大学英语四级听力原文201812(卷一)(完整版).(完整版).pptx
2018年12月第1套四级真题听力及原文
2018年12月第1套四级听力Section A News ReportDirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1.A) Land a space vehicle on the moon in 2019.B) Design a new generation of mobile phones.C) Set up a mobile phone network on the moon.D) Gather data from the moon with a tiny device.2.A) It is stable.B) It is durable.C) It is inexpensive.D) It is sophisticated.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3.A) It lasted more than six hours.B) No injuries were yet reported.C) Nobody was in the building when it broke out.D) It had burned for 45 minutes by the time firefighters arrived.4.A) Recruit and train more firefighters.B) Pull down the deserted shopping mall.C) Turn the shopping mall into an amusement park.D) Find money to renovate the local neighborhood.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5.A) Shrinking potato farming.B) Heavy reliance on import.C) Widespread plant disease.D) Insufficient potato supply.6.A) It intends to keep its traditional diet.B) It wants to expand its own farming.C) It is afraid of the spread of disease.D) It is worried about unfair competition.7.A) Global warming.B) Ever-rising prices.C) Government regulation.D) Diminishing investment.Section B ConversationDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversations you will hear four questions. Both the conversations and the question-s will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8.A) Informative.B) Inspiring.C) Dull.D) Shallow.9.A) She types on a keyboard.B) She does recording.C) She takes photos.D) She takes notes.10.A) It keeps her mind active.B) It makes her stay awake.C) It enables her to think hard.D) It helps her kill time.11.A) It enables her to improve her pronunciation.B) It helps her better remember what she learns.C) It turns out to be an enjoyable way of learning.D) It proves to be far more effective than writing.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A) To spend her honeymoon.B) To try authentic Indian food.C) To take photos of the Taj Mahal.D) To trace the origin of a love story.13.A) In memory of a princess.B) In honor of a great emperor.C) To mark the death of an emperor of the 1600s.D) To celebrate the birth of a princess's 14th child.14.A) It looks older than expected.B) It is built of wood and bricks.C) It stores lots of priceless antiques.D) It has walls decorated with jewels.15.A) Their streets are narrow.B) They are mostly crowded.C) Each one has a unique character.D) Life can be tedious in some places.Section C PassageDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center. Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A) They help spread the latest technology.B) They greatly enrich people’s leisure life.C) They provide residents with the resources needed.D) They allow free access to digital books and videos.17.A) By helping them find jobs.B) By inspiring their creativity.C) By keeping them off the streets.D) By providing a place of relaxation.18.A) Their interaction with teenagers proved fruitful.B) They used libraries less often than teenagers.C) They tended to visit libraries regularly.D) Their number increased modestly.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A) It is the cleverest cat in the world.B) It is the largest cat in Africa.C) It is an unusual cross breed.D) It is a large-sized wild cat.20.A) They are as loyal as dogs.B) They have unusually long tails.C) They are fond of sleeping in cabinets.D) They know how to please their owners.21.A) They shake their front paws.B) They teach them to dive.C) They shower with them.D) They shout at them.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A) Anxious and depressed.B) Contented and relieved.C) Excited but somewhat sad.D) Proud but a bit nervous.23.A) It is becoming parents biggest concern.B) It is gaining increasing public attention.C) It depends on their parents for success.D) It starts the moment they are born.24.A) Set a good example for them to follow.B) Read books and magazines to them.C) Help them to learn by themselves.D) Choose the right school for them.25.A) Their intelligence.B) Their home life.C) The effort they put in learning.D) The quality of their school.2018年12月四级真题第一套听力原文及参考答案1. C2. A3. B4. B5. D6. C7. A8. C9. D10. A 11. B12. A13. A14. D15. B16. C17. B18. D19. C20. A 21. C22. C23. D24. A25. B四级听力第一套解析新闻：News Report One参考答案：1.Set up a mobile phone network on the moon.2.It is stable.主旨内容：科学家们想要在月球上安置一个设备,这样就是史上第一次在月球上可提供移动信号，且月球网络将支持月球和地球之间的高清视频和数据流。
2018年12月英语四级听力真题原文【完整版】
【导语】2018年12⽉英语四级考试已结束，四六级频道在考后特别整理了2018年12⽉英语四级听⼒真题原⽂【完整版】，仅供⼤家参考，祝⼤家顺利通过四级考试！ News 1 A device that weighs less than one kilogram is part of a mission that will allow scientists to deliver fourth generation or4G mobile coverage to the moon in 2019。
If successful， the tiny device will provide the moon with its first ever mobile phone network。
The lunar network will support high definition streaming of video and data between the moon and earth。
The network is part of a mission to the moon。
This is a project with the goal of landing the first privately paid for mission to the moon。
The 4G mission is set to launch from Cape Canaveral in the United States on a space X Falcon 9 rocket in 2019。
Mission to the moon intends to establish and test the first elements of a communications network on the moon。
The scientists working on the project opted to build a 4G rather than a fifth generation or 5G network。
