任务型阅读和首字母填空解题技巧和对应习题

合集下载
  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。

任务型阅读专项练习解题技巧
同学们,任务型阅读要求你们在阅读理解的基础上,去完成一项任务或解决一个问题,主要考查你们根据所提供的语言信息解决实际问题的能力,即考查你们的阅读理解、归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合运用能力。

具体做法就是在试题中,你们要根据阅读文章提供的信息用恰当的词语完成与短文相关的图表,每空只填一个单词。

纵观这几年英语中考任务型阅读的试题,我给你们总结了以下3种解题技巧:
一、信息查找,直取答案
信息查找是针对任务型阅读中的基本类型,一般可以直接通过表格和短文进行对照,边读文章边找出与试题相关的句子信息,获取到相关单词,有时试题和原文句型句式不同,需进行简单的逻辑推理然后找到相应单词,不需变化,直接填入。

在中考英语的任务型阅读题中,用信息查找的方法得出答案的题目有6—7道。

信息查找这种方法解题技巧的关键就是根据问题句子查找定位信息,常用方法是带着问题有意识地在关键处做标记。

二、信息转换,提炼新词
信息转换类型,需要学生有基本的构词法知识,明确句子中成分和词性的对应关系。

学生可以仔细分析提示句(空格所在句子),判断所填词的词性、词形,提高填词的准确性。

有时甚至可以不看文章,直接根据短语搭配填出答案。

信息转换类型的解题关键是根据问题查找定位信息,加工分析并转换成另一种表达方式。

在中考英语的任务型阅读中,信息的转换一般有几种情况:词性、词形、句式、释义。

其中,词形转换较为困难,主要包含以下几个方面:(1)近义词和反义词转换;(2)名词单数和复数转换;(3)动词的形式(大小写、时态等)转换;(4)形容词、副词的比较级和最高级转换;(5)基数词和序数词的转换。

三、信息概括,推理总结
任务型阅读还会考查你们对文章的主题、中心思想、结构层次等方面信息概括的能力,比如归纳短文要点、概括中心思想,分析段落大意、重要情节和人物特征特点等。

这一类型的题目在整个任务型阅读中属于难度较大的题目。

在做这一类型的题目时需注意:(1)把握文章的内在逻辑关系,以文章提供的事实和观点为依据,立足原文,推断未知。

不能主观臆造,随意揣测,更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。

(2)在理解全文的基础上,吃透文章的字面意思,从字里行间捕捉一些线索,对文章的表面意思进行挖掘加工,悟出作者的深层含义或弦外之音。

这个技巧的解题关键:根据问题查找定位信息,找共性的东西。

笔者研究了近几年的中考英语任务型阅读,发现归纳词主要以概括为主。

常见的概括性的词有:话题topic,subject / title;原因reason (s),cause(s);结果result,effect;目的aim,purpose;方法way(s),solution(s);观点idea(s)/ opinion (s)/thoughts;优劣advantages,disadvantages;结论conclusion;建议advice,suggestion(s)。

首字母填空专项练习解题技巧
阜宁县大刘初级中学周丽娟
同学们,首字母填空常用的解题技巧如下:
1. 通读短文知大意,看整体全面了解
与阅读理解题和其它类型的完形填空一样,首先要通读短文,了解文章的大意。

