中国特色词汇及其英译
生态翻译视角的中国特色词汇英译
生态翻译视角的中国特色词汇英译中国特色词汇的英译，从生态翻译视角来看，涉及到中国特有的环境、自然和文化背景。
下面是一些常见的中国特色词汇及其英译：2. 生态文明（Ecological Civilization）：这个词强调了生态环境与经济社会发展之间的关系，提倡可持续发展和环境保护。
3. 生态系统（Ecological System）：这个词指的是由生物群落、生物间的相互作用以及它们与环境之间的关系所构成的系统。
4. 生态承载力（Ecological Carrying Capacity）：这个词指的是生态系统能够承受的人类利用压力和环境影响的最大程度。
5. 生态保护红线（Ecological Conservation Red Line）：这个词指的是划定的一条约束城市和农村发展的界限，目的是保护重要生态功能区和生态环境。
6. 野生动植物保护区（Wildlife Sanctuary）：这个词指的是为了保护野生动植物栖息地和开展科学研究而划定的特定区域。
8. 生物多样性（Biodiversity）：这个词指的是一定地区或生态系统中不同物种的多样性以及它们之间的相互关系。
9. 农田水利（Farmland Irrigation）：这个词指的是用于农业灌溉的人工给水系统，保障农作物的水分需求。
10. 绿色发展（Green Development）：这个词指的是在保护环境的前提下，推动经济社会可持续发展的发展模式。
11. 生态农业（Ecological Agriculture）：这个词指的是利用自然生态规律，最大限度地保护和利用农业生态系统的发展方式。
12. 生物能源（Bioenergy）：这个词指的是通过利用生物质资源，将其转化为可再生能源的过程和产物。
这些词汇反映了中国在生态环境保护和可持续发展方面的特色和成就。
生态翻译需要理解这些词汇背后的文化内涵和环境意义，以便更准确地传达给国际社会。
生态翻译视角的中国特色词汇英译
生态翻译视角的中国特色词汇英译随着环保意识的提升和生态保护的日益重要，越来越多的中国特色词汇开始被广泛使用。
因此，为了更好地理解和交流，翻译人员需要掌握这些词汇的英文表达。
以下是一些重要的中国特色词汇及其英文翻译。
1. 绿色发展 Green Development绿色发展是生态文明建设的重要理念之一，它强调资源节约、环境保护和经济发展的协调发展。
2. 生态保护 Ecological Conservation生态保护是指保护、恢复和优化自然生态系统，保护生物多样性和维护生态平衡。
3. 碳排放 Carbon Emissions碳排放是指工业生产、交通运输和能源消费等活动所排放的二氧化碳等温室气体。
4. 碳减排 Carbon Reduction碳减排是指通过降低碳排放来解决气候变化的问题，包括使用清洁能源和加强节能等方法。
6. 生态文明 Ecological Civilization生态文明是指人与自然和谐共处的一种理念和生活方式，旨在提高生态环境保护和可持续发展的意识。
7. 低碳经济 Low-carbon Economy低碳经济是指通过优化产业结构、提高资源利用效率和减少碳排放等方式，实现经济发展和环境保护的协调发展。
8. 可再生能源 Renewable Energy可再生能源是指通过自然循环流程能够被无限制生产的清洁能源，如风能、太阳能、水能和生物能。
9. 生态系统 Ecosystem生态系统是指由生物群落、环境和自然资源等有机联系在一起的复杂系统，能够自主运行和自我调节。
10. 生物多样性 Biodiversity生物多样性是指地球上所有的生物种类和它们所居住的生境之间的复杂相互关系，是保护生态系统和生态平衡的重要基础之一。
11. 环境保护 Environmental Protection环境保护是指采取各种措施来保护和改善人类生存的自然环境，包括减少污染、降低碳排放和节约资源等。
12. 生态农业 Ecological Agriculture生态农业是一种注重生态保护和资源利用效率高的农业模式，采用无污染的有机农业和绿色粮食生产等方法。
中国特色词汇英译
1、中国意念词（Chinesenesses）八卦trigram阴、阳yin, yang道Dao（cf. logo）江湖（世界）the jianghu World （the traits’world）e.g. You can’t control everything in a traits’world. (人在江湖，身不由己)道Daoism（Taoism）上火excessive internal heat儒学Confucianism红学（《红楼梦》研究）redology世外桃源Shangri-la or Arcadia开放kaifang （Chinese openness to the outside world）大锅饭getting an equal share regardless of the work done伤痕文学scar literature or the literature of the wounded不搞一刀切no imposing uniformity on …合乎国情，顺乎民意to conform with the national conditions and the will of the people 乱摊派，乱收费imposition of arbitrary quotas and service charge铁交椅iron (lifetime) post’s; guaranteed leading post脱贫to shake off poverty; anti-poverty治则兴，乱则衰Order leads to prosperity and chaos to decline2 、中华民族的喜庆节日（Chinese Festivial）国庆节National Day中秋节Mia-Autumn Festival春节Spring Festival元宵节Lantern Festival儿童节Children’s Day端午节Dragon Boat Festival妇女节Women’s Day泼水节Water-Splashing Day教师节Teachers’Day五四青年节Youth Day3、中国独特的传统饮食（Unique Traditional Chinese Foods）馄饨 wonton锅贴 guotie (fried jiaozi)花卷 steamed twisted rolls套餐 set meal盒饭 box lunch; Chinese take-away米豆腐 rice tofu魔芋豆腐 konjak tofu米粉 rice noodles冰糖葫芦 a stick of sugar-coated haws (or apples,etc.)火锅 chafing dish八宝饭 eight-treasure rice pudding粉丝 glass noodles豆腐脑 jellied bean curd4 、中国新兴事物（Newly Sprouted Things）中国电信 China Telecom中国移动 China Mobile十五计划 the 10th Five-Year Plan中国电脑联网 Chinanet三峡工程 the Three Gorges Project希望工程 Project Hope京九铁路 Beijing CKowloon Railway扶贫工程 Anti-Poverty Project菜篮子工程 Vegetable Basket Project温饱工程 Decent-Life Project安居工程 Economy Housing Project扫黄 Porn-Purging Campaign西部大开发 Go-West Campaign5 、特有的一些汉语词汇禅宗 Zen Buddhism禅 dhyana; dhgaya混沌 chaos道 Daosim, the way and its power四谛 Four Noble Truth八正道 Eightfold Path无常 anity五行说 Theory of Five Elements无我 anatman坐禅 metta or transcendental meditation空 sunyata虚无 nothingness双喜 double happiness(中)，a doubled stroke of luck(英) 小品 witty skits相声 cross-talk噱头；掉包袱 gimmick, stunt夜猫子 night people; night-owls本命年 this animal year of sb.处世之道 philosophy of life姻缘 yinyuan（prefixed fate of marriage）还愿 redeem a wish (vows)6 、具有文化特色的现代表述大陆中国 Mainland China红宝书 little red book红色中国 socialist China四化 Four Modernizations终生职业 job-for-life铁饭碗 iron rice bowl大锅饭 communal pot关系户 closely-related units外出打工人员 migrant workers关系网 personal nets, closely-knitted guild五讲(讲文明、讲礼貌、讲卫生、讲秩序、讲道德)：the Five Merits focus on decorum, manners, hygiene, disciplines and morals四美（心灵美、语言美、行为美、环境美）： the Four Virtues are golden heart, refined language, civilized behavior, and green environment7 、中国古代独特事物（Unique Ancient Chinese Items）宣纸 rice paper衙门 yamen叩头 kowtow孔子Confucius牌楼 pailou；pai-loo武术 wushu（Chinese Martial Arts）功夫 kungfu ；kung fu中庸 the way of medium （cf. Golden Means）中和 harmony (zhonghe)孝顺 to show filial obedience孝子 dutiful son家长 family head三纲：君为臣纲，父为子纲，夫为妻纲 three cardinal guides: ruler guides subject, father guides son husband guides wife五常：仁、义、理、智、信 five constant virtues: benevolence (humanity), righteousness, propriety, wisdom and fidelity八股文 eight-legged essays多子多福：The more sons/children, the more blessing/ great happiness养儿防老：raising sons to support one in one’s old age8、近一季度见诸报端的中国现代特色词汇翻译基层监督 grass-roots supervision基础税率 base tariff level婚介所 matrimonial agency婚外恋 extramarital love婚纱摄影 bride photo黑心棉 shoddy cotton机器阅卷 machine scoring即开型奖券 scratch-open ticket/lottery集中精力把经济建设搞上去 go all out for economic development价格听证会 public price hearings甲A球队 Division A Soccer Team家政服务 household management service加强舆论监督 ensure the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion假帐 accounting fraud叫板 challenge; pick a quarrel矫情 use lame arguments渐进式台独 gradual Taiwan independence借调 temporarily transfer扩大中等收入者比重 Raise the proportion of the middle-income group.扩大内需，刺激消费expand domestic demand and consumption馄饨 wonton锅贴 guotie (fried jiaozi)花卷 steamed twisted rolls套餐 set meal盒饭 box lunch米豆腐 rice tofu魔芋豆腐 konjak tofu米粉 rice noodles冰糖葫芦 a stick of sugar-coated haws (or apples,etc.)火锅 chafing dish八宝饭 eight-treasure rice pudding粉丝 glass noodles豆腐脑 jellied bean curd中国新兴事物（Newly Sprouted Things）中国电信 China Telecom中国移动 China Mobile十五计划 the 10th Five-Year Plan中国电脑联网 Chinanet三峡工程 the Three Gorges Project希望工程 Project Hope京九铁路 Beijing –Kowloon Railway扶贫工程 Anti-Poverty Project菜篮子工程 Vegetable Basket Project温饱工程 Decent-Life Project安居工程 Economy Housing Project扫黄 Porn-Purging Campaign西部大开发 Go-West Campaign具有文化特色的现代表述大陆中国 Mainland China红宝书 little red book红色中国 socialist China四化 Four Modernizations终生职业 job-for-life铁饭碗 iron rice bowl大锅饭 communal pot关系户 closely-related units外出打工人员 migrant workers关系网 personal nets, closely-knitted guild五讲(讲文明、讲礼貌、讲卫生、讲秩序、讲道德)：the Five Merits focus on decorum,manners, hygiene,disciplines and morals四美（心灵美、语言美、行为美、环境美）： the Four Virtues are golden heart, refined language, civilized behavior, and green environment近一季度见诸报端的中国现代特色词汇翻译基层监督 grass-roots supervision基础税率 base tariff level婚介所 matrimonial agency婚外恋 extramarital love婚纱摄影 bride photo黑心棉 shoddy cotton机器阅卷 machine scoring即开型奖券 scratch-open ticket/lottery集中精力把经济建设搞上去 go all out for economic development价格听证会 public price hearings甲A球队 Division A Soccer Team家政服务 household management service加强舆论监督 ensure the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion 假帐 accounting fraud叫板 challenge; pick a quarrel矫情 use lame arguments渐进式台独 gradual Taiwan independence借调 temporarily transfer扩大中等收入者比重 Raise the proportion of the middle-income group.扩大内需，刺激消费expand domestic demand and consumption安居工程 housing project for low-income urban residents信息化 in&＃102;ormation-based&＃59; in&＃102;ormationization智力密集型 concentration of brain power&＃59; knowledge-intensive外资企业 overseas-funded enterprises下岗职工 laid-off workers分流 reposition of redundant personnel三角债 chain debts素质教育 education for all-round development豆腐渣工程 jerry-built projects社会治安情况 law-and-order situation民族国家 nation state“台独” "independence of Taiwan"台湾当局 Taiwan authorities台湾同胞 Taiwan coMPAtriots台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分。
生态翻译视角的中国特色词汇英译
生态翻译视角的中国特色词汇英译一、人类与自然的关系1. 生态文明 (ecological civilization)生态文明指的是人类与自然和谐发展的道路，具有可持续性、可循环性和低碳排放的特征。
2. 人与自然和谐共生 (harmonious coexistence between humans and nature)人与自然和谐共生意味着人类与自然之间的互动关系是相互依存、相互促进的，保护自然环境是保护人类生存和发展的前提。
3. 绿色发展 (green development)绿色发展指的是在经济增长的积极保护环境、提高资源利用效率、减少对生态环境的破坏。
4. 城乡一体化 (integration of urban and rural development)城乡一体化是指城市和农村之间相互融合、相互依赖的发展模式，旨在实现城乡经济和社会共同发展。
二、生态保护与环境治理1. 生态保护红线 (ecological conservation red line)生态保护红线是指划定的生态保护核心、重要生态功能区和生态修复区，保护重点生态系统和生态环境的控制线。
2. 森林覆盖率 (forest coverage rate)森林覆盖率是指一个地区森林面积在该地区土地总面积中所占的比例。
4. 三北防护林体系 (Three-North Shelter Forest Program)三北防护林体系是指在中国北方三个大区域（东北、华北、西北）开展的一项重要生态工程，旨在防风固沙、保持水土、改善气候。
5. 生态恢复 (ecological restoration)生态恢复是指修复或重建被破坏的生态系统，以使其恢复到原有的生态状态。
三、资源利用与能源转型1. 节约资源和能源 (conserving resources and energy)节约资源和能源是指减少资源和能源的使用，提高资源和能源的利用效率。
2. 循环经济 (circular economy)循环经济是指通过资源的循环利用和废物的再利用，最大限度地减少资源浪费，实现经济的可持续发展。
生态翻译视角的中国特色词汇英译
生态翻译视角的中国特色词汇英译
中国特色词汇是指在中国特定文化环境下产生的、以汉语为主要表达媒介的独特词汇。
这些词汇通常对中国人民的精神风貌、文化习俗、历史传统等方面有着深刻的体现。
在生
态翻译领域，也有一些以中国特色为主题的词汇需要进行英译。
下面是一些常见的生态翻
译视角的中国特色词汇及其英译。
1. 水土保持: Soil and water conservation
3. 四化: Four modernizations (agriculture, industry, national defense, and science and technology)
4. 可再生能源: Renewable energy
6. 碳排放: Carbon emissions
7. 生态农业: Ecological agriculture
9. 生命周期评价: Life cycle assessment
13. 生态系统: Ecosystem
19. 生物多样性: Biodiversity
20. 土壤侵蚀: Soil erosion
21. 森林覆盖率: Forest coverage rate
23. 大气污染: Air pollution
25. 土地退化: Land degradation
26. 绿色发展: Green development
29. 恶劣天气: Severe weather
这些词汇从不同角度反映了中国在生态环境保护和可持续发展方面的独特实践和理念。
英译时，应尽量保持词汇的原意和特色，并符合英语表达习惯。
中国特色文化词汇及段落英译
常用的中国文化特色英译词汇风水：Fengshui; geomantic omen阳历：solar calendar阴历：lunar calendar闰年：leap year十二生肖：zodiac春节：the Spring Festival元宵节：the Lantern Festival清明节：the Tomb-sweeping Day端午节：the Dragon-boat Festival中秋节：the Mid-autumn Day重阳节：the Double-ninth Day七夕节：the Double-seventh Day春联：spring couplets春运：the Spring Festival travel把中国的汉字“福”字倒贴在门上(听起来像是福到)预示新年有好运：turn the Chinese character forluck (fu) upside down to make “dao”(which sou nds like arrival) and put it on your door to bringin good fortune for the new y ear庙会：temple fair爆竹：firecracker年画：(traditional) New Year pictures压岁钱：New Year gift-money舞龙：dragon dance舞狮：lion dance元宵：sweet sticky rice dumplings花灯：festival lantern灯谜：lantern riddle食物对于中国佳节来说至关重要，但甜食对于农历新年特别重要，因为他们能让新的一年更加甜蜜。
Food is central to all Chines festivals, but sugary snacks are especially import ant for LunarNew Year, since they sweetne up prospects for the coming year.传统的佳节食物包括年糕、八宝饭、饺子、果脯和瓜子。
中国特色新词英译现状及其翻译策略
中国特色新词英译现状及其翻译策略一、本文概述随着中国的快速发展和国际地位的提升，中国特色新词的数量和影响力也在日益增强。
这些新词反映了中国社会的变迁、科技的进步以及文化的创新，为国际交流提供了丰富的词汇资源。
然而，如何准确、恰当地将这些新词翻译成英文，成为了当前翻译领域面临的一大挑战。
本文旨在探讨中国特色新词英译的现状及其翻译策略，以期为中国特色新词的英译提供有益的参考和启示。
本文将对中国特色新词的定义、来源和分类进行概述，明确研究范围和对象。
接着，通过分析当前中国特色新词英译的现状，揭示存在的问题和不足。
在此基础上，本文将深入探讨中国特色新词英译的翻译策略，包括直译、意译、音译、借译等多种方法，并结合具体案例进行分析和评价。
本文将对中国特色新词英译的未来发展趋势进行展望，提出相应的建议和思考。
通过本文的研究，旨在为中国特色新词的英译提供更为准确、规范和有效的翻译方法和策略，促进中国特色文化在国际舞台上的传播和交流。
也期望能够引起更多学者和翻译工作者的关注和研究，共同推动中国特色新词英译事业的发展。
二、中国特色新词的概念及分类中国特色新词，顾名思义，指的是那些具有中国文化特色、反映中国社会、经济、科技发展以及人民日常生活变化的新词汇。
这些词汇通常源于汉语的创新词汇、外来语的音译或意译、以及网络流行语等。
这些新词不仅反映了中国社会的快速发展和变迁，也丰富了汉语的词汇库，为语言的发展注入了新的活力。
创新词汇：这类词汇是基于汉语自身的构词规则和语义演变而产生的。
例如，“互联网+”“一带一路”“供给侧改革”等，这些词汇都是基于中国特有的政策、经济或社会现象而产生的。
外来语音译：随着中国与世界的交流日益频繁，许多外来词汇被引入汉语，并通过音译的方式转化为中文词汇。
例如，“咖啡”（coffee）、“披萨”（pizza）、“迪斯科”（disco）等。
外来语意译：除了音译外，许多外来词汇也被直接意译为中文，以保持其原有的含义。
中国特色社会主义英语词汇（英汉对照）