2018年12月四级英语听力真题第一套(含答案及原文)
2018年12月四级英语听力真题第一套Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section A News ReportDirections： In this section， you will hear threenews reports。
At the end of each news report， you will hear two or three questions。
Both thenews repor t and the questions will be spoken only once。
After you hear a question， yo u mustchoose the best answer from the four choices marked A）， B）， C ） and D）。
Then mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a si ngle line through the centre。
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) Land a space vehicle on the moon in 2019.B) Design a new generation of mobile phones.C) Set up a mobile phone network on the moon.D) Gather data from the moon with a tiny device.2. A) It is stable.B) It is durable.C) It is inexpensive.D) It is sophisticated.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) It lasted more than six hours.B) No injuries were yet reported.C) Nobody was in the building when it broke out.D) It had burned for 45 minutes by the time firefighters arrived.4. A) Recruit and train more firefighters.B) Pull down the deserted shopping mall.C) Turn the shopping mall into an amusement park.D) Find money to renovate the local neighborhood.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) Shrinking potato farming.B) Heavy reliance on import.C) Widespread plant disease.D) Insufficient potato supply.6. A) It intends to keep its traditional diet.B) It wants to expand its own farming.C) It is afraid of the spread of disease.D) It is worried about unfair competition.7. A) Global warming.B) Ever-rising prices.C) Government regulation.D) Diminishing investment.Section B ConversationDirections: In this section,you will hear two long conversation.At the end of ea ch conversations you will hear four questions. Both the conversations and the question-s will be spoken only once.After you hear a question.You must choose the be st answer from the four choices marked A,B, C, D.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line throu gh the center.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) Informative.B) Inspiring.C) Dull.D) Shallow.9. A) She types on a keyboard.B) She does recording.C) She takes photos.D) She takes notes.10. A) It keeps her mind active.B) It makes her stay awake.C) It enables her to think hard.D) It helps her kill time.11. A) It enables her to improve her pronunciation.B) It helps her better remember what she learns.C) It turns out to be an enjoyable way of learning.D) It proves to be far more effective than writing.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) To spend her honeymoon.B) To try authentic Indian food.C) To take photos of the Taj Mahal.D) To trace the origin of a love story.13. A) In memory of a princess.B) In honor of a great emperor.C) To mark the death of an emperor of the 1600s.D) To celebrate the birth of a princess's 14th child.14. A) It looks older than expected.B) It is built of wood and bricks.C) It stores lots of priceless antiques.D) It has walls decorated with jewels.15. A) Their streets are narrow.B) They are mostly crowded.C) Each one has a unique character.D) Life can be tedious in some places.Section C PassageDirections： In this section,you will hear three passages.At the end of each pa ssage,you will hear three or four questions。
2018年12月四级听力文本
2018年12月大学英语四级参考真题（第一套）Section ANews Report One(1) A device that weighs less than 1 kilogram is part of a mission that will allow scientists to deliver fourth generation or 4G mobile coverage to the moon in 2019. If successful, the tin y device will provide the m oon with its first ever mobile phone n etwork. The lunar n etwork will support high defi niti on stream ing of video and data betwee n the moon and the earth. The network is part of a mission to the moon. This is a project with the goal of landing the first privately paid for mission to the moon. The 4G mission is set to launch from Cape Can averal in the Un ited States on a space X Falc on Nine Rocket in 2019. Missio n to the moon intends to establish and test the first eleme nts of a com muni cati ons n etwork on the moon. (2)The scie ntists work ing on the project opted to build 4G rather tha n the fifth gen eratio n or 5G work.This is because fifth ge nerati on n etworks are still intesting and trial phases. This means that a 5G network may not yet be stable eno ugh to work on the moon ' s surface.Questi onl: What are scie ntists pla nning to do?Questi on2: Why did scie ntists choose to set up a 4Gn etwork in their missi on?News Report TwoFirefighters resp on ded to a fire Wed nesday ni ght at an aba ndoned mall in Heywood. The fire was reported at 9:26 p.m. at an old shopp ing cen ter on Michiga n Ave nue n ear St. Mary ' s Church. Six fire engines, two trucks and two chiefs resp on ded to the sce ne. Crews had the fire un der con trol in about 45 minu tes and man aged to contain the fire to its point of orig in. There were some people in side the buildi ng whe n the fire broke out, (3) but there were no reports of any injuries. Fire inv estigators have resp on ded to the sce ne but have not yet determ ined the cause of the fire. Firefighters will rema in on the scene until later this morning to ensure that the fire doesn ' t start up again. The shopping mall had not been in use since 2002.