2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及详细答案(第一套)
2018年6月英语六级听力真题及原文答案
2018年6月英语六级听力真题及原文答案2018年6月英语六级听力真题及原文答案（第一套全）Section AConversation 1：M： we have a special guest from the local establishment the Prage Cafe。
Welcome。
W：Hi，thanks for have a meal on your show。
M：Thank you for joining us。
So please tell us why do decide to open a cafe。
W：Well，we saw the opportunity to offer something a little special and different from other establishments。
Cafe certainly is a very competitive market sector。
are more than plenty in our city，and we thought they are all rather similar to each other。
Wouldn’t you agree？M：Certainly yes。
So how is your establishment any different？W：Well, since people we have rabbits wandering freely on the place；our customers come in and enjoy their food and drinks，while a little rabbit playing on their legs。
There is no other place like it。
M：That’s amazing。
How do you come up with the idea？W：So we thought why not rabbit？People love the rabbits，they are very cute animals。
2018年六月大学英语六级考试真题(第一套)(含答案)
2018年大学5月英语六级真题（第一套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30minutes to write an essay on the importance of building trust between employers and employees. You can cite examples to illustrate your views. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________ ____ Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) It is a typical salad.B) It is a Spanish soup.C) It is a weird vegetable.D) It is a kind of spicy food.2. A) To make it thicker.B) To make it more nutritious.C) To add to its appeal.D) To replace an ingredient.3. A) It contains very little fat.B) It uses olive oil in cooking.C) It uses no artificial additives.D) It is mainly made of vegetables.4. A) It does not go stale for two years.B) It takes no special skill to prepare.C) It comes from a special kind of pig.D) It is a delicacy blended with bread.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) They come in a great variety.B) They do not make decent gifts.C) They do not vary much in price.D) They go well with Italian food.6. A) $30- $40.B) $40- $50.C) $50- $60.D) Around $ 150.7. A) They are a healthy choice for elderly people.B) They are especially popular among Italians.C) They symbolize good health and longevity.D) They go well with different kinds of food.8. A) It is a wine imported from California.B) It is less spicy than all other red wines.C) It is far more expensive than he expected.D) It is Italy's most famous type of red wine.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A) Learning others' secrets.B) Searching for information.C) Decoding secret messages.D) Spreading sensational news.10. A) They helped the U. S. army in World War Ⅱ.B) They could write down spoken codes promptly.C) They were assigned to decode enemy messages.D) They were good at breaking enemy secret codes.11. A) Important battles fought in the Pacific War.B) Decoding of secret messages in war times.C) A military code that was never broken.D) Navajo Indians' contribution to code breaking.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. A) All services will be personalized.B) A lot of knowledge-intensive jobs will be replaced.C) Technology will revolutionize all sectors of industry.D) More information will be available.13. A) In the robotics industry.B) In the information service.C) In the personal care sector.D) In high-end manufacturing.14. A) They charge high prices.B) They need lots of training.C) They cater to the needs of young people.D) They focus on customers' specific needs.15. A) The rising demand in education and health care in the next 20 years.B) The disruption caused by technology in traditionally well-paid jobs.C) The tremendous changes new technology will bring to people's lives.D) The amazing amount of personal attention people would like to have.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. A) It was the longest road in ancient Egypt.B) It was constructed some 500 years ago.C) It lay 8 miles from the monument sites.D) It linked a stone pit to some waterways.17. A) Saws used for cutting stone.B) Traces left by early explorers.C) An ancient geographical map.D) Some stone tool segments.18. A) To transport stones to block floods.B) To provide services for the stone pit.C) To link the various monument sites.D) To connect the villages along the Nile.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) Dr. Gong didn't give him any conventional tests.B) Dr. Gong marked his office with a hand-painted sign.C) Dr. Gong didn't ask him any questions about his pain.D) Dr. Gong slipped in needles where he felt no pain.20. A) He had heard of the wonders acupuncture could work.B) Dr. Gong was very famous in New York's Chinatown.C) Previous medical treatments failed to relieve his pain.D) He found the expensive medical tests unaffordable.21. A) More and more patients ask for the treatment.B) Acupuncture techniques have been perfected.C) It doesn't need the conventional medical tests.D) It does not have any negative side effects.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.22. A) They were on the verge of breaking up.B) They were compatible despite differences.C) They quarreled a lot and never resolved their arguments.D) They argued persistently about whether to have children.23. A) Neither of them has any brothers or sisters.B) Neither of them won their parents' favor.C) They weren't spoiled in their childhood.D) They didn't like to be the apple of their parents' eyes.24. A) They are usually good at making friends.B) They tend to be adventurous and creative.C) They are often content with what they have.D) They tend to be self-assured and responsible.25. A) They enjoy making friends.B) They tend to be well adjusted.C) They are least likely to take initiative.D) They usually have successful marriages.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Scientists scanning and mapping the Giza pyramids say they've discovered that the Great Pyramid of Giza is not exactly even. But really not by much. This pyramid is the oldest of the world's Seven Wonders. The pyramid's exact size has 26 experts for centuries, as the "more than 21 acres of hard, white casing stones" that originally covered it were 27 long ago.Reporting in the most recent issue of the newsletter "AERAGRAM," which 28 the work of the Ancient Egypt Research Associates, engineer Glen Dash says his team used a new measuring approach that involved finding any surviving 29 of the casing in order to determine where the original edge was. They found the east side of the pyramid to be a 30 of 5.5 inches shorter than the west side.The question that most 31 him, however, isn't how the Egyptians who designed and built the pyramid got it wrong 4,500 years ago, but how they got it so close to 32 ."We can only speculate as to how the Egyptians could have laid out these lines with such 33 using only the tools they had," Dash writes. He says his 34 is that the Egyptians laid out theirdesign on a grid, noting that the great pyramid is oriented only 35 away from the cardinal directions(its north-south axis runs 3 minutes 54 seconds west of due north, while its east-west axis runs 3 minutes 51 seconds north of due east)—an amount that's "tiny, but similar,"archeologist Atlas Obscura points out.A) chronicles B) complete C) established D) fascinates E) hypothesis F) maximum G)momentum H) mysteriously I) perfect J) precision K) puzzled L)remnants M) removed N)revelations O) slightlySection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached toit. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Peer Pressure Has a Positive SideA) Parents of teenagers often view their children's friends with something like suspicion.They worry that the adolescent peer group has the power to push its members into behavior that is foolish and even dangerous. Such wariness is well founded: statistics show,for example, that a teenage driver with a same-age passenger in the car is at higher risk of a fatal crash than an adolescent driving alone or with an adult.B) In a 2005 study, psychologist Laurence Steinberg of Temple University and his co-author, psychologist Margo Gardner, then at Temple, divided 306 people into three age groups: young adolescents, with a mean age of 14; older adolescents, with a mean age of 19; and adults, aged 24 and older. Subjects played a computerized driving game in which the player must avoid crashing into a wall that materializes, without warning, on the roadway. Steinberg and Gardner randomly assigned some participants to play alone or with two same-age peers looking on.C) Older adolescents scored about 50 percent higher on an index of risky driving when their peers were in the room—and the driving of early adolescents was fully twice as reckless when other young teens were around. In contrast, adults behaved in similar ways regardless of whether they were on their own or observed by others."The presence of peers makes adolescents and youth, but not adults, more likely to take risks," Steinberg and Gardner concluded.D) Yet in the years following the publication of this study, Steinberg began to believe that this interpretation did not capture the whole picture. As he and other researchers examined the question of why teens were more apt to take risks in the company of other teenagers,they came to suspect that a crowd's influence need not always be negative. Now some experts are proposing that we should take advantage of the teen brain's keen sensitivity to the presence of friends and leverage it to improve education.E) In a 2011 study, Steinberg and his colleagues turned to functional MRI (磁共振) to investigatehow the presence of peers affects the activity in the adolescent brain. They scanned the brains of 40 teens and adults who were playing a virtual driving game designed to test whether players would brake at a yellow light or speed on through the crossroad.F) The brains of teenagers, but not adults, showed greater activity in two regions associated with rewards when they were being observed by same-age peers than when alone. In other words, rewards are more intense for teens when they are with peers, which motivates them to pursue higher-risk experiences that might bring a big payoff (such as the thrill of just making the light before it turns red). But Steinberg suspected this tendency could also have its advantages. In his latest experiment, published online in August, Steinberg and his colleagues used a computerized version of a card game called the Iowa Gambling Task to investigate how the presence of peers affects the way young people gather and apply information.G) The results: Teens who played the Iowa Gambling Task under the eyes of fellow adolescents engaged in more exploratory behavior, learned faster from both positive and negative outcomes, and achieved better performance on the task than those who played in solitude."What our study suggests is that teenagers learn more quickly and more effectively when their peers are present than when they're on their own," Steinberg says.And this finding could have important implications for how we think about educating adolescents.H) Matthew D. Lieberman, a social cognitive neuroscientist at the University of California, Los Angeles, and author of the 2013 book Social: Why Our Brains Are Wired to Connect,suspects that the human brain is especially skillful at learning socially significant information.He points to a classic 2004 study in which psychologists at Dartmouth College and Harvard University used functional MRI to track brain activity in 17 young men as they listened to descriptions of people while concentrating on either socially relevant cues (for example,trying to form an impression of a person based on the description) or more socially neutral information (such as noting the order of details in the description). The descriptions were the same in each condition, but people could better remember these statements when given a social motivation.I) The study also found that when subjects thought about and later recalled descriptions in terms of their informational content, regions associated with factual memory, such as the medial temporal lobe, became active. But thinking about or remembering descriptions in terms of their social meaning activated the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex—part of the brain's social network—even as traditional memory regions registered low levels of activity. More recently, as he reported in a 2012 review, Lieberman has discovered that this region may be part of a distinct network involved in socially motivated learning and memory. Such findings, he says, suggest that "this network can be called on to process and store the kind of information taught in school—potentially giving students access to a range of untapped mental powers."J) If humans are generally geared to recall details about one another, this pattern is probably even more powerful among teenagers who are very attentive to social details:who is in, who is out, who likes whom, who is mad at whom. Their desire for social drama is not—or not only—a way ofdistracting themselves from their schoolwork or of driving adults crazy. It is actually a neurological (神经的) sensitivity, initiated by hormonal changes.Evolutionarily speaking, people in this age group are at a stage in which they can prepare to find a mate and start their own family while separating from parents and striking out on their own. To do this successfully, their brain prompts them to think and even obsess about others.K) Yet our schools focus primarily on students as individual entities. What would happen if educators instead took advantage of the fact that teens are powerfully compelled to think in social terms? In Social, Lieberman lays out a number of ways to do so. History and English could be presented through the lens of the psychological drives of the people involved.One could therefore present Napoleon in terms of his desire to impress or Churchill in terms of his lonely gloom. Less inherently interpersonal subjects, such as math, could acquire asocial aspect through team problem solving and peer tutoring. Research shows that when we absorb information in order to teach it to someone else, we learn it more accurately and deeply, perhaps in part because we are engaging our social cognition.L) And although anxious parents may not welcome the notion, educators could turn adolescent recklessness to academic ends."Risk taking in an educational context is a vital skill that enables progress and creativity," wrote Sarah-Jayne Blake more, a cognitive neuroscientist at University College London, in a review published last year. Yet, she noted,many young people are especially unwilling to take risks at school—afraid that one low test score or poor grade could cost them a spot at a selective university. We should assure such students that risk, and even peer pressure, can be a good thing—as long as it happens in the classroom and not in the car.36. It is thought probable that the human brain is particularly good at picking up socially important information.37. It can be concluded from experiments that the presence of peers increases risk-taking by adolescents and youth.38. Students should be told that risk-taking in the classroom can be something positive.39. The urge of finding a mate and getting married accounts for adolescents' greater attention to social interactions.40. According to Steinberg, the presence of peers increases the speed and effectiveness of teenagers' learning.41. Teenagers' parents are often concerned about negative peer influence.42. Activating the brain's social network involved in socially motivated learning and memory may allow students to tap unused mental powers.43. The presence of peers intensifies the feeling of rewards in teens' brains.44. When we absorb information for the purpose of imparting it to others, we do so with greater accuracy and depth.45. Some experts are suggesting that we turn peer influence to good use in education.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.The Ebro Delta, in Spain, famous as a battleground during the Spanish Civil War, is now the setting for a different contest, one that is pitting rice farmers against two enemies: the rice-eating giant apple snail, and rising sea levels. What happens here will have a bearing on the future of European rice production and the overall health of southern European wetlands.Located on the Mediterranean just two hours south of Barcelona, the Ebro Delta produces 120million kilograms of rice a year, making it one of the continent's most important rice-growing areas. As the sea creeps into these fresh-water marshes, however, rising salinity (盐分) is hampering rice production. At the same time, this sea-water also kills off the greedy giant apple snail, an introduced pest that feeds on young rice plants. The most promising strategy has become to harness one foe against the other.The battle is currently being waged on land, in greenhouses at the University of Barcelona.Scientists working under the banner "Project Neurice" are seeking varieties of rice that can withstand the increasing salinity without losing the absorbency that makes European rice ideal for traditional Spanish and Italian dishes."The project has two sides," says Xavier Serrat, Neurice project manager and researcher at the University of Barcelona, "the short-term fight against the snail, and a mid- to long-term fight against climate change. But the snail has given the project greater urgency." Originally from South America, the snails were accidentally introduced into the Ebro Delta by Global Aquatic Technologies, a company that raised the snails for fresh-water aquariums (水族馆), but failed to prevent their escape. For now, the giant apple snail's presence in Europe is limited to the Ebro Delta. But the snail continues its march to new territory, says Serrat."The question is not whether it will reach other rice-growing areas of Europe,but when."Over the next year and a half investigators will test the various strains of salt tolerant rice they've bred. In 2018, farmers will plant the varieties with the most promise in the Ebro Delta and Europe's other two main rice-growing regions—along the Po in Italy, and France's Rhone. A season in the field will help determine which, if any, of the varieties are ready for commercialization.As an EU-funded effort, the search for salt-tolerant varieties of rice is taking place in all three countries. Each team is crossbreeding a local European short-grain rice with a long-grain Asian variety that carries the salt-resistant gene. The scientists are breeding successive generations to arrive at varieties that incorporate salt tolerance but retain about 97percent of the European rice genome (基因组).46. Why does the author mention the Spanish Civil War at the beginning of the passage?A) It had great impact on the life of Spanish rice farmers.B) It is of great significance in the records of Spanish history.C) Rice farmers in the Ebro Delta are waging a battle of similar importance.D) Rice farmers in the Ebro Delta are experiencing as hard a time as in the war.47. What may be the most effective strategy for rice farmers to employ infighting their enemies?A) Striking the weaker enemy first.B) Killing two birds with one stone.C) Eliminating the enemy one by one.D) Using one evil to combat the other.48. What do we learn about "Project Neurice"?A) Its goals will have to be realized at a cost.B) It aims to increase the yield of Spanish rice.C) Its immediate priority is to bring the pest under control.D) It tries to kill the snails with the help of climate change.49. What does Neurice project manager say about the giant apple snail?A) It can survive only on southern European wetlands.B) It will invade other rice-growing regions of Europe.C) It multiplies at a speed beyond human imagination.D) It was introduced into the rice fields on purpose.50. What is the ultimate goal of the EU-funded program?A) Cultivating ideal salt-resistant rice varieties.B) Increasing the absorbency of the Spanish rice.C) Introducing Spanish rice to the rest of Europe.D) Popularizing the rice crossbreeding technology.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Photography was once an expensive, laborious ordeal reserved for life's greatest milestones. Now, the only apparent cost to taking infinite photos of something as common as a meal is the space on your hard drive and your dining companion's patience.But is there another cost, a deeper cost, to documenting a life experience instead of simply enjoying it?"You hear that you shouldn't take all these photos and interrupt the experience,and it's bad for you, and we're not living in the present moment," says Kristin Diehl, associate professor of marketing at the University of Southern California Marshall School of Business. Diehl and her fellow researchers wanted to find out if that was true, so they embarked on a series of nine experiments in the lab and in the field testing people's enjoyment in the presence or absence of acamera. The results, published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, surprised them. Taking photos actually makes people enjoy what they're doing more, not less."What we find is you actually look at the world slightly differently, because you're looking for things you want to capture, that you may want to hang onto," Diehl explains."That gets people more engaged in the experience, and they tend to enjoy it more."Take sightseeing. In one experiment, nearly 200 participants boarded a double-decker bus for a tour of Philadelphia. Both bus tours forbade the use of cellphones but one tour provided digital cameras and encouraged people to take photos. The people who took photos enjoyed the experience significantly more,and said they were more engaged, than those who didn't.Snapping a photo directs attention, which heightens the pleasure you get from whatever you're looking at, Diehl says. It works for things as boring as archaeological (考古的)museums, where people were given eye-tracking glasses and instructed either to take photos or not. "People look longer at things they want to photograph," Diehl says. They report liking the exhibits more, too.To the relief of Instagrammers (Instagram 用户) everywhere, it can even make meals more enjoyable. When people were encouraged to take at least three photos while they ate lunch,they were more immersed in their meals than those who weren't told to take photos.Was it the satisfying click of the camera? The physical act of the snap? No, they found; just the act of planning to take a photo—and not actually taking it—had the same joy-boosting effect. "If you want to take mental photos, that works the same way," Diehl says. "Thinking about what you would want to photograph also gets you more engaged."51. What does the author say about photo-taking in the past?A) It was a painstaking effort for recording life's major events.B) It was a luxury that only a few wealthy people could enjoy.C) It was a good way to preserve one's precious images.D) It was a skill that required lots of practice to master.52. Kristin Diehl conducted a series of experiments on photo-taking to find out _______.A) what kind of pleasure it would actually bring to photo-takersB) whether people enjoyed it when they did sightseeingC) how it could help to enrich people's life experiencesD) whether it prevented people enjoying what they were doing53. What do the results of Diehl's experiments show about people taking pictures?A) They are distracted from what they are doing.B) They can better remember what they see or do.C) They are more absorbed in what catches their eye.D) They can have a better understanding of the world.54. What is found about museum visitors with the aid of eye-tracking glasses?A) They come out with better photographs of the exhibits.B) They focus more on the exhibits when taking pictures.C) They have a better view of what are on display.D) They follow the historical events more easily.55. What do we learn from the last paragraph?A) It is better to make plans before taking photos.B) Mental photos can be as beautiful as snapshots.C) Photographers can derive great joy from the click of the camera.D) Even the very thought of taking a photo can have a positive effect.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30minutes to translate a passage from Chinese intoEnglish. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.过去，拥有一辆私家车对大部分中国人而言是件奢侈的事。