中国特色词汇英语翻译A.《阿Q正传》The True Story of Ah Q安居工程 Housing Project for low-incomefamilie s按成本要素计算的国民经济总值GNP at factorcost按揭贷款 mortgag e loan按劳分配distrib utionaccordi ng to one's perform ance暗恋 unrequi ted love暗亏 hiddenloss奥姆真理教Japanes e Aum Doomsda y CultB.把握大局 grasp the overall situati on白马王子 PrinceCharmin g白色行情表white sheet白色农业 white agricul ture白雪公主Snow White摆架子put on airs拜把兄弟 sworn brother s拜年pay New Year call搬迁户 relocat ed familie s半拉子工程 uncompl eted project傍大款find a sugar daddy包干到户 work contrac ted to househo lds 包干制over all rationi ng system包工包料 contrac t for labor and materia ls 保持国民经济发展的良好势头mainta in a good momentu m of growthin the nationa l economy保持国有股keep the State-held shares保理业务 factori ng busines s保税区bond ed area保证重点支出e nsurefunding for priorit y areas保值储蓄 inflati on-proof bank savings报国计划的实施implem entati on of Dedicat or's Project本本主义 bookish ness《本草纲目》Compend ium of Materia Medica本命年one's year of birth conside red in relatio n to the 12 Terrest rial Branche s奔小康strivefor a relativ ely comfort able life逼上梁山 be drivento drastic alterna tives比较经济学 compara tive economi cs比上不足，比下有余 worse off than some, betteroff than many闭门羹given cold-shoulde r边际报酬 margina l return边缘科学 boundar y science变相涨价dis guised inflati on剥夺冠军strip the gold medal of somebod y博彩（业）lottery industr y补缺选举 by-electio n不败记录 clean record, spotles s record不承诺放弃使用武器notunderta ke to renounc e the use of force不打不成交 No discord, no concord.不可再生资源non-renewab le resourc es不良贷款 non-perform ing loan不夜城 sleeple ss city不正之风har mful practic e; unhealt hy tendenc yC.采取高姿态 show magnani mity菜篮子工程 shoppin g basketprogram参政、议政 partici pate in the managem ent of State affairs沧海桑田 Seas changeinto mulberr y fieldsand mulberr y fieldschangeintoseas--time bringsgreat changes to the world. What was once the sea hasnow changed into mulberr y fields--the world is changin g all the time.仓储式超市 stockro om-style superma rket 草根工业grass root industr y (refersto village and townshi p enterpr ises which takeroot among farmers and grow like wold grass)层层转包和违法分保multi-level contrac ting and illegal sub-contrac ting差额投票differe ntailvoting差额选举 competi tive electio n茶道sado查房 make/go the roundsof the wards拆东墙补西墙rob Peter to pay Paul拆迁户 househo lds or units relocat ed due to buildin g demolit ion搀水股票water-down stocks(ordinar y stocksthat can be boughtby persons insidea stock company or a busines s at a cost lower that their face value)禅 dhyana产粮大省 granary provinc e产品结构 product mix产权明晰、权责明确、政企分开、科学管理clearly establi shed ownersh ip, welldefined power and respons ibilit y, separat ion of enterpr ise from adminis tratio n,and scienti fic managem ent产权制度、产权关系propert y relatio ns; propert y order产销直接挂钩directl y link product ion with marketi ng产业的升级换代 upgradi ng of industi es产业结构升级upgradi ng of an industr ial structu re长二捆LM-2E长江三角洲 Yangtze River delta长期共存、互相监督、肝胆相照、荣辱与共long-term coexist ence, mutualsupervi sion, sincere treatme nt with each other and the sharing of weal or woe长线产品 product in excessi ve supply畅通工程 "SmoothTraffic Project"唱高调mouth high-soundin g words超高速巨型计算机giant ultra-high-speed compute r超前消费overcon suming, excessi ve consump tion彻头彻尾的反动政治势力an out and out reactio nary politic al force城市规划city's landsca ping plan; urban plannin g 城市中年雅皮士 muppie（一批中年专业人士，附庸风雅，矫揉造作cut esific ation，崇尚竟品至上b outiqu eifica tion，攀比银行存款b ankifi cation等摆阔作风，由middle-aged urban yuppie缩合而成）城乡信用社creditcorrobo rative in both urban and rural areas吃大锅饭egalita rian practic e of "everybo dy eatingfrom the same big pot" 吃皇粮receive salarie s, subsidi es, or other support ed from the governm ent重复建设buildin g redunda nt project; duplica tion of similar project s抽杀成功 hit through筹备委员会 prepara tory committ ee出风头 show off;in the limelig ht出口创汇能力capacit y to earn foreign exchang e through exports出口加工区 exportprocess ing zones出口退税制度the systemof refundi ng taxes on exporte d goods; export(tax) rebate出口转内销 domesti c sales of commodi ties orginal ly produce d for exports出家 pravraj ana; cloiste r传销multi-level marketi ng窗口行业 various service trades创建卫生城市：build a nationa lly advance d clean city创业园high-tech busines s incubat or; pioneer park吹风会 (advance d) briefin g春蕾计划 SpringBuds Program春运(passeng er) transpo rt duringthe SpringFestiva l《春秋》 Springand AutumnAnnals磁悬浮列车Maglevtrain (magneti callylevitat ed train), magneti c suspens ion train 辞旧迎新 bid farewel l to the old and usher in the new; ring out the old year and ring in the new此地无银三百两 A guiltypersongives himself away by conscio usly protest ing his innocen ce.从粗放经济转变为集约经济shift from extensi ve economy to intensi ve economy粗放式管理 extensi ve managem ent促进全球经济一体化fosterintegra tion with the globaleconomy存款保证金 guarant y money for deposit s D."达标"活动 "targethitting" activit ies打白条issue IOU打黑crack down on specula tion and profite ering打假 crack down on counter feit goods打破僵局 break the deadloc k打顺手find one's touch, get into gear, settleinto a groove大包干 all-round respons ibilit y system大轰动 blockbu ster大力扣杀 hammer大路货 staplegoods大开眼界open one's eyes; broaden one's horizon; be an eye-opener大款 tycoon大排挡 sidewal k snack booth; large stall大事化小，小事化了 try first to make their mistake sound less serious and then to reduceit to nothing at all大胜white wash大腕top notch大卫教 BranchDavidia n大型电视系列片,长篇电视连续剧maxi-series大学生创业 univers ity student s' innovat ive underta king大要案 major and serious crimina l cases大专生 juniorcollege student大专文凭associa te degree大藏经 Tripita ka带薪分流assignredunda nt civil servant s to other jobs while allowin g them to retaintheir origina l rank and benefit s待岗 await job assignm ent, post-waiting待业 job-waiting 代职 functio n in an actingcapacit y单循环制singleround-robin system党群关系 Party-massesrelatio nship党政机关Party and governm ent organiz ations捣浆糊 give the runarou nd盗版VCD pirated VCD盗打（电话) free call on somebod y else's expense through illegal means盗用公款 embezzl ement单刀赴会start a solo run倒票 specula tive reselli ng of tickets倒爷 profite er倒计时 countdo wm等外品 off-grade goods, rejects邓小平外交思想Deng Xiaopin g's diploma tic thought s低调 low keyed (a metapho r for takinga cautiou s and slow approac h)第二产业 seconda ry industr y第三产业 tertiar y industr y; service sector第三代移动电话(3G手机) third generat ion mobile; 3G mobile第一发球权 first inning第一发球员 first server第一双打first pair地方保护主义regiona l protect ionism地方财政包干制systemwhereby local authori ties take full respons ibilit y for their finance s地球村 globalvillage地区差异 regiona l dispari ty地热资源 geother mal resourc es地市级城市 prefect ure-level city点子公司 consult ancy company电话号码升位upgrade telepho ne number电话会议 telecon ferenc e电视直销 TV home shoppin g电子商务认证e-busines s certifi cation吊球drop shot吊销执照 revokelicense钉子户personor househo ld who refuses to move and bargain s for unreaso nablyhigh compens ationwhen the land isrequisi tioned for a constru ctionproject定向培训 trainin g for specifi c posts豆腐渣"工程 jerry-built project毒枭 drug traffic ker独立核算工业企业indepen dent account ing unit(enterpr ise)"渡假外交" holiday-makingdiploma cy短期债务 floatin g debt断交信 Dear John letter(from woman to man)对...毫无顾忌make no bones about ...对冲基金hedge fund对外招商 attract foreign investm ent队长袖标(足球） skipper's armband多党合作制multi-party co-operati on in exercis ing State power多任务小卫星small multi-mission satelli te (SMMS)夺冠take the crownE.恶性通货膨胀hyperin flatio n恶性循环 vicious circle(把…当成)耳旁风Like water off (on) a duck’s back二板市场; 创业板市场secondboard (on the country's stock market)二次创业 start a new underta kinge二进宫 to enter the palacea secondtime (peoplewith a past crimina l recordagain commits a crime, and is convict ed and put into a correct ionalinstitu tion)二流选手 scrub, second-rater二元经济 dual economyF.发案率 inciden ce (of crimina l cases)发烧友 fancier; zealot; enthusi asticfan发展不平衡 dispara te develop ment发展是硬道理Develop ment is of overrid ing importa nce. / Develop ment is the absolut e need. 法治国家 a country under the rule of law 法制国家a state with an adequat e legal system翻两番 quadrup le反败为胜bring about a complet e turnabo ut, pull out of the fire反不正当竞争法Law of the People's Republi c of China Against Competi tion by Inappro priate Means反腐倡廉combatcorrupt ion and build a clean governm ent防抱死系统ABS (anti-lock braking system)防洪工程 flood-prevent ion project房管 real estatemanagem ent访谈式竞选（候选人在电视访谈节目中亮相进行的竞选）talk-show campaig n放下架子 to relingu ish haungty airs; to get off one's high horse; throw off one's airs放行单 release permit飞毛腿（导弹）Scud missile飞行药检spot check非对称数字用户环路 Asymmet ricalDigital Subscri ber Loop (ADSL)费改税 transfo rm adminis trativ e fees into taxes分拆上市 A subsidi ary company of a corpora tion is listedon the stock market.分流 reposit ion of redunda nt personn el分期付款 install ment payment分税制 systemof tax distrib ution（产品）分销subunde rwriti ng, distrib ution粉领族 pink-collartribe (Women who play major role in certain profess ions such as officeworkers, secreta ries, models, airline hostess es, etc)风险投资 venture capital; risk investm ent 疯牛病mad cow disease; bovinespongif orm enceoha lopath y (BSE)锋利扣杀razor-sharp smash封闭式基金close-ended fund封杀出局force out“封圣” canoniz ationof "Saints"福利彩票 welfare lotteri es福利分房 welfare-oriente d publichousing distrib utionsystem浮动工资floatin g wages; fluctua ting wages扶贫 poverty allevia tion覆盖率 coverag e rate复式住宅dup lex apartme nt; compoun d apartme nt (a type of residen tial housing that maximiz es usablespace by increas ing the numberof the storeybuildin g)G.改制上市：An enterpr ise is re-organiz ed accordi ng to moderncorpora te systemso that it will get listedon the stock market.感谢款待的信a bread and butterletter(a lettersent as thanksfor being treated well as someone's guest)干部队伍革命化、年轻化、知识化、专业化make the ranks of cadresmore revolut ionary,younger in average age, bettereducate d and profess ionall y more compete nt港人治港Hong Kong peopleadminis tering Hong Kong高层次、全方位的对话high-level and all-directi onal dialogu e高产优质 high yield and high quality高度自治 high degreeof autonom y高官会 SeniorOfficia ls Meeting (SOM)高级商务师 Certifi ed Busines s Executi ve 高架公路 elevate d highway; overhea d road 高科技板块 high-tech sector高难度动作 stunner, stunt高清晰度 high definit ion高新技术产业开发区high and new technol ogy industr ial develop ment zone (公路）隔离带 median根本政治制度fundame ntal politic al system个人收入应税申报制度the systemof the declara tion of individ ual incomes for tax payment个人自扫门前雪，莫管他人瓦上霜hoe one’s own potatoe s各大菜系 major stylesof cooking各尽所能let each persondo his best; from each accordi ng to his ability"各就位" "On your marks!"跟踪审计 follow-up auditin g恭喜发财May you be prosper ous!; Wish you all the best!功夫不负有心人 Everyth ing comes to him who waits.工程公司 enginee ring company工商局 industr ial and commerc ial bureau工薪阶层 salaria t; state employe e; salarie d person工业控制一体化integr ated industr ial control; industr ial control of integra tion 工业园区 industr ial park公费医疗 medical service s at state expense 公告板服务 Bulleti n Board Service (BBS) 公检法publicsecurit y organs, procura torial organsand people's courts公积金publ ic accumul ationfunds, publicreserve funds公开喊价市场open outcrymarkets公款吃喝recreat ionalactivit ies using publicfunds公司分立与解散separat ion and dissolu tion of a company公益林 publicwelfare forest公正、公平、公开just, fair and open公证财产 notariz e the propert ies共产党领导下的多党合作与政治协商multi-party coopera tion and politic al consult ationunder the leaders hip of Communi st Party 狗仔队dogpacks; paparaz zo (singula r), paparaz zi(plural) (It refersto those journal istswho are hunting the news of celebri ties.) 骨干企业 key enterpr ise股本金equi ty capital挂职1) take a tempora ry post (in order to temperoneself)2) serve in a lower level unit for a periodwhile retaini ng one's positio n in the previou s unit关税壁垒 customs barrier; tariffwall光谷 optical valley光机电一体化optical, mechani cal and electro nic integra tion光盘杂志 CD-ROM magazin e光通讯photo-communi cation; optical communi cation广告电话直销d irectrespons e adverti sing 广域网wide area network (WAN)皈依三宝 becomea Buddhis t国产化率importsubstit utionrate; localiz ationrate of parts and compone nts 国防动员体制the mobiliz ationfor nationa l defense国际惯例 interna tional commonpractic e 国际日期变更线Interna tional Date Line (IDL)《国际先驱论坛报》 Interna tional HeraldTribune国际商业机器公司Interna tional Busines s Machine Corpora tion (IBM)国家经济体制改革委员会the State Commiss ion for Restruc turing the Economi c Systems国家普通话水平考试Nationa l Profici ency Test of Putongh ua国家一级保护first-grade State protect ion 国家质量技术监督局the State Bureauof Quality and Technic al Supervi sion国脚 playerof the nationa l footbal l team; footbal ler of the nationa l team国库券 treasur y bonds国民党 Kuomint ang国民经济支柱产业pillarindustr ies in nationa l economy国债专项资金special fund for treasur y bond过度开垦 excessreclama tion过犹不及going too far is as bad as not going far enough;beyondis as wrong as fallingshort; too much is as bad as too littleH.海市蜃楼，镜花水月, 无稽之谈 a mare’s nest海湾战争综合症the complex itiesof the Gulf War函授大学 corresp ondenc e univers ity旱地滑雪场 mock skiingpark汉字处理软件Chinese charact er process ing softwar e航母 aircraf t carrier豪赌 unrestr ainedgamblin g好事不出门，恶事传千里 Good news never goes beyondthe gate, while bad news spreadfar and wide.