国际工程承包案例

1. International Project Tendering Procedures and Contract Type 国际工程招标程序与合同类型
1.1 Definition of tendering 招标的定义
Tendering：the method and process of choice that the owners choose implementers who can implement the entire or some certain stage of the project by market procurement.
◆ Two-stage bidding 两阶段招标
Scope of application
EPC Large, complex facilities Special projects Complex information and communication
technologies
1.3 International Project Tendering Ways 国际工程招标方式
南方周末（漫画一针）：
中国铁建沙特轻轨项目预计亏损41亿元。铁建解释 说，主因是业主不断追加要求以及实际工程量远大于签 约时工程量。听凭业主追加，铁建难道是到海外做慈善 去了？概预算严重失误，国际运营能力极度匮乏，领导 水平低下，铁建暴露无遗。
1.3 International Project Tendering Ways 国际工程招标方式
1.3 International Project Tendering Ways 国际工程招标方式
Case: 中国铁建麦加轻轨项目
1.3 International Project Tendering Ways 国际工程招标方式
2010-11-04 南方周末（漫画一针）： 冤大头，中国铁建自找
1.3 International Project Tendering Ways 国际工程招标方式
1.2 International project tendering procedures 国际工程招标程序
Establishment of Project strategy
Prequalification of bidders
Call for Tender & Tender
Award of Contract
1.4 International Project Contract Type 国际工程合同类型
◆ Cost reimbursement contract 成本补偿合同
Actual direct costs + Management fees + Profit
Apply to:
▪ It is difficult to describe the scope and nature of work in early stages of project works
1.1 Definition of tendering 招标的定义
1.2 International project tendering procedures 国际工程招标程序
1.3 International project tendering ways 国际工程招标方式
1.4 International project contract type 国际工程合同类型
◆ Inviting tenders 公开招标
“Unlimited competitive open bidding”
Advantages
A fair competitive opportunity Owners can choose a more suitable contractor Reduce the project cost Increase transparency(透明度)，prevent and
Contents 目录
1. International project tendering procedures and contract type 国际工程招标程序与合同类型
2. International project tender 国际工程投标
3. Tender offer 投标报价
1. International Project Tendering Procedures and Contract Type 国际工程招标程序与合同类型
1.3 International Project Tendering Ways 国际工程招标方式
◆ Negotiated bidding 议标
Advantages Save time
Disadvantages Not competitive in price
1.3 International Project Tendering Ways 国际工程招标方式
Procurement of works: choosing a preferred qualified contractor to complete the work that the contract required through tendering in the market.
1. International Project Tendering Procedures and Contract Type 国际工程招标程序与合同类型
◆ Two-stage bidding 两阶段招标
First stage：
提交不带报价的技术建议书 业主评审指出不足 投标人改进技术方案
Second stage：
提交最终的技术建议书和带报价的投标书 评标
1.3 International Project Tendering Ways 国际工程招标方式
1.3 International Project Tendering Ways 国际工程招标方式
◆ Negotiated bidding 议标
Scope of application
Short period Low total price Specialized Military projects
1.4 International Project Contract Type 国际工程合同类型
◆ Unit price contract 单价合同
Settle accounts according to the actual amount of workload
Apply to:
▪ Project content and design index is not quite sure ▪ Project quantity can’t be accurately determined
in the procurement of goods, and so influence the standardization and maintenance
1.3 International Project Tendering Ways 国际工程招标方式
◆ Request for bid 邀请招标
◆ Lump sum contract 总价合同
The price of contractor is based on the detailed design drawings and calculations of owners
Can be changed with the drawings and engineering Contractors bear all the risk
◆ Two-envelope bidding procedure 双信封招标
同时递交技术建议书和价格建议书 对技术建议书进行审查、讨论 价格建议书如需修改，退回后再次提交 评标 Scope of application
Mechanical equipment and manufacturing plant
◆ Inviting tenders 公开招标 ◆ Request for bid 邀请招标 ◆ Negotiated bidding 议标 ◆ Two-stage bidding 两阶段招标 ◆ Two-envelope bidding procedure 双信封招标
1.3 International Project Tendering Ways 国际工程招标方式
Condition:
• EPC+O&M • 迄今为止全世界设计运能最大、运营模式最复杂、
建设工期最短、外部气候环境最恶劣的轻轨铁路项目
Question：
Which kind of tendering should the owner adopt in this case? Why?
1.3 International Project Tendering Ways 国际工程招标方式
Actual results: Tendering way : negotiated bidding
Contractor： CRCC ( China Railway Construction Company ) Adopts EPC+O&M for the first time
1. International Project Tendering Procedures and Contract Type 国际工程招标程序与合同类型
reduce the incidence of corruption
1.3 International Project Tendering Ways 国际工程招标方式
◆ Inviting tenders 公开招标
Disadvantages
Waste time Documents are complicated Lead to diversification of equipment specifications
“Limited Competitive Selected Bidding” Scope of application
Contract amount is small Limited number of suppliers
1.3 International Project Tendering Ways 国际工程招标方式
1.4 International Project Contract Type 国际工程合同类型
◆ Lump sum contract 总价合同
Apply to:
▪ Housing construction ▪ Engineering technology is not complicated, less risk, shorter time ▪ DB and EPC / turnkey project
1.4 International project contract type 国际工程合同类型 ◆ lump sum contract 总价合同 ◆ Unit price contract 单价合同 ◆ Cost reimbursement contract 成本补偿合同
1.4 International Project Contract Type 国际工程合同类型
Bid Evaluation
Opening of Tenders
1. International Project Tendering Procedures and Contract Type 国际工程招标程序与合同类型
1.3 International project tendering ways 国际工程招标方式
◆ Request for bid 邀请招标
Advantages Most of contraቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱtors are experienced and reputable
Disadvantages May be missing some of the contractors who are competitive in technology and price.