2018年6月大学英语六级真题与参考答案系列全3套
2018年6月大学英语六级真题与参考答案全3套目录2018年6月大学英语六级真题与参考答案-1...... 1-18页2018年6月大学英语六级真题与参考答案-2......19-36页2018年6月大学英语六级真题与参考答案-3......37-55页2018年6月大学英语六级真题与参考答案-1Part 1 writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of building trust between employers and employees. You can cite examples to illustrate your views. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.范文示例：The relationship between employers and employees is based on the labor contract that they have signed together. However, if this relationship is to develop well and the two sides intend to achieve success through cooperation, trust has to be built between employers and employees.On the one hand, employers should communicate their vision, mission and code of ethics to their employees in order to inspire employees´trust in the company: On the other hand, employees should strictly comply with company or industry rules and regulations. Otherwise, any irregular or deceitful practice will easily destroy the trust between employers and employees. In fact, trust is the foundation on which companies are built. Without trust, no company will be able to survive, and no individual can fully explore his or her potential.Both employers and employees should bear in mind that trust is not built overnight. It requires months, even years of hard work, and yet it may be still very fragile. The trust between employers and employees needs to be nurtured and protected by both sides carefully.Part ⅡSection A Directions：In this section，you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations．At the end of each conversation，one or more questions will be asked about what was said．Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once．After each question there will be a pause．During the pause，you must read the four choices marked A) ，B) ，C) and D) ，and decide which is the best answer．Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre．。
2018 年 6 月大学英语六级考试真题(第1套)
2018 年6 月大学英语六级考试真题(第1 套）Part I Writing(30minutes) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the importance of building trust between employer and employees. You can cite examples to illustrate your views.You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part II Listening Comprehension(30minutes) Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversations At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After youhear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A). She is the owner of a special cafe.B). She sells a special kind of coffee.C). She advocates animal protection.D). She is going to start a cafe chain.2. A). They help take care of customers' pets.B). They are a profitable business sector.C). They cater to different customers. D). They bear a lot of similarities.3. A). By selecting breeds that are tame and peaceful.B). By giving them regular cleaning and injections.C). By placing them at a safe distance from customers.D). By briefing customers on how to get along with them.4. A). They give her cafe favorite reviews.B). They like to bring in their children.C). They love the animals in her cafe.D). They want to learn about rabbits.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5.A). It can cause obesity.B). It is mostly garbage.C). It contains too many additives.D). It lacks the essential vitamins.6.A). TV commercials. B). Its fancy design.C). Its taste and texture.D). Peer influence.7.A). Offering children more variable to choose from.B). Trying to trick children into buying their products.C). Marketing their products with ordinary ingredients.D). Investing heavily in the production of sweet foods.8.A). They favored chocolate-coated sweets.B). They like the food advertised on TV.C). They hardly had food.D). They seldom had junk food.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9.A). Tombs of ancient rulers.B). Typical Egyptian animal farms.C). Ruins left by devastating floods.D). Stretches of farmland.10.A). It provides habitats for more primitive tribes.B). It is hardly associated with great civilizations.C). It gathers water from many tropical rain forests.D). It has not yet been fully explored and exploited.11.A). It has numerous human settlements along its banks.B). It is second only to the Mississippi River in width.C). It is as long as the Nile and the Yangtze combined.D). It carries about one fifth of the word' fresh water.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. A). All of us actually yearn for a slow and calm life.B). The search for tranquility has become a trend.C). We are always in a rush to do various things.D). Living a life in the fast lane leads to success.13. A). She enjoyed the various social events.B). She was accustomed to tight schedules.C). She had trouble balancing family and work. D). She spent all her leisure time writing books.14. A). The fatigue from living a fast-paced life. B). Becoming aware of her declining health.C). Reading a book about slowing down. D). The possibility of ruining her family.15. A). She came to enjoy doing everyday tasks.B). She started to follow the cultural norms..C). She learn to use more polite expressions.D). She stopped using to-do lists and calendars.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. A). They will root out native species altogether.B). They will crossbreed with native species.C). They pose a threat to the local ecosystem. D). They contribute to a region's biodiversity.17. A). Their distinctions are artificial.B). Their definitions are changeable.C). Their interactions are hard to define. D). Their classifications are meaningful.18. A). Only 10 percent of them can be naturalized.B). Few of them can survive in their new habitats.C). They may turn to benefit the local environment.D). Only a few of them cause problems to native species.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A). Adopt the right business strategies. B). Attend their business seminars.C). Respect their traditional culture. D). Research their specific demands.20. A). Clicking your fingers loudly in their presence.B). Drinking alcohol on certain days of a month.C). Giving gifts a great value.D). Showing them your palm.21. A). They have a break from 2:00 to 5:30 p.m.B). They trend to friendly and enthusiastic.C). They have a strong sense of worth.D). They are very easy to satisfy.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.22. A). He had the company's boardroom extensively renovated.B). He completely changed the company's culture.C). He took over the sales department of Reader's Digest.D). He collected paintings by world-famous artists.23.A). Its articles should entertain blue-and pink-collar workers.B). Its articles should be short and inspiring.C). It should be sold at a reasonable price.D). Its articles should be published in the world's leading languages.24.A). He served as a church minster for many years.B). He knew how to make the magazine profitable.C). He treated the employees like members of his family.D). He suffered many setbacks and misfortunes in his life.25.A). It carried many more advertisements.B). Its subscriptions increased considerably.C). George Grune joined it as an ad salesman.D). Several hundred of its employees got fired.Part III Reading Comprehension(40minutes) Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Did Sarah Josepha Hale write “Mary 's Little Lamb,” the eternal nursery rhyme (儿歌) about a girl named Mary with a stubborn lamb? This is still dispute , but it’s clear that the woman 26 for writing it was one of America 's most fascinating 27 _. In honor of the poem 's publication on May 24，1830，here’s more about the28 author 's life.Hale wasn’t just a writer, she was also a 29social advocate, and she was particularly30_ with an ideal New England, which she associated with abundant Thanksgiving meals that she claimed had “a deep moral influence.”she began a nationwide 31 to have a national holiday declared that would bring families together whilecelebrating the 32 festivals. In 1863, after 17 years of advocacy including letters to five presidents，Hale got it.setting aside the last Thursday in November for President Abraham Lincoln, during the Civil War, issued a 33the holiday.The true authorship of “Mary’s Little Lamb” is disputed.. According to New England Historical Society, Hale wrote only one part of the poem, but claimed authorship. Regardless of the author, it seems that the poem was34 by a real event. When young Mary Sawyer was followed to school by a lamb in 1816, it caused some problems. A bystander named John Roulstone wrote a poem about the event, then, at some point, Hale herself seems35 of to have helped write it. However, if a 1916 piece by her great-niece is to be trusted, Hale claimed for theher life that “Some other people pretended that someone else wrote the poem”.Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2.Grow Plants Without Water[A]. Ever since humanity began to farm our own food, we've faced the unpredictable rain that is bothfriend and enemy. It comes and goes without much warning, and a field of lush (茂盛的) leafy greens one year can dry up and blow away the next. Food security and fortunes depend on sufficient rain, and nowhere more so than in Africa, where 96% of farmland depends on rain instead of the irrigation common in more developed places. It has consequences : South Africa's ongoing drought—the worst in three decades— will cost at least a quarter of its com crop this year.[B]. Biologist Jill Farrant of the University of Cape Town in South Africa says that nature has plenty ofanswers for people who want to grow crops in places with unpredictable rainfall. She is hard at work finding a way to take traits from rare wild plants that adapt to extreme dry weather and use them in food crops. As the earth's climate changes and rainfall becomes even less predictable in some places, those answers will grow even more valuable."The type of farming I'm aiming for is literally so that people can survive as it's going to get more and more dry,"Farrant says.[C]. Extreme conditions produce extremely tough plants. In the rusty red deserts of South Africa, steep-sided rocky hills called inselbergs rear up from the plains like the bones of the earth. The hills are remnants of an earlier geological era, scraped bare of most soil and exposed to the elements. Yet on these and similar formations in deserts around the world, a few fierce plants have adapted to endure under ever-changing conditions.[D]. Farrant calls them resurrection plants (复苏植物) . During months without water under a harsh sun.They wither, shrink and contract until they look like a pile of dead gray leaves. But rainfall can revive them in a matter of hours. Her time-lapse (间歇性拍摄的) videos of the revivals look like someone playing a tape of the plant's death in reverse.[E]. The big difference between"drought-tolerant" plants and these tough plants: metabolism. Manydifferent kinds of plants have developed tactics to weather dry spells. Some plants store reserves of water to see them through a drought ; others send roots deep down to subsurface water supplies. But once these plants use up their stored reserve or tap out the underground supply, they cease growing and start to die. They may be able to handle a drought of some length, and many people use the term "drought tolerant" to describe such plants, but they never actually stop needing to consume water, so Farrant prefers to call them drought resistant.[F]. Resurrection plants, defined as those capable of recovering from holding less than 0.1 grams of waterper gram of dry mass, are different. They lack water-storing structures, and their existence on rock faces prevents them from tapping groundwater, so they have instead developed the ability to change their metabolism .When they detect an extended dry period, they divert their metabolisms, producing sugars and certain stress-associated proteins and other materials in their tissues. As the plant dries, these resources take on first the properties of honey, then rubber, and finally enter a glass-like state that is"the most stable state that the plant can maintain,"Farrant says. That slows the plant's metabolism and protects its dried-out tissues. The plants also change shape, shrinking to minimize the surface area through which their remaining water might evaporate. They can recover from months and years without water, depending on the species.[G]. What else can do this dry-out-and-revive trick? Seeds-almost all of them. At the start of her career,Farrant studied . recalcitrant seeds (执拗性种子) ," such as avocados, coffee and lychee. While tasty, such seeds are delicate--they cannot bud and grow if they dry out (as you may know if you've ever tried to grow a tree from an avocado pit). In the seed world, that makes them rare, because most seeds from flowering plants are quite robust. Most seeds can wait out the dry, unwelcoming seasons until conditions are right and they sprout (发芽). Yet once they start growing, such plants seem not to retain the ability to hit the pause button on metabolism in their stems or leaves.[H]. After completing her Ph. D. on seeds, Farrant began investigating whether it might be possible toisolate the properties that make most seeds so resilient (迅速恢复活力的) and transfer them to other plant tissues. What Farrant and others have found over the past two decades is that there are many genes involved in resurrection plants' response to dryness. Many of them are the same that regulate how seeds become dryness-tolerant while still attached to their parent plants. Now they are trying to figure out what molecular signaling processes activate those seed-building genes in resurrection plants—and how to reproduce them in crops."Most genes are regulated by a master set of genes,"Farrant says."We're looking at gene promoters and what would be their master switch."[I]. Once Farrant and her colleagues feel they have a better sense of which switches to throw, they willhave to find the best way to do so in useful crops."I'm trying three methods of breeding,"Farrant says : conventional, genetic modification arid gene editing. She says she is aware that plenty of people do not want to eat genetically modified crops, but she is pushing ahead with every available tool until one works. Farmers and consumers alike can choose whether or not to use whichever versionprevails :"I'm giving people an option. "[J]. Farrant and others in the resurrection business got together last year to discuss the best species of resurrection plant to use as a lab model. Just like medical researchers use rats to test ideas for human medical treatments, botanists use plants that are relatively easy to grow in a lab or greenhouse setting to test their ideas for related species. The Queensland rock violet is one of the best studied resurrection plants so far, with a draft genome (基因图谱) published last year by a Chinese team.Also last year, Farrant and colleagues published a detailed molecular study of another candidate, Xerophyta viscosa, a tough-as-nail south African plant with lily-like flowers, and she says that a genome is on the way. one or both of these models will help researchers test their ideas — so far mostly done in the lab— on test plots.[K]. Understanding the basic science first is key. There are good reasons why crop plants do not use dryness defenses already. For instance, there's a high energy cost in switching from a regular metabolism to an almost-no-water metabolism. It will also be necessary to understand what sort of yield farmers might expect and to establish the plant's safety."The yield is never going to be high,"Farrant says, so these plants will be targeted not at Iowa farmers trying to squeeze more cashout of high-yield fields, but subsistence farmers who need help to survive a drought like the present one in South Africa."My vision is for the subsistence farmer,"Farrant says."I'm targeting crops that are of African value. ".36.There are a couple of plants tough and adaptable enough to survive on bare rocky hills and in deserts.37.Farrant is trying to isolate genes in resurrection plants and reproduce them in crops.38.Farmers in South Africa are more at the mercy of nature, especially inconsistent rainfall.39.Resurrection crops are most likely to be the choice of subsistence farmers.40.Even though many plants have developed various tactics to cope with dry weather, they cannotsurvive a prolonged drought.41.Despite consumer resistance, researchers are pushing ahead with genetic modification of crops.42.Most seeds can pull through dry spells and begin growing when conditions are ripe, but once thisprocess starts, it cannot be held back.43.Farrant is working hard to cultivate food crops that call survive extreme dryness by studying thetraits of rare wild plants.44.By adjusting their metabolism, resurrection plants can recover from an extended period of drought.45.Resurrection plants can come back to life in a short time after a rainfall.Section CDirections：There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centrepassage oneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Human memory is notoriously unreliable. Even people with the sharpest facial-recognition skills can only remember so much.It's tough to quantify how good a person is at remembering. No one really knows how many different faces someone can recall, for example, but various estimates tend to hover in the thousands-based on the number of acquaintances a person might have.Machines aren't limited this way, Give the right computer a massive database of faces, and it can process what it sees-then recognize a face it's told to find-with remarkable speed and precision. This skill is what supports the enormous promise of facial-recognition software in the 2lst century. It's also what makes contemporary surveillance systems so scary.The thing is, machines still have limitations when it comes to facial recognition. And scientists are only just beginning to understand what those constraints are. To begin to figure out how computers are struggling, researchers at the University of Washington created a massive database of faces- they call it MegaFace- and tested a variety of facial-recognition algorithms (算法) as they scaled up in complexity. The idea was to test the machines on a database that included up to 1 million different images of nearly 700,000 different people-and not just a large database featuring a relatively small number of different faces, more consistent with what's been used in other research.As the databases grew, machine accuracy dipped across the board. Algorithms that were right 95% of the time when they were dealing with a 13, 000-image database, for example, were accurate about 70% of the time when confronted with 1 million images. That's still pretty good, says one of the researchers, Ira Kemelmacher-Shlizerman."Much better than we expected, "she said.Machines also had difficulty adjusting for people who look a lot alike-either doppelgangers(长相极相似的人),whom the machine would have trouble identifying as two separate people, or the same person who appeared in different photos at different ages or in different lighting, whom themachine would incorrectly view as separate people."Once we scale up, algorithms must be sensitive to tiny changes in identities and at the same time invariant to lighting, pose, age, "Kemelmacher-Shlizerman said.The trouble is, for many of the researchers who'd like to design systems to address these challenges, massive datasets for experimentation just don't exist--at least, not in formats that are accessible to academic researchers.Training sets like the ones Google and Facebook have are private. There are no public databases that contain millions of faces. MegaFace's creators say it's the largest publicly available facial-recognition dataset out there.“An ultimate face recognition algorithm should perform with billions of people in a dataset, ”the researchers wrote.pared with human memory, machines can .A)i dentify human faces more efficientlyC) store an unlimited number of human facesB) tell a friend from a mere acquaintanceD) perceive images invisible to the human eye47.Why did researchers create MegaFace?A)To enlarge the volume of the facial-recognition databaseB)To increase the variety of facial-recognition softwareC)To understand computers' problems with facial recognitionD) To reduce the complexity of facial-recognition algorithms48.What does the passage say about machine accuracy?A)It falls short of researchers' expectations.C) It varies greatly with different algorithms.B) It improves with added computing power.D) It decreases as the database size increases.49.What is said to be a shortcoming of facial-recognition machines?A)They cannot easily tell apart people with near-identical appearances.B)They have difficulty identifying changes in facial expressionsC)They are not sensitive to minute changes in people's moodD)They have problems distinguishing people of the same age50.What is the difficulty confronting researchers of facial-recognition machines?A)No computer is yet able to handle huge datasets of human facesB) There do not exist public databases with sufficient face samplerC)There are no appropriate algorithms to process the face samplesD)They have trouble converting face datasets into the right format.