好出风头的运动员exhibit ionist, grandst ander好莱坞大片 Hollywo od blockbu ster"好球" "Strike"和服 Kimono合理引导消费guide rationa l consump tion 合议庭 collegi ate bench核销 cancelafter verific ation黑店 gangste r inn黑客hacker黑社会Mafia-style organiz ations; ganglan d宏观调控 macro-control红包（中）red paper contain ing money as a gift, (贬) bribe, kickbac k《红楼梦》A Dream in Red Mansion s (The Story of the Stone)红帽子企业red cap enterpr ise (refersto the reputat ion a private enterpr ise enjoysby becomin g attache d to a governm ent departm ent and doing busines s in the name ofa state-run or collect ive-run enterpr ise)红细胞生成素Erythro poieti n (EPO)环太平洋地区Pacific Rim后防空虚 leave the defense exposed后台管理back-stage managem ent呼啦圈hu la hoop胡子工程long-drawn-out project(a project which takes so long that young workers becomebearded)虎父无犬子 A wise goose never lays a tame egg.互动广告 interac tive adverti sement户口簿 residen ce booklet户口管理制度domicil e system,residen ce registr ationsystem户主 head of a househo ld护身法宝 amulet华表ornamen tal column/cloud pillar/stele华盖 canopy滑板车 scooter"坏球" "Ball"还俗 resumesecular life, unfrock"黄、赌、毒" pornogr aphy, gamblin g and drug abuse and traffic king黄金时段prime time(吃)"皇粮" publicgrainfu nds, goods, etc provide d by the governm ent; salarypaid by the state挥棒swing挥棒不中fan灰色收入 incomefrom moonlig hting汇丰银行Hong Kong and Shang Hai Banking Corpora tion婚介所 matrimo nial agency婚外恋 extrama ritallove活到老，学到老One is never too old to learn.火炬计划Torch Program(a plan to develop new and high technol ogy)货币化 monetiz ation货币回笼withdra wal of currenc y from circula tion货到付款 cash on deliver y J.机场建设费 airport constru ctionfee机构臃肿oversta ffingin organiz ations (governm ent)基本路线要管一百年The basic line must be followe d unswerv inglyfor a very long time to come.基本国情fundame ntal realiti es of the country基层民主democra cy at the grassro ots level基层组织organiz ations at the grass-roots level基因工程 genetic enginee ring积压产品oversto cked commodi ties (invento ries)绩优股blue chip激烈竞争 cut-throatcompeti tion吉尼斯世界记录Guinnes s (Book of Records)吉祥物 mascot缉毒队 narcoti cs squad缉私力量the forcesengaged in the fight against smuggli ng集体婚礼 collect ive wedding ceremon y集中精力把经济建设搞上去go all out for economi c develop ment计划单列市 city specifi callydesigna ted in the state plan计划生育责任制respons ibilit y systemof familyplannin g计算机中央处理器central process ing unit(CPU)记者席press box"既成事实" fait accompl i (noun)技术产权交易所 technol ogy equitymarket; technol ogy propert y right exchang e技术密集产品technol ogy-intensi ve product技术下乡 spreadtechnol ogical knowled ge to farmers嘉宾 disting uished guest, honored guest加班 work extra shifts加密 encrypt加权平均值 weighte d average加强舆论监督ensurethat the correct orienta tion is maintai ned in publicopinion家庭联产承包责任制the househo ld contrac t respons ibilit y system家族企业 familyfirm假唱lip-synch假动作 decepti on, feint甲骨文 inscrip tionson oraclebones假日经济 holiday economy坚持统一，反对分裂，增加了解，化解歧见persist in reunifi cation, opposeseparat ion,increas e underst anding and iron out differe nces监督部门 watchdo g尖端产品 highlysophist icated product s剪彩 cut the ribbon剪刀差 the scissor s gap between the pricesof ... and ...减负 allevia te burdens on sb.减速玻璃(汽车）deceler atingglass减员增效downsiz ing for efficie ncy; cut payroll to improve efficie ncy江南水乡the south of the lower reaches of the YangzeRiver讲诚信，反欺诈：honor credibi lity and opposecheatin g降落伞候选人，外来候选人（应召而来参加本人非所在地区竞选的政党候选人）parachu te candida te脚踩两只船sit on the fence脚踏实地be down-to-earth侥幸球fluke教学法 pedagog y; teachin g method教育部社政司SocialScience Researc h and Ideolog ical Work Departm entof the Ministr y of Educati on接口 interfa ce街道企业 neighbo rhoodenterpr ise街心花园park at an interse ction;gardenin the city center节奏布鲁斯音乐（RMB音乐） rhythmblues 解放生产力emancip ate the product ive forces解放思想、实事求是的思想路线 ideolog ical line of emancip atingthe mind and seeking truth from facts解困基金 anti-poverty funds结售汇制度the systemof exchang e, settlem ent and sales戒毒所 drug rehabil itatio n center戒急用忍overcom e impetuo sity and exercis e patienc e金本位 gold standar d金边债券gilt-edged bonds金刚经 Vajracc hedika-sutra金降落伞 goldenparachu te金融电子化 compute rize financi al service s 金税工程 GoldenTax Project金无足赤, 人无完人Gold can't be pure and man can't be perfect.紧箍咒 inhibit ing magic phrase紧密型企业集团tightly-knit groupsof enterpr ises紧追cling to, shadow,thunder on one's trail近海渔业 offshor e fishery近水楼台先得月 First come, first served; A water-front pavilio n gets the moonlig ht first--the advanta ge of being in a favored positio n.进出口商会 chamber of importand exporttrade进口渗透 importpenetra tion进修班 class for further studies禁渔期 closedfishing seasons禁止在任何地方、任何环境进行一切方式的释放核能的核武器试验保爆炸prohibi t any nuclear weapontest explosi on which release s nuclear energyat any place and in any environ ment经常项目顺差f avorab le balance of current account, surplus of current account经常性贷款 commerc ial lending经常性支出 running expense s经济林cash tree经济全球化economi c globali zation; economi c integra tion经济失调指数miseryindex经济头脑commerc iallymindedpeople; peoplewith busines s sense经营管理高度科学化的现代化大企业modernbig enterpr ise with highlyscienti fic managem ent system精简机构 streaml ine governm ent organs精品 competi tive product s京剧票友PekingOpera fan京剧人物脸谱types of facialmake-up in Beijing opera景泰蓝 cloison né敬业精神profess ionaldedicat ion; profess ionalethics劲射power shot九五攻关State Key Task 95居委会neighbo rhoodcommitt ee; residen ts' committ ee局域网 local area network (LAN)举报电话 informa nts' hot-line telepho ne拒载 refuseto take passeng ers君子之交淡如水the friends hip between gentlem en is as pure as crystal;a hedge between keeps friends hip green竣工式 complet ion ceremon yK.卡丁车kart开发一代，储存一带，预研一代(产品）to develop this generat ion of product swhile researc hing on the next generat ion of product s开放式基金open-ended fund开工不足 enterpr ises running under their product ion capacit y开工典礼 commenc ementceremon y开后门unde r-the-counter deals; offer advanta ges to one's friends or relativ es by underha nd means 开题报告 opening speech; opening report开小灶 give special favor开夜车burn the midnigh t oil; work over night看守政府, 看守内阁，过渡政府caretak er cabinet坎儿井karez抗美援朝战争War to ResistUS Aggress ion and Aid Korea抗震棚 quake-proof shelter考研 take part in the entranc e exams for postgra duateschools考研热 the craze for graduat e school科技成果转化为生产力transfe r of scienti fic and technol ogical achieve ments科技含量 technol ogy content科技是第一生产力Science and technol ogy constit ute a primary product ive force.科教兴国 rely on science and educati on to rejuven ate the nation科研攻关 scienti fic researc h and tacklethe key researc h project可持续发展 sustain able develop ment刻录机 CD writer; disc-carving machine空头支票 accommo dation note, lip service 空中小姐 air hostess; air steward ess控股公司 holding company扣帽子put a label on跨世纪工程 a trans-century project跨越式发展great-leap-forward develop ment快讯news flash; flash宽带接入 broadba nd access宽带网 broadba nd network s宽限期 grace period亏损企业enterpr ises running in the red/under deficit困难职工the needyL.垃圾债券junk bond拉动经济增长fuel economi c growth拉拉队 cheerin g squad拉拉队长 cheer-leader, rooterking拉关系try to curry favor with来电显示电话机 callerID telepho ne来料加工process materia ls supplie d by clients; acceptcustome rs' materia ls for process ing劳动合同制 labor contrac t system老生常谈，陈词滥调cut and dried老字号an old and famousshop or enterpr ise"篱笆墙" barrier s/ blockag e to inter-regiona l trading礼尚往来 Courtes y calls for recipro city.理货公司 tally company礼仪小姐 ritualgirl利改税 substit utionof tax payment for profitdeliver y利好因素 wrinkle利基niche立体农业 three-dimensi onal agricul ture廉政建设constru ctionof a clean and honestadminis tratio n廉政、勤政、务实、高效政府an honest, diligen t, pragmat ic and efficie nt governm ent廉洁奉公，以正治国(of an officia l) clean and devoted, and governthe state with his own example of upright ness联产承包责任制systemof contrac ted respons ibilit y linking remuner ationto output;contrac t systemwith remuner ationlinkedto output联合国会费the UN members hip dues (fee)联合兼并conglom eratio n and mergerof enterpr ises联合联络小组joint liaison group联合投标 syndica ted tender联想集团LegendGroup连带责任 joint liabili ty练摊 to be a vendor良性循环 virtuou s circle粮食收购部门(governm ent's) grain procure ment (purchas ing) agencie s粮油关系：grain and oil rationi ng registr ation两岸直航促进会Associa tion for Promoti on of Cross-Straits DirectTranspo rtatio n两弹一艇A-bomb, H-bomb and nuclear-powered submari ne"两个对等的政治实体" "two equal politic al entitie s两个文明一起抓place equal emphasi s on materia l and ethical progres s两手抓两手都要硬We must address ourselv es to the problem of both materia l and spiritu alciviliz ation(both materia l as well as culture and ideolog ical progres s) without any letup."两思"（致富思源，富而思进） to think of the sourceof getting rich and of makingprogres safter becomin g affluen ce老少边穷地区formerrevolut ionary base areas, areas inhabit ed by minorit y nationa lities,remoteand borderareas and poverty-stricke n areas《聊斋志异》Strange Tales of a LonelyStudio猎头公司 head-hunting company劣等品shod dy goods; substan dard goods; lemon (口语)临时主教练caretak er coach零配件 spare and accesso ry parts领头羊 bellwet her留职停薪retainthe job but suspend the salary留学咨询：consult ing on the study abroad流动人口 transie nt populat ion流动图书馆 travell ing library; bookmob ile (行业中的)龙头老大leading enterpr ise; flagshi p of the industr y乱集资、乱摊派、乱收费unwarra ntedpooling of funds, arbitra ry requisi tion of donatio nsand exactio n of fees from enterpr ises乱收费、乱摊派、乱罚款 arbitra ry charges, fund-raising quotasand fines《论语》 Analect s of Confuci us论文答辩 (thesis) oral defense裸机：bare mobilephone旅行结婚 have a honeymo on trip绿地覆盖率 forestcoverag e rate绿化 affores tation绿色急救通道emergen cy green path绿色食品green foodM.马拉松式竞选活动 campaig nathon马路菜场入室工程the project to build indoorfree marketto accommo date streetvegetab le vendors马太效应the Matthew effect(A phenome non in specifi c circles whereby one's accompl ishmen tsand reputat ion tend to snowbal l, and those with meageraccompl ishmen ts have greater difficu ltyachievi ng accompl ishmen ts. )满意度 degreeof satisfa ction盲流和倒流人员transie nt from the country side帽子戏法hat trick冒充包装（销售）[指将劣质商品包装成外观像名优产品出售的做法] copycat packagi ng买一送一two-for-one offer, buy one get one free美声唱法bel canto美食节 gourmet festiva l每逢佳节倍思亲 On festive occasio ns more than ever one thinksof one's dear ones far away./ It is on the festiva l occasio ns when one misseshis dear most.门前三包be respons ible for general sanitat ion, green coverin g and keeping good socialorderin a designa ted area outside the unit buildin g蒙古包 (Mongoli an) yurt蒙古大夫quack朦胧诗 misty poetry民办教师citizen-managed teacher s (teacher s in rural citizen-managed or state-managed schoolswho do not receive the normalremuner ationfrom the governm ent)民工潮 farmers' frenzie d hunt for work in cities民进党 Democra tic Progres sive Party民主党派、工商联与无党派人士non-Communi st parties, federat ions of industr y and commerc e,persona ges without party affilia tion民族凝聚力 nationa l cohesio n民族委员会ethnicaffairs commiss ion民族文化大省a provinc e with rich ethnicculture明明白白消费（2000年保护消费者权益工作主题）transpa rent consump tion磨洋工 dawdlealong模拟测试 mock test; simulat ed exam莫失良机 make hay while the sun shines目标管理 managem ent by objecti vesN.NASDAQNationa l Associa tion of Securit ies Deal Automat ed Quotati ons纳米 nanomet er难得糊涂Where ignoran ce is bliss, it's folly to be wise.南水北调 South-to-North water diversi on 南水北调工程divertwater from the south to the north project男权主义思想male chauvin ism囊括 complet e a sweep耐用消费品durable consume r items (goods)闹情绪 be disgrun tled; be in a fit of pique。
中国文化特色词汇三种原文
中式英语之鉴《对外宣传中的英语质量亟待提高》一、望文生义，不符合英语表达习惯的翻译，即所谓Chinglish：举例：胶水glue不准拍照No photography当心碰头Mind your head拳头产品fist product/key product黄金地段hit area看世界（电视栏目）open to the world免淘米二、不符合国际上通用惯例的翻译，主要指一些常用的专门术语：举例：外向型产业export-oriented industry保税区bonded area小商品博览会small commodity fair/ Internaional Commodities Fair三、汉语中某些地道的简略语英译后令人难以理解：举例：五讲四美five stresses and four points of beauty三通three exchanges( of mail, trade, air and shipping services)四、意思译走样的翻译：举例：进出口商品结构structure of imports and exports; commodity composition of imports and exports; pattern of import and export merchandise; lineups of imports and exports;机场班车airport shuttle空调公共汽车an air-conditioned bus（海南岛）天涯海角Ultima Thule，五、只顾词语的字面意思，而不顾其特殊含义的翻译：举例：仲裁员休息室Referees lounge旅游热点travel hotspots摸着石头过河move steadily; look before you leap;超值享受invaluable enjoyment人文奥运Humanity Olympics科技奥运Scientific Olympics在不了解中外文化差异情况下的文化移植：举例：以外贸企业为龙头六、以汉语拼音权充翻译：举例：止咳川贝枇杷露Chuanbei Bipa Cough syrup上海皮鞋Shanghai leather shoes七、说话的语气或口气不当，影响对外宣传效果：举例：●旅客登记时，须凭足以证明本人身份的有效证件，并说明住宿原因。
2023年四级翻译汉译英主题词汇
