天气 wear and tear 损耗
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 动词性习语 名词性习语 形容词性习语 副词性习语 谚语
动词性习语
1.动词+小品词 2. 动词+名词 3.动词+介词短语 4. 动词+名词+介词短语 5. 动词+名词+介词 6. 动词+形容词
动词性习语
1.动词+小品词 （1） 动词+副词 We could not make out what the artist had drawn (理解)(v + adv) A special committee is looking into this problem. （调查）（v + prep) There is no way to black out the news. （封锁）(V + adv)
×names were called him.
V. 英语习语的应用
1. 句法功能
不能用被动 Bide one’s time Call a spade a spade 直言不讳 Pull one’s socks up 鼓起劲来 Blow one’s top 勃然大 Pull one’s weight 全力以赴地干
5. 谚语
The pot calls the kettle black. 责人严而律己宽。
The mills of God grind slowly. 天网恢恢，疏而不漏。 He laughs best who laughs last. 谁笑在最后，谁笑得最美。 Fish begins to stink at the head. 上梁不正下梁歪。
动词性习语
1）动词+小品词
They tried to find ways of getting round the tax laws. （逃避）（V + prep) He is letting himself in for trouble. (使…陷于…) (v+ adv+ prep) He could hardly sit down under that kind provocation. （忍受） (v+ adv+语组成部分的缩略 Velvet paw口蜜腹剑 velvet paws hide sharp claws A straw (straws) in the wind 苗头 a straw shows which way the wind blows 草动知风向
2.名词性习语
1）形容词+名词 2）名词+介词+名词 3）名词或专有名词+‘是+名词 4）名词+and+名词 5）名词+名词
2.名词性习语
high tea 正式茶点(adj +N) cold shoulder 冷淡 white elephant 无用而累赘的东西 narrow escape 九死一生
第八章：英语习语 English Idioms
Examples:
leave in the air 使…悬而未决 do up brown 把…彻底搞好 show the white feather 显示胆怯 diamond cut diamond 棋逢对手 Rank and file 普通成员
II. 英语习语的分类
V. 英语习语的应用
1. 句法功能
Example： A teacher’s job is not a bed of roses. (只作表语） foot the bill (付账） The bill will have to be footed by somebody. (被动） Call names: He was called names.
Note: study hard Study up on口语 Bone up on 非正式 Mug up on 俚语
IV. 英语习语的修辞色彩和语体色彩
2. 带有口语色彩的习语 For all the detailed explanation, he still could not get the hang of the passage. 抓住要点 For a while rock’n roll was all the go; then it was replaced by something else. 流行
III. 英语习语的整体与结构成分之间的语义关系
2. 习语的意义和构成这个习语的词的意义有一定联系 常带有隐喻和明喻色彩
let the sleeping dog lie 莫惹是非 Two heads are better than one 三个臭皮匠，胜过诸葛亮 When the cat’s away, the mice will play 山中无老虎， 猴子称霸王 To look for a needle in a haystack 大海里捞针 A small leak will sink a great ship 千里之堤溃于蚁穴
IV. 英语习语的修辞色彩和语体色彩
3. 带有俚语色彩的习语
They used to chew the rag after dinner. 聊天 He kept telling me what to do and what not to do, I told him to go hang. 不必费心了
动词性习语
2） 动词+名词 bide one’s time
等待时机
blaze the trail
开辟道路
draw a blank
终于失败
fit the bill
适合某人的目的
miss the boat
坐失良机
动词性习语
3）动词+介词短语
beat about the bush 旁敲侧击/拐弯抹角 fall by the way 中途退出 jump down one’s throat 突然粗暴地回答或打断某人 breathe down one’s neck 催逼某人干事
IV. 英语习语的修辞色彩和语体色彩
轻视：
Look down upon Look down one’s nose at 死亡: Pass away Kick the bucket
IV. 英语习语的修辞色彩和语体色彩
1. 属于语言共核部分的习语
The traffic was held up by the accident. 阻塞 The press made much of his achievement. 重视、在显著位置报道 I wish you would not harp on your complaints so much 反复讲
名词性习语
flesh and blood 亲骨肉、亲属 the ins and outs 种种复杂的详情/来龙去脉 brain trust 智囊团(N + N) brain drain 人才外流/智囊枯竭
形容词性习语
high and mighty 趾高气扬(adj + and + adj) high and dry 孤立无援 on and go 忙个不停 (prep +N) up in the air 悬而未决(adj /adv + prep-ph) as meek as a lamb 非常温顺（as + adj +as +N）
现代英语词汇学
Unit 8 英语习语
内容提要
一、英语习语的特征 二、英语习语的分类 三、英语习语整体与结构之间的关系
四、英语习语的修辞色彩与语体色彩
五、英语习语的应用
第八章：英语习语 English Idioms
I. 英语习语的特征 English idioms 1. 语义的统一性 Semantic Unity 2. 结构的固定性 Structural Stability
III. 英语习语的整体与结构成分之间的语 系
1.
义关
习语的意义和构成这个习语的词的意义已经丧失联 系 无理据习语 wear one’s heart on one’s sleeve (过于直率) much cry and little wool (空忙、雷声大雨点小）
III. 英语习语的整体与结构成分之间的语义关系
Make short work of 迅速处理 Make a clean breast of 和盘托出 Get wind of 风闻 Pick holes in 在…中挑毛病
动词性习语
6） 动词+形容词
go easy 从容不迫 come clean 全盘招供 sit pretty 处于极为有利的条件 fall flat 完全失败 make good 成功
V. 习语的运用
2. 英语习语与其他词搭配 bed of roses: job, position, life, experience, place… 1) His experience as a miner was not a bed of roses. 2) After nine months of school, summer camp seemed a bed of roses.
4. 副词性习语
heart and soul 全心全意（N+ and + N) bag and baggage 完全地 in a breeze 轻而易举地 (prep + N) with a flying colors 出色地 between the devil and the deep blue sea 进退维谷 （prep +N+ and +N)
V. 习语的运用
3. 习语的灵活运用 1）习语的组成部分的分拆 get the upper hand 占上风 In the debate, you can get a upper cut, if not the upper hand. ……至少可以占点便宜
V. 习语的运用
3. 习语的灵活运用 1）习语的组成部分的分拆 Pull a long face pull a unhappy face The manager pulled an unhappy face when his football team faltered.
IV. 英语习语的修辞色彩和语体色彩
3. 带有俚语色彩的习语
She cooked his goose by giving away the secret 彻底毁了人家的计划或希望 As soon as they realized that there was likely to be trouble, his companions deserted him and left him to carry the can. 代人受过
2. 习语的意义和构成这个习语的词的意义有一定联系 常带有隐喻和明喻色彩
to stab in the back 在背后用匕首此人——暗箭伤人 a dog in the manger 占着马槽的狗——占着茅坑不拉屎的人 to kill two birds with one stone —— 一石二鸟、 一箭双雕
V. 习语的运用
2) 习语组成部分的扩充 put into practice（实行） put into widespread practice The idea was accepted in theory , but no real effort was made to put it into widespread practice.
动词性习语
4） 动词+ 名词 + 介词短语
Burn the candle at both ends 过分耗费精力 Take the change out of someone 对某人报复 Have a (good) head on one’s shoulders 有见识或能力
动词性习语
5） 动词+名词 + 介词