⑷In2014,_City_Hall_developed_a_plan_to ______________________ knock down the building and replace it with affordable hous ing. However, the pla n was dropped due to lack of fun ds.Questio n4: What had City Hall pla nned to do ?News Report Three(5)Potato chips in Japa n are being sold for 6 times theirnormal price. This is after the country ' s main manufacturer stopped sales due to a potato shortage. Storms and floods and its main potato grow ing regi on last year caused the worst harvest and more tha n 3 decades. Local media reports suggest Calbee and its main rival Koike-ya are halting almost50 products. “We don ' t know when we ‘II be able to restart ”, a compa ny spokesma n said. Sn ack lovers are panic buying and many supermarket shelves are bare. (6) Japanese laws limit the amount of imported potatoes that can be used in Japan ese made products. Japa n says fear of disease is its main reason to block fresh imports. It still only allows potatoes from selected US states. This is only at certain times and on con diti on that they are processed at factories based near Japanese ports. (7) But global warming has raised the possibility that domestic produce could be seriously affected by rare weather eve nts more ofte n.Question6 : Why does Japan limit the import of potatoes ?Question7 : What might affect Japanese domesticproduce ?Secti on BCon versati on OneM: (8) Mr. Brown ' s lectures are so boring.W: Yes, he is not a very excit ing speaker. But the subjectis in teresti ng.M: During every one of his lectures, I try to listen. I reallytry. But after about 10 mi nutes my mind beg ins to wan derand I lose concen tratio n. But I see that you seem to be OK.How do you stay focused through the en tire hour?W: Well, (9-1) what I do is keep my pen moving. _____M: What do you mea n?W: It' s a method of active concentration I read about.(9-2)O ne of the most effective ways to concen trate is to writethings dow n. But it has to be done by hand, not typing on a keyboard. You see writing by hand forces you to actually engage with what you ' re learning in a more physical way.M: Do you review your no tes afterwards the n?W: Sometimes, but that ' s not important. My notes mayor may not be useful but the point is that by writing down what Mr. Brand says I can follow his line of thinking more easily .In fact, sometimes I draw a little too.M: You draw in class and that helps me pay attention?W: (10) Yes, hon estly it works for me. I just draw littlelines and nonsense really. It was also in that article I read. It can keep the mind active, preve nt gett ing bored and help to concen trate. Agai n the point is to liste n hard while keep ing the pen moving. (11 ) If I ' m at home and I need to study what I do is read out loud. It has a similar effect to writing by han d. It helps memorize in formati on in a physical way.Question8: What does the man think of Mr. Brown ' s lectures?Questi on9: What does the woma n do duri ng Mr. Brow ns lectures?Questi on 11: What does the woma n say about read ing out loud?Con versati on TwoM: And where is this?W: These photos are from the Taj Mahal in In dia. (12)We __ went there about ten years ago for our hon eym oon.M: Was it roma ntic.W: Yeah. The Taj Mahal was a very romantic place. The guide told us there is a famous love story behi nd this buildi ng that all Indians learn in school. (13)1 think it was during the 1600 and the princess at that time died while giving birth to her 14th child. The Emperor loved the prin cess so much and was so sad whe n she died that he ordered the palace to be built in her honor.M: Wow. That sounds very romantic. It looks amazing.W: Yes, it ' s gorgeous. It ' s also larger in real life than itlooks in the photos. The build ing is very tall and there aregarde ns in a wall aro und it all. It ' all built in this white stone (14)And some walls of the building are decorated with jewels.M: It must have bee n very crowded whe n you were there.W: Yes, it ' s a very famous tourist destination. So there are thousa nds of visitors every day.M: Was the rest of India crowded?W: Yes, very crowded in many cities. It was sometimes so crowded that it was difficult to walk along the streets especially through busy markets. And there are so many cars. Traffic was terrible but the people were frie ndly. The culture is amaz ing and we had a great time.M: What about the food?W: The In dia n food is great. There are lots of differe nt dishes to try and every regi on has its own special food.Questi on 12: For what purpose did the woma n go to In dia?Question13: Why was the Taj Mahal built?Questi on 14: What does the woma n say about the Taj Mahal?Question 15: what is the woman ' s impression of Indian cities?Secti on CPassage OneA Pew Research Cen ter survey of more tha n 1000America ns con ducted in April 2016 finds that America ns con ti nue toexpress largely positive views about the curre nt state of their local public libraries. (16)For instanee, around three quarters say that public libraries provide them with the resources they n eed. And 66% say the clos ing of their local public library would have a major impact on their com muni ty.Although no tably just 33% say this would have a major impact on them pers on ally or on their family. A majority of America ns feel libraries are doing a good job of provid ing a safe place for people to hang out or spe nd time as well as opening up educational opportunities for people of all ages(17) A