汉译英主题词汇1.中国老式文化四大发明the Four Great Inventions 造纸术paper-making 火药gunpowder 指南针/罗盘compass印刷术printing 孔子Confucius孟子Mencius 思想学派school of thought关键思想the core of ideology 代表人物representative儒家思想Confucianism 儒家文化Confucian culture道家Daoism 法家Legalism和尚;僧人monk 乐器musical instrumental琴棋书画guqin,game of go, calligraphy and painting笛子flute 二胡erhu古筝guzheng 鼓drum琵琶Chinese lute 中国象棋Chinese chess围棋Chinese Go 对弈play chess棋子chess pieces 棋盘chessboard中国书法Chinese calligraphy 甲骨文oracle bone script 文房四宝the four treasures of the study 毛笔brush pen 墨ink stick 砚台inkstone纸paper 笔划stroke四大名著the four masterpieces 中文Chinese character 《西游记》Journey to the West; The Money King《红楼梦》Dream of the Red Chamber; A Dream of Red Mansions 《三国演义》Romance of the Three Kingdoms<<水浒传>>Water Margin; Outlaws of the Mash《诗经》Books of Songs《史记》Records of the Grand Historian;Historical Records唐诗宋词Tang and Song Poetry; Poetry of Tang and Song Danasties 元曲Yuan opera 眀小说Ming novel一般话四声调the four tones of Mandarin Chinese对联couplet 俗语idiom词语phrase 国画Chinese (traditional) painting山水画landscape painting 写意画free sketch painting敦煌壁画Dunhuang frescoes 龙旳形象the image of dragon孔子庙Confucius Temple 黄河the Yellow River长江the Yangtze River 长城the Great Wall故宫the Imperial Palace ; the Forbidden City故宫博物馆The Palace Museum 天安门广场Tiananmen Square胡同hutong 太极拳Tai Chi文武双全be excellent both in the arts of pen and sword孙子兵法Sun Zi’s Art of War ; Master Sun’s Art of War科举制imperial examination system 状元the top scholar; champion 武术Chinese martial arts 古代兵器ancient weapon盔甲suit of armor 剑sword古玩antique 算盘abacus三百六十行all walks of life ; all kinds of jobs 铁饭碗iron bowl 礼节etiquette尊老爱幼respect the old and love the young 礼品馈赠present-giving 民间禁忌folk taboos 丧葬funeral 孝服mourning clothes纸钱ghost money 十二生肖Chinese Zodiac 鼠Rat 牛Ox 鸡Rooster梅花plum blossoms竹子bamboo 松pine 牡丹peony 莲花lotus 莲藕lotus root 中山装Chinese tunic suit中国老式服饰tradition Chinese costume 唐装the Tang suit 民间故事folk tale 寓言fable传说legend凡间human world重要文化遗产major cultural heritage 国宝national treasure 文物cultural relics 高雅艺术high/refined art才子佳人gifted scholars and beautiful ladies享有…….旳声誉enjoy a good/high reputation for被誉为be honored/crowned as 增进友谊enhance friendship 推广中国文化promote Chinese culture文化底蕴cultural deposit 文化事业cultural undertaking文化冲击cultural shock 蓬勃发展flourish文化特性和价值观national identity and value在各地差异很大vary widely from region/place to region/place增进文化旳传播promote the spread of culture丰富多彩be rich and colorful 老式美德traditional virtues尊敬老人respect the elderly 赡养父母support/take care of parents 象征意义symbolic meaning审美观/品味taste for beauty ; aesthetic taste2.中国老式节日春节the Spring Festival 除夕Chinese New Year’s Eve年夜饭the dinner on New Year’s Eve 小年minor Spring Festival 春运Spring Festival travel seasons; Chunyun period买年货do Spring Festival shopping ; buy necessity for Spring Festival 扫尘土sweep the dust 剪窗花do paper-cutting贴春联stick couplets 挂灯笼hang lanterns祭祖offer sacrifices to one’s ancestors 祭祀sacrifices烟花爆竹fireworks and firecrackers 财神the god of wealth压岁钱gift money; lucky money 包饺子make dumplings拜年New Year’s visit 阳历solar calendar天干heavenly stem 地支earthly branch闰年leap year 亲朋好友relatives and friends探亲访友pay a visit to relatives and friends大扫除thoroughly clean the house驱厄运sweep away ill fortune; get rid of bad luck清除劫难ward off evils 年画New Year Picture发红包give money in red envelopes; hand out red envelopes 欢度……the celebration of……; celebrate……. 年糕rice cake 转运have a chance of luck 春卷spring rolls春节联欢晚会Spring Festival Gala 祝愿短信blessing message 元宵节the Lantern Festival 元宵sweet dumplings扭秧歌do the Yangko Dance 舞龙dragon dance舞狮lion dance 灯谜lantern riddles龙昂首Dragon Heads-raising Day 祈雨pray for rain丰收good harvest 清明节Tomb Sweeping Day雨水rainwater 春耕the Spring ploughing扫墓attend/sweep tomb; clean the grave祭品sacrifices; sacrifice offerings 踏青have an outgoing in Spring 端午节Dragon Boats Festival 粽子Zongzi; glutinous rice pudding 赛龙舟dragon boats racing 雄黄酒realgar wine七夕Double Seventh Festival 梳妆dress and make up牛郎Cowherd 织女Weaver Maid喜鹊桥the magpie bridge 中元节/鬼节Ghost Festival河灯water lantern 中秋节Mid-autumn Festival团圆饭family reunion dinner 花灯colorful lantern月圆夜full moon 赏月enjoy the moon吃月饼have moon cake 思想be homesick重阳节Double Ninth Festival 重阳糕double ninth cake赏菊enjoy chrysanthemums 菊花酒chrysanthemum wine 寒食节Cold Food Festival 冷食cold food禁烟smoking ban; not allow to make fire 斗鸡cockfight 蹴鞠kickball; cuju 荡秋千play on a swing拔河push-and-pull; tug of war 腊八节the Laba Festival 腊八粥Laba rice porridge 腊八面Laba noodle3.中国饮食文化中国菜Chinese cuisine; Chinese food 粤菜Canton cuisine 炒stir-fry 煎fry炸deep-fry 烩/焖/炖stew蒸steam 烘焙bake切条cut to strips 切丁dice切碎mince 磨碎grind特色食品specialty 红茶black tea绿茶green tea 火锅hotpot熊掌bear paw 豆浆soybean milk馒头steamed buns 花卷steamed twisted rolls包子steamed stuffed buns; Baozi 北京烤鸭Beijing Roast Duck 4.中国老式手工艺老式工艺品traditional handicraft 绣花鞋embroidered shoes优秀民间艺术品outgoing folk arts 中国瓷器Chinese ceramics 唐三彩Tricolor-glazed Pottery of the T ang Dynasty彩陶painted pottery 材质各异various materials陶器pottery; earthenware 质地坚硬hard texture青铜器bronze ware 造型生动vivid figure雕刻carving 色彩丰富rich color玉雕jade carving 风格独特characteristic/unique style蜡染wax printing 中国织绣Chinese silk embroideries泥人clay figure 中国结Chinese knot刺绣embroidery 绣球embroidered ball5.中国演出艺术脸谱facial makeup 正面角色positive role说学逗唱speaking, imitating, teasing and singing木偶戏puppet show 说书story-telling皮影戏shadow play 杂技acrobatics客家山歌Hakka hill song 历史人物historical figure四大文明古国之一one of the four ancient civilizations 人类文明史the history of human civilization中国古代史ancient Chinese History中国近现代史modern history of China历史遗留问题a question left over from history/the past 源远流长/历史悠久with/have a long history繁华盛世a time of prosperity 古都ancient capital华夏之祖ancestors of Chinese nation 发祥地birthplace 封建朝代feudal dynasty 远古时代ancient times兴起于……,昌盛于……..emerge in……and prosper in…..原始社会primitive society 战国the Warring States春秋时期the Spring and Autumn Period封建社会feudal society 印/玺seal/stamp皇妃imperial concubine 太后empress dowager诸侯Prince/duck under an emperor 宰相prime minister 士大夫scholar-officials 太监eunuch侍卫bodyguard 将军general6.旅游交通旅游景点tourist scenes 避暑胜地summer resort森林公园forest park 人文景观human landscape自然景观natural scenery 建筑architecture壮丽河山magnificent scenery 皇家园林royal garden古典山水园林classical landscape garden钟楼bell tower 鼓楼drum tower牌坊memorial archway 兵马俑Terracotta Warriors天坛the Temple of Heaven 保留最完好旳best-preserved 原址original site 国家博物馆national museum中外游客tourist from home and aboard7.地理环境版图广阔have a vast territory 省会provincial capital水域面积water area 高原plateau三面环山be surrounded by mountains on three side全长……公里stretch for…km/kilometers 植物园botanical garden 淡水湖freshwater lake 沿海港口coastal port8.医疗健康诊断diagnosis(n); diagnose(v) 偏方folk prescription祖传秘方secret prescription handed down from one’s ancestors 中医Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)救死扶伤heal the sick and rescue the dying望闻问切observing, listening, inquiring, pulse-taking 肥胖症obesity 草药herbal therapy食疗food therapy 延缓衰老slow down aging。
生态翻译视角的中国特色词汇英译
生态翻译视角的中国特色词汇英译中国特色词汇是指在中国的文化、社会、经济、政治等方面所产生的、具有鲜明中国特色的词汇。
在生态领域，中国特色的词汇也有一些独特的表达方式和含义。
以下是一些常见的中国特色词汇的英译：2. 生态文明(shēng tài wén mín) - ecological civilization生态文明是中国特色社会主义发展理论的重要组成部分，强调人与自然的和谐发展。
3. 碧水蓝天(bì shuǐ lán tiān) - blue water and sky碧水蓝天是形容自然环境美好的词组，通常用来形容清澈透明的水和晴朗明亮的天空。
4. 生态保护(shēng tài bǎo hù) - ecological conservation生态保护是指保护生物多样性、维护自然生态系统稳定的行为。
6. 绿色发展(lǜ sè fā zhǎn) - green development绿色发展是指在经济发展过程中注重环境保护和可持续发展的发展方式。
8. 环境污染(huán jìng wū rǎn) - environmental pollution环境污染是指人类活动引起的破坏自然环境、影响生态系统平衡的现象。
11. 节约资源(jié yuē zī yuán) - resource conservation节约资源是指在使用自然资源时减少浪费，合理利用资源的行为。
12. 绿色生活(lǜ sè shēng huó) - green lifestyle绿色生活是指以环保和可持续发展的理念为指导，追求低碳、低能耗、环保的生活方式。
中国传统文化词汇中英互译
中国传统文化词汇中英互译1. 元宵节： Lantern Festival2. 刺绣：embroidery3. 重阳节：Double-Ninth Festival4. 清明节：Tomb sweeping day5. 剪纸：Paper Cutting6. 书法：Calligraphy7. 对联：(Spring Festival) Couplets8. 象形文字：Pictograms/Pictographic Characters9. 人才流动：Brain Drain/Brain Flow10. 四合院：Siheyuan/Quadrangle11. 战国：Warring States12. 风水：Fengshui/Geomantic Omen13. 铁饭碗：Iron Bowl14. 函授部：The Correspondence Department15. 集体舞：Group Dance16. 黄土高原：Loess Plateau17. 红白喜事：Weddings and Funerals18. 中秋节：Mid-Autumn Day19. 结婚证：Marriage Certificate20. 儒家文化：Confucian Culture21. 附属学校：Affiliated school22. 古装片：Costume Drama23. 武打片：Chinese Swordplay Movie24. 元宵：Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling (Soup)25. 一国两制：One Country, Two Systems26. 火锅：Hot Pot27. 四人帮：Gang of Four28. 《诗经》：The Book of Songs29. 素质教育：Essential-qualities-oriented Education30. 《史记》：Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian31. 大跃进：Great Leap Forward (Movement)32. 《西游记》：The Journey to the West33. 除夕：Chinese New Year’s Eve/Eve of the Spring Festival34. 针灸：Acupuncture35. 唐三彩：Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty/ The Tang Tri-colored pottery36. 中国特色的社会主义：Chinese-charactered Socialist/Socialist with Chinese characteristics37. 偏旁：radical38. 孟子：Mencius39. 亭/阁： Pavilion/ Attic40. 大中型国有企业：Large and Medium-sized State-owned Enterprises41. 火药：gunpowder42. 农历：Lunar Calendar43. 印/玺：Seal/Stamp44. 物质精神文明建设：The Construction of Material Civilization and Spiritual Civilization45. 京剧：Beijing Opera/Peking Opera46. 秦腔：Crying of Qin People/Qin Opera47. 太极拳：Tai Chi48. 独生子女证：The Certificate of One-child49. 天坛：Altar of Heaven in Beijing50. 小吃摊：Snack Bar/Snack Stand51. 红双喜：Double Happiness52. 政治辅导员：Political Counselor/School Counselor53. 春卷：Spring Roll(s)54. 莲藕：Lotus Root55. 追星族：Star Struck56. 故宫博物院：The Palace Museum57. 相声：Cross-talk/Comic Dialogue58. 下岗：Lay off/Laid off59. 北京烤鸭：Beijing Roast Duck60. 高等自学考试：Self-taught Examination of Higher Education61. 烟花爆竹：fireworks and firecracker62. 敦煌莫高窟：Mogao Caves63. 电视小品：TV Sketch/TV Skit64. 香港澳门同胞：Compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao65. 文化大革命：Cultural Revolution66. 长江中下游地区：The Mid-low Reaches of Yangtze River67. 门当户对：Perfect Match/Exact Match68. 《水浒》：Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh69. 中外合资企业：Joint Ventures70. 文房四宝（笔墨纸砚）："The Four Treasure of the Study" "Brush, Inkstick, Paper, and Inkstone"71.兵马俑：cotta Warriors/ Terracotta Army72.旗袍：cheongsam翻译中的黄金词组一、政治类：1. 日益昌盛become increasingly prosperous2. 快速发展develop rapidly3. 隆重集会gather ceremoniously4. 热爱和平love peace5. 追求进步pursue progress6. 履行权利和义务perform the responsibilities and obligations7. 回顾奋斗历程review the course of struggle8. 展望伟大征程look into the great journey9. 充满信心和力量be filled with confidence and strength10. 必胜be bound to win11. 主张各国政府采取行动urge governments of all countries to takeaction12. 和平共处coexist peacefully13. 对内开放和对外开放open up both externally and internally14. 经历两个不同时期experience two different periods15. 战胜无数的困难overcome numerous difficulties16. 赢得一个又一个胜利win one victory after another17. 完全意识到be fully aware that18. 迈出重要的一步make an important step19. 采取各种措施adopt various measures20. 得出结论,告一段落draw ( arrive at, come to reach ) a conclusion21. 实现民族独立realize national independence22. 追求真理seek the truth23. 建立社会主义制度establish a socialist system24. 根除(防止,消除)腐败root out (prevent, eliminate) corruption25. 响应号召respond to the call26. 进入新时期enter a new period27. 实行新政策practice new policies28. 展现生机和活力display one’s vigor and vitality29. 增强综合国力enhance comprehensive(overall) national strength and和国际竟争力international competitiveness30. 进入世界先进行列edge into the advanced ranks in the world31. 解决温饱问题solve the problem of food and clothing32. 吸收各国文明的先进成果absorb what is advanced in other civilizations33. 与日俱增increase every day34. 实现夙愿fulfill the long-cherished wishes35. 必将实现be bound to come true36. 锻造一支人民军队forge a people’s army37. 建立巩固的国防build a strong national defense38. 进行和谈hold peace talks39. 修改法律amend the laws40. 在．．．中起（至关）play a major的(crucial, an important ) role in重要作用41. 对．．．做出重要(巨大)贡献make important (great, major )contributions to42. 遵循规则follow the principles43. 把理论和实际结合起来integrate theory with practice …44. 把．．．作为指导take… as the guide45. 缓和紧张状况ease the tension46. 高举伟大旗帜hold high the great banner47. 解决新问题resolve new problems48. 观察当今世界observe the present-day world49. 开拓前进open up new ways forward50. 增强凝聚力enhance the rally power51. 结束暴力，开始和平谈判end the violence and resume peace talks52. 进行战略性调整make strategic readjustment53. 开始生效go into effect / enter into force54. 就．．．接受妥协accept a compromise on55. 接受．．．的采访be interviewed by56. 把……看成社会公敌look upon … as a threat to society57. 把……捐给慈善机构donate …to charities58. 维护世界和平maintain world peace59. 摆脱贫穷落后get rid of poverty and backwardness60. 实现发展繁荣bring about development and prosperity61. 反对各种形式的恐怖主义be opposed to all forms of terrorism62. 宣布。
