2020年高考英语词汇语法专题5：代词易错点解题方法(含答案解析)

专题05 代词易错点解题方法（三）

由于代词中的关系代词非常具有特色，所以在此特设专讲。首先我们要知道关系代词又称定语从句引导词。定语从句是各类从句学习的重点,也是难点。同学们在学习中常遇到一些难题,出现一些错误。

引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有6个: that, which, who, whom, whose, as. 5.关系代词引导的定语从句：

1）.who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.

2）. whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 注意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略。

The man ( whom / who ) you met just now is my old friend.3）。which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。Football is a game which is liked by most boys.主语

4）。that 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million.

5）. whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替：The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.

下面我们看例题：改正下列定语从句中的典型错误：

1. Is this the pen your father bought it for you?

[答案]:去掉it。

[解析]:定语从句中的关系词在从句中充当一定的成分。因此从句中不能再出现与关系词作用相同的代词或名词,以避免重复。误句中省略的关系代词(which/that)作bought的宾语,故it是多余的。

2. Have you been to the company where she works there?

[答案]:去掉there。

[解析]:关系副词已作了work的地点状语。

3. I shall never forget the days when I spent with you.

[答案]:将when改为which/that。

[解析]:先行词在定语从句中作spent的宾语,故用which/that,而when在从句中只作时间状语。

4. Is this all what you want to say?

[答案]:将what改为that。

[解析]:先行词为指物的不定代词时,其后的定语从句用that来引导,作宾语时也可省略。而what不能引导定语从句。

5. He lived in a house, in front of it he planted some beautiful flowers.

[答案]:将it改为which。

[解析]:这是一个含有非限制性定语从句的复合句, which在从句中作介词宾语。

6. Mother came back on December 21 when was my birthday.

[答案]:将when改为which。

[解析]: which指代时间(December 21)作定语从句的主语。

7. This is the ring for which she is looking.

[答案]:将for移到looking之后。

[解析]:look for是固定短语动词,不能够拆开使用。

8. Is this history museum that some foreign friends visited last week?

[答案]:在that前加the one。

[解析]:犯这类错误的主要原因是错把this history museum看作是定语从句的先行词。根据句子结构,this history museum应是主句的主语。故应添加一个定语从句的先行词the one作主句中的表语。

9. This is the monitor her English is the best in our class.

[答案]:将her改为whose。

[解析]:用whose代替her引起定语从句,修饰先行词the monitor。

10. As you know it, he has left for Australia.

[答案]:去掉it。

[解析]:关系代词as作know的宾语,再使用it就重复了。

11. The meeting was put off, that was exactly what we wanted.

[答案]:将that改为which。

[解析]:that作为关系代词不能用于非限制定语从句中。此处which指代主句(The meeting was put off)。

12. I don’t like the way which you treat your mother.

[答案]: 1)在which前加in。

2) 将which改为that。

3) 去掉which。

[解析]:当先行词the way在定语从句中作状语时,其关系代词可用that/in which或不用。

13. He told the good news to those who was present at the meeting.