每篇短文段落之间必然承上启下、前呼后应。

因此通读全文时要一气呵成,只要能了解短文的大意即可,细节不理解可以跳过。

因此,在解题之前通读一遍短文,目的是对文章有个全面的了解,弄清其中心思想和大意。

2. 复读短文抓信息,前后照应巧猜词
在了解文章大意的前提之下再次通读短文,目的是对短文有更进一步的了解。

在阅读时要特别注意一篇文章的开头(一般不设空)和结尾,它们能提供主要的信息,帮助了解全文所描述的事件或文章的中心思想。

在阅读过程中,要注意上、下文的关系,这对于把握文章的整体意义大有用处。

另外,要学会跳读,即对不理解的地方采用暂时回避的方式,待真正理解全文之后再找解决的方法。

有些短文填空题,有时出现约3%~5% 的生词是很正常的,这就要求学生根据构词知识或上、下文的意思加以猜测,来确定它的词义。

3. 反复推敲多分析,慎重答题讲合理
再次通读短文,对留空的句子进行全面的分析,看它在全文中所处的位置、作用和意义。

这一遍阅读要求是精心阅读,要留心找出关键词、短语或句子,还要结合所给首字母的提示,进行填写,并注意单词的正确形式。

4. 认真复查全文,把握整体和词形
做完以后,再认真读一遍,检查所填写的单词是否与文章要求相符,文章是否通顺,前后是否呼应,有无句型结构及语法错误。

从实际中看,很多学生能够充分利用词首字母和短文内容填写单词,但是,问题往往出现在单词的形式变化上。

比如填 q ,要求填写 quickly ,而多数考生只知道填写 quick ,忽略了词性问题。

因此,深思熟虑很重要。

题序题型体裁题目评价
1 任务型阅读说明文痛苦/10
Is there someone you hate? Well, you don’t really hate
them. But you get really angry every time you think of them. If
you don’t let this anger go, it can turn into bitterness(痛苦).
Bitterness appears when we can’t forgive someone who
has hurt us or made us angry. Someone might say or do
something that hurts us. But instead of controlling the anger,
we keep it deep inside. Before long, a bitter feeling begins to
grow. We may think we’re hurting that person by criticizing(批
评) him or her often, but we’re really only hurting ourselves.
Bitterness can not only lead to terrible health problems such as heart disease, but also hurt our friendships with our friends and family members. No one enjoys being around an angry person for very long.
If you see bitterness in your life, the following ways can be helpful.
Accept it
Instead of trying to deny your anger, make it clear to yourself and accept it. See your anger for what it is and quickly deal with it.
Stop making excuses for it
You may feel you have a right to be angry. You may think you’re right and the other person is wrong. You may even secretly enjoy making the other person look bad. But in the end, bitterness hurts you much more than the other person. The bitterness will hold you back, and the other person will go on with his or her life.
Forgive and forget it
You probably can’t completely put the anger out of your mind. But you can decide to forgive the other person. Forget it and move on. You’ll enjoy better health and peace of your mind.
Title: Face the bitterness
Appearance of bitterness ◆We don't __1 someone who has hurt us or made
us angry.
◆We always remember something that hurts us
instead
of 2 it out of our mind.
◆We keep the anger deep inside 3 we don’t
want to hurt others.
4 of bitterness ◆Bitterness can
5 lead to terrible health
problems and bad relationships with our friends and
family members.
◆No one likes 6 an angry person around
him or her for very long.
_____7_to solve bitterness ◆8 the bitterness instead of refusing it.
◆9 making excuses for it.
◆Forgive them but not to 10 them.
1.________
2.________
3. ________
4. ________
5. ________
6. ________
7. ________
8. ________
9. ________ 10. ________
1.forgive解析:直接获得信息,第二段第一行
2. letting / putting解析:信息转换,通过第一段最后一句的“let this anger go”
3. because/ since/ as解析:理解第二段可得到
4. Effect(s)/ Result(s) / influence(s) 解析:第三段的主题
5. both解析:来源于第三段的not only …but also
6. having / keeping 解析:来源于第三段的最后一句
7. Ways 解析:文章最后三段的主题
8. Accept 解析:直接获得信息
9. Stop解析:直接获得信息10. hate / remember 解析:直接获得信息,文章第一段
题序题型体裁题目评价
2 首字母填空记叙文环境污染/10 Hundreds of years ago , life was much harder than it is today . People didn’t have m___1___ machines. However , people lived in a clean world .
Life today has brought many p___2___ . One of the biggest is pollution . Water pollution has made our rivers and l___3___ dirty . It kills our fish and pollutes our d___4___ water . Noise pollution makes us talk louder and become angry more easily . Air pollution is the most s____5____ kind of pollution . It’s bad for all the living things in the world .
Cars , planes and factories all pollute our air every day . Sometimes the polluted air is so t___6___ that it is like a quilt(被子) over a city . This kind of quilt is called smog. Many countries are making rules to prevent pollution . Factories mustn’t p___7___ the waste water into the river or discharge dirty smoke into the air .
We need to do many other things . We should put waste things into the dustbin and not throw them on the ground . We can go to w____8__ by bus or with our friends in the same car . If there are f___9___ people driving ,there will be less pollution .
Making rules is not enough . Every p___10___ must help to fight pollution by following the rules.
1.________
2.________
3. ________
4. ________
5. ________
6. ________
7. ________
8. ________
9. ________ 10. ________
文章大意:本文讲述了我们生活中各种污染的根源和危害,号召人们采取行动保护人类赖以生存的环境。

1. modern 解析:这里指的是过去的人们没有现代化的机器
2. problems 解析:这里指的是现在的生活带来了许多问题
3. lakes 解析:对应前面的河流
4. drinking 解析:这里指的是我们的饮用水
5. serious 解析:这里指的是空气污染最严重
6. thick 解析:这里指的是被污染的空气很浓
7. pour 解析:这里指的是工厂禁止倾倒污水
8. work 解析:这里指的是“上班”
9. fewer 解析:与后面的更少的污染对应10. person 解析:这里指的是人人参与
题序题型体裁题目评价
3 首字母填空记叙文课外活动/10
If you think of after-school activities as a waste of time, you are wrong! After-school activities help us grow up in many w__1___. Above all, they offer us chances to pract ise what we learn in
c___2___. Through various activities, we can also learn more about today's society a nd a lot of n ___3___ things that we can't learn from our hooks. What's more, they he lp to develop our abilities that we need both for our studies now and for our work and life in the f__4___
We are busy with our studies in school, so after school we all need to r__5___ o urselves. After-school activities just make it possible for us to breathe f__6___ air an d remove tiredness. Then, we can pay a__7___ to our studies and achieve good results .
Some after-school activities will make us useful and helpful to o___8__ ; some c an keep us strong and h___9__; some may even change our life. So, all the students, g
et out and take an a__10___ part in various after-school activities!
1.________
2.________
3. ________
4. ________
5. ________
6. ________
7. ________
8. ________
9. ________ 10. ________
文章大意:课外活动是浪费时间吗?本文从科学的角度探讨了课外活动对学习和身体的影响。

作者提倡学生要经常参加课外的活动。

1.ways 解析:这里指的是课外活动在许多方面帮助“我们”。

2.class 解析:指的是在课堂上所学的东西。

3.new 解析:这里指的是书本上学不到的新东西。

4.future 解析:这里指未来的工作和生活。

5.relax 解析:这里指课外活动放松自己。

6.fresh 解析:这里指的是在外面呼吸新鲜的空气。

7.attention 解析:这里是短语pay attention to,意为“注意”。

8.others 解析:这里指的是对他人有用,有帮助。

9.healthy 解析:这里指的是使自己强壮和健康。

10.active 解析:这里指的是积极参加各种课外活动。

相关文档
最新文档