(完整)中国历史文化常用词汇英译(英语四六级翻译必背)
中国历史文化常用词汇英译Confucianism 儒教/儒家思想Taoism 道教Buddhism佛教temple寺庙Confucius孔子Mencius孟子Lao Tzu 老子ethics伦理学morality 道德benevolence 仁spiritual 精神的harmony 和谐The Analects of Confucius《论语》The Art of War《孙子兵法》Historical Records《史记》Historical Records《史记》zodiac十二生肖feudal封建的dynasty 朝代emperor； monarch皇帝，君主rein 统治royal 皇家的Tang Princess Wencheng 文成公主Empress Dowager Ci Xi慈禧太后prime minister丞相，宰相ethnic minority少数民族offer sacrifices 祭祀the Western Regions西域cradle of civilization文明的摇篮the Reform Movement of 1898 戌戌变法the Opium War 鸦片战争the War of Resistance Against Japan抗日战争Lunar calendar阴历Fengshui;geomantic omen风水calligraphy书法copybook 字帖Chinese character 汉字pictographic characters象形文字Mandarin （中国）普通话dialect 方言Chinese traditional painting 国画ink—wash painting 水墨画landscape painting 山水画mount裱scroll卷轴figure人物pavilion 阁，亭writing brush 毛笔ink 墨Xuan paper宣纸ink stone 砚台 A Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival清明上河图mural painting 壁画clay figure泥人folk art 民间艺术craftsman 工匠Beijing Opera 京剧facial make—up 脸谱costume 服装acrobatics杂技cross-talk 相声clapper talk快板storytelling评书Xiaopin小品Puppet show木偶剧shadow play 皮影戏zither古筝Tai Chi太极the four great inventions of ancient China 中国古代四大发明the Silk Road丝绸之路compass 指南针papermaking 造纸术gunpowder火药printing 印刷术movable type printing活字印刷fleet 舰队voyage航海traditional Chinese medicine 中药acupuncture 针灸medical massage推拿herbal medicine草药abacus 算盘bronze ware 青铜器porcelain 瓷器seismograph 地动仪Go 围棋martial arts (Wushu)武术fireworks 烟花firecracker鞭炮statutory holiday 法定假日Spring Festival 春节The Spring Festival Gala on CCTV春节联欢晚会gift of money wrapped in red paper 红包New Year gift－money压岁钱family reunion 团圆Lantern Festival元宵节Dragon Boat Festival 端午节sticky rice dumplings粽子Mid—autumn Festival 中秋节moon cake 月饼the Double Seventh Festival 七夕Spring Festival couplets 对联temple fair庙会festival lantern花灯lantern riddle灯谜God of Wealth 财神dumpling 饺子dragon boat race 龙舟赛dragon and lion dance 狮子龙灯舞stilt walking踩高跷dragon boat race赛龙舟kite flying 放风筝Yangge dance 秧歌舞Chinese cuisine中国菜color色aroma香taste , flavor 味chopsticks 筷子Sichuan cuisine川菜soybean milk 豆浆deep－fried dough sticks油条steamed buns 馒头steamed twisted rolls花卷steamed stuffed buns包子Beijing roast duck北京烤鸭hand－stretched noodles拉面hot pot火锅tofu 豆腐instant noodles 方便面wood—cut block print 木刻版画papercutting， paper-cuts 剪纸Chinese Spring Festival Paintings年画cloisonne 景泰蓝embroidery刺绣Suzhou embroidery苏绣batik 蜡染pattern 图案decorate v. 装饰decoration n. 装饰Chinese tunic suit 中山装cheongsam (qipao ）旗袍Tang-style costume 唐装feature 特色unique to China 中国特有的characteristic 特点the Imperial Palace故宫the Forbidden City 紫禁城Beijing quadrangles北京四合院hutong胡同the Temple of Heaven 天坛The Summer Palace 颐和园the Great Wall 长城drum tower鼓楼the Terra—cotta Army of the First Emperor of Qin兵马俑the Mausoleum of Emperor Huangdi黄帝陵scenery, landscape 风景place of interests名胜tourist attraction/resort 观光胜地sightsee v。
中国常用特色词汇汉英对照
中国常用特色词汇汉英对照高月琴选自网络塔楼tower抬杠argue for the sake of arguing; bicker太空垃圾space trash; space junk太空人；航天员(China)taikonaut;astronaut太空时代the Age of Aquarius太空梭space shuttle太空行走space walks太空站space station台联All-China Federation of Taiwan Compatriots态貌posture; bearing太平洋舰队(美) Pacific Fleet跆拳道tae kwon do台湾当局the Taiwan authorities台湾是中国神圣领土不可分割的一局部Taiwan is an inalienable part of the inviolable territory of China.台湾同胞Taiwan compatriots台湾、香港、澳门保持原有的资本主义制度和生活方式长期不变Taiwan, Hong Kong and Ma cao will retain the current capitalist system and way of life for a long time to come.太阳浴sun bath; insolation“太阳神”号探测器Helios probe台柱子mainstay;pillar backbone台湾海峡the Taiwan Straits太阳能电池板solar cell plate太阳能汽车solar car摊薄每股收益diluted earning per share摊点stall; booth; vendor's stand贪多嚼不烂bite off more than one can chew炭疽anthrax探明储量verified deposits; verified reserves摊牌put/lay one’s card on the table摊派apportion(expenses,work,ect.)谈判的筹码bargain chip摊平头handle a matter in a rigid and uniform way探亲假home leave探亲外交family-visit diplomacy; relative-visiting diplomacy摊市vending fair贪污腐化corruption and degeneration弹性工资flexible pay弹性就业flexible employment弹性外交elastic diplomacy弹性预算discretionary budget探月车lunikhod唐老鸭Donald Duck糖衣炮弹sugar-coated bullets唐装traditional Chinese garments (clothing); Tang suit弹性汇率flexible exchange rate逃避银行债务evasion of repayment of bank loans套瓷cotton up to套购 1. illegally buy up-illegally purchase state-controlled commodity for resale 2. fraudul ently purchase韬光养晦hide one's capacities and bide one's time套话empty conventional talk套换fraudulently purchase or exchange逃汇evade the state control of foreign exchange套汇illegally obtain foreign exchange讨价还价wheel and deal套近乎cotton up to someone; curry favor with someone套利arbitrage逃票to sneak through without a ticket逃票者ticket evader套期保值hedge逃生装置secape system套书serial books逃税tax evasion陶冶情操cultivate one's taste (temperament)讨债公司debt-collection company逃逸塔escape tower特别提款权special drawing rights (SDR; SDRs) ; paper gold特别行政区special administrative region特技演员stunt man; stand-in特快专递express mail service (EMS)特困exceptional poverty; special difficulty特困地区destitute areas特困行业和企业industries and enterprises in dire straits特洛伊木马Trojan horse特聘specially invite( or engage)特色机feature phone特事特办handle special cases with special methods特务secret agent特写镜头close-up(shot)特型演员typecast actor特许税franchise tax特制的purpose-made特种兵special forces特种债券special bonds特别处理股；ST股Special Treatment特别转让股；PT股Particular Transfer替补队员(in sports ) replacement team members; second-string members; reserves; spa re player; potential replacement提成deduct提调promote or transfer( a cadre)梯队echelon体改委commission for economic restructuring提干promote cadre提升城乡居民生活水平upgrade the living standards of both urban and rural residents提升农产品收购价格the government's increase in its procurement prices (for farm produ cts)提升社会参与度to enhance (encourage) mass participation提价price hike踢皮球kick the ball提请submit something to替身演员stunt man/woman; stand-in; double body题外话digression; mention in passing体育彩票sports lotteries体制创新institutional innovation替罪羊scapegoat天赋人权natural rights天机nature's mystery; secret添加剂additive天时、地利、人和favorable climatic, geographical and human comditions; favorable objec tive adn subjective factors for success填鸭式教学cramming method of teaching天有不测风云Anything unexpected may happen. a bolt from the blue;out of the blue跳槽job-hopping跳槽者job-hopper挑大梁shoulder a big beam调幅amplitude modulation(AM)“跳进黄河洗不清” "even if one jumped into the Yellow River, one can not wash oneself clean--there's nothing one can do to clear one's name "调酒师bartender调侃 1.joke, tease; 2. chitchat, empty talk跳梁小丑contemptible scoundrel跳棋Chinese chequers; Chinese draughts; halma条条框框red tape;silly(or outdated) rules and regulations跳蚤市场flea market调整和优化产业结构re-adjust and optimize the industrial structure调节收入readjust income distribution提倡社会主义政治文明、物质文明、精神文明的协调发展promote coordinated development of socialist political, materialist and spiritual civilization铁饭碗iron rice bowl铁哥们faithful pal；buddies；sworn friend铁腕人物strongman; iron-handed person贴息贷款soft loan贴现公司discount house贴现率discount market铁血宰相iron-and-blood prime minister提升抗风险水平increase vigilance against risks提升科技创新水平improve scientific and technological ability for innovation提升全民文化素质improve the quality of the population停产整业suspend operation in order to consolidate庭审try(or hear)a case in court停薪留职retain one's position with one's salary suspended; obtain an indefinite leave of absence from one's work unit停业closing days; stop doing business庭院经济courtyard economy厅长head of a department (under a provincial government)庭长chief judge体制性障碍systematic obstacles统保all risk insurance统编compile for universal use同步卫星geostationary satellilte通才versatile person统筹安排comprehensive arrangement统筹城乡发展balance urban and rural development统筹兼顾make overall plans adn take all factors into consideration; overall planning an d all-round consideration通存通兑the banking procedure where deposits and withdrawals are processed at any branch bank同等学力have the same educational level (as the regular graduate or student of certain academic qualification)同等学力申请硕士学位统考general examination for applicants with education background equivalent to college graduates for master's degree通兑circulate or exchange统分结合的双层经营体制the system of unified management combined with independent management通关be cleared by the customs通货混合,鸡尾酒式货币currency cocktail通货回笼withdrawal of currency in circulation通货紧缩deflation (of currency)通货升值currency revaluation同类产品like product通票through ticket通商口岸trading ports同声传译simultaneous interpretation统收统支unified collection and allocation of funds by the state同乡会an association of fellow provincials or townsmen通信光缆communications optical cable同业拆借inter-bank borrowing统一的多民族国家 a unified multi-ethnic country统一的会计制度 a unified accounting system统一市场single market统一税"flat tax, consolidated tax"统一战线united front通用分组无线业务General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)通用汽车公司General Motors Corporation (GM)统战部United Front Department of the Party Central Committee筒子楼tube-shaped apartment投标bid for; tender for头寸紧credit crunch; fund shortage头寸松credit ease偷渡者stowaway偷工减料use inferior materials and turn out sub-standed products透过现象看本质see through the appearance to perceive the essence头号种子选手No.1 seed (player); top seed投机取巧opportunism投机商号bucket shop透明度transparency投入产出invest and produce; throw in and turn out投入少、效益高、见效快的科技成果advances in science and technology require less inpu t，yield greater economic results and promise quick returns头市morning market投手pitcher偷税漏税tax evasion偷税、骗税、逃税、抗税"tax evasion, tax fraud, and refusal to pay taxes "投诉sue; accuse投诉中心complaint center透心凉bitterly disappointed投资多元化the diversification of investment投资风险investment risk投资环境investment environment投资信心investor confidence投资需求demand for investment投资制约机制investment control mechanism投资主体the investment subject投资热investment fever土地承包期land contract period土地复垦制度the system of land rehabilitation土地沙化desertification of land; desert encroachment土地市场秩序the order of the land market土地使用权land-use right土地酸化acidification土地征收征用制度system for land expropriation and requisition突击队shock brigade突击提干crash promotion of cadres吐苦水pour out one's grievance土老帽clodhopper;(country)bumpkin土特产special and local product图像数据view data“秃鹰”美韩军事演习Fall Eagle excercise团队精神team spirit; esprit de corps团结就是力量Unity is strength.团身bunch up the body团团转be up to one's ears in work; pace about in an agitated state of mind土地家庭承包制the household-based land contract system退耕还林还草grain for green退耕还林还牧convert the land for forestry and pasture退耕还林、还草工程grain for green project退耕还林convert cultivated land into forests推广科研成果turning laboratory achievements into commercial/mass production; commer cialization of laboratory achievements推动城镇化carry out the process of urbanization退居二线retire from the leading post; retreat to the back line退离休retired and outgone;retirement and retreat退市delist (a listed company)退休金retirement benefits退役军人ex-servicemen推动舱propelling module囤积居奇hoarding and speculation; hoard for profiteering purposes脱产be disengaged from work; divorce oneself from one's work脱产学习be released from regular work for study托福考试Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL)托管trust; trusteeship脱机off-line脱口秀talk show拖拉作风dilatory style of work;be dilatory in work脱盲cast off illiteracy鸵鸟政策ostrich policy; ostrichism脱贫致富"cast (shake, throw) off poverty and set out on a road to prosperity"拖欠工程款default on construction cost拖欠工资arrears of wage脱手release grip脱销out of stock拓销expand the market(for a certain type of goods)脱氧核糖核酸deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)拖油瓶children from the preceding marriage( who are now living with second mothers or fathers)脱中国化de-Sinification。
中国特色文化词英译浅谈之——二十四节气
天气已冷，开始有霜 冻了，所以叫霜降。
Frost's Descent (18th solar term) Oct.23 or 24
Frost's Descent
Cicadas chill And drearily shrill, We stand face to face at an evening hour Before the pavilion, after a sudden shower. Can I care for drinking before we part? At the city gate Where we're lingering late, But the boat is waiting for me to depart. Hand in hand, we gaze at each other's tearful eyes And burst into sobs with words congealed on our lips.