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Therere currently 21.5 million students in America, and many will be funding their college on borrowed money. Given that there's now over $1.3 trillion in student loans on the books, it's prettyclear that many students are far from sensible. The average student's debt upon graduation now approaches $40, 000, and as college becomes ever more expensive, calls to make it "free" aremultiplying. Even Hillary Clinton says that when it comes to college,"Costs won't be a barrier. "But the only way college could be free is if the faculty and staff donated their time, thebuildings required no maintenance, and campuses required no utilities. As long as it's impossible to produce something from nothing costs are absolutely a barrier.The actual question we debate is who should pay for people to go to college. If taxpayers are to bear the cost of forgiving student loans, shouldn't they have a say in how their money is used?At least taxpayers should be able to decide what students will study on the public dime. If we're going to force taxpayers to foot the bill for college degrees, students should only study those subjects that're of greatest benefit to taxpayers. After all, students making their own choices in this respect is what caused the problem in the first place. We simply don't need more poetry, gender studies, or sociology majors. How do we know which subjects benefit society? Easy.Average starting salaries give a clear indication of what type of training society needs its new workers to have. Certainly, there're benefits to a college major beyond the job a student can perform. But if we're talking about the benefits to society, the only thing that matters is what the major enables the student to produce for society. And the value of what the student can produce is reflected in the wage employers are willing to pay the student to produce it.A low wage for elementary school teachers, however, doesn't mean elementary education isn’t important. It simply means there're too many elementary school teachers already.Meanwhile, there're few who're willing and able to perform jobs requiring a petroleum engineering major, so the value of one more of those people is very highSo we can have taxpayers pick up students' tuition in exchange for dictating what those students will study. Or we can allow students both to choose their majors and pay for their education themselves. But in the end ,one of two things is true:Either a college major is worth its cost or it isn't. If yes, taxpayer financing isn't needed If not taxpayer financing isn't desirable. Either way, taxpayers have no business paying for students' college education.51.What does the author think of college students funding their education through loans?A)They only expect to get huge returns.C)They benefit at taxpayers expense.B)They are acting in an irrational way.D)They will regret doing so someday.52.In the author's opinion, free college education is .A)impracticalB)unsustainableC)a goal to strive forD) a way to social equality53.What should students do if taxpayers are to bear their college costs?A)Work even harder to repay society.B)Choose their subjects more carefully.C)Choose majors that will serve society's practical need.D)Allow taxpayers to participate in college administration.54.What does the author say about the value of a student's college education?A)It is underestimated by profit-seeking employers.C) It is well reflected in their average starting salary.B) It is to be proved by what they can do on the job.D) It is embodied in how they remove social barriers.55.What message does the author want to convey in the passage?A)Students should think care fully whether to go to collegeB) Taxpayers should only finance the most gifted students.C)The worth of a college education is open to debate.D) College students should fund their own education..Part I Translation(30minutes)Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to transate a passage from Chinese into Engtish. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.过去，拥有一辆私家车对大部分中国人而言是件奢侈的事。
2018年6月英语六级真题第一套(卷一)
2018 年6月全国大学生英语六级考试（第1套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of building trust between employees and employers. You can cite examples to illustrate your views. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1.A)It is a typical salad. C) It is a weird vegetable.B)It is a Spanish soup. D) It is a kind of spicy food.2.A)To make it thicker. C) To add to its appeal.B)To make it more nutritious. D) To replace an ingredient.3.A)It contains very little fat. C) It uses no artificial additives.B)It uses olive oil in cooking. D) It is mainly made of vegetables.4 . A) It does not go stale for t wo years. C) It comes from a special kind of p ig.B) It takes no special skill to prepare. D) It is a delicacy blended with bread.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A)They come in a g reat variety. C) They do not vary much in price.B) They do not make decent gifts. D) They go well with Italian food.6. A)$30-$40. C) $50-$60.B) $40-$50. D) Around $150.7.A)They are a healthy choice for elderly people. C) They symbolize good health and longevity.B) They are especially popular among Italians. D) They go well with different kinds of food.8.A)It is wine imported from California. C) It is far more expensive than he e xpected.B) It is less spicy than all other red wines. D) It is Italy’s most famous type of redwine.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9.A)Learning others’ secrets. C)Decoding secret messages.B)Searching for information. D)Spreading sensational news.10.A)They helped the U.S. army in World War Ⅱ.B)They could write down spoken codes p romptly.C)They were assigned to decode enemy m essages.D)They were good at breaking enemy secret codes.11.A)Important battles fought in the Pacific War.B)Decoding of secret messages in war times.C)A military code that was never broken.D)N avajo Indians’ contribution to code breaking.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12.A )All services will be personalized.B) A lot of knowledge-intensive jobs will be replaced.C)Technology will revolutionize all sectors of industry.D)More information will be available.13.A)In the robotics industry. C) In the personal care sector.B) In the information service. D) In high-end manufacturing.14.A)They charge high prices. C) They cater to the needs of young people.B) They need lots of training. D) They focus on customers’ specific n eeds.15.A) The rising demand in education and healthcare in the next 20 y ears.B)The disruption caused by technology in traditionally well-paid jobs.C)The tremendous changes new technology will bring to people’slives.D)The amazing amount of personal attention people would like to have.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16.A)It was the longest road in ancient Egypt. C) It lay 8 miles from the monument sites.B) It was constructed some 500 years ago. D) It linked a stone pit to some waterways.17.A)Saws used for cutting stone. C)An ancient geographical map.B) Traces left by early explorers. D)Some stone tool segments.18.A) To transport stones to block floods.B)To provide services for the stone pit.C)To link the various monument sites.D)To connect the villages along the Nile.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.19.A) Dr. Gong didn’t give him any conventional tests.B)Dr. Gong marked his office with a hand-painted sign.C)Dr. Gong didn’t ask him any questions about his pain.D)Dr. Gong slipped in needles where he felt no pain.20.A)He had heard of the wonders acupuncture could w ork.B)Dr. Gong was very famous in New York’s Chinatown.C)Previous medical treatments failed to relieve his p ain.D)He found the expensive medical tests unaffordable.21.A)More and more patients ask for the treatment.B)Acupuncture techniques have been perfected.C)It doesn’t need the conventional medical tests.D)It does not have any negative side effects.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.22.A)They were on the verge of breaking up.B)They were compatible despite differences.C)They quarreled a lot and never resolved their arguments.D)They argued persistently about whether to have children.23.A)Neither of them has any brothers or sisters.B)Neither of them won their parents’ favor.C) They weren’t spoiled in their childhood.D) They didn’t like to be the apple of their parents’ eyes.24. A) They are usually good at making friends.B) They tend to be adventurous and creative.C) They are often content with what they have.D) They tend to be self-assured and responsible.25. A) They enjoy making friends.C) They are least likely to take initiative. B) They tend to be well adjusted. D) They usually have successful marriages.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Scientists scanning and mapping the Giza pyramids say they ’ve discovered that Great Pyramid of Giza is not exactly even. But really not by much. This pyramid is the oldest of the world’s Seven Wonders. The pyramid’s exact size has 26 experts for centuries, as the “more than 21 acres of hard, white casing stones “that originally covered it were 27 long ago. Reporting in the most recent issue of the newsletter “AERAGRAM,” which 28 the work or the Ancient Egypt Research Associates, engineer Glen Dash says his team used a new measuring approach that involved finding any surviving 29 , of the casing in order to determine where the original edge was. They found the east side of the pyramid to be a 30 of 5.5 inches shorter than the west side.The question that most 31 him, however, isn’t how the Egyptians who designed and built the pyramid got it wrong 4,500 years age, but how they got it so close to 32 . “We can only speculate as to how the Egyptians could have laid out these lines with such 33 using only the tools they had,” Dash writes. He says his 34 is that the Egyptians laid out their design on a grid, noting that the great pyramid is oriented only 35 away from the cardinal directions(its north-south axis runs 3 minutes 54 seconds west of due north, while its east-west axis runs 3 minutes 51 seconds north of due east)—an amount that’s “tiny, but similar,” archeologist Atlas Obscura pointsout.Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Peer Pressure Has a Positive SideA. Parents of teenagers often view their children‘s friends with something like suspicion. They worry that theadolescent peer group has the power to push its members into behavior that is foolish and even dangerous. Such wariness is I ）perfect precision puzzled N) revelations O ）slightlyA)chroniclesB)completeestablishedfascinatesF)maximummomentummysteriouslywell founded: statistics show, for example, that a teenage driver with a same-age passenger in the car is at higher risk of a fatal crash than an adolescent driving alone or with an adult.B.In a 2005 study, psychologist Laurence Steinberg of Temple University and his co-author, psychologist Margo Gardner, then at Temple, divided 306 people into three age groups: young adolescents, with a mean age of 14; older adolescents, with a mean age of 19; and adults, aged 24 and older. Subjects played a computerized driving game in which the player must avoid crashing into a wall that materializes, without warning, on the roadway. Steinberg and Gardner randomly assigned some participants to play alone or with two same-age peers looking on.C.Older adolescents scored about 50 percent higher on an index of risky driving when their peers were in the room—and the driving of early adolescents was fully twice as reckless when other young teens were around. In contrast, adults behaved in similar ways regardless of whether they were on their own or observed by others. “The presence of peers makes adolescents and youth, but not adults, more likely to take risks,” Steinberg and Gardner concluded.D.Yet in the years following the publication of this study, Steinberg began to believe that this interpretation did not capture the whole picture. As he and other researchers examined the question of why teens were more apt to take risks in the company of other teenagers, they came to suspect that a crowd‘s influence need not always be negative. N ow some experts are proposing that we should take advantage of the teen brain’s keen sensitivity to the presence of friends and leverage it to im prove education.E.In a 2011 study, Steinberg and his colleagues turned to functional MRI （磁共振）to investigate how the presence of peers affects the activity in the adolescent brain. They scanned the brains of 40 teens and adults who were playing a virtual driving game designed to test whether players would brake at a yellow light or speed on through thecrossroad.F.The brains of teenagers, but not adults, showed greater activity in two regions associated with rewards when they were being observed by same-age peers than when alone. In other words, rewards are more intense for teens when they are with peers, which motivates them to pursue higher-risk experiences that might bring a big payoff （such as the thrill of just making the light before it turns red ）. But Steinberg suspected this tendency could also have its advantages. In his latest experiment, published online in August, Steinberg and his colleagues used a computerized version of a card game called the Iowa Gambling Task to investigate how the presence of peers affects the way young people gather and a pplyinformation.G.The results: Teens who played the Iowa Gambling Task under the eyes of fellow adolescents engaged in more exploratory behavior, learned faster from both positive and negative outcomes, and achieved better performance on the task than those who played in solitude. “What our study suggests is that t eenagers learn more quickly and more effectively when their peers are present than when they‘re on their own,” Steinberg says. And this finding could have important implications f or how we think about educating adolescents.H.Matthew D. Lieberman, a social cognitive neuroscientist at the University of California, Los Angeles, and author of the 2013 book Social: Why Our Brains Are Wired to Connect，suspects that the human brain is especially adept at learning socially salient information. He points to a classic 2004 study in which psychologists at Dartmouth College and Harvard University used functional MRI to track brain activity in 17 young men as they listened to descriptions of people while concentrating on either socially relevant cues （for example, trying to form an impression of a person based on the description）or more socially neutral information （such as noting the order of details in the description）.The descriptions were the same in each condition, but people could better remember these statements when given a socialmotivation.I.The study also found that when subjects thought about and later recalled descriptions in terms of their informational content, regions associated with factual memory, such as the medial temporal lobe, became active. But thinking about or remembering descriptions in terms of their social meaning activated the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex—part of the brain‘s social network—even as traditional memory regions registered low levels of activity. More recently, as he reported in a 2012 review, Lieberman has discovered that this region may be part of a distinct network involved in socially motivated learning and memory. Such findings, he says, suggest that “this network can be called on to process and store the kind of information taught in school—potentially giving students access to a range of untapped mental powers.”J.If humans are generally geared to recall details about one another, this pattern is probably even more powerful among teenagers who are very attentive to social details: who is in, who is out, who likes whom, who is mad at whom. Their penchant for social drama is not—or not only—a way of distracting themselves from their schoolwork or of driving adults crazy. It is actually a neurological（神经的）sensitivity, initiated by hormonal changes. Evolutionarily speaking, people inthis age group are at a stage in which they can prepare to find a mate and start their own family while separating from parents and striking out on their own. To do this successfully, their brain prompts them to think and even obsess about others.K.Yet our schools focus primarily on students as individual entities. What would happen if educators instead took advantage of the fact that teens are powerfully compelled to think in social terms? In Social, Lieberman lays out a number of ways to do so. History and English could be presented through the lens of the psychological drives of the people involved. One could therefore present Napoleon in terms of his desire to impress or Churchill in terms of his lonely melancholy. Less inherently interpersonal subjects, such as math, could acquire a social aspect through team problem solving and peer tutoring. Research shows that when we absorb information in order to teach it to someone else, we learn it more accurately and deeply, perhaps in part because we are engaging our social cognition.L.And although anxious parents may not welcome the notion, educators could turn adolescent recklessness to academic ends. “Risk taking in an educational context is a vital skill that enables progress and creativity,” wrote Sarah- Jayne Blakemore, a cognitive neuroscientist at University College London, in a review published last year. Yet, she noted, many young people are especially risk averse at school—afraid that one low test score or mediocre grade could cost them a spot at a selective university. We should assure such students that risk, and even peer pressure, can be a good thing—as long as it happens in the classroom and not the car.36.It is thought probable that the human brain is particularly good at picking-up socially important information.37.It can be concluded from experiment that the presence of peers increases risk-taking by adolescents andyouth.38.Students should be told that risk-taking in the classroom can be something positive.39.The urge of finding a mate and getting married accounts for adolescents’ greater attention to social interactions.40.According to Steinberg, the presence of peers increases the speed and effectiveness of teenagers’leaning.41.Teenagers’ parents are often concerned about negative peer influence.42.Activating the brain’s social network involved in socially motivated learning and memory may allow students totap unused mental powers.43.The presence of peer intensifies the feeling of rewards in teens’brains.44.When we absorb information for the purpose of imparting it to others, we do so with greater secretary and d epth.45.Some experts are suggesting that we turn peer influence to good use in education.Section CDirections: T here are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some question or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C)and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.The Ebro Delta, in Spain, famous as a battleground during the Spanish Civil War, is now the setting for a different contest, one that is pitting rice farmers against two enemies: the rice-eating giant apple snail, and rising sea levels. What happens here will have a bearing on the future of European rice production and the overall health of southern European wetlands.Located on the Mediterranean just two hours south of Barcelona, the Ebro Delta produces 120 million kilograms of rice a year, making it one of the continent’s most important rice-growing areas. As the sea creeps into these freshwater marshes, however, rising salinity （盐分）is hampering rice production. At the same time, this sea-water also kills off the greedy giant apple snail, an introduced pest that feeds on young rice plants. The most promising strategy has become to harness one foe against the other.The battle is currently being waged on land, in greenhouses at the University of Barcelona. Scientists working under the banner “Project Neurice” are seeking varieties of rice that can withstand the increasing salinity without losing the absorben cy that makes European rice ideal for traditional Spanish and Italian dishes.“The project has two sides,” says Xavier Serrat, Neurice project manager and researcher at the University of Barcelona.“The short-term fight against the snail, and a mid- to long-term fight against climate change. But the snail has given the project greater urgency.”Originally from South America, the snails were accidentally introduced into the Ebro Delta by Global Aquatic Technologies, a company that raised the snails for fresh-water aquariums （水族馆）, but failed to prevent their escape. For now, the giant apple snail’s foothold in Europe is limited to the Ebro Delta. But the snail continues its march to new territ ory, says Serrat. “The question is not if it will reach other rice-growing areas of Europe, but when.”Over the next year and a half investigators will test the various strains of saline-tolerant rice they’ve concocted. In 2018, farmers will plant the varieties with the most promise in the Ebro Delta and Europe’s other two main rice-growing regions—along the Po in Italy, and France’s Rhône. A season in the field will help determine which, if any, of the varieties are read y for commercialization.As an EU-funded effort, the search for salt-tolerant varieties of rice is taking place in all three countries. Each team is crossbreeding a local European short-grain rice with a long-grain Asian variety that carries the salt-resistant gene. The scientists are breeding successive generations to arrive at varieties that incorporate salt tolerance but retain about 97 percent of the European rice genome （基因组）.46.Why does the author mention the Spanish Civil War at the beginning of the passage?A）It had great impact on the life of Spanish rice farmers.B）It is of great significance in the records of Spanishhistory.C）Rice farmers in the Ebro Delta are waging a battle of similar importance.D）Rice farmers in the Ebro Delta are experiencing as hard a time as in the war.47.What may be the most effective strategy for rice farmers to employ in fighting their enemies?A）Striking the weaker enemy first. B）Eliminating the enemy one by one 。
2018年6月大学生英语六级第一套
