地点和位置的介词

表示地点和位置的介词
1.at, in, on
1) at 表示较狭窄较小的地方（小村庄，小城镇），in 表示较大的地方（大城市，大的空间）。

I met her at the bus-stop. They arrived at the famous town in South Jiangsu.
She is living in Nanjing. There are a great many islands in the Pacific.
2) 门牌号码前用at， road前面用on， street前用in或on。

in the street (BrE) on the street (AmE) at 103 Wall Street on the road
3) 把某个机构看成是机关或组织时用at，看成一个具体的地方时用in
She is at Oxford. 她在牛津读书。

She is in Oxford 她在牛津居住（工作或逗留）
4）at可以表示有意、有目的的行为。

She is at the table. 她在吃饭She is beside/ by the desk. 她坐在桌旁。

5) on 在---上面，表示上下两者紧贴在一起， in 表示在---里面。

She put the book on the desk. She put the book in the desk.
She wore a smile on her face. (面部表情) She was wounded in the face. （伤有深度）
2． on 和 underneath
underneath 是on的反义词，表示某物紧贴在另一物的底下
There is a piece of paper underneath the dictionary.
3.under 和over
under 和over 是一对反义词，表示正上方，正下方，没有接触的含义。

There are some chairs under the tree. The lamp hung over the table.
under 和over 还可以表示上级、下级。

He is over us= We are under him.
4. above 和below
两者是一对反义词，表示高于、低于，既不表示接触，也不表示上下垂直。

The plane is flying above us. The sun has sunk below the horizon.
5. beneath
可以和underneath, under, below 互换。

6． at, by, beside
at 表示有目的的接近、接触，by和beside 表示偶然的接近，不接触。

She will be waiting for you at the school gate at 7 tomorrow.
The girl stood by/ beside her mother.
To those who stand by me, I shall stand by my promise. 对那些支持我的人，我将恪守诺言。

7． near 和next to
Near 表示在---附近，靠近；next to 表示紧挨着，紧靠着。

No birds or animals came near the lake. She went and sat next to him.
8. before, in front of, at the front of, ahead of
before 用于某人前；in front of 用于建筑物前； in front of 和 ahead of 用于空间可互换，用于时间只能用 ahead of；in the front of 表示内部空间的前部；at the front of 表示外部空间的前面。

The book was put before her. A big pine tree stood in front of our house.
They walked in front of/ ahead of their teacher. We can finish the work ahead of time.
I always prefer to sit in the front of the car. Who is the girl at the front of the queue?
9. for, from, to, towards, by
1) for 表示目的地的方向，常与sail, leave, bound, move, head, make 等词连用They are leaving for Nanjing tomorrow. The ship is bound for Hong Kong.
2) to 表示目的地，译为到达；towards 表示朝着某个方向，没有到达的意思。

He walked towards the bus-stop. He walked to the bus-stop.
3) by 表示方向时有偏于的意思
The boat is sailing north by east. 船朝着北偏东德方向驶去。

10． inside 和within
1) inside 表示较小的范围空间，within多指大的范围空间。

I know what is inside the box. I lived within a castle for two years.
2) 在表示时间距离时，两者均表示不超过
John will leave within/ inside an hour.
11. along, across, by, through, past
1) along 指沿着，一条线；across两条线交叉，一条线从另一条线上横过；
He walked along the road. He walked across the road.
2) through 表示动作从物体中间穿过，这个动作是三维空间的；by表示从旁边经过；past 表路过。

She walked across the square. 她穿过广场。

She walked through the square.她从广场中间穿过。

She walked by the square. 她从广场旁边走过。

She walked past the square. 她路过广场。

12．up 和down
1）表示动作时，up 指由下而上，down指由上而下。

The car was running up the hill. The car was running down the
hill.
They swam up the river. They swam down the hill.
2）表示静止的空间位置时，up 表示在高处，down 表示在下面
The town is situated up the river. 上游 The town is situated down the river. 下游
3）从乡下到城区，从南方到北方，从沿海到内地，---up，反之则用down。

13．from 和off
表示路上距离时，两者可互换，表示海上距离时，只能用off
The square is about 10 miles from/ off my house.
The ship sailed about 40 miles off the sea.
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