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7.2Conducting Effective Business Meetings 进行有效的商务会议Part 1 Every business, whether it has 2 employees or 2,000, has meetings as a regular part of getting things done. Although employees员工can communicate with one another in an organization in many different ways, business meetings — if they are conducted the right way — can be incredibly effective and efficient.有效高效的Meetings are not only one of the most important ways for employees to communicate within organizations, but they're also the way that teams get their work done. Although individual team members work on tasks outside of meetings, team meetings give members the opportunity to come together to determine the team's goals, its plans for achieving its goals, and who will do what — and when.Party2We've all experienced more than our share of both good and bad meetings. What makes some meetings terrific很棒的, while others are simply the pits坑?Employees benefit员工获利in several ways when a meeting is well run. Here's the good news about business meetings that fall into this category:类型Meetings are empowering.授权Meetings are a great way to communicate.交流Meetings develop work skills and leadership.发展工作技巧和领导能力Meetings are morale boosting.振作士气Unfortunately, meetings are prone to fall into nonproductive pitfalls陷阱. Here's the negative side of meetings:Meetings may not have focus.没有重点Companies have too many meetings. Attendees may be unprepared.太多会议没有准备Most meeting time is wasted.大部分会议时间被浪费Although this bad news may seem bleak暗淡, there is hope. For each of these problems, and for the many other kinds of problems that often plague 困扰business meetings, solutions解决办法are available.9.1 Marketing市场营销is a process of communicating 交流a value价值of product or service to customers.Marketing might sometimes be interpreted解读as the art of selling products, but selling is only a small fraction一小部分of marketing. As the term "Marketing" may replace "Advertising" .it is the overall strategy 总体战略and function 功能of promoting促销a product or service to the customer.The American Marketing Association美国市场营销协会defines定义marketing as the activity活动, set of institutions机构, and processes过程for creating发明, communicating,交流delivering,传递信息and exchanging offerings交换产品that have value for customers, clients客户, partners, and society at large.”From a societal point of view社会角度, marketing is the link连接between a society's material requirements社会的物质需求and its economic patterns of response.经济模式的响应It can be looked at as an organizational function组织功能and a set of processes for creating, delivering and communicating value to customers向客户创造传递和沟通商品或服务价值的一套流程, and managing customer relationships管理客户关系in ways that benefit the organization 组织and its shareholders股东用对组织和股东有利的方式管理客户关系. Marketing is t he science of choosing target markets目标市场选择through market analysis and market segmentation,通过市场分析和市场细分确定目标市场选择as well as understanding consumer buying behavior and providing superior customer value.同时理解消费者购买行为和提供卓越的顾客价值8.2The Guangzhou Auto Show enters into its second day and is no w officially open to the public. Tens of thousands of car fans fin d that almost every car brand has put new energy models and fuel efficient models on display. Nowadays, for car makers, if you attend a car show without r olling out one or two new energy models, you appear to be o ut of fashion. So, this is what we see at the Guangzhou Auto Show.Chevrolet 雪福来puts its famous pure-electric Volt on the main stage. It’s a mult ibillion 数十亿dollar model, developed in the U.S. Japansese car brands are al ways strong in new energy.Toyota’s Prius has sold 3.5 million units worldwide by October. But the Chinese market’s contribution贡献 was very limited. Honda’s 本田hybrid CR-Z looks like a nice family car with character. And Ni ssan’s尼桑 concept EV MIXIM looks futuristic未来感. Lexus 雷克萨斯occupies 80 percent of high-end hybrid car market globally.Its CT200 sells quite well in China. China’s own BYD, as usual, displays its electric power system very explicitly明确. And even sports cars makers are paying lots of attention to f uel consumption. Guess how much feul this latest Porsche保时捷 911 C4 burns? Helmut Broeker, CEO Porsche Motors, said, "Like 911, which y ou know is a high powered sports car. I mean this c ar has 350 to 400 horse power马力, and you may expect it to be high fuel consumption. But the average fuel consumption of 911 is under 10 liters per hundred ki lometers. So we are working on very efficient systems and tryin g to reduce fuel consumptions.""New energy cars, fuel efficent cars, all sound very fashionable. Now government policies are in place and huge money has been invested by car makers. But will consumers buy the bill and ma ke the purchases. I talked to some consumers here at the Guangz hou Auto Show and their answers seem not very certain."Mr. Huang, Guangzhou Resident, said, "I think if someone likes a specific car very much, he will not consider feul efficiency." Ms. Qi, Guangzhou Resident, said, "I am interested in new ener gy cars but will not buy it. I think most people feel comfortable with traditional combustion 燃烧engine cars. Electric cars are new things and I may not feel totall y relaxed driving it."Ms. Xiao, Guangzhou Resident, said, "I want to buy big engine cars, as big as I can afford because I’d like to drive big powerful cars in the future anyway. "So it seems it will take a little longer for new energy cars bec ome a fashion among drivers, from afashion on car shows. But what did the Confucius 孔子say a journey of a thousand mile starts with a single step. Wejust hope that journey road doesn’t get too bumpy 坎坷ahead. Zheng Junfeng CCTV Guangzhou.5.1（1）Merchants 商人want to get their goods and services outside of their local area. 商人想要得到本地区以外的商品和服务2) The industrial age工业时代produces more products, which needsbusiness travel to find more customers. 工业时代生产更多的产品需要商业旅行发展更多的消费者3) After the sale, a business would have to send their travelingtechnician技术人员to service their goods. 售后需要派送技术人员去为他们的产品服务4) S ervice businesses would need to return to previous customer’s areato service them again.回到早期客户的地方为早期的服务客户再次服务8.1Although people used to rely largely on tap water自来水as their main source of drinking water.In recent years consumers have begun to be away from tap water and turn to bottled water.瓶装水Companies that manufacture bottled water promise a purer纯净的, healthier water product then tap water. They have expected greatly to supply the growing demand for quality drinking water. The bottled water industry's clearly here to stay.But is the price of bottled water really worth it?Do consumers truly get better water for their money?Some supermarkets sell all kinds of bottled water including bamboo charcoal water.竹炭水The various minerals矿物质then trace elements there supposed to contain are marked on the bottle's labels.The prices of these conceptual water 概念水are generally much higher than that of o rdinary mineral water矿泉水.Most customers say they are not sure if conceptual bottled water is really worth the price.And they believe ordinary plain 平价的water is good enough. Nutritional expert said there are no production's standards标准for conceptual water概念水in China, so that many facture determine the nutrient content.Nutritional expert Shen Yang explains: Currently China only has production standards for drinking water and mineral water矿泉水, for other water, there yet to be any standards. Whether these conceptual water products are as good as the manufactures said,there's no proof of their real effect.Water is essentially for other bodies and our survival.But lately there has been reports that it can also cause cancer if it contains certain harmful chemicals.化学物质The central administration of quality supervision inspection announced earlier this month on its website that 18 brands of bottled water contain cancer causing chemicals.6 brands of bottled water including a brand of pure water produced by Harbin group were found to contain an access of bromate溴酸盐: A potentially carcinogenic chemical produced during ozone sterilization.臭氧杀菌18 brands of the total 220 inspected in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei Province were dimmed and suitable for sell and consumption. Experts warned that because people physical conditions are different, their need for trace elements is different, therefore plain water is likely the best type of water for everyone.。