2018年6月大学英语六级考试真题（第1套）the importance of building trust between employers and employers.Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Scientists scanning and mapping the Giza pyramids say they’ve discovered that Great Pyramid of Giza is not exactly even. But really not by much. This pyramid is the oldest of the world’s Seven Wonders. The pyramid’s exact size has 26 experts for centuries, as the “more than 21 acres of hard, white casing stones “that originally covered it were 27 long ago. Reporting in the most recent issue of the newsletter “AERAGRAM,” which 28 the work or the Ancient Egypt Research Associates, engineer Glen Dash says his team used a new measuring approach that involved finding any surviving29 , of the casing in order to determine where the original edge was. They found the east side of the pyramid to be a30 of 5.5 inches shorter than the west side.The question that most 31 him, however, isn’t how the Egyptians who designed and built the pyramid got it wrong 4,500 years age, but how they got it so close to 32 . “We can only speculate as to how the Egyptians could have laid out these lines with such 33 using only the tools they had,”Dash writes. He says his 34 is that the Egyptians laid out their design on a grid, noting that the great pyramid is oriented only 35 away from the cardinal directions(its north-south axis runs 3 minutes 54 seconds west of due north, while its east-west axis runs 3 minutes 51Peer Pressure Has a Positive SideA. Parents of teenagers often view their children‘s friends with something like suspicion. They worry that the adolescent peer group has the power to push its members into behavior that is foolish and even dangerous. Such wariness is well founded: statistics show, for example, that a teenage driver with a same-age passenger in the car is at higher risk of a fatal crash than an adolescent driving alone or with an adult.B. In a 2005 study, psychologist Laurence Steinberg of Temple University and his co-author, psychologist Margo Gardner, then at Temple, divided 306 people into three age groups: young adolescents, with a mean age of 14; older adolescents, with a mean age of 19; and adults, aged 24 and older. Subjects played a computerized driving game in which the player must avoid crashing into a wall that materializes, without warning, on the roadway. Steinberg and Gardner randomly assigned some participants to play alone or with two same-age peers looking on.C. Older adolescents scored about 50 percent higher on an index of risky driving when their peers were in the room—and the driving of early adolescents was fully twice as reckless when other young teens were around. In contrast, adults behaved in similar ways regardless of whether they were on their own or observed by others. “The presence of peers makes adolescents and youth, but not adults, more likely to take risks,” Steinberg and Gardner conclud ed.D. Yet in the years following the publication of this study, Steinberg began to believe that this interpretation did not capture the whole picture. As he and other researchers examined the question of why teens were more apt to take risks in the company of other teenagers, they came to suspect that a crowd‘s influence need not always be negative. Now some experts are proposing that we should take advantage of the teen brain’s keen sensitivity to the presence of friends and leverage it t o improve education.E. In a 2011 study, Steinberg and his colleagues turned to functional MRI （磁共振）to investigate how the presence of peers affects the activity in the adolescent brain. They scanned the brains of 40 teens and adults who were playing a virtual driving game designed to test whether players would brake at a yellow light or speed on through the crossroad.F. The brains of teenagers, but not adults, showed greater activity in two regions associated with rewards when they were being observed by same-age peers than when alone. In other words, rewards are more intense for teens when they are with peers, which motivates them to pursue higher-risk experiences that might bring a big payoff （such as the thrill of just making the light before it turns red）. But Steinberg suspected this tendency could also have its advantages. In his latest experiment, published online in August, Steinberg and his colleagues used a computerized version of a card game called the Iowa Gambling Task to investigate how the presence of peers affects the way young people gather and apply information.G. The results: Teens who played the Iowa Gambling Task under the eyes of fellow adolescents engaged in more exploratory behavior, learned faster from both positive and negative outcomes, and achieved better performance on the task than those who played in solitude. “What our study suggests is that teenagers learn more quickly and more effectively when their peers are present than when they‘re on their own,” Steinberg says. And this finding could have important implications for how we think about educating adolescents.H. Matthew D. Lieberman, a social cognitive neuroscientist at the University of California, Los Angeles, and author of the 2013 book Social: Why Our Brains Are Wired to Connect，suspects that the human brain is especially adept at learning socially salient information. He points to a classic 2004 study in which psychologists at Dartmouth College and Harvard University used functional MRI to track brain activity in 17 young men as they listened to descriptions of people while concentrating on either socially relevant cues （for example, trying to form an impression of a person based on the description）or more socially neutral information （such as noting the order of details in the description）.The descriptions were the same in each condition, but people could better remember these statements when given a social motivation.I. The study also found that when subjects thought about and later recalled descriptions in terms of their informational content, regions associated with factual memory, such as the medial temporal lobe, became active. But thinking about or remembering descriptions in terms of their social meaning activated the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex—part of the brain‘s social network—even as traditional memory regions registered low levels of activity. More recently, as he reported in a 2012 review, Lieberman has discovered that this region may be part of a distinct network involved in socially motivated learning and memory. Such findings, he says, suggest that “this network can be called on to process and store the kind of information taught in school—potentially giving students access to a range of untapped mental powers.”J. If humans are generally geared to recall details about one another, this pattern is probably even more powerful among teenagers who are very attentive to social details: who is in, who is out, who likes whom, who is mad at whom. Their penchant for social drama is not—or not only—a way of distracting themselves from their schoolwork or of driving adults crazy. It is actually a neurological（神经的）sensitivity, initiated by hormonal changes. Evolutionarily speaking, people in this age group are at a stage in which they can prepare to find a mate and start their own family while separating from parents and striking out on their own. To do this successfully, their brain prompts them to think and even obsess about others.K. Yet our schools focus primarily on students as individual entities. What would happen if educators instead took advantage of the fact that teens are powerfully compelled to think in social terms? In Social, Lieberman lays out a number of ways to do so. History and English could be presented through the lens of the psychological drives of the people involved. One could therefore present Napoleon in terms of his desire to impress or Churchill in terms of his lonely melancholy. Less inherently interpersonal subjects, such as math, could acquire a social aspect through team problem solving and peer tutoring. Research shows that when we absorb information in order to teach it to someone else, we learn it more accurately and deeply, perhaps in part because we are engaging our social cognition.L. And although anxious parents may not welcome the notion, educators could turn adolescent recklessness to academic ends. “Risk taking in an educational context is a vital skill that enables progress and creativity,” wrote Sarah-Jayne Blakemore, a cognitive neuroscientist at University College London, in a review published last year. Yet, she noted, many young people are especially risk averse at school—afraid that one low test score or mediocre grade could cost them a spot at a selective university. We should assure such students that risk, and even peer pressure, can be a good thing—as long as it happens in the classroom and not the car.36. It is thought probable that the human brain is particularly good at picking-up socially important information.37. It can be concluded from experiment that the presence of peers increases risk-taking by adolescents and youth.38. Students should be told that risk-taking in the classroom can be something positive.39. The urge of finding a mate and getting married accounts for adolescents’ greater attention to social interactions.40. According to Steinberg, the presence of peers increases the speed and effectiveness of teenagers’ leaning.41. Teenagers’ parents are often concerned about negative peer influence.42. Activating the brain’s social network involved in socially motivated learning and memory may allow students to tap unused mental powers.43. The presence of peer intensifies the feeling of rewards in teens’ brains.44. When we absorb information for the purpose of imparting it to others, we do so with greater secretary and depth.45. Some experts are suggesting that we turn peer influence to good use in education.Passage OneThe Ebro Delta, in Spain, famous as a battleground during the Spanish Civil War, is now the setting for a different contest, one that is pitting rice farmers against two enemies: the rice-eating giant apple snail, and rising sea levels. What happens here will have a bearing on the future of European rice production and the overall health of southern European wetlands.Located on the Mediterranean just two hours south of Barcelona, the Ebro Delta produces 120 million kilograms of rice a year, making it one of the continent’s most important rice-growing areas. As the sea creeps into these freshwater marshes, however, rising salinity （盐分）is hampering rice production. At the same time, this sea-water also kills off the greedy giant apple snail, an introduced pest that feeds on young rice plants. The most promising strategy has become to harness one foe against the other.The battle is currently being waged on land, in greenhouses at the University of Barcelona. Scientists working under the banner “Project Neurice” are seeking varieties of rice that can withstand the increasing salinity without losing the absorbency that makes European rice ideal for traditional Spanish and Italian dishes.“The project has two sides,” says Xavier Serrat, Neurice project manager and researcher at the University of Barcelona. “The short-term fight against the snail, and a mid- to long-term fight against climate change. But the snail has given the project greater urgency.”Originally from South America, the snails were accidentally introduced into the Ebro Delta by Global Aquatic Technologies, a company that raised the snails for fresh-water aquariums （水族馆）, but failed to prevent their escape. For now, the giant apple snail’s foothold in Europe is limited to the Ebro Delta. But the snail continues its march to new territory, says Serrat. “The question is not if it will reach other rice-growing areas of Europe, but when.”Over the next year and a half investigators will test the various strains of saline-tolerant rice they’ve concocted. In 2018, farmers will plant the varieties with the most promise in the Ebro Delta and Europe’s other two ma in rice-growing regions—along the Po in Italy, and France’s Rhône. A season in the field will help determine which, if any, of the varieties are ready for commercialization.As an EU-funded effort, the search for salt-tolerant varieties of rice is taking place in all three countries. Each team is crossbreeding a local European short-grain rice with a long-grain Asian variety that carries the salt-resistant gene. The scientists are breeding successive generations to arrive at varieties that incorporate salt tolerance but retain about 97 percent of the European rice genome （基因组）.46. Why does the author mention the Spanish Civil War at the beginning of the passage?A）It had great impact on the life of Spanish rice farmers.B）It is of great significance in the records of Spanish history.C）Rice farmers in the Ebro Delta are waging a battle of similar importance.D）Rice farmers in the Ebro Delta are experiencing as hard a time as in the war.47. What may be the most effective strategy for rice farmers to employ in fighting their enemies?A）Striking the weaker enemy first. B）Eliminating the enemy one by one。
(完整版)2018年6月英语六级考试真题试卷(完整版-第1套)
2018年6月英语六级考试真题试卷附答案（完整版第2套）Part I Writing(30minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to write an essay on the importance ofbuildi ng trust between employers and employees.You can cite examples to illustrate yourviews.You sh ould write at least150words but no more than200words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) It is a typical salad.B) It is a Spanish soup.C) It is a weird vegetable.D) It is a kind of spicy food.2. A) To make it thicker.B) To make it more nutritious.C) To add to its appeal.D) To replace an ingredient.3. A) It contains very little fat.B) It uses olive oil in cooking.C) It uses no artificial additives.D) It is mainly made of vegetables.4. A) It does not go stale for two years.B) It takes no special skill to prepare.C) It comes from a special kind of pig.D) It is a delicacy blended with bread.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) They come in a great variety.B) They do not make decent gifts.C) They do not vary much in price.D) They go well with Italian food.6. A) $30- $40.B) $40- $50.C) $50- $60.D) Around $ 150.7. A) They are a healthy choice for elderly people.B) They are especially popular among Italians.C) They symbolize good health and longevity.D) They go well with different kinds of food.8. A) It is a wine imported from California.B) It is less spicy than all other red wines.C) It is far more expensive than he expected.D) It is Italy's most famous type of red wine.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A) Learning others' secrets.B) Searching for information.C) Decoding secret messages.D) Spreading sensational news.10. A) They helped the U. S. army in World War Ⅱ.B) They could write down spoken codes promptly.C) They were assigned to decode enemy messages.D) They were good at breaking enemy secret codes.11. A) Important battles fought in the Pacific War.B) Decoding of secret messages in war times.C) A military code that was never broken.D) Navajo Indians' contribution to code breaking.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. A) All services will be personalized.B) A lot of knowledge-intensive jobs will be replaced.C) Technology will revolutionize all sectors of industry.D) More information will be available.13. A) In the robotics industry.B) In the information service.C) In the personal care sector.D) In high-end manufacturing.14. A) They charge high prices.B) They need lots of training.C) They cater to the needs of young people.D) They focus on customers' specific needs.15. A) The rising demand in education and healthcare in the next 20 years.B) The disruption caused by technology in traditionally well-paid jobs.C) The tremendous changes new technology will bring to people's lives.D) The amazing amount of personal attention people would like to have.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. A) It was the longest road in ancient Egypt.B) It was constructed some 500 years ago.C) It lay 8 miles from the monument sites.D) It linked a stone pit to some waterways.17. A) Saws used for cutting stone.B) Traces left by early explorers.C) An ancient geographical map.D) Some stone tool segments.18. A) To transport stones to block floods.B) To provide services for the stone pit.C) To link the various monument sites.D) To connect the villages along the Nile.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) Dr. Gong didn't give him any conventional tests.B) Dr. Gong marked his office with a hand-painted sign.C) Dr. Gong didn't ask him any questions about his pain.D) Dr. Gong slipped in needles where he felt no pain.20. A) He had heard of the wonders acupuncture could work.B) Dr. Gong was very famous in New York's Chinatown.C) Previous medical treatments failed to relieve his pain.D) He found the expensive medical tests unaffordable.21. A) More and more patients ask for the treatment.B) Acupuncture techniques have been perfected.C) It doesn't need the conventional medical tests.D) It does not have any negative side effects.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.22. A) They were on the verge of breaking up.B) They were compatible despite differences.C) They quarreled a lot and never resolved their arguments.D) They argued persistently about whether to have children.23. A) Neither of them has any brothers or sisters.B) Neither of them won their parents' favor.C) They weren't spoiled in their childhood.D) They didn't like to be the apple of their parents' eyes.24. A) They are usually good at making friends.B) They tend to be adventurous and creative.C) They are often content with what they have.D) They tend to be self-assured and responsible.25. A) They enjoy making friends.B) They tend to be well adjusted.C) They are least likely to take initiative.D) They usually have successful marriages.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Scientists scanning and mapping the Giza pyramids say they've discovered that the Great Pyramid of Giza is not exactly even. But really not by much. This pyramid is the oldest of the world's Seven Wonders. The pyramid's exact size has 26 experts for centuries, as the "more than 21 acres of hard, white casing stones" that originally covered it were 27 long ago. Reporting in the most recent issue of the newsletter "AERAGRAM," which 28 the work of the Ancient Egypt Research Associates, engineer Glen Dash says his team used a new measuring approach that involved finding any surviving 29 of the casing in order to determine where the original edge was. They found the east side of the pyramid to be a 30 of 5.5 inches shorter than the west side.The question that most 31 him, however, isn't how the Egyptians who designed and built the pyramid got it wrong 4,500 years ago, but how they got it so close to 32 . "We can only speculate as to how the Egyptians could have laid out these lines with such 33 using only the tools they had," Dash writes. He says his 34 is that the Egyptians laid out their design on a grid, noting that the great pyramid is oriented only 35 away from the cardinal directions (its north-south axis runs 3 minutes 54 seconds west of due north, while its east-west axis runs 3 minutes 51 seconds north of due east)—an amount that's "tiny, but similar," archeologist Atlas Obscura points out.A) chronicles B) complete C) established D) fascinates E) hypothesis F) maximum G) momentum H) mysteriously I) perfect J) precision K) puzzled L) remnants M) removed N) revelations O) slightlySection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Peer Pressure Has a Positive SideA) Parents of teenagers often view their children's friends with something like suspicion. They worry that the adolescent peer group has the power to push its members into behavior that is foolish and even dangerous. Such wariness is well founded: statistics show, for example, that a teenage driver with a same-age passenger in the car is at higher risk of a fatal crash than an adolescent driving alone or with an adult.B) In a 2005 study, psychologist Laurence Steinberg of Temple University and his co-author, psychologist Margo Gardner, then at Temple, divided 306 people into three age groups: young adolescents, with a mean age of 14; older adolescents, with a mean age of 19; and adults, aged 24 and older. Subjects played a computerized driving game in which the player must avoid crashing into a wall that materializes, without warning, on the roadway. Steinberg and Gardnerrandomly assigned some participants to play alone or with two same-age peers looking on.C) Older adolescents scored about 50 percent higher on an index of risky driving when their peers were in the room—and the driving of early adolescents was fully twice as reckless when other young teens were around. In contrast, adults behaved in similar ways regardless of whether they were on their own or observed by others. "The presence of peers makes adolescents and youth, but not adults, more likely to take risks," Steinberg and Gardner concluded.D) Yet in the years following the publication of this study, Steinberg began to believe that this interpretation did not capture the whole picture. As he and other researchers examined the question of why teens were more apt to take risks in the company of other teenagers, they came to suspect that a crowd's influence need not always be negative. Now some experts are proposing that we should take advantage of the teen brain's keen sensitivity to the presence of friends and leverage it to improve education.E) In a 2011 study, Steinberg and his colleagues turned to functional MRI (磁共振) to investigate how the presence of peers affects the activity in the adolescent brain. They scanned the brains of 40 teens and adults who were playing a virtual driving game designed to test whether players would brake at a yellow light or speed on through the crossroad.F) The brains of teenagers, but not adults, showed greater activity in two regions associated with rewards when they were being observed by same-age peers than when alone. In other words, rewards are more intense for teens when they are with peers, which motivates them to pursue higher-risk experiences that might bring a big payoff (such as the thrill of just making the light before it turns red). But Steinberg suspected this tendency could also have its advantages. In his latest experiment, published online in August, Steinberg and his colleagues used a computerized version of a card game called the Iowa Gambling Task to investigate how the presence of peers affects the way young people gather and apply information.G) The results: Teens who played the Iowa Gambling Task under the eyes of fellow adolescents engaged in more exploratory behavior, learned faster from both positive and negative outcomes, and achieved better performance on the task than those who played in solitude. "What our study suggests is that teenagers learn more quickly and more effectively when their peers are present than when they're on their own," Steinberg says. And this finding could have important implications for how we think about educating adolescents.H) Matthew D. Lieberman, a social cognitive neuroscientist at the University of California, Los Angeles, and author of the 2013 book Social: Why Our Brains Are Wired to Connect, suspects that the human brain is especially skillful at learning socially significant information. He points to a classic 2004 study in which psychologists at Dartmouth College and Harvard University used functional MRI to track brain activity in 17 young men as they listened to descriptions of people while concentrating on either socially relevant cues (for example, trying to form an impression of a person based on the description) or more socially neutral information (such as noting the order of details in