蒹葭苍苍，白露为霜；所谓伊人，在水一方； 溯洄从之，道阻且长。溯游从之，宛在水中央。
秋分这一天同春分一样，阳光几乎直射赤道， 昼夜几乎相等。
the Autumnal Equinox (16th solar term) Sept.22,23 or 24
气温更低，空气已 结露水，渐有寒意。
Cold Dew (17th solar term) Oct.8 or 9
“杨柳青青江水平，闻郎江上唱歌声。东边日出西边雨，道是无晴还有晴。” ——刘禹锡《竹枝词》
Lesser/Slight Heat (11th solar term)
Lesser/Slight Heat (July.6,7 or 8)
中国特色词汇英译
中国特色词汇英译一、中国特色词汇的意义和特点中国特色词汇是指在中国特定历史背景下形成并广泛使用的词汇。
这些词汇通过准确、精细的表达方式，传达出中国人民的思想观念、文化价值和生活方式。
中国特色词汇具有独特的意义和特点，体现了中国文化的深厚底蕴和独特魅力。
二、中国特色词汇的英译1. "和谐" (Harmony)"和谐" 是中国特色词汇中最具代表性的词之一。
它强调人与人之间的和睦相处、社会环境的和睦共融。
在中国文化中，和谐是一种普遍追求的目标，它指向了人与自然、人与社会、人与自己之间的和谐关系。
在英文中，"Harmony" 这个词可以用来表达相似的概念，但它不能完全传达出中国特色的深度和广度。
2. "亲" (Familial affection)"亲" 在中国特色词汇中有着深厚的意义。
它不仅仅指亲属关系，更多的是强调家庭成员之间的亲密感和深厚的情感。
在中国文化中，家庭是重要的核心，"亲" 这个词凝聚了亲情、爱情和友情。
在英文中，"Familial affection" 可以用来表达类似的意思，但它无法完全传达出中国特色的家庭观念与情感。
3. "团结" (Unity)"团结" 是中国特色词汇中的一个重要概念。
它强调人们在面对困难和挑战时的团结一致。
在中国文化中，团结是一种重要的价值观，它促使人们相互支持、共同努力，以达到共同目标。
在英文中，"Unity" 这个词可以表达类似的意思，但它不能完全传达出中国特色的团结精神和集体主义思想。
4. "和平" (Peace)"和平" 是中国特色词汇中的一个核心概念。
它强调人与人之间的和睦相处、国家间的和平共处。
在中国文化中，和平是一种重要的价值观，它追求的是人类社会的和平与稳定。
中国特色社会主义英语词汇（英汉对照）
中国特色词汇英语翻译A.《阿Q正传》The True Story of Ah Q安居工程Housing Project for low-income families按成本要素计算的国民经济总值GNP at factor cost按揭贷款mortgage loan按劳分配distribution according to one's performance暗恋unrequited love暗亏hidden loss奥姆真理教Japanese Aum Doomsday CultB.把握大局grasp the overall situation白马王子Prince Charming白色行情表white sheet白色农业white agriculture白雪公主Snow White摆架子put on airs拜把兄弟sworn brothers拜年pay New Year call搬迁户relocated families半拉子工程uncompleted project傍大款find a sugar daddy包干到户work contracted to households 包干制overall rationing system包工包料contract for labor and materials 保持国民经济发展的良好势头maintain a good momentum of growth in the national economy保持国有股keep the State-held shares保理业务factoring business保税区bonded area保证重点支出ensure funding for priority areas保值储蓄inflation-proof bank savings报国计划的实施implementation of Dedicator's Project本本主义bookishness《本草纲目》Compendium of Materia Medica本命年one's year of birth considered in relation to the 12 Terrestrial Branches奔小康strive for a relatively comfortable life逼上梁山be driven to drastic alternatives 比较经济学comparative economics比上不足，比下有余worse off than some, better off than many闭门羹given cold-shoulder边际报酬marginal return边缘科学boundary science变相涨价disguised inflation剥夺冠军strip the gold medal of somebody博彩（业）lottery industry补缺选举by-election不败记录clean record, spotless record不承诺放弃使用武器not undertake to renounce the use of force不打不成交No discord, no concord.不可再生资源non-renewable resources不良贷款non-performing loan不夜城sleepless city不正之风harmful practice; unhealthy tendencyC.采取高姿态show magnanimity菜篮子工程shopping basket program参政、议政participate in the management of State affairs沧海桑田Seas change into mulberry fields and mulberry fields change into seas--time brings great changes to the world. What was once the sea hasnow changed into mulberry fields--the world is changing all the time.仓储式超市stockroom-style supermarket 草根工业grass root industry (refers to village and township enterprises which takeroot among farmers and grow like wold grass)层层转包和违法分保multi-level contracting and illegal sub-contracting差额投票differentail voting差额选举competitive election茶道sado查房make/go the rounds of the wards拆东墙补西墙rob Peter to pay Paul拆迁户households or units relocated due to building demolition搀水股票water-down stocks (ordinary stocks that can be bought by persons insidea stock company or a business at a cost lower that their face value)禅dhyana产粮大省granary province产品结构product mix产权明晰、权责明确、政企分开、科学管理clearly established ownership, well defined power and responsibility, separation of enterprise from administration,and scientific management产权制度、产权关系property relations; property order产销直接挂钩directly link production with marketing产业的升级换代upgrading of industies产业结构升级upgrading of an industrial structure长二捆LM-2E长江三角洲Yangtze River delta长期共存、互相监督、肝胆相照、荣辱与共long-term coexistence, mutual supervision, sincere treatment with each other and the sharing of weal or woe长线产品product in excessive supply畅通工程"Smooth Traffic Project"唱高调mouth high-sounding words超高速巨型计算机giant ultra-high-speed computer超前消费overconsuming, excessive consumption彻头彻尾的反动政治势力an out and out reactionary political force城市规划city's landscaping plan; urban planning 城市中年雅皮士muppie （一批中年专业人士，附庸风雅，矫揉造作cutesification，崇尚竟品至上boutiqueification，攀比银行存款bankification等摆阔作风，由middle-aged urban yuppie缩合而成）城乡信用社credit corroborative in both urban and rural areas吃大锅饭egalitarian practice of "everybody eating from the same big pot" 吃皇粮receive salaries, subsidies, or other supported from the government重复建设building redundant project; duplication of similar projects抽杀成功hit through筹备委员会preparatory committee出风头show off;in the limelight出口创汇能力capacity to earn foreign exchange through exports出口加工区export processing zones出口退税制度the system of refunding taxes on exported goods; export (tax) rebate出口转内销domestic sales of commodities orginally produced for exports出家pravrajana; cloister传销multi-level marketing窗口行业various service trades创建卫生城市：build a nationally advanced clean city创业园high-tech business incubator; pioneer park吹风会(advanced) briefing春蕾计划Spring Buds Program春运(passenger) transport during the Spring Festival《春秋》Spring and Autumn Annals磁悬浮列车Maglev train (magnetically levitated train), magnetic suspension train 辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old and usher in the new; ring out the old year and ring in the new此地无银三百两 A guilty person gives himself away by consciously protesting hisinnocence.从粗放经济转变为集约经济shift from extensive economy to intensive economy 粗放式管理extensive management促进全球经济一体化foster integration with the global economy存款保证金guaranty money for deposits D."达标"活动"target hitting" activities打白条issue IOU打黑crack down on speculation and profiteering打假crack down on counterfeit goods打破僵局break the deadlock打顺手find one's touch, get into gear, settle into a groove大包干all-round responsibility system大轰动blockbuster大力扣杀hammer大路货staple goods大开眼界open one's eyes; broaden one's horizon; be an eye-opener大款tycoon大排挡sidewalk snack booth; large stall 大事化小，小事化了try first to make their mistake sound less serious and then to reduce it to nothing at all大胜white wash大腕top notch大卫教Branch Davidian大型电视系列片,长篇电视连续剧maxi-series大学生创业university students' innovative undertaking大要案major and serious criminal cases 大专生junior college student大专文凭associate degree大藏经Tripitaka带薪分流assign redundant civil servants to other jobs while allowing them to retain their original rank and benefits待岗await job assignment, post-waiting 待业job-waiting代职function in an acting capacity单循环制single round-robin system党群关系Party-masses relationship党政机关Party and government organizations捣浆糊give the runaround盗版VCD pirated VCD盗打（电话) free call on somebody else's expense through illegal means盗用公款embezzlement单刀赴会start a solo run倒票speculative reselling of tickets倒爷profiteer倒计时countdowm等外品off-grade goods, rejects邓小平外交思想Deng Xiaoping's diplomatic thoughts低调low keyed (a metaphor for taking a cautious and slow approach)第二产业secondary industry第三产业tertiary industry; service sector 第三代移动电话(3G手机) third generation mobile; 3G mobile第一发球权first inning第一发球员first server第一双打first pair地方保护主义regional protectionism地方财政包干制system whereby local authorities take full responsibility for their finances地球村global village地区差异regional disparity地热资源geothermal resources地市级城市prefecture-level city点子公司consultancy company电话号码升位upgrade telephone number 电话会议teleconference电视直销TV home shopping电子商务认证e-business certification吊球drop shot吊销执照revoke license钉子户person or household who refuses to move and bargains for unreasonablyhigh compensation when the land is requisitioned for a construction project定向培训training for specific posts豆腐渣"工程jerry-built project毒枭drug trafficker独立核算工业企业independent accounting unit(enterprise)"渡假外交" holiday-making diplomacy短期债务floating debt断交信Dear John letter (from woman to man)对...毫无顾忌make no bones about ...对冲基金hedge fund对外招商attract foreign investment队长袖标(足球）skipper's armband多党合作制multi-party co-operation in exercising State power多任务小卫星small multi-mission satellite (SMMS)夺冠take the crownE.恶性通货膨胀hyperinflation恶性循环vicious circle(把…当成)耳旁风Like water off (on) a duck’s back二板市场; 创业板市场second board (on the country's stock market)二次创业start a new undertakinge二进宫to enter the palace a second time (people with a past criminal record again commits a crime, and is convicted and put into a correctional institution)二流选手scrub, second-rater二元经济dual economyF.发案率incidence (of criminal cases)发烧友fancier; zealot; enthusiastic fan发展不平衡disparate development发展是硬道理Development is of overriding importance. / Development is the absolute need.法治国家a country under the rule of law 法制国家a state with an adequate legal system翻两番quadruple反败为胜bring about a complete turnabout, pull out of the fire反不正当竞争法Law of the People's Republic of China Against Competition by Inappropriate Means反腐倡廉combat corruption and build a clean government防抱死系统ABS (anti-lock braking system)防洪工程flood-prevention project房管real estate management访谈式竞选（候选人在电视访谈节目中亮相进行的竞选）talk-show campaign放下架子to relinguish haungty airs; to get off one's high horse; throw off one's airs放行单release permit飞毛腿（导弹）Scud missile飞行药检spot check非对称数字用户环路Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Loop (ADSL)费改税transform administrative fees into taxes分拆上市 A subsidiary company of a corporation is listed on the stock market. 分流reposition of redundant personnel分期付款installment payment分税制system of tax distribution（产品）分销subunderwriting, distribution粉领族pink-collar tribe (Women who play major role in certain professions such asoffice workers, secretaries, models, airline hostesses, etc)风险投资venture capital; risk investment 疯牛病mad cow disease; bovine spongiform enceohalopathy (BSE)锋利扣杀razor-sharp smash封闭式基金close-ended fund封杀出局force out“封圣” canonization of "Saints"福利彩票welfare lotteries福利分房welfare-oriented public housing distribution system浮动工资floating wages; fluctuating wages扶贫poverty alleviation覆盖率coverage rate复式住宅duplex apartment; compound apartment (a type of residential housing that maximizes usable space by increasing the number of the storey building)G.改制上市：An enterprise is re-organized according to modern corporate system so that it will get listed on the stock market. 感谢款待的信a bread and butter letter (a letter sent as thanks for being treated well as someone's guest)干部队伍革命化、年轻化、知识化、专业化make the ranks of cadres more revolutionary,younger in average age, better educated and professionally more competent港人治港Hong Kong people administering Hong Kong高层次、全方位的对话high-level and all-directional dialogue高产优质high yield and high quality高度自治high degree of autonomy高官会Senior Officials Meeting (SOM)高级商务师Certified Business Executive 高架公路elevated highway; overhead road高科技板块high-tech sector高难度动作stunner, stunt高清晰度high definition高新技术产业开发区high and new technology industrial development zone (公路）隔离带median 根本政治制度fundamental political system个人收入应税申报制度the system of the declaration of individual incomes for tax payment个人自扫门前雪，莫管他人瓦上霜hoe one’s own potatoes各大菜系major styles of cooking各尽所能let each person do his best; from each according to his ability"各就位" "On your marks!"跟踪审计follow-up auditing恭喜发财May you be prosperous!; Wish you all the best!功夫不负有心人Everything comes to him who waits.