the description). The descriptions were the same in each condition, but people could better remember these statements when given a social motivation.I) The study also found that when subjects thought about and later recalled descriptions in terms of their informational content, regions associated with factual memory, such as the medial temporal lobe, became active. But thinking about or remembering descriptions in terms of their social meaning activated the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex—part of the brain's social network—even as traditional memory regions registered low levels of activity. More recently, ashe reported in a 2012 review, Lieberman has discovered that this region may be part of a distinct network involved in socially motivated learning and memory. Such findings, he says, suggest that "this network can be called on to process and store the kind of information taught in school—potentially giving students access to a range of untapped mental powers."J) If humans are generally geared to recall details about one another, this pattern is probably even more powerful among teenagers who are very attentive to social details: who is in, who is out, who likes whom, who is mad at whom. Their desire for social drama is not—or not only—a way of distracting themselves from their schoolwork or of driving adults crazy. It is actually a neurological (神经的) sensitivity, initiated by hormonal changes. Evolutionarily speaking, people in this age group are at a stage in which they can prepare to find a mate and start their own family while separating from parents and striking out on their own. To do this successfully, their brain prompts them to think and even obsess about others.K) Yet our schools focus primarily on students as individual entities. What would happen if educators instead took advantage of the fact that teens are powerfully compelled to think in social terms? In Social, Lieberman lays out a number of ways to do so. History and English could be presented through the lens of the psychological drives of the people involved. One could therefore present Napoleon in terms of his desire to impress or Churchill in terms of his lonely gloom. Less inherently interpersonal subjects, such as math, could acquire a social aspect through team problem solving and peer tutoring. Research shows that when we absorb information in order to teach it to someone else, we learn it more accurately and deeply, perhaps in part because we are engaging our social cognition.L) And although anxious parents may not welcome the notion, educators could turn adolescent recklessness to academic ends. "Risk taking in an educational context is a vital skill that enables progress and creativity," wrote Sarah-Jayne Blakemore, a cognitive neuroscientist at University College London, in a review published last year. Yet, she noted, many young people are especially unwilling to take risks at school—afraid that one low test score or poor grade could cost them a spot at a selective university. We should assure such students that risk, and even peer pressure, can be a good thing—as long as it happens in the classroom and not in the car.36. It is thought probable that the human brain is particularly good at picking up socially important information.37. It can be concluded from experiments that the presence of peers increases risk-taking by adolescents and youth.38. Students should be told that risk-taking in the classroom can be something positive.39. The urge of finding a mate and getting married accounts for adolescents' greater attention to social interactions.40. According to Steinberg, the presence of peers increases the speed and effectiveness of teenagers' learning.41. Teenagers' parents are often concerned about negative peer influence.42. Activating the brain's social network involved in socially motivated learning and memory may allow students to tap unused mental powers.43. The presence of peers intensifies the feeling of rewards in teens' brains.44. When we absorb information for the purpose of imparting it to others, we do so with greater accuracy and depth.45. Some experts are suggesting that we turn peer influence to good use in education.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.The Ebro Delta, in Spain, famous as a battleground during the Spanish Civil War, is now the setting for a different contest, one that is pitting rice farmers against two enemies: the rice-eating giant apple snail, and rising sea levels. What happens here will have a bearing on the future of European rice production and the overall health of southern European wetlands.Located on the Mediterranean just two hours south of Barcelona, the Ebro Delta produces 120 million kilograms of rice a year, making it one of the continent's most important rice-growing areas. As the sea creeps into these fresh-water marshes, however, rising salinity (盐分) is hampering rice production. At the same time, this sea-water also kills off the greedy giant apple snail, an introduced pest that feeds on young rice plants. The most promising strategy has become to harness one foe against the other.The battle is currently being waged on land, in greenhouses at the University of Barcelona. Scientists working under the banner "Project Neurice" are seeking varieties of rice that can withstand the increasing salinity without losing the absorbency that makes European rice ideal for traditional Spanish and Italian dishes."The project has two sides," says Xavier Serrat, Neurice project manager and researcher at the University of Barcelona, "the short-term fight against the snail, and a mid-to long-term fight against climate change. But the snail has given the project greater urgency."Originally from South America, the snails were accidentally introduced into the Ebro Delta by Global Aquatic Technologies, a company that raised the snails for fresh-water aquariums (水族馆), but failed to prevent their escape. For now, the giant apple snail's presence in Europe is limited to the Ebro Delta. But the snail continues its march to new territory, says Serrat. "The question is not whether it will reach other rice-growing areas of Europe, but when."Over the next year and a half investigators will test the various strains of salt-tolerant rice they've bred. In 2018, farmers will plant the varieties with the most promise in the Ebro Delta and Europe's other two main rice-growing regions—along the Po in Italy, and France's Rhone. A season in the field will help determine which, if any, of the varieties are ready for commercialization.As an EU-funded effort, the search for salt-tolerant varieties of rice is taking place in all three countries. Each team is crossbreeding a local European short-grain rice with a long-grain Asian variety that carries the salt-resistant gene. The scientists are breeding successive generations to arrive at varieties that incorporate salt tolerance but retain about 97 percent of the European rice genome (基因组).46. Why does the author mention the Spanish Civil War at the beginning of the passage?A) It had great impact on the life of Spanish rice farmers.B) It is of great significance in the records of Spanish history.C) Rice farmers in the Ebro Delta are waging a battle of similar importance.D) Rice farmers in the Ebro Delta are experiencing as hard a time as in the war.47. What may be the most effective strategy for rice farmers to employ in fighting their enemies?A) Striking the weaker enemy first.B) Killing two birds with one stone.C) Eliminating the enemy one by one.D) Using one evil to combat the other.48. What do we learn about "Project Neurice"?A) Its goals will have to be realized at a cost.B) It aims to increase the yield of Spanish rice.C) Its immediate priority is to bring the pest under control.D) It tries to kill the snails with the help of climate change.49. What does Neurice project manager say about the giant apple snail?A) It can survive only on southern European wetlands.B) It will invade other rice-growing regions of Europe.C) It multiplies at a speed beyond human imagination.D) It was introduced into the rice fields on purpose.50. What is the ultimate goal of the EU-funded program?A) Cultivating ideal salt-resistant rice varieties.B) Increasing the absorbency of the Spanish rice.C) Introducing Spanish rice to the rest of Europe.D) Popularizing the rice crossbreeding technology.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Photography was once an expensive, laborious ordeal reserved for life's greatest milestones. Now, the only apparent cost to taking infinite photos of something as common as a meal is the space on your hard drive and your dining companion's patience.But is there another cost, a deeper cost, to documenting a life experience instead of simply enjoying it? "You hear that you shouldn't take all these photos and interrupt the experience, and it's bad for you, and we're not living in the present moment," says Kristin Diehl, associate professor of marketing at the University of Southern California Marshall School of Business.Diehl and her fellow researchers wanted to find out if that was true, so they embarked on a series of nine experiments in the lab and in the field testing people's enjoyment in the presence or absence of a camera. The results, published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, surprised them. Taking photos actually makes people enjoy what they're doing more, not less. "What we find is you actually look at the world slightly differently, because you're looking for things you want to capture, that you may want to hang onto," Diehl explains. "That gets people more engaged in the experience, and they tend to enjoy it more."Take sightseeing. In one experiment, nearly 200 participants boarded a double-decker bus for a tour of Philadelphia. Both bus tours forbade the use of cell phones but one tour provided digital cameras and encouraged people to take photos. The people who took photos enjoyed theexperience significantly more, and said they were more engaged, than those who didn't. Snapping a photo directs attention, which heightens the pleasure you get from whatever you're looking at, Diehl says. It works for things as boring as archaeological (考古的) museums, where people were given eye-tracking glasses and instructed either to take photos or not. "People look longer at things they want to photograph," Diehl says. They report liking the exhibits more, too. To the relief of Instagrammers (Instagram用户) everywhere, it can even make meals more enjoyable. When people were encouraged to take at least three photos while they ate lunch, they were more immersed in their meals than those who weren't told to take photos.Was it the satisfying click of the camera? The physical act of the snap? No, they found; just the act of planning to take a photo—and not actually taking it—had the same joy-boosting effect. "If you want to take mental photos, that works the same way," Diehl says. "Thinking about what you would want to photograph also gets you more engaged."51. What does the author say about photo-taking in the past?A) It was a painstaking effort for recording life's major events.B) It was a luxury that only a few wealthy people could enjoy.C) It was a good way to preserve one's precious images.D) It was a skill that required lots of practice to master.52. Kristin Diehl conducted a series of experiments on photo-taking to find out _______.A) what kind of pleasure it would actually bring to photo-takersB) whether people enjoyed it when they did sightseeingC) how it could help to enrich people's life experiencesD) whether it prevented people enjoying what they were doing53. What do the results of Diehl's experiments show about people taking pictures?A) They are distracted from what they are doing.B) They can better remember what they see or do.C) They are more absorbed in what catches their eye.D) They can have a better understanding of the world.54. What is found about museum visitors with the aid of eye-tracking glasses?A) They come out with better photographs of the exhibits.B) They focus more on the exhibits when taking pictures.C) They have a better view of what are on display.D) They follow the historical events more easily.55. What do we learn from the last paragraph?A) It is better to make plans before taking photos.B) Mental photos can be as beautiful as snapshots.C) Photographers can derive great joy from the click of the camera.D) Even the very thought of taking a photo can have a positive effect.过去，拥有一辆私家车对大部分中国人而言是件奢侈的事。
2018年6月英语六级听力真题及原文答案(第一套)
2018年6月英语六级听力真题及原文答案（第一套全）Section AConversation 1：M：1.Tonight we have a special guest from the local establishment the Prage Cafe。
Welcome。
W：Hi，thanks for have a meal on your show。
M：Thank you for joining us。
So please tell us why do decide to open a cafe。
W：Well，we saw the opportunity to offer something a little special and different from other establishments。
Cafe certainly is a very competitive market sector。
2.There are more than plenty in our city，and we thought they are all rather similar to each other。
Wouldn’t you agree？M：Certainly yes。
So how is your establishment any different？W：Well, since people we have rabbits wandering freely on the place；our customers come in and enjoy their food and drinks，while a little rabbit playing on their legs。
There is no other place like it。
M：That’s amazing。
How do you come up with the idea？W：So we thought why not rabbit？People love the rabbits，they are very cute animals。
2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及详细答案(第一套)
2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷详细答案（一）目录2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷详细答案（一） (1)2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷（一） (50)快速对答案 (65)Part I Writing (30 minutes) (请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)Directions: For this part,you are allowed30minutes to write an essay on the importance of building trust between employers and employees.You can cite examples to illustrate your views.you should write at least150words but no more than200words.【解析】写作题考察了同学们的写作能力，要求在30分钟内完成，时间有限，因此在备战英语四级的时候，平时应积累一些模版，多背一些精彩的句子，在平时的练习中，应该在20分钟内完成一篇不少于150词的作文，下面给出以下几点建议：一，写作中，字体要工整，改卷老师在批改四级作文的时候，由于任务量大，再加上批改时视觉疲劳，不可能对每一篇作文都看得那么仔细，有时候就凭卷面的第一印象打分，因此字体美观大方能提高作文的分数；二，注意段落结构，写作时，应带有题目，一般分三段进行，第一段总体概述，引出正文，第二段详细阐述文档内容，要分条理进行，比如，firstly，secondly，等，正文一般4-6句话阐述完毕，第三段总结正文部分，回归主题。
三，写作要注重语法结构，不要出现明显的语法错误，否则扣分较多，影响总体成绩。
四，遇到不会写的词，要用其他相关的词语表达。
Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you heara question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
2018年6月英语六级听力真题及原文答案(第一套)
2018年6月英语六级听力真题及原文答案（第一套全）Section AConversation 1：M：1.Tonight we have a special guest from the local establishment the Prage Cafe。
Welcome。
W：Hi，thanks for have a meal on your show。
M：Thank you for joining us。
So please tell us why do decide to open a cafe。
W：Well，we saw the opportunity to offer something a little special and different from other establishments。
Cafe certainly is a very competitive market sector。
2.There are more than plenty in our city，and we thought they are all rather similar to each other。
Wouldn’t you agree？M：Certainly yes。
So how is your establishment any different？W：Well, since people we have rabbits wandering freely on the place；our customers come in and enjoy their food and drinks，while a little rabbit playing on their legs。
There is no other place like it。
M：That’s amazing。
How do you come up with the idea？W：So we thought why not rabbit？People love the rabbits，they are very cute animals。
20186月英语六级考试真题试卷附答案(完整版第1套)
2018年6月英语六级考试真题试卷附答案（第1套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance ofbuilding trust between employers and employees. You can cite examples to illustrate yourviews. You should write at least 150 words but n o more than 200 words._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)听力音频MP3文件，点击进入听力真题页面Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will bespoken only once. After you h ear a question, you must choose the best answer from the fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on A nswer Sheet 1 witha single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard .1. A) It is a typical salad.B) It is a Spanish soup.C) It is a weird vegetable.D) It is a kind of spicy food.2. A) To make it thicker.B) To make it more nutritious.C) To add to its appeal.D) To replace an ingredient.3. A) It contains very little fat.B) It uses olive oil in cooking.C) It uses no artificial additives.D) It is mainly made of vegetables.4. A) It does not go stale for two years.B) It takes no special skill to prepare.C) It comes from a special kind of pig.D) It is a delicacy blended with bread.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard .5. A) They come in a great variety.B) They do not make decent gifts.C) They do not vary much in price.D) They go well with Italian food.6. A) $30- $40.B) $40- $50.C) $50- $60.D) Around $ 150.7. A) They are a healthy choice for elderly people.B) They are especially popular among Italians.C) They symbolize good health and longevity.D) They go well with different kinds of food.8. A) It is a wine imported from California.B) It is less spicy than all other red wines.C) It is far more expensive than he expected.D) It is Italy's most famous type of red wine.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you willhear three or four questions. Both the pa ssage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices ma rked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answe r Sheet 1 with a single line throughthe centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A) Learning others' secrets.B) Searching for information.C) Decoding secret messages.D) Spreading sensational news.10. A) They helped the U. S. army in World War Ⅱ.B) They could write down spoken codes promptly.C) They were assigned to decode enemy messages.D) They were good at breaking enemy secret codes.11. A) Important battles fought in the Pacific War.B) Decoding of secret messages in war times.C) A military code that was never broken.D) Navajo Indians' contribution to code breaking.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. A) All services will be personalized.B) A lot of knowledge-intensive jobs will be replaced.C) Technology will revolutionize all sectors of industry.D) More information will be available.13. A) In the robotics industry.B) In the information service.C) In the personal care sector.D) In high-end manufacturing.14. A) They charge high prices.B) They need lots of training.C) They cater to the needs of young people.D) They focus on customers' specific needs.15. A) The rising demand in education and healthcare in the next 20 years.B) The disruption caused by technology in traditionally well-paid jobs.C) The tremendous changes new technology will bring to people's lives.D) The amazing amount of personal attention people would like to hav e.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectur es or talks followed by threeor four questions. The recordings willbe played only once. After you hear a question, you mustchoose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then m ark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line thr ough centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. A) It was the longest road in ancient Egypt.B) It was constructed some 500 years ago.C) It lay 8 miles from the monument sites.D) It linked a stone pit to some waterways.17. A) Saws used for cutting stone.B) Traces left by early explorers.C) An ancient geographical map.D) Some stone tool segments.18. A) To transport stones to block floods.B) To provide services for the stone pit.C) To link the various monument sites.D) To connect the villages along the Nile.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) Dr. Gong didn't give him any conventional tests.B) Dr. Gong marked his office with a hand-painted sign.C) Dr. Gong didn't ask him any questions about his pain.D) Dr. Gong slipped in needles where he felt no pain.20. A) He had heard of the wonders acupuncture could work.B) Dr. Gong was very famous in New York's Chinatown.C) Previous medical treatments failed to relieve his pain.D) He found the expensive medical tests unaffordable.21. A) More and more patients ask for the treatment.B) Acupuncture techniques have been perfected.C) It doesn't need the conventional medical tests.D) It does not have any negative side effects.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.22. A) They were on the verge of breaking up.B) They were compatible despite differences.C) They quarreled a lot and never resolved their arguments.D) They argued persistently about whether to have children.23. A) Neither of them has any brothers or sisters.B) Neither of them won their parents' favor.C) They weren't spoiled in their childhood.D) They didn't like to be the apple of their parents' eyes.24. A) They are usually good at making friends.B) They tend to be adventurous and creative.C) They are often content with what they have.D) They tend to be self-assured and responsible.25. A) They enjoy making friends.B) They tend to be well adjusted.C) They are least likely to take initiative.D) They usually have successful marriages.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Eachchoice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Scientists scanning and mapping the Giza pyramids say they've discovered that the Great Pyramid of Giza is not exactly even. But really not by much. This pyramid is the oldest of the world's Seven Wonders. The pyramid's exact size has 26 experts for centuries, as the "more than 21 acres of hard, white casing stones" that originally covered it were 27 long ago. Reporting in the most recent issue of the newsletter "AERAGRAM," which 28 the work of the Ancient Egypt Research Associates, engineer Glen Dash says his team used a new measuring approach that involved finding any surviving 29 of the casing in order to determine where the original edge was. They found the east side of the pyramid to be a 30 of 5.5 inches shorter than the west side.The question that most 31 him, however, isn't how the Egyptians who designed and built the pyramid got it wrong 4,500 years ago, but how they got it so close to 32 . "We can only speculate as to how the Egyptians could have laid out these lines with such 33 using only the tools they had," Dash writes. He says his 34 is that the Egyptians laid out their design on a grid, noting that the great pyramid is oriented only 35 away from the cardinal directions (its north-south axis runs 3 minutes 54 seconds west of due north, while its east-west axis runs 3 minutes 51 seconds north of due east)—an amount that's "tiny, but similar," archeologist Atlas Obscura points out.A) chronicles B) complete C) established D) fascinates E) hypothesis F) maximum G) momentum H) mysteriously I) perfect J) precision K) puzzled L) remnants M) removed N) revelations O) slightlySection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Peer Pressure Has a Positive SideA) Parents of teenagers often view their children's friends with something like suspicion. They worry that the adolescent peer group has the power to push its members into behavior that is foolish and even dangerous. Such wariness is well founded: statistics show, for example, that a teenage driver with a same-age passenger in the car is at higher risk of a fatal crash than an adolescent driving alone or with an adult.B) In a 2005 study, psychologist Laurence Steinberg of Temple University and his co-author, psychologist Margo Gardner, then at Temple, divided 306 people into three age groups: young adolescents, with a mean age of 14; older adolescents, with a mean age of 19; and adults, aged 24 and older. Subjects played a computerized driving game in which the player must avoid crashing into a wall that materializes, without warning, on the roadway. Steinberg and Gardner randomly assigned some participants to play alone or with two same-age peers looking on.C) Older adolescents scored about 50 percent higher on an index of risky driving when their peers were in the room—and the driving of early adolescents was fully twice as reckless when other young teens were around. In contrast, adults behaved in similar ways regardless of whether they were on their own or observed by others. "The presence of peers makes adolescents and youth, but not adults, more likely to take risks," Steinberg and Gardner concluded.D) Yet in the years following the publication of this study, Steinberg began to believe that this interpretation did not capture the whole picture. As he and other researchers examined the question of why teens were more apt to take risks in the company of other teenagers, they came to suspect that a crowd's influence need not always be negative. Now some experts are proposing that we should take advantage of the teen brain's keen sensitivity to the presence of friends and leverage it to improve education.E) In a 2011 study, Steinberg and his colleagues turned to functional MRI (磁共振) to investigate how the presence of peers affects the activity in the adolescent brain. They scanned the brains of 40 teens and adults who were playing a virtual driving game designed to test whether players would brake at a yellow light or speed on through the crossroad.F) The brains of teenagers, but not adults, showed greater activity in two regions associated with rewards when they were being observed by same-age peers than when alone. In other words, rewards are more intense for teens when they are with peers, which motivates them to pursue higher-risk experiences that might bring a big payoff (such as the thrill of just making the light before it turns red). But Steinberg suspected this tendency could also have its advantages. In his latest experiment, published online in August, Steinberg and his colleagues used a computerized version of a card game called the Iowa Gambling Task to investigate how the presence of peers affects the way young people gather and apply information.G) The results: Teens who played the Iowa Gambling Task under the eyes of fellow adolescents engaged in more exploratory behavior, learned faster from both positive and negative outcomes, and achieved better performance on the task than those who played in solitude. "What our study suggests is that teenagers learn more quickly and more effectively when their peers are present than when they're on their own,"Steinberg says. And this finding could have important implications for how we think about educating adolescents.H) Matthew D. Lieberman, a social cognitive neuroscientist at the University of California, Los Angeles, and author of the 2013 book Social: Why Our Brains Are Wired to Connect, suspects that the human brain is especially skillful at learning socially significant information. He points to a classic 2004 study in which psychologists at Dartmouth College and Harvard University used functional MRI to track brain activity in 17 young men as they listened to descriptions of people while concentrating on either socially relevant cues (for example, trying to form an impression of a person based on the description) or more socially neutral information (such as noting the order of details in the description). The descriptions were the same in each condition, but people could better remember these statements when given a social motivation.I) The study also found that when subjects thought about and later recalled descriptions in terms of their informational content, regions associated with factual memory, such as the medial temporal lobe, became active. But thinking about or remembering descriptions in terms of their social meaning activated the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex—part of the brain's social network—even as traditional memory regions registered low levels of activity. More recently, as he reported in a 2012 review, Lieberman has discovered that this region may be part of a distinct network involved in socially motivated learning and memory. Such findings, he says, suggest that "this network can be called on to process and store the kind of information taught in school—potentially giving students access to a range of untapped mental powers."J) If humans are generally geared to recall details about one another, this pattern is probably even more powerful among teenagers who are very attentive to social details: who is in, who is out, who likes whom, who is mad at whom. Their desire for social drama is not—or not only—a way of distracting themselves from their schoolwork or of driving adults crazy. It is actually a neurological (神经的) sensitivity, initiated by hormonal changes. Evolutionarily speaking, people in this age group are at a stage in which they can prepare to find a mate and start their own family while separating from parents and striking out on their own. To do this successfully, their brain prompts them to think and even obsess about others. K) Yet our schools focus primarily on students as individual entities. What would happen if educators instead took advantage of the fact that teens are powerfully compelled to think in social terms? In Social, Lieberman lays out a number of ways to do so. History and English could be presented through the lens of the psychological drives of the people involved. One could therefore present Napoleon in terms of his desire to impress or Churchill in terms of his lonely gloom. Less inherently interpersonal subjects, such as math, could acquire a social aspect through teamproblem solving and peer tutoring. Research shows that when we absorb information in order to teach it to someone else, we learn it more accurately and deeply, perhaps in part because we are engaging our social cognition.L) And although anxious parents may not welcome the notion, educators could turn adolescent recklessness to academic ends. "Risk taking in an educational context is a vital skill that enables progress and creativity," wrote Sarah-Jayne Blakemore, a cognitive neuroscientist at University College London, in a review published last year. Yet, she noted, many young people are especially unwilling to take risks at school—afraid that one low test score or poor grade could cost them a spot at a selective university. We should assure such students that risk, and even peer pressure, can be a good thing—as long as it happens in the classroom and not in the car.36. It is thought probable that the human brain is particularly good at picking up socially important information.37. It can be concluded from experiments that the presence of peers increases risk-taking by adolescents and youth.38. Students should be told that risk-taking in the classroom can be something positive.39. The urge of finding a mate and getting married accounts for adolescents' greater attention to social interactions.40. According to Steinberg, the presence of peers increases the speed and effectiveness of teenagers' learning.41. Teenagers' parents are often concerned about negative peer influence.42. Activating the brain's social network involved in socially motivated learning and memory may allow students to tap unused mental powers.43. The presence of peers intensifies the feeling of rewards in teens' brains.44. When we absorb information for the purpose of imparting it to others, we do so with greater accuracy and depth.45. Some experts are suggesting that we turn peer influence to good use in education. Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.The Ebro Delta, in Spain, famous as a battleground during the Spanish Civil War, is now the setting for a different contest, one that is pitting rice farmers againsttwo enemies: the rice-eating giant apple snail, and rising sea levels. What happens here will have a bearing on the future of European rice production and the overall health of southern European wetlands.Located on the Mediterranean just two hours south of Barcelona, the Ebro Delta produces 120 million kilograms of rice a year, making it one of the continent's most important rice-growing areas. As the sea creeps into these fresh-water marshes, however, rising salinity (盐分) is hampering rice production. At the same time, this sea-water also kills off the greedy giant apple snail, an introduced pest that feeds on young rice plants. The most promising strategy has become to harness one foe against the other.The battle is currently being waged on land, in greenhouses at the University of Barcelona. Scientists working under the banner "Project Neurice" are seeking varieties of rice that can withstand the increasing salinity without losing the absorbency that makes European rice ideal for traditional Spanish and Italian dishes."The project has two sides," says Xavier Serrat, Neurice project manager and researcher at the University of Barcelona, "the short-term fight against the snail, and a mid- to long-term fight against climate change. But the snail has given the project greater urgency."Originally from South America, the snails were accidentally introduced into the Ebro Delta by Global Aquatic Technologies, a company that raised the snails for fresh-water aquariums (水族馆), but failed to prevent their escape. For now, the giant apple snail's presence in Europe is limited to the Ebro Delta. But the snail continues its march to new territory, says Serrat. "The question is not whether it will reach other rice-growing areas of Europe, but when."Over the next year and a half investigators will test the various strains of salt-tolerant rice they've bred. In 2018, farmers will plant the varieties with the most promise in the Ebro Delta and Europe's other two main rice-growing regions—along the Po in Italy, and France's Rhone. A season in the field will help determine which, if any, of the varieties are ready for commercialization.As an EU-funded effort, the search for salt-tolerant varieties of rice is taking place in all three countries. Each team is crossbreeding a local European short-grain rice with a long-grain Asian variety that carries the salt-resistant gene. The scientists are breeding successive generations to arrive at varieties that incorporate salt tolerance but retain about 97 percent of the European rice genome (基因组).46. Why does the author mention the Spanish Civil War at the beginning of the passage?A) It had great impact on the life of Spanish rice farmers.B) It is of great significance in the records of Spanish history.C) Rice farmers in the Ebro Delta are waging a battle of similar importance.D) Rice farmers in the Ebro Delta are experiencing as hard a time as in the war.47. What may be the most effective strategy for rice farmers to employ in fighting their enemies?A) Striking the weaker enemy first.B) Killing two birds with one stone.C) Eliminating the enemy one by one.D) Using one evil to combat the other.48. What do we learn about "Project Neurice"?A) Its goals will have to be realized at a cost.B) It aims to increase the yield of Spanish rice.C) Its immediate priority is to bring the pest under control.D) It tries to kill the snails with the help of climate change.49. What does Neurice project manager say about the giant apple snail?A) It can survive only on southern European wetlands.B) It will invade other rice-growing regions of Europe.C) It multiplies at a speed beyond human imagination.D) It was introduced into the rice fields on purpose.50. What is the ultimate goal of the EU-funded program?A) Cultivating ideal salt-resistant rice varieties.B) Increasing the absorbency of the Spanish rice.C) Introducing Spanish rice to the rest of Europe.D) Popularizing the rice crossbreeding technology.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Photography was once an expensive, laborious ordeal reserved for life's greatest milestones. Now, the only apparent cost to taking infinite photos of something as common as a meal is the space on your hard drive and your dining companion's patience. But is there another cost, a deeper cost, to documenting a life experience instead of simply enjoying it? "You hear that you shouldn't take all these photos and interrupt the experience, and it's bad for you, and we're not living in the present moment," says Kristin Diehl, associate professor of marketing at the University of Southern California Marshall School of Business.Diehl and her fellow researchers wanted to find out if that was true, so they embarked on a series of nine experiments in the lab and in the field testing people's enjoyment in the presence or absence of a camera. The results, published in the Journal ofPersonality and Social Psychology, surprised them. Taking photos actually makes people enjoy what they're doing more, not less."What we find is you actually look at the world slightly differently, because you're looking for things you want to capture, that you may want to hang onto," Diehl explains. "That gets people more engaged in the experience, and they tend to enjoy it more."Take sightseeing. In one experiment, nearly 200 participants boarded a double-decker bus for a tour of Philadelphia. Both bus tours forbade the use of cell phones but one tour provided digital cameras and encouraged people to take photos. The people who took photos enjoyed the experience significantly more, and said they were more engaged, than those who didn't.Snapping a photo directs attention, which heightens the pleasure you get from whatever you're looking at, Diehl says. It works for things as boring as archaeological (考古的) museums, where people were given eye-tracking glasses and instructed either to take photos or not. "People look longer at things they want to photograph," Diehl says. They report liking the exhibits more, too.To the relief of Instagrammers (Instagram用户) everywhere, it can even make meals more enjoyable. When people were encouraged to take at least three photos while they ate lunch, they were more immersed in their meals than those who weren't told to take photos.Was it the satisfying click of the camera? The physical act of the snap? No, they found; just the act of planning to take a photo—and not actually taking it—had the same joy-boosting effect. "If you want to take mental photos, that works the same way," Diehl says. "Thinking about what you would want to photograph also gets you more engaged."51. What does the author say about photo-taking in the past?A) It was a painstaking effort for recording life's major events.B) It was a luxury that only a few wealthy people could enjoy.C) It was a good way to preserve one's precious images.D) It was a skill that required lots of practice to master.52. Kristin Diehl conducted a series of experiments on photo-taking to find out _______.A) what kind of pleasure it would actually bring to photo-takersB) whether people enjoyed it when they did sightseeingC) how it could help to enrich people's life experiencesD) whether it prevented people enjoying what they were doing53. What do the results of Diehl's experiments show about people taking pictures?A) They are distracted from what they are doing.B) They can better remember what they see or do.C) They are more absorbed in what catches their eye.D) They can have a better understanding of the world.54. What is found about museum visitors with the aid of eye-tracking glasses?A) They come out with better photographs of the exhibits.B) They focus more on the exhibits when taking pictures.C) They have a better view of what are on display.D) They follow the historical events more easily.55. What do we learn from the last paragraph?A) It is better to make plans before taking photos.B) Mental photos can be as beautiful as snapshots.C) Photographers can derive great joy from the click of the camera.D) Even the very thought of taking a photo can have a positive effect.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.过去，拥有一辆私家车对大部分中国人而言是件奢侈的事。
2018年6月英语六级考试真题试卷附答案第一卷
2018年6月英语六级考试真题试卷附答案(完整版第1套)Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of building trust between employers and employees. You can cite examples to illustrate your views. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________The Importance of Building Trust BetweenEmployers and EmployeesIt is an undeniable fact that trust can lay a solid foundation for commercial activities. Therefore, b uilding trust between employers and employees plays a crucial role in boosting anorganization.To begin with, as the saying goes, the best bosses understand the art of delegation. If a bossbelieve s in his people and tries his best to delegate instead of micromanaging, this kind ofbelief can drive hi m to create an environment where employees would have more passion forwork and work more eff iciently. Next, with trust, employers and employees can achieve mutual consensus, build harmonio us cooperation and have effective communication, which is beneficial to creating a pleasant wor king atmosphere. In this way, not surprisingly, the two parties can directly promote the rapid progres s of the organization and indirectly spur continuous development of the individuals.Taking into account what we have discussed above，we may safely arrive at a conclusion thatit is sensible for both employers and employees to keep in mind that mutual trust contributesto realizing a win-win situation.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) It is a typical salad.B) It is a Spanish soup.C) It is a weird vegetable.D) It is a kind of spicy food.2. A) To make it thicker.更厚的、更粗的、更浓密的B) To make it more nutritious.C) To add to its appeal.D) To replace an ingredient.3. A) It contains very little fat.B) It uses olive oil in cooking.C) It uses no artificial additives.D) It is mainly made of vegetables.4. A) It does not go stale for two years.B) It takes no special skill to prepare.C) It comes from a special kind of pig.D) It is a delicacy blended with bread.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) They come in a great variety.B) They do not make decent正派的、体面的、得体的gifts.C) They do not vary much in price.D) They go well with Italian food.6. A) $30- $40.B) $40- $50.C) $50- $60.D) Around $ 150.7. A) They are a healthy choice for elderly people.B) They are especially popular among Italians.C) They symbolize good health and longevity.D) They go well with different kinds of food.8. A) It is a wine imported from California.B) It is less spicy than all other red wines.C) It is far more expensive than he expected.D) It is Italy's most famous type of red wine红葡萄酒.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A) Learning others' secrets.B) Searching for information.C) Decoding破译、解码、解密secret messages.D) Spreading sensational news.10. A) They helped the U. S. army in World War Ⅱ.B) They could write down spoken codes promptly.C) They were assigned to decode enemy messages.D) They were good at breaking enemy secret codes.11. A) Important battles fought in the Pacific War.B) Decoding of secret messages in war times.C) A military军事、军队code that was never broken.D) Navajo Indians' contribution to code breaking.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. A) All services will be personalized.B) A lot of knowledge-intensive密集、集中、加强jobs will be replaced.C) Technology will revolutionize all sectors of industry.D) More information will be available.13. A) In the robotics industry.B) In the information service.C) In the personal care sector.D) In high-end manufacturing.14. A) They charge收费、主管high prices.B) They need lots of training.C) They cater to the needs of young people.D) They focus on customers' specific needs.15. A) The rising demand in education and healthcare in the next 20 years.B) The disruption破坏、破裂、中断caused by technology in traditionally well-paid jobs.C) The tremendous changes new technology will bring to people's lives.D) The amazing amount of personal attention people would like to have.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. A) It was the longest road in ancient Egypt.B) It was constructed some 500 years ago.C) It lay 8 miles from the monument sites.D) It linked a stone pit采石场、石坑to some waterways水道、水路、水渠.17. A) Saws手锯、刀锯used for cutting切割stone.B) Traces left by early explorers.C) An ancient geographical map.D) Some stone tool segments.18. A) To transport stones to block floods.B) To provide services for the stone pit.C) To link the various monument sites.D) To connect the villages along the Nile.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) Dr. Gong didn't give him any conventional tests.B) Dr. Gong marked his office with a hand-painted sign.C) Dr. Gong didn't ask him any questions about his pain.D) Dr. Gong slipped in needles where he felt no pain没有痛苦、不痛.20. A) He had heard of the wonders acupuncture could work.B) Dr. Gong was very famous in New York's Chinatown.C) Previous medical treatments failed to未能relieve减轻his pain.D) He found the expensive medical tests unaffordable.21. A) More and more patients ask for the treatment治疗.B) Acupuncture techniques have been perfected.C) It doesn't need the conventional medical tests.D) It does not have any negative side effects.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.22. A) They were on the verge of breaking up.B) They were compatible despite differences.C) They quarreled吵架、争吵a lot and never resolved their arguments.D) They argued persistently about whether to have children.23. A) Neither of them has any brothers or sisters.B) Neither of them won their parents' favor.C) They weren't spoiled in their childhood.D) They didn't like to be the apple of their parents' eyes.24. A) They are usually good at making friends.B) They tend to be adventurous and creative.C) They are often content with what they have.D) They tend to be self-assured有自信的and responsible.25. A) They enjoy making friends.B) They tend to be well adjusted.C) They are least likely to take initiative.D) They usually have successful marriages.