工程公司engineering company工商局industrial and commercial bureau 工薪阶层salariat; state employee; salaried person工业控制一体化integrated industrial control; industrial control of integration 工业园区industrial park公费医疗medical services at state expense公告板服务Bulletin Board Service (BBS) 公检法public security organs, procuratorial organs and people's courts 公积金public accumulation funds, public reserve funds公开喊价市场open outcry markets公款吃喝recreational activities using public funds公司分立与解散separation and dissolution of a company公益林public welfare forest公正、公平、公开just, fair and open公证财产notarize the properties共产党领导下的多党合作与政治协商multi-party cooperation and political consultationunder the leadership of Communist Party 狗仔队dog packs; paparazzo (singular), paparazzi(plural) (It refers to thosejournalistswho are hunting the news of celebrities.) 骨干企业key enterprise股本金equity capital挂职1) take a temporary post (in order to temper oneself)2) serve in a lower level unit for a period while retaining one's position in the previous unit关税壁垒customs barrier; tariff wall光谷optical valley光机电一体化optical, mechanical and electronic integration光盘杂志CD-ROM magazine光通讯photo-communication; optical communication广告电话直销direct response advertising 广域网wide area network (WAN)皈依三宝become a Buddhist国产化率import substitution rate; localization rate of parts and components 国防动员体制the mobilization for national defense国际惯例international common practice 国际日期变更线International Date Line (IDL)《国际先驱论坛报》International Herald Tribune国际商业机器公司International Business Machine Corporation (IBM)国家经济体制改革委员会the State Commission for Restructuring the Economic Systems国家普通话水平考试National Proficiency Test of Putonghua国家一级保护first-grade State protection 国家质量技术监督局the State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision国脚player of the national football team; footballer of the national team国库券treasury bonds国民党Kuomintang国民经济支柱产业pillar industries in national economy国债专项资金special fund for treasury bond过度开垦excess reclamation过犹不及going too far is as bad as not going far enough; beyond is as wrong as fallingshort; too much is as bad as too littleH.海市蜃楼，镜花水月, 无稽之谈 a mare’s nest海湾战争综合症the complexities of the Gulf War函授大学correspondence university旱地滑雪场mock skiing park汉字处理软件Chinese character processing software航母aircraft carrier豪赌unrestrained gambling好事不出门，恶事传千里Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news spreadfar and wide.好出风头的运动员exhibitionist, grandstander好莱坞大片Hollywood blockbuster"好球" "Strike"和服Kimono合理引导消费guide rational consumption 合议庭collegiate bench核销cancel after verification黑店gangster inn黑客hacker黑社会Mafia-style organizations; gangland宏观调控macro-control红包（中）red paper containing money as a gift, (贬) bribe, kickback《红楼梦》A Dream in Red Mansions (The Story of the Stone)红帽子企业red cap enterprise (refers tothe reputation a private enterprise enjoys by becoming attached to a government department and doing business in the name ofa state-run or collective-run enterprise)红细胞生成素Erythropoietin (EPO)环太平洋地区Pacific Rim后防空虚leave the defense exposed后台管理back-stage management呼啦圈hu la hoop胡子工程long-drawn-out project (a project which takes so long that young workers become bearded)虎父无犬子 A wise goose never lays a tame egg.互动广告interactive advertisement户口簿residence booklet户口管理制度domicile system, residence registration system户主head of a household护身法宝amulet华表ornamental column/cloud pillar/stele华盖canopy滑板车scooter"坏球" "Ball"还俗resume secular life, unfrock"黄、赌、毒" pornography, gambling and drug abuse and trafficking黄金时段prime time(吃)"皇粮" public grainfunds, goods, etc provided by the government; salary paid by the state挥棒swing挥棒不中fan灰色收入income from moonlighting汇丰银行Hong Kong and Shang Hai Banking Corporation婚介所matrimonial agency婚外恋extramarital love活到老，学到老One is never too old to learn.火炬计划Torch Program (a plan to develop new and high technology) 货币化monetization货币回笼withdrawal of currency from circulation货到付款cash on deliveryJ.机场建设费airport construction fee机构臃肿overstaffing in organizations (government)基本路线要管一百年The basic line must be followed unswervingly for a very long time to come.基本国情fundamental realities of the country基层民主democracy at the grassroots level基层组织organizations at the grass-roots level基因工程genetic engineering积压产品overstocked commodities (inventories)绩优股blue chip激烈竞争cut-throat competition吉尼斯世界记录Guinness (Book of Records)吉祥物mascot缉毒队narcotics squad缉私力量the forces engaged in the fight against smuggling集体婚礼collective wedding ceremony集中精力把经济建设搞上去go all out for economic development计划单列市city specifically designated in the state plan计划生育责任制responsibility system of family planning计算机中央处理器central processing unit(CPU)记者席press box"既成事实" fait accompli (noun)技术产权交易所technology equity market; technology property right exchange技术密集产品technology-intensiveproduct技术下乡spread technological knowledge to farmers嘉宾distinguished guest, honored guest 加班work extra shifts加密encrypt加权平均值weighted average加强舆论监督ensure that the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion家庭联产承包责任制the household contract responsibility system家族企业family firm假唱lip-synch假动作deception, feint甲骨文inscriptions on oracle bones假日经济holiday economy坚持统一，反对分裂，增加了解，化解歧见persist in reunification, oppose separation,increase understanding and iron out differences监督部门watchdog尖端产品highly sophisticated products剪彩cut the ribbon剪刀差the scissors gap between the prices of ... and ...减负alleviate burdens on sb.减速玻璃(汽车）decelerating glass减员增效downsizing for efficiency; cut payroll to improve efficiency江南水乡the south of the lower reaches of the Yangze River讲诚信，反欺诈：honor credibility and oppose cheating降落伞候选人，外来候选人（应召而来参加本人非所在地区竞选的政党候选人）parachute candidate脚踩两只船sit on the fence脚踏实地be down-to-earth侥幸球fluke教学法pedagogy; teaching method教育部社政司Social Science Research and Ideological Work Department of the Ministry of Education接口interface街道企业neighborhood enterprise街心花园park at an intersection; garden in the city center节奏布鲁斯音乐（RMB音乐）rhythm blues解放生产力emancipate the productive forces解放思想、实事求是的思想路线ideological line of emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts解困基金anti-poverty funds结售汇制度the system of exchange, settlement and sales戒毒所drug rehabilitation center戒急用忍overcome impetuosity and exercise patience金本位gold standard金边债券gilt-edged bonds金刚经Vajracchedika-sutra金降落伞golden parachute金融电子化computerize financial services金税工程Golden Tax Project金无足赤, 人无完人Gold can't be pure and man can't be perfect.紧箍咒inhibiting magic phrase紧密型企业集团tightly-knit groups of enterprises紧追cling to, shadow, thunder on one's trail近海渔业offshore fishery近水楼台先得月First come, first served;A water-front pavilion gets the moonlight first--the advantage of being in a favored position.进出口商会chamber of import and export trade进口渗透import penetration进修班class for further studies禁渔期closed fishing seasons禁止在任何地方、任何环境进行一切方式的释放核能的核武器试验保爆炸prohibit anynuclear weapon test explosion which releases nuclear energy at any place and in any environment经常项目顺差favorable balance of current account, surplus of current account经常性贷款commercial lending经常性支出running expenses经济林cash tree经济全球化economic globalization; economic integration经济失调指数misery index经济头脑commercially minded people; people with business sense经营管理高度科学化的现代化大企业modern big enterprise with highly scientific management system精简机构streamline government organs 精品competitive products京剧票友Peking Opera fan京剧人物脸谱types of facial make-up in Beijing opera景泰蓝cloisonné敬业精神professional dedication; professional ethics劲射power shot九五攻关State Key Task 95居委会neighborhood committee; residents' committee局域网local area network (LAN)举报电话informants' hot-line telephone 拒载refuse to take passengers君子之交淡如水the friendship between gentlemen is as pure as crystal;a hedge between keeps friendship green竣工式completion ceremonyK.卡丁车kart开发一代，储存一带，预研一代(产品）to develop this generation of productswhile researching on the next generation of products开放式基金open-ended fund开工不足enterprises running under their production capacity开工典礼commencement ceremony开后门under-the-counter deals; offer advantages to one's friends or relatives by underhand means开题报告opening speech; opening report 开小灶give special favor开夜车burn the midnight oil; work over night看守政府, 看守内阁，过渡政府caretaker cabinet坎儿井karez抗美援朝战争War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea抗震棚quake-proof shelter考研take part in the entrance exams for postgraduate schools考研热the craze for graduate school科技成果转化为生产力transfer of scientific and technological achievements 科技含量technology content科技是第一生产力Science and technology constitute a primary productive force.科教兴国rely on science and education to rejuvenate the nation科研攻关scientific research and tackle the key research project可持续发展sustainable development刻录机CD writer; disc-carving machine 空头支票accommodation note, lip service 空中小姐air hostess; air stewardess控股公司holding company扣帽子put a label on跨世纪工程a trans-century project跨越式发展great-leap-forward development快讯news flash; flash宽带接入broadband access宽带网broadband networks宽限期grace period亏损企业enterprises running in the red/under deficit困难职工the needyL.垃圾债券junk bond拉动经济增长fuel economic growth拉拉队cheering squad拉拉队长cheer-leader, rooter king拉关系try to curry favor with来电显示电话机caller ID telephone来料加工process materials supplied by clients; accept customers' materials for processing劳动合同制labor contract system老生常谈，陈词滥调cut and dried老字号an old and famous shop or enterprise"篱笆墙" barriers/ blockage to inter-regional trading礼尚往来Courtesy calls for reciprocity.理货公司tally company礼仪小姐ritual girl利改税substitution of tax payment for profit delivery利好因素wrinkle利基niche立体农业three-dimensional agriculture 廉政建设construction of a clean and honest administration廉政、勤政、务实、高效政府an honest, diligent, pragmatic and efficient government廉洁奉公，以正治国(of an official) clean and devoted, and govern the state with his own example of uprightness联产承包责任制system of contracted responsibility linking remuneration to output;contract system with remuneration linked to output联合国会费the UN membership dues (fee) 联合兼并conglomeration and merger of enterprises联合联络小组joint liaison group联合投标syndicated tender联想集团Legend Group连带责任joint liability练摊to be a vendor良性循环virtuous circle粮食收购部门(government's) grain procurement (purchasing) agencies粮油关系：grain and oil rationing registration两岸直航促进会Association for Promotion of Cross-Straits Direct Transportation两弹一艇A-bomb, H-bomb and nuclear-powered submarine"两个对等的政治实体" "two equal political entities两个文明一起抓place equal emphasis on material and ethical progress两手抓两手都要硬We must address ourselves to the problem of both material and spiritualcivilization(both material as well as culture and ideological progress) without any letup."两思"（致富思源，富而思进）to think of the source of getting rich and of making progressafter becoming affluence老少边穷地区former revolutionary base areas, areas inhabited by minority nationalities,remote and border areas and poverty-stricken areas《聊斋志异》Strange Tales of a Lonely Studio猎头公司head-hunting company劣等品shoddy goods; substandard goods; lemon (口语)临时主教练caretaker coach零配件spare and accessory parts领头羊bellwether留职停薪retain the job but suspend the salary留学咨询：consulting on the study abroad 流动人口transient population流动图书馆travelling library; bookmobile (行业中的)龙头老大leading enterprise; flagship of the industry乱集资、乱摊派、乱收费unwarranted pooling of funds, arbitrary requisition of donationsand exaction of fees from enterprises乱收费、乱摊派、乱罚款arbitrary charges, fund-raising quotas and fines《论语》Analects of Confucius论文答辩(thesis) oral defense裸机：bare mobile phone旅行结婚have a honeymoon trip绿地覆盖率forest coverage rate绿化afforestation绿色急救通道emergency green path绿色食品green foodM.马拉松式竞选活动campaignathon马路菜场入室工程the project to build indoor free market to accommodate street vegetable vendors马太效应the Matthew effect (A phenomenon in specific circles whereby one's accomplishmentsand reputation tend to snowball, and those with meager accomplishments have greater difficultyachieving accomplishments. )满意度degree of satisfaction盲流和倒流人员transient from the countryside帽子戏法hat trick冒充包装（销售）[指将劣质商品包装成外观像名优产品出售的做法] copycat packaging买一送一two-for-one offer, buy one get one free美声唱法bel canto 美食节gourmet festival每逢佳节倍思亲On festive occasions more than ever one thinks of one's dear ones far away./ It is on the festival occasions when one misses his dear most.