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Scientists scanning and mapping the Giza pyramids吉萨金字塔say they've discovered that the Great Pyramid of Giza is not exactly even. But really not by much. This pyramid is the oldest of the world's Seven Wonders. The pyramid's exact size has K26puzzled experts for centuries, as the "more than 21 acres of hard, white casing stones" that originally covered it were M27removed long ago. Reporting in the most recent issue of the newsletter时事通讯"AERAGRAM," which A28chronicles历代志、编年史 the work of the Ancient Egypt埃及Research Associates, engineer Glen Dash says his team used a new measuring approach that involved finding any surviving L29remnants残存、剩余、幸存者 of the casing in order to determine where the original edge was. They found the east side of the pyramid to bea F30maximum of 5.5 inches shorter than the west side.The question that most D31fascinates him, however, isn't how the Egyptians who designed and built the pyramid got it wrong 4,500 years ago, but how they got it so close to I32 perfect . "We can only speculate 推测、推断as to how the Egyptians could have laid out 陈列、布局、喝醉、责骂these lines withsuch J33precision精密的、精确的 using only the tools they had," Dash writes. He says his E34hypothesis 假设、假定 is that the Egyptians laid out their design on a grid网格、栅格, noting注意、注释、做笔记that the great pyramid is oriented朝向、以……为方向only O35slightly稍微、轻微 away from the cardinal基本的、主要的、基数directions (its north-south axis runs 3 minutes 54 seconds west of due north正北, while its east-west axis runs 3 minutes 51 seconds north of due east)—an amount that's "tiny, but similar," archeologist Atlas Obscura points out.A) chronicles B) complete C) established D) fascinates E) hypothesis F) maximum G) momentum H) mysteriously I) perfect J) precision K) puzzled L) remnants M) removed N) revelations O) slightlySection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Peer Pressure Has a Positive SideA) Parents of teenagers often view their children's friends with something like suspicion. They worry that the adolescent peer group has the power to push its members into behavior that is foolish and even dangerous. Such wariness is well founded: statistics show, for example, that a teenage driver with a same-age passenger in the car is at higher risk of a fatal crash than an adolescent driving alone or with an adult.B) In a 2005 study, psychologist Laurence Steinberg of Temple University and his co-author, psychologist Margo Gardner, then at Temple, divided 306 people into three age groups: young adolescents, with a mean age of 14; older adolescents, with a mean age of 19; and adults, aged 24 and older. Subjects played a computerized driving game in which the player must avoid crashing into a wall that materializes, without warning, on the roadway. Steinberg and Gardner randomly assigned some participants to play alone or with two same-age peers looking on.C) Older adolescents scored about 50 percent higher on an index of risky driving when their peers were in the room—and the driving of early adolescents was fully twice as reckless when other young teens were around. In contrast, adults behaved in similar ways regardless of whether they were on their own or observed by others. "The presence of peers makes adolescents and youth, but not adults, more likely to take risks," Steinberg and Gardner concluded.D) Yet in the years following the publication of this study, Steinberg began to believe that this interpretation did not capture the whole picture. As he and other researchers examined the question of why teens were more apt to take risks in the company of other teenagers, they came to suspect that a crowd's influence need not always be negative. Now some experts are proposing that we should take advantage of the teen brain's keen sensitivity to the presence of friends and leverage it to improve education.E) In a 2011 study, Steinberg and his colleagues turned to functional MRI (磁共振) to investigate how the presence of peers affects the activity in the adolescent brain. They scanned the brains of 40 teens and adults who were playing a virtual driving game designed to test whether players would brake at a yellow light or speed on through the crossroad.F) The brains of teenagers, but not adults, showed greater activity in two regions associated with rewards when they were being observed by same-age peers than when alone. In other words, rewards are more intense for teens when they are with peers, which motivates them to pursue higher-risk experiences thatmight bring a big payoff (such as the thrill of just making the light before it turns red). But Steinberg suspected this tendency could also have its advantages. In his latest experiment, published online in August, Steinberg and his colleagues used a computerized version of a card game called the Iowa Gambling Task to investigate how the presence of peers affects the way young people gather and apply information.G) The results: Teens who played the Iowa Gambling Task under the eyes of fellow adolescents engaged in more exploratory behavior, learned faster from both positive and negative outcomes, and achieved better performance on the task than those who played in solitude. "What our study suggests is that teenagers learn more quickly and more effectively when their peers are present than when they're on their own," Steinberg says. And this finding could have important implications for how we think about educating adolescents.H) Matthew D. Lieberman, a social cognitive认知neuro神经scientist at the University of California, Los Angeles, and author of the 2013 book Social: Why Our Brains Are Wired连线的、连接的to Connect, suspects that the human brain is especially skillful at learning socially significant information. He points to a classic 2004 study in which psychologists at Dartmouth College and Harvard University used functional MRI to track brain activity in 17 young men as they listened to descriptions of people while concentrating on either socially relevant cues (for example, trying to form an impression of a person based on the description) or more socially neutral information (such as noting the order of details in the description). The descriptions were the same in each condition, but people could better remember these statements when given a social motivation.I) The study also found that when subjects thought about and later recalled descriptions in terms of their informational content, regions associated with factual memory, such as the medial temporal lobe, became active. But thinking about or remembering descriptions in terms of their social meaning activated the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex—part of the brain's social network—even as traditional memory regions registered low levels of activity. More recently, as he reported in a 2012 review, Lieberman has discovered that this region may be part of a distinct network involved in socially motivated learning and memory. Such findings, he says, suggest that "this network can be called on to process and store the kind of information taught in school—potentially giving students access to a range of untapped mental powers."J) If humans are generally geared to recall details about one another, this pattern is probably even more powerful among teenagers who are very attentive to social details: who is in, who is out, who likes whom, who is mad at whom. Their desire for social drama is not—or not only—a way of distracting themselves from their schoolwork or of driving adults crazy. It is actually a neurological (神经的) sensitivity, initiated by hormonal changes. Evolutionarily speaking, people in this age group are at a stage in which they can prepare to find a mate and start their own family while separating from parents and striking out on their own. To do this successfully, their brain prompts them to think and even obsess about others.K) Yet our schools focus primarily on students as individual entities. What would happen if educators instead took advantage of the fact that teens are powerfully compelled to think in social terms? In Social, Lieberman lays out a number of ways to do so. History and English could be presented through the lens of the psychological drives of the people involved. One could therefore present Napoleon in terms of his desire to impress or Churchill in terms of his lonely gloom. Less inherently interpersonal subjects, such as math, could acquire a social aspect through team problem solving and peer tutoring. Research shows that when we absorb information in order to teach it to someone else, we learn it more accurately and deeply, perhaps in part because we are engaging our social cognition.L) And although anxious parents may not welcome the notion, educators could turn adolescent recklessness to academic ends. "Risk taking in an educational context is a vital skill that enables progress and creativity," wrote Sarah-Jayne Blakemore, a cognitive neuroscientist at University College London, in a review published last year. Yet, she noted, many young people are especially unwilling to take risks at school—afraid that one low test score or poor grade could cost them a spot at a selective university. We should assure such students that risk, and even peer pressure, can be a good thing—as long as it happens in the classroom and not in the car.36. It is thought probable that the human brain人脑is particularly good at picking up socially important information.H37. It can be concluded from experiments that the presence of peers increases risk-taking by adolescents and youth.C38. Students should be told that risk-taking in the classroom can be something positive.L39. The urge of finding a mate and getting married accounts for adolescents' greater attention to social interactions.J40. According to Steinberg, the presence of peers increases the speed and effectiveness of teenagers' learning.G41. Teenagers' parents are often concerned about negative peer influence.A42. Activating the brain's social network involved in socially motivated learning and memory may allow students to tap unused mental powers.I43. The presence of peers intensifies the feeling of rewards in teens' brains.F44. When we absorb information for the purpose of imparting it to others, we do so with greater accuracy and depth.K45. Some experts are suggesting that we turn peer influence to good use in education.DSection CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.The Ebro Delta, in Spain, famous as a battleground during the Spanish Civil War, is now the setting for a different contest, one that is pitting rice farmers against two enemies: the rice-eating giant apple snail, and rising sea levels. What happens here will have a bearing on the future of European rice production and the overall health of southern European wetlands.Located on the Mediterranean just two hours south of Barcelona, the Ebro Delta produces 120 million kilograms of rice a year, making it one of the continent's most important rice-growing areas. As the sea creeps into these fresh-water marshes, however, rising salinity (盐分) is hampering rice production. At the same time, this sea-water also kills off the greedy giant apple snail, an introduced pest that feeds on young rice plants. The most promising strategy has become to harness one foe against the other.The battle is currently being waged on land, in greenhouses at the University of Barcelona. Scientists working under the banner "Project Neurice" are seeking varieties of rice that can withstand the increasing salinity without losing the absorbency that makes European rice ideal for traditional Spanish and Italian dishes."The project has two sides," says Xavier Serrat, Neurice project manager and researcher at the University of Barcelona, "the short-term fight against the snail, and a mid- to long-term fight against climate change. But the snail has given the project greater urgency."Originally from South America, the snails were accidentally introduced into the Ebro Delta by Global Aquatic Technologies, a company that raised the snails for fresh-water aquariums (水族馆), but failed to prevent their escape. For now, the giant apple snail's presence in Europe is limited to the Ebro Delta. But the snail continues its march to new territory, says Serrat. "The question is not whether it will reach other rice-growing areas of Europe, but when."Over the next year and a half investigators will test the various strains of salt-tolerant rice they've bred. In 2018, farmers will plant the varieties with the most promise in the Ebro Delta and Europe's other two main rice-growing regions—along the Po in Italy, and France's Rhone. A season in the field will help determine which, if any, of the varieties are ready for commercialization.As an EU-funded effort, the search for salt-tolerant varieties of rice is taking place in all three countries. Each team is crossbreeding a local European short-grain rice with a long-grain Asian variety that carries the salt-resistant gene. The scientists are breeding successive generations to arrive at varieties that incorporate salt tolerance but retain about 97 percent of the European rice genome (基因组).46. Why does the author mention the Spanish Civil War at the beginning of the passage?A) It had great impact on the life of Spanish rice farmers.B) It is of great significance in the records of Spanish history.C) Rice farmers in the Ebro Delta are waging发起、进行a battle of similar相似、类似importance.D) Rice farmers in the Ebro Delta are experiencing as hard a time as in the war.47. What may be the most effective strategy战略、策略for rice farmers to employ in fighting their enemies?A) Striking the weaker enemy first.B) Killing two birds with one stone.C) Eliminating the enemy one by one.D) Using one evil邪恶的、罪恶的、不幸的to combat战斗、防止、抑制the other.48. What do we learn about "Project Neurice"?A) Its goals will have to be realized at a cost.B) It aims to increase the yield of Spanish rice.C) Its immediate直接的、立即的priority优先的is to bring the pest害虫under control.D) It tries to kill the snails with the help of climate change.49. What does Neurice project manager say about the giant apple snail?A) It can survive only on southern European wetlands.B) It will invade 侵略、侵入other rice-growing regions of Europe.C) It multiplies at a speed beyond human imagination.D) It was introduced into the rice fields on purpose.50. What is the ultimate goal of the EU-funded program?A) Cultivating培养ideal salt-resistant抵抗咸水rice varieties品种、种类.B) Increasing the absorbency of the Spanish rice.C) Introducing Spanish rice to the rest of Europe.D) Popularizing the rice crossbreeding technology.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Photography was once an expensive, laborious ordeal reserved for life's greatest milestones. Now, the only apparent cost to taking infinite photos of something as common as a meal is the space on your hard drive and your dining companion's patience.But is there another cost, a deeper cost, to documenting a life experience instead of simply enjoying it? "You hear that you shouldn't take all these photos and interrupt the experience, and it's bad for you, and we're not living in the present moment," says Kristin Diehl, associate professor of marketing at the University of Southern California Marshall School of Business.Diehl and her fellow researchers wanted to find out if that was true, so they embarked on a series of nine experiments in the lab and in the field testing people's enjoyment in the presence or absence of a camera. The results, published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, surprised them. Taking photos actually makes people enjoy what they're doing more, not less."What we find is you actually look at the world slightly differently, because you're looking for things you want to capture, that you may want to hang onto," Diehl explains. "That gets people more engaged in the experience, and they tend to enjoy it more."Take sightseeing. In one experiment, nearly 200 participants boarded a double-decker bus for a tour of Philadelphia. Both bus tours forbade the use of cell phones but one tour provided digital cameras and encouraged people to take photos. The people who took photos enjoyed the experience significantly more, and said they were more engaged, than those who didn't.Snapping a photo directs attention, which heightens the pleasure you get from whatever you're looking at, Diehl says. It works for things as boring as archaeological (考古的) museums, where people were given eye-tracking glasses and instructed either to take photos or not. "People look longer at things they want to photograph," Diehl says. They report liking the exhibits more, too.To the relief of Instagrammers (Instagram用户) everywhere, it can even make meals more enjoyable. When people were encouraged to take at least three photos while they ate lunch, they were more immersed in their meals than those who weren't told to take photos.Was it the satisfying click of the camera? The physical act of the snap? No, they found; just the act of planning to take a photo—and not actually taking it—had the same joy-boosting effect. "If you want to take mental photos, that works the same way," Diehl says. "Thinking about what you would want to photograph also gets you more engaged."51. What does the author say about photo-taking in the past?A) It was a painstaking辛勤的、辛苦的effort for recording记录、录制life's major events.B) It was a luxury that only a few wealthy people could enjoy.C) It was a good way to preserve one's precious images.D) It was a skill that required lots of practice to master.52. Kristin Diehl conducted管理、引导、指挥、分析a series of experiments on photo-taking to find out _______.A) what kind of pleasure it would actually bring to photo-takersB) whether people enjoyed it when they did sightseeingC) how it could help to enrich people's life experiencesD) whether it prevented people enjoying what they were doing53. What do the results of Diehl's experiments show about people taking pictures?A) They are distracted from what they are doing.B) They can better remember what they see or do.C) They are more absorbed in what catches their eye.。
2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷(一)(题后含答案及解析)
2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷（一）(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Writing 2. Listening Comprehension 3. Reading Comprehension 4. TranslationPart I Writing1．For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of building trust between employers and employees. You can cite examples to illustrate your views. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.正确答案：The Importance of Building Trust Between Employers and Employees Trust is the cornerstone of any relationships, which is also applicable to workplace. As the founder of Alibaba, Jack Ma once said, “ The biggest breakthrough of choosing and employing people is to trust them. “Thus, building trust between employers and employees is of vital significance. Trust contributes a lot to the benign development of companies and creates a win-win outcome for both companies and individuals. On the one hand, with the trust in employees, employers will entrust them with the most crucial missions, thus promoting the job performance and career development of employees. On the other hand, mutual trust can provide impetus for employees. They will be highly motivated, willing to work harder and will strive for a better prospect of the company. Take a prestigious company Tencent for example. People in this company attach great importance to trust and work together to make Tencent one of the top ten companies in China. All in all, trust is the precious wealth that should be valued by both employers and employees. There is no doubt that the trust between the two parties should be built, and only by doing so can our society become more prosperous and harmonious.解析：这是一篇议论文写作。
2018年6月大学英语六级真题及答案第1套
2018年6月大学英语六级考试真题（第1套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of building trust between employers and employers. You can cite examples to illustrate your views. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversations At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A)It is a typical salad. C) It is a weird vegetable.B) It is a Spanish soup. D) It is a kind of spicy food.2. A)To make it thicker. C) To add to its appeal.B) To make it more nutritious. D) To replace an ingredient.3. A)It contains very little fat. C) It uses no artificial additives.B) It uses olive oil in cooking. D) It is mainly made of vegetables.4 . A) It does not go stale for two years. C) It comes from a special kind of pig.B) It takes no special skill to prepare. D) It is a delicacy blended with bread.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A)They come in a great variety. C) They do not vary much in price.B) They do not make decent gifts. D) They go well with Italian food.6. A)$30-$40. C) $50-$60.B) $40-$50. D) Around $150.7. A)They are a healthy choice for elderly people. C) They symbolize good health and longevity.B) They are especially popular among Italians. D) They go well with different kinds of food.8. A)It is wine imported from California. C) It is far more expensive than he expected.B) It is less spicy than all other red wines. D) It is Italy’s most famous type of red wine.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A)Learning others’ secrets. C)Decoding secret messages.B) Searching for information. D)Spreading sensational news.10.A)They helped the U.S. army in World War Ⅱ.B) They could write down spoken codes promptly.C) They were assigned to decode enemy messages.D) They were good at breaking enemy secret codes.11. A)Important battles fought in the Pacific War.B)Decoding of secret messages in war times.C) A military code that was never broken.D)Navajo Indians’ contribution to code breaking.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. A )All services will be personalized.B) A lot of knowledge-intensive jobs will be replaced.C)Technology will revolutionize all sectors of industry.D)More information will be available.13. A)In the robotics industry. C) In the personal care sector.B) In the information service. D) In high-end manufacturing.14. A)They charge high prices. C) They cater to the needs of young people.B) They need lots of training. D) They focus on customers’ specific needs.15. A) The rising demand in education and healthcare in the next 20 years.B) The disruption caused by technology in traditionally well-paid jobs.C) The tremendous changes new technology will bring to people’s lives.D) The amazing amount of personal attention people would like to have.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. A)It was the longest road in ancient Egypt. C) It lay 8 miles from the monument sites.B) It was constructed some 500 years ago. D) It linked a stone pit to some waterways.17. A)Saws used for cutting stone. C)An ancient geographical map.B) Traces left by early explorers. D)Some stone tool segments.18. A) To transport stones to block floods.B) To provide services for the stone pit.C) To link the various monument sites.D) To connect the villages along the Nile.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) Dr. Gong didn’t give him any conventional tests.B) Dr. Gong marked his office with a hand-painted sign.C) Dr. Gong didn’t ask him any questions about his pain.D) Dr. Gong slipped in needles where he felt no pain.20. A)He had heard of the wonders acupuncture could work.B) Dr. Gong was very famous in New York’s Chinatown.C) Previous medical treatments failed to relieve his pain.D) He found the expensive medical tests unaffordable.21. A)More and more patients ask for the treatment.B) Acupuncture techniques have been perfected.C) It doesn’t need the conventional medical tests.D) It does not have any negative side effects.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.22. A)They were on the verge of breaking up.B) They were compatible despite differences.C) They quarreled a lot and never resolved their arguments.D) They argued persistently about whether to have children.23. A)Neither of them has any brothers or sisters.B) Neither of them won their parents’ favor.C) They weren’t spoiled in their childhood.D) They didn’t like to be the apple of their parents’ eyes.24. A) They are usually good at making friends.B) They tend to be adventurous and creative.C) They are often content with what they have.D) They tend to be self-assured and responsible.25. A) They enjoy making friends. C) They are least likely to take initiative.B) They tend to be well adjusted. D) They usually have successful marriages.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Scientists scanning and mapping the Giza pyramids say they’ve discovered that Great Pyramid of Giza is not exactly even. But really not by much. This pyramid is the oldest of the world’s Seven Wonders. The pyramid’s exact size has 26 experts for centuries, as the “more than 21 acres of hard, white casing stones “that originally covered it were 27 long ago. Reporting in the most recent issue of the newsletter “AERAGRAM,” which 28 the work or the Ancient Egypt Research Associates, engineer Glen Dash says his team used a new measuring approach that involved finding any surviving29 , of the casing in order to determine where the original edge was. They found the east side of the pyramid to be a30 of 5.5 inches shorter than the west side.The question that most 31 him, however, isn’t how the Egyptians who designed and built the pyramid got it wrong 4,500 years age, but how they got it so close to 32 . “We can only speculate as to how the Egyptians could have laid out these lines with such 33 using only the tools they had,”Dash writes. He says his 34 is that the Egyptians laid out their design on a grid, noting that the great pyramid is oriented only 35 away from the cardinal directions(its north-south axis runs 3 minutes 54 seconds west of due north, while its east-west axis runs 3 minutes 51 seconds north of due east)—an amount that’s “tiny, but similar,” archeologist Atlas Obscura points out.Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Peer Pressure Has a Positive SideA. Parents of teenagers often view their children‘s friends with something like suspicion. They worry that the adolescent peer group has the power to push its members into behavior that is foolish and even dangerous. Such wariness is well founded: statistics show, for example, that a teenage driver with a same-age passenger in the car is at higher risk of a fatal crash than an adolescent driving alone or with an adult.B. In a 2005 study, psychologist Laurence Steinberg of Temple University and his co-author, psychologist MargoGardner, then at Temple, divided 306 people into three age groups: young adolescents, with a mean age of 14; older adolescents, with a mean age of 19; and adults, aged 24 and older. Subjects played a computerized driving game in which the player must avoid crashing into a wall that materializes, without warning, on the roadway. Steinberg and Gardner randomly assigned some participants to play alone or with two same-age peers looking on.C. Older adolescents scored about 50 percent higher on an index of risky driving when their peers were in the room—and the driving of early adolescents was fully twice as reckless when other young teens were around. In contrast, adults behaved in similar ways regardless of whether they were on their own or observed by others. “The presence of peers makes adolescents and youth, but not adults, more likely to take risks,” Steinberg and Gardner concluded.D. Yet in the years following the publication of this study, Steinberg began to believe that this interpretation did not capture the whole picture. As he and other researchers examined the question of why teens were more apt to take risks in the company of other teenagers, they came to suspect that a crowd‘s influence need not always be negative. Now some experts are proposing that we should take advantage of the teen brain’s keen sensitivity to the presence of friends and leverage it to improve education.E. In a 2011 study, Steinberg and his colleagues turned to functional MRI （磁共振）to investigate how the presence of peers affects the activity in the adolescent brain. They scanned the brains of 40 teens and adults who were playing a virtual driving game designed to test whether players would brake at a yellow light or speed on through the crossroad.F. The brains of teenagers, but not adults, showed greater activity in two regions associated with rewards when they were being observed by same-age peers than when alone. In other words, rewards are more intense for teens when they are with peers, which motivates them to pursue higher-risk experiences that might bring a big payoff （such as the thrill of just making the light before it turns red）. But Steinberg suspected this tendency could also have its advantages. In his latest experiment, published online in August, Steinberg and his colleagues used a computerized version of a card game called the Iowa Gambling Task to investigate how the presence of peers affects the way young people gather and apply information.G. The results: Teens who played the Iowa Gambling Task under the eyes of fellow adolescents engaged in more exploratory behavior, learned faster from both positive and negative outcomes, and achieved better performance on the task than those who played in solitude. “What our study suggests is that teenagers learn more quickly and more effectively when their peers are present than w hen they‘re on their own,” Steinberg says. And this finding could have important implications for how we think about educating adolescents.H. Matthew D. Lieberman, a social cognitive neuroscientist at the University of California, Los Angeles, and author of the 2013 book Social: Why Our Brains Are Wired to Connect，suspects that the human brain is especially adept at learning socially salient information. He points to a classic 2004 study in which psychologists at Dartmouth College and Harvard University used functional MRI to track brain activity in 17 young men as they listened to descriptions of people while concentrating on either socially relevant cues （for example, trying to form an impression of a person based on the description）or more socially neutral information （such as noting the order of details in the description）.The descriptions were the same in each condition, but people could better remember these statements when given a social motivation.I. The study also found that when subjects thought about and later recalled descriptions in terms of their informational content, regions associated with factual memory, such as the medial temporal lobe, became active. But thinking about or remembering descriptions in terms of their social meaning activated the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex—part of the brain‘s social network—even as traditional memory regions registered low levels of activity. More recently, as he reported in a 2012 review, Lieberman has discovered that this region may be part of a distinct network involved in socially motivated learning and memory. Such findings, he says, suggest that “this network can be called on to process and store the kind of information taught in school—potentially giving students access to a range of untapped mental powers.”J. If humans are generally geared to recall details about one another, this pattern is probably even more powerful among teenagers who are very attentive to social details: who is in, who is out, who likes whom, who is mad at whom. Their penchant for social drama is not—or not only—a way of distracting themselves from their schoolwork or of driving adults crazy. It is actually a neurological（神经的）sensitivity, initiated by hormonal changes. Evolutionarily speaking, people in this age group are at a stage in which they can prepare to find a mate and start their own family while separating from parents and striking out on their own. To do this successfully, their brain prompts them to think and even obsess about others.K. Yet our schools focus primarily on students as individual entities. What would happen if educators instead tookadvantage of the fact that teens are powerfully compelled to think in social terms? In Social, Lieberman lays out a number of ways to do so. History and English could be presented through the lens of the psychological drives of the people involved. One could therefore present Napoleon in terms of his desire to impress or Churchill in terms of his lonely melancholy. Less inherently interpersonal subjects, such as math, could acquire a social aspect through team problem solving and peer tutoring. Research shows that when we absorb information in order to teach it to someone else, we learn it more accurately and deeply, perhaps in part because we are engaging our social cognition.L. And although anxious parents may not welcome the notion, educators could turn adolescent recklessness to academic ends. “Risk taking in an educational context is a vital skill that enables progress and creativity,” wrote Sarah-Jayne Blakemore, a cognitive neuroscientist at University College London, in a review published last year. Yet, she noted, many young people are especially risk averse at school—afraid that one low test score or mediocre grade could cost them a spot at a selective university. We should assure such students that risk, and even peer pressure, can be a good thing—as long as it happens in the classroom and not the car.36. It is thought probable that the human brain is particularly good at picking-up socially important information.37. It can be concluded from experiment that the presence of peers increases risk-taking by adolescents and youth.38. Students should be told that risk-taking in the classroom can be something positive.39. The urge of finding a mate and g etting married accounts for adolescents’ greater attention to social interactions.40. According to Steinberg, the presence of peers increases the speed and effectiveness of teenagers’ leaning.41. Teenagers’ parents are often concerned about negative peer influence.42. Activating the brain’s social network involved in socially motivated learning and memory may allow students to tap unused mental powers.43. The presence of peer intensifies the feeling of rewards in teens’ brains.44. When we absorb information for the purpose of imparting it to others, we do so with greater secretary and depth.45. Some experts are suggesting that we turn peer influence to good use in education.Section CDirections: T here are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some question or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C)and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.The Ebro Delta, in Spain, famous as a battleground during the Spanish Civil War, is now the setting for a different contest, one that is pitting rice farmers against two enemies: the rice-eating giant apple snail, and rising sea levels. What happens here will have a bearing on the future of European rice production and the overall health of southern European wetlands.Located on the Mediterranean just two hours south of Barcelona, the Ebro Delta produces 120 million kilograms of rice a year, making it one of the continent’s most important rice-growing areas. As the sea creeps into these freshwater marshes, however, rising salinity （盐分）is hampering rice production. At the same time, this sea-water also kills off the greedy giant apple snail, an introduced pest that feeds on young rice plants. The most promising strategy has become to harness one foe against the other.The battle is currently being waged on land, in greenhouses at the University of Barcelona. Scientists working under the banner “Project Neurice” are seeking varieties of rice that can withstand the increasing salinity without losing the absorbency that makes European rice ideal for traditional Spanish and Italian dishes.“Th e project has two sides,” says Xavier Serrat, Neurice project manager and researcher at the University of Barcelona. “The short-term fight against the snail, and a mid- to long-term fight against climate change. But the snail has given the project greater urgency.”Originally from South America, the snails were accidentally introduced into the Ebro Delta by Global Aquatic Technologies, a company that raised the snails for fresh-water aquariums （水族馆）, but failed to prevent their escape. For now, the giant apple snail’s foothold in Europe is limited to the Ebro Delta. But the snail continues its march to new territory,says Serrat. “The question is not if it will reach other rice-growing areas of Europe, but when.”Over the next year and a half investigators will test the various strains of saline-tolerant rice they’ve concocted. In 2018, farmers will plant the varieties with the most promise in the Ebro Delta and Europe’s other two main rice-growing regions—along the Po in Italy, and France’s Rhône. A season in the field will help determine which, if any, of the varieties are ready for commercialization.As an EU-funded effort, the search for salt-tolerant varieties of rice is taking place in all three countries. Each team is crossbreeding a local European short-grain rice with a long-grain Asian variety that carries the salt-resistant gene. The scientists are breeding successive generations to arrive at varieties that incorporate salt tolerance but retain about 97 percent of the European rice genome （基因组）.46. Why does the author mention the Spanish Civil War at the beginning of the passage?A）It had great impact on the life of Spanish rice farmers.B）It is of great significance in the records of Spanish history.C）Rice farmers in the Ebro Delta are waging a battle of similar importance.D）Rice farmers in the Ebro Delta are experiencing as hard a time as in the war.47. What may be the most effective strategy for rice farmers to employ in fighting their enemies?A）Striking the weaker enemy first. B）Eliminating the enemy one by one。
2018年6月英语六级真题答案解析(卷一)
高分范文：
高分范文
பைடு நூலகம்
精彩点评
The Importance of Building Trust Between
引出话题：信任是一切商业活动的基础。
Employers and Employees
提出观点：雇主与雇员之间彼此信任有助
① It is an undeniable fact that trust can lay a solid foundation for 于促进公司的发展。
综上所述，我们可以得出结论：相互信任有助于实现双赢，雇主的员工时刻牢记这一点是明智的。
Section A
Part II Listening Comprehension
Conversation One M: What’s all that? Are you going to make a salad? W: No I’m going to make a gazpacho. M: What's that? W: (1)Gazpacho is a cold soup from Spain. It’s mostly vegetables. I guess you could call it a liquid salad. M: Cold soup? Sounds weird.
instead of micromanage, this belief can drive him to create an environment 次重申自己的观点。
where employees would have more passion for work and work more
efficiently. ④ Next, with trust, employers and employees can achieve 加分亮点
2018年6月大学英语六级真题及详解(第一套)【圣才出品】
2018年6月大学英语六级真题及详解（第一套）Part ⅠWriting (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of building trust between employers and employees. You cancite examples to illustrate your views. You should write at least 150 wordsbut no more than 200 words.【审题构思】本题讨论的话题是“雇主与雇员相互信任的重要性”，考生需要就这一话题展开论述。
考生需要从相互信任的角度出发，论述为什么要相互信任，最后做出总结。
字数不少于150字，但不超过200字。
【参考范文】Mutual Trust between Employers and Employees(1) Trust between employers and employees is of great significance even though there’s the existence of labor contract. Only with trust can this relationship develop well and the two sides intend to achieve success through cooperation.(2) Firstl y, with trust between the two parties, employees’ initiative at work would be actively encouraged. Consequently, employees’ efficiency will be enhanced. Thus it would promote the development of individuals. (3) Secondly, trust would contribute to the accel eration of the company’s development. Mutualtrust and respect facilitates communication and collaboration, which results in success in the fierce competition in business. If employers and employees believe in each other, the company would have a brilliant future such as Haidilao Hotpot. (4) Thirdly, mutual trust society is helpful to the flourishing of national economy to a large extent.(5) Both employers and employees should bear in mind that trust is essential. It requires months, even years of hard work, and yet it may be still very fragile. The trust between employers and employees needs to be nurtured and protected by both sides carefully.【行文点评】(1) 开门见山，表明观点：雇主与雇员相互信任十分重要。
2018年06月大学英语六级考试真题及答案解析
2018年06月大学英语六级考试真题及答案解析一、真题回顾2018年6月的大学英语六级考试笔试部分共包括四个部分：写作、快速阅读、长篇阅读和翻译。
（一）写作Direction: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay that begins with the sentence “When it comes to traffic problems in cities, there are always different views among people.” You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.（二）快速阅读Passage One（三）长篇阅读Passage Two（四）翻译Direction: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.下面是对这四个部分的真题及答案解析。
二、答案解析（一）写作真题答案：When it comes to traffic problems in cities, there are always different views among people. Some believe that the traffic problems are inevitable due to the rapid development of modern society. Others argue that effective measures can be taken to solve these problems.In my opinion, the traffic problems in cities can be solved if we take appropriate measures. Firstly, the government should invest more funds in the construction of public transportation systems, such as subways and buses. This will encourage more people to choose public transportation instead of private cars, which can reduce traffic congestion. Secondly, the government should implement stricter regulations on vehicle emissions to improve air quality and reduce pollution. Lastly, the public should be educated to cultivate good driving habits and raise their awareness of traffic safety.In conclusion, traffic problems in cities can be solved through the joint efforts of the government and the public.答案解析：本文开头以题目给出的句子作为引子，引出人们对城市交通问题的不同看法。
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2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷详细答案（一）目录2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷详细答案（一） (1)2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷（一） (49)快速对答案 (64)Part I Writing (30 minutes) (请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)Directions: For this part,you are allowed30minutes to write an essay on the importance of building trust between employers and employees.You can cite examples to illustrate your views.you should write at least150words but no more than200words.【解析】写作题考察了同学们的写作能力，要求在30分钟内完成，时间有限，因此在备战英语四级的时候，平时应积累一些模版，多背一些精彩的句子，在平时的练习中，应该在20分钟内完成一篇不少于150词的作文，下面给出以下几点建议：一，写作中，字体要工整，改卷老师在批改四级作文的时候，由于任务量大，再加上批改时视觉疲劳，不可能对每一篇作文都看得那么仔细，有时候就凭卷面的第一印象打分，因此字体美观大方能提高作文的分数；二，注意段落结构，写作时，应带有题目，一般分三段进行，第一段总体概述，引出正文，第二段详细阐述文档内容，要分条理进行，比如，firstly，secondly，等，正文一般4-6句话阐述完毕，第三段总结正文部分，回归主题。
三，写作要注重语法结构，不要出现明显的语法错误，否则扣分较多，影响总体成绩。
四，遇到不会写的词，要用其他相关的词语表达。
Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear aquestion, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
【听力原文】Conversation OneM: What’s all that? Are you going to make a salad?W: No, I’m going to make a gazpacho.M: What’s that?W:【1】Gazpacho is a cold soup from Spain.It’s mostly vegetables. I guess you could call it a liquid salad.M: Cold soup? Sounds weird.W: It’s delicious. Trust me! I tried it for the first time during my summer vacation in Spain. You see, in the south of Spain, it gets very hot in summer, up to 42℃, so a cold gazpacho is very refreshing. The main ingredients are tomato, cucumber, bell peppers, olive oil and stale bread.M: Stale bread? Surely you mean bread for dipping into the soup.W: No. Bread is crushed and blended in, like everything else.【2】It adds texture and thickness to the soup.M: 【3】Mmm…And is it healthy?W:Sure. As I said earlier, it’s mostly vegetables.You can also add different things if you like such as half-boiled egg or cured ham.M: Cured ham? What’s that?W: That’s another Spanish delicacy. Have you never heard of it? It’s quite famous.M: No. Is it good too?W: Oh, yeah, definitely. It’s amazing. It’s a little dry and salty.【4】And it is very expensive because it comes from a special type of pig that only eats a special type of food.The ham is covered in salt to dry and preserve it, and left to hang for up to two years. It has a very distinct favor.M: Mmm, sounds interesting. Where can I find some?W: It used to be difficult to get Spanish produce here, but it’s now a lot more common. Most large supermarket chains have cured ham in little packets. But in Spain, you can buy a whole leg.M: A whole pig leg? Why would anybody want so much ham?W: In Spain, many people buy a whole leg for special group events such as Christmas. They cut it themselves into very thin slices with a long flat knife.【杀掉拦路虎】1. gazpacho [ɡɑ:zˈpɑ:tʃəu,ɡɑ:θˈpɑ:tʃəu]n. 西班牙凉菜汤2. liquid [ˈlikwid]n. 液体;流音;adj. 液体的;清澈的;（声音）流畅的;易转换成现款的3. weird [wiəd]adj. 怪诞的，超自然的;奇怪的，奇异的;<古>命运的，宿命的;不可思议的;n. 命运，宿命;厄运;<古>命运女神4. refreshing [rɪˈfreʃɪŋ]adj. 使人精神焕发的;提神的;使人耳目一新的; v. 使恢复，使振作(refresh的现在分词)5. ingredient [inˈɡri:djənt]n. （混合物的）组成部分;（烹调的）原料;（构成）要素;因素6. cucumber [ˈkju:kʌmbə]n. 黄瓜，胡瓜7. olive oil [ˈɔliv ɔil]n. 橄榄油8. stale [steil]adj. 陈腐的;不新鲜的;走了味的;v. 变陈旧;变得不新鲜;（牛马、骆驼等）撒尿; n. （牛马、骆驼的）尿9. crush [krʌʃ]vt. 压破，压碎;镇压;弄皱;挤榨，榨出;vi. 挤;被压碎，被起皱;n. 粉碎，被压碎的状态;（特指女子对男性的）迷恋;拥挤的人群;果汁饮料10. blend [blend]vt. 混合;把…掺在一起;（使）调和;协调;vi. 掺杂;结合;相配，相称;n. 混合;混合色，合成语;混合物11. texture [ˈtekstʃə]n. 质地;结构;本质;v. 使具有某种结构12. cured ham [ˈkjuəd hæm]火腿13. delicacy [ˈdelɪkəsi:]n. 精美;美味佳肴;敏锐，敏感;世故，圆滑14. distinct [disˈtiŋkt]adj. 明显的，清楚的;卓越的，不寻常的;有区别的;确切的15. favor [ˈfeivə]n. 好感;宠爱;关切;欢心;vt. 支持;赞成;照顾;促成;[美国英语]= favour16. slice [slais]vt. 切成片;切下;划分;n. 薄片;一部分;（因失误而打出的）曲线球; vi. 斜击17. spicy [ˈspaɪsi:]adj. 辛辣的;加有香料的，香的;有刺激性的;（故事等）猥亵的，下流的Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1.What do we learn about gazpacho?1. A) It is a typical salad.B) It is a Spanish soup.C) It is a weird vegetable.D) It is a kind of spicy food.【答案】B【解析】gazpacho是西班牙的凉汤，B选项：它是一种西班牙的汤，符合文意，因此，本题的正确选项为B项。
2.For what purpose is stale bread mixed into gazpacho?B) To make it more nutritious.C) To add to its appeal.D) To replace an ingredient.【答案】A【解析】本题为细节题，由【2】It adds texture and thickness to the soup.可知：它加入这种变馊的面包，是为了让汤变得更加浓郁，A选项:让汤变得更加浓郁，符合句意，因此，本题的正确选项为A项。