门前三包be responsible for general sanitation, green covering and keeping good social orderin a designated area outside the unit building蒙古包(Mongolian) yurt蒙古大夫quack朦胧诗misty poetry民办教师citizen-managed teachers (teachers in rural citizen-managed or state-managed schoolswho do not receive the normal remuneration from the government)民工潮farmers' frenzied hunt for work in cities民进党Democratic Progressive Party民主党派、工商联与无党派人士non-Communist parties, federations of industry and commerce,personages without party affiliation民族凝聚力national cohesion民族委员会ethnic affairs commission民族文化大省a province with rich ethnic culture明明白白消费（2000年保护消费者权益工作主题）transparent consumption磨洋工dawdle along模拟测试mock test; simulated exam莫失良机make hay while the sun shines 目标管理management by objectivesN.NASDAQ National Association of Securities Deal Automated Quotations纳米nanometer难得糊涂Where ignorance is bliss, it's folly to be wise.南水北调South-to-North water diversion 南水北调工程divert water from the south to the north project男权主义思想male chauvinism囊括complete a sweep耐用消费品durable consumer items (goods)闹情绪be disgruntled; be in a fit of pique 内环路inner ring road内联企业enterprises with internal connections能官能民be ready to both serve as an offical and be one of the common people 能进能出，能上能下competent to work both at the top and at the grass roots能进能出，能上能下,方谓好汉He who knows how to fight and how to retreat deserves to becalled a brave man.能上网的手机WAP phone内耗in-fighting泥菩萨like a clay Buddha fording the river-hardly able to save oneself; each one is looking outfor his own survival年同比year-on-year; on an annual basis 年夜饭family reunion dinner扭转局面reverse the tide, turn the table 农村剩余劳动力surplus rural labour (labourers)诺亚方舟Noah’s ArkO.P.派出所local police station跑龙套utility man, play a bit role, general handyman泡沫经济bubble economy配股allotment of shares配套政策supporting policies棚户shacks; family that live in shacks碰钉子get snubbed 碰头会brief meeting ( A brief, small-scale, informal meeting with no fixed agenda, the main purpose of which is to exchange information.)疲软股票soft stock皮包公司bogus company啤酒肚beer belly票贩子scalper, ticket tout票房box office骗汇、逃汇、套汇obtain foreign currency and false pretenses, not turn overforeign currency owed to the government and illegal arbitrage拼图jigsaw贫富悬殊polarization of rich and poor贫铀弹depleted uranium bomb平均主义equalitarianism平面设计师graphic designer评头论足nit-pick瓶颈制约“bottleneck”restrictions扑网(体）rush-up, rushing普选制general election systemQ.期房forward delivery housing骑警horseback police企业孵化器enterprise incubator企业文化corporate culture起跑器block洽谈会fair, meeting千代田寿险公司（日本）Chiyoda Mutual Life Insurance Co.千禧婴儿millennium infant; millennium baby强化班intensive training class抢跑false start, beat the gun敲竹杠make somebody pay through the nose; put the lug on; rob by a trick切入点point of penetration; breakthrough point亲民党People First Party勤工俭学part-work and part-study system; work-study program轻轨火车light rail train情感消费emotional consumption情有独钟show special preference (favor) to …区位商业location-based commerce屈体jackknife, pike圈外人士people out of the loop全方位外交multi-faceted diplomacy全国卫生城市National Hygienic City全景电影cinepanoramic全民健身计划纲要outline of the nationwide body-building plan全能冠军all-around winner全球定位系统global positioning system (GPS)全球通global system for mobile communications全天候飞机all-weatehr aircraft全优工程all-round excellent project拳头产品competitive products; knock-out products; blockbuster裙带风nepotism; petticoat influence裙带关系networking through petticoat influence群言堂allow everybody to air his view; let everyone have his say; speak one's mind freely权贵资本主义(又译裙带资本主义或亲朋好友资本主义) crony capitalismR.燃油附加税bunker surcharge染指reap undeserved profit from; encroach upon绕圈子beat around the bush热岛效应tropical island effect人才流失brain drain人浮于事overstaffing人工智能artificial intelligence(AI)人海战术huge-crowd strategy人机交互human-computer interaction人际交往human communication人口负增长negative population growth (NPG)人均住房per-capita housing人类免疫缺陷病毒Human Immunodeficiency Virus(HIV)人情债debt of gratitude任意球free kick日本协力银行Japan Bank For International Cooperation (JBIC)融资渠道financing channels入水时水花很少clean entry软新闻soft newsS.360度环幕电影Circamara三八红旗手woman pace-setter三八线38th Parallel三步走战略the three-step development strategy三大作风the Party's three important styles of work (integrating theory with practice, forgingclose links with the masses and practicing self-criticism)"三个代表" "three represents" theory (The Party should always represent the developmentneeds of China's advanced social productive forces, always represent the onward directionof China's advanced culture, and always represent the fundamental interests of the largestmember of the Chinese people.)三个有利于"three favorables" (whether it promotes the growth of the productive forces ina socialist society, increases the overall strenth of the socialist state and raises the people'sliving standards《三国演义》The Romance of the Three Kingdoms三好学生merit student; three good。
生态翻译视角的中国特色词汇英译
生态翻译视角的中国特色词汇英译在中文中，有许多词汇是描述中国特色生态文化的，这些词汇包含了中国特有的生态环境、生态理念和生态文明的内涵。
以下是一些常用的中国特色词汇的英文翻译：1. 生态文明 (ecological civilization)生态文明是中国特有的理念，意味着人与自然和谐共处、保护生态环境、实现可持续发展。
它强调均衡、协调和可持续发展的原则。
2. 绿色发展 (green development)绿色发展指的是以环境保护为导向的可持续发展。
它强调经济发展要与资源保护和环境保护相协调。
3. 生态保护 (ecological conservation)生态保护是指对自然生态系统的保护和修复，包括保护物种多样性、保护自然资源和保护生态平衡。
4. 生态系统 (ecosystem)生态系统是指由生物群落和自然环境相互作用形成的动态平衡系统。
它包括陆地生态系统和水生生态系统。
5. 生物多样性 (biodiversity)生物多样性是指生物物种的多样性和生物群落的多样性。
中国是世界上物种多样性最丰富的国家之一。
6. 碳排放 (carbon emissions)碳排放是指工业生产和人类活动所产生的二氧化碳排放量。
减少碳排放是保护环境的重要措施。
7. 水土保持 (soil and water conservation)水土保持是指保护水源地和土地资源，防止水土流失和土壤退化。
8. 绿色能源 (green energy)绿色能源是指可再生能源，如太阳能、风能、水能等。
中国正在积极发展绿色能源产业。
9. 循环经济 (circular economy)循环经济是一种以资源循环利用为基础的经济模式，减少资源的消耗和浪费。
10. 环保产业 (environmental protection industry)环保产业是指以处理污染、保护环境为目标的产业，包括废物处理、清洁能源等领域。
这些词汇体现了中国人民对生态环境的关注和保护，体现了中国独特的生态文化和生态文明建设的理念。
英汉互译 汉语词汇的英译
并列关系 安定团结 stability and unity 典雅大方 elegant and graceful 送旧迎新 to set off the old and welcome the new 改革开放 reform and opening up 丰衣足食 well-fed and well clothed
2. 根据具体搭配
进行 进行一场激烈的争论 to carry on a spirited debate 进行实地调查 to make an on-the-spot investigation
进行亲切的谈话
to have a cordial conversation 进行核试验
单
名单 List 菜单 Menu 帐单 Bill 保险单 Policy 订阅单 Subscription form 床单 Bed sheet 传单 Leaflet
表
履历表 Resume
病历表 Case history form 时间表 Time table 日程表 Schedule
汉英翻译
系列专题: 词
短语
句子 长句 语段
课程网站：分享资源 Hust
2009
Discussion
1．馆：
博物馆、图书馆、旅馆、宾馆、大使馆、领事馆 、茶馆、饭馆、理发馆、体育馆、展览馆、文化
馆、美术馆、科技馆、天文馆、照相馆…… 1．museum，library，hotel，guest house， embassy，consulate，tea house，restaurant， barber’s shop，gymnasium，exhibition hall， cultural center，art gallery，science and technology center，planetarium，photo studio． ．．
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宣纸rice paper衙门yamen叩头kowtow孔子Confucius牌楼pailou；pai-loo武术wushu（Chinese Martial Arts）功夫kungfu ；kung fu中庸the way of medium （cf. Golden Means）中和harmony (zhonghe)孝顺to show filial obedience孝子dutiful son家长family head三纲：君为臣纲，父为子纲，夫为妻纲three cardinal guides: ruler guides subject, father guides son, husband guides wife五常：仁、义、理、智、信five constant virtues: benevolence (humanity), righteousness, propriety, wisdom and fidelity八股文eight-legged essays多子多福：The more sons/children, the more blessing/ great happiness养儿防老：raising sons to support one in one's old ageThe 24 Solar Terms:立春Spring begins.雨水The rains.惊蛰Insects awaken.春分Vernal Equinox清明Clear and bright.谷雨Grain rain.立夏Summer begins.小满Grain buds.芒种Grain in ear.夏至Summer solstice.小暑Slight heat.大暑Great heat.立秋Autumn begins.处暑Stopping the heat.白露White dews.秋分Autumn Equinox.寒露Cold dews.霜降Hoar-frost falls.立冬Winter begins.小雪Light snow.大雪Heavy snow.冬至Winter Solstice.小寒Slight cold.大寒Great cold戏剧表演Theatrical Performances京剧人物脸谱types of facial makeup in Beijing opera 生male characters末middle-aged male characters净“painted face” characters旦female characters丑clown京剧票友amateur performer of Peking Opera木偶戏puppet show独角戏monodrama; one-man play皮影戏shadow play; leather-silhouette show折子戏opera highlights戏剧小品skit哑剧dumb show; mime; mummery; pantomime单口相声monologue comic talk双口相声witty dialogue口技vocal imitations; ventriloquisim说书monologue story-telling杂技acrobatic performance叠罗汉making a human pyramid特技stunt踩高跷stilt walk马戏circus performances神化人物Mythological Figures八仙the Eight Immortals嫦娥Chang’e (the Chinese moon godd ess)伏羲Fu Xi (God of Fishery and Husbandry)福禄寿三星the three gods of fortune, prosperity and longevity共工God of Water后羿Houyi (a legendary hero who shot down nine suns)黄帝Yellow Emperor夸父Kuafu (a fabled sun-chasing giant)女娲Goddess of Sky-patching盘古Pan Gu (creator of the universe)神农Patron of Agriculture禹Yu (the reputed founder of the Xia Dynasty)祝融God of Fire古代建筑Ancient Architecture塔pagoda琉璃塔glazed stupa舍利塔dagoba; sarira stupa (a pagoda for Buddhist relics)舍利子sarira remains from cremation of Buddha’s or saints’ body 喇嘛塔Lamaist pagoda楼storied buildings钟楼bell tower鼓楼drum tower阁pavilion烽火台beacon tower华表ornamental column牌坊memorial archway艺术及工艺Arts and Crafts版画engraving贝雕画shell carving picture彩塑painted sculpture瓷器porcelain; china刺绣embroidery雕刻carving宫灯palace lantern国画Chinese painting剪纸paper-cut景德镇瓷Jingdezhen porcelain景泰蓝cloisonné enamel蜡染batik麦秸画straw patchwork木/石/竹刻wood/stone/bamboo carving木刻画wood engraving泥人儿clay figure皮影shadow puppet漆画lacquer painting漆器lacquerware双面绣two-sided embroidery水墨画Chinese brush drawing; ink and wash painting檀香扇sandalwood fan唐三彩Tang tri-coloured pottery陶器pottery; earthenware图章seal拓碑making rubbings from inscriptions, pictures, etc. on stone tablets 拓片rubbing微雕miniature engraving象牙雕刻ivory carving宜兴陶Yixing pottery篆刻sealcutting中国特色词汇及其英译作者：未知文章来源：转载点击数：1300 时间：2010-12-29 18:33:50一、前言英语从它传入中国的第一天开始就发挥着强大的交流作用，同时也开始了在中国发展的过程。
而当中国改革开放，政治，经济，科学技术，社会生活等诸方面发生急剧变化的时候，一批又一批新词新语也应运而生，其数量的成长速度之快令人应接不暇。
于是在国际英语交流过程中，表现了中华文化中最有个性的内容的，具有浓郁的中国特色的词汇，在西方语言中是没有现成可以对应的词语，这就产生了对应空缺的现象，成为跨文化交际的重要障碍。
此时，研究应如何解决这个障碍，为中国文化更好的传播铺平道路显得尤为重要。
本文将对上述的一些问题进行阐述。
二、中国词汇的特点世界上的文字体系大致可以归属三类：表形文字（图画文字），表音文字（音意结合文字），表意文字（拼音文字）[1](25) 。
汉字，属于表意文字，它与世界大多数民族使用的拼音文字是有显著的差别。
它的字形结构与表意作用有着紧密的关系。
汉字的这一特点当然是由汉语的本身特点所决定的。
古代汉语中单音节词占优势，同音词多，又缺乏形态变化，加上方言分歧严重，而表意性质的汉字正可适应这些特点而满足交际的需要。
于是这种文字本身就成为中国文化的一大特色[2](362)。
那么汉语的词又是怎样造出来的呢？“汉语的字和词是分开的。
汉语的字是有限的，虽然人们还在造新字，但是这是极为有限的。
而汉语新词构造却是无限的。
”“汉字的词形较为固定，不像英语那样可以变化多端。
现代汉语与英语相似，采用合成法来扩充词汇，汉语的字、词拼组新词的时能力及强。
”相比之下“英语的字与词是不分的，或者说没有字，只有词。
英语虽然有自由词根（free-bound），但数量有限”就是因为汉字多体现其（形）意，所以“汉语词义比较窄，较为精确、固定、比较严谨，因而词义的伸缩性和上下文的依赖性就比较小，独立性就较大。
”[1](26)就因为中国词汇具有以上的特点，在双语转换的过程中就会出现词汇空缺的现象，而这些特点的形成与其所在的文化背景是分不开的。
三、中国特色词汇翻译的难点及成因即文化差异所造成的词汇空缺语言是在历史长河的发展中形成的，语言是文化的载体，文化是语言的土壤。
文化的真正意义对于本文化群体来说那是再熟悉不过的东西了，但是对于不同文化的群体，则是非常陌生的。
不同的文化造就了不同的语言群体，于是，当不同语言群体在相互交流的过程中就产生了词汇空缺，即无法在非本族语言的范围内寻找到能够表达其意思的相对应的词汇，而这些文化的差异主要表现在信仰，艺术，道德，法律，风俗以及其余社会上习得的能力与习惯上（一）、传统积淀历史文化因素造成词汇空缺现象中国是具有悠久历史的东方文明古国，其传统的文化思想自然反应到语言上。
传统的固然在人们的脑中是根深蒂固的，就像这个“龙”字，在华夏文化中，“龙”字是传说中的神异动物之一，与凤凰、麒麟、龟合称“四灵”。
除这个字义外，它还被视为中华民族的象征，形成一种中华文化图腾，现在称炎黄子孙为“龙的传人”，可见其影响之大。
后世的很多皇帝就“龙”这个事物作为权威的象征，如坐龙椅，褂龙袍，睡龙床等等。
然而在西方国家，“龙”（dragon）是凶险的，“因为在英语的历史上从贝尔沃夫时代起，龙就是凶险邪恶的象征，是吐火伤人的怪物。
”[1](277)这是传统积淀造成的人们对同一事物的不同理解，其进一步的发展就造成了词汇空缺。
再如“中秋节”Mid-Autumn Day;“泼水节”Water-Splashing Day等，这些都是中国传统佳节，是中国优良文化的积淀，悠久历史传承至今的瑰宝，这些传统文化佳节现在已经不仅仅是被中国人所专有，它们也在一些喜欢中国文化的外国人中流行起来。
而欧美信仰的是基督教，所以有不少词汇包括他们的节日都与《圣经》和基督教有关，如a covenant of salt(不可背弃的盟约)，as poor as a church mouse(家徒四壁)；较之，汉族文化的重要组成部分与佛教和道教是分不开的，如：苦海无边，回头是岸，佛法无边。