nd roughly half thi nk their libraries con tribute “ a lotto their communities in terms of helping spark creativity among young people. And providi ng a trusted place for people to lear n about new tech no logies. As in past PewResearch Cen ter surveys of library use the April 2016 survey also measured America ns usage of and en gageme nt with libraries. Overall, 53% of America ns ages 16 and older have had some in teracti on with the puppet library in the past year either through an in person visit or using a library website(18) Some 48% of adults specifically visited a library in the ________ past 12 mon ths, a modest in crease from the 44% who said that in late2015.Questi on 16: What do most America ns say about localpublic libraries?Questi on 17: How can local public libraries ben efit young people?Questio n18: What does the 2016 survey show aboutadult library users?Passage Two(19) A Sava nnah cat is a crossbreed betwee n a domesticcat and a medium-sized wild Africa n cat called the Serval.The unu sual cross became popular among breeders at theend of the 1990s. And in 2001, the International CatAssociati on accepted it as a new registered breed. The sava nn ahs are tall and slim and can weigh up to nine point one kilograms, making them one of the largest breeds of cats that people can own. They have a spotted code similar to that of many types of wild cats and their ears are very large.(20) They are also com monly compared to dogs in their loyalty. And can be trained to walk on a lead and to fetch, and ofte n no ted characteristic of the Sava nnah is its jumpi ng ability. They are known to jump on top of doors and high cab in ets.Some can leap about2.5 meters high from a sta nding positi on. Cats are typically known for being very inq uisitive and so are the Sava nn ahs. They ofte n lear n how to ope n doors and cupboards. Many Sava nnah cats do not fear water and will play with or eve n dive into water.(21)Some owners eve n shower with their Sava nnah Cats. Prese nti nga water bowl to Sava nnah may also prove a challe nge, as some will promptly begin to bat all the water out of the bowl until it is empty using their front paws.Questi on 19: What do we lear n about the sava nnah cat?Questi on 21: What do some people do with theirSava nnah cats?Passage Three(22)Whe n childre n start school for the very first timepare nts ofte n feel a sense of exciteme nt coupled with a touch of sad ness at the end of an era. This is the start of a new adve nture for childre n play ing and in teract ing with new friends sharing, taking turns and settling into a new routine.(23)But of course, this is not the start of your child ' seducati on which in fact bega n at birth. Back the n, you would have bee n your child ' s most in flue ntial teachers. Duringthis time at home, your child would have learnt more than at any other period in their life. During your child ' s first yearin school much time will be spent in learning to read and they need to know that this is fun and worthwhile. (24)Your child will n aturally copy you so it is importa nt that you are see n read ing and enjoying books n ewspapers and magaz ines rather tha n just absorbed in scree ns. Ultimately an excelle nt educati on should be a close part nership betwee n pare nts and teachers. A child ' s year splits fairly neatly into thirds: a third at school, a third asleep and a third awake at home or on holiday. (25)lrrespective of the quality of a school, a child ' s home life is of key importance.lt is the determining factor of their academic success.欢迎下载iiYour child may have started on a new jour ney but your work is far from fini shed.Questi on 22: How do pare nts feel whe n their childre n start going to school?Questi on 23: What does the passage say about childre n s educati on?Questi on 24: What should pare nts do for the success of their children ' s education?Questi on 25: What does the passage say is the key factor of children ' s academic success?欢迎下载12。
2018年12月大学英语四级真题完整版(第1套)
2018 年12 月大学英语四级真题完整版（第 1 套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part ，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of living in a big city.You should write at least 120 words but no morethan180 words.PartⅡListening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and then questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard. 1. A)Land a space vehicle on the moon in 2019.B) Design a new generation of mobile phones.C) Set up a mobile phone network on the moon.D) Gather data from the noon with a tiny device.2. A) It is stable. B) It is durable. C) It is inexpensive. D) It is sophisticated.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) It lasted more than six hours.B) No injuries were yet reported.C) Nobody was in the building when it broke out.D) It had burned for 45 minutes by the time firefighters arrived.4. A) Recruit and train more firefighters.B) Pull down the deserted shopping mall.C) Turn the shopping mall into an amusement park.D) Find money to renovate the local neighborhood.Questions 5 and 6 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) Shrinking potato farming.B) Heavy reliance on import.C) Widespread plant disease.D) Insufficient potato supply.6. A) It intends to keep its traditional diet.7.B) It wants to expand its own farming.C) It is afraid of the spread of disease.D) It is worried about unfair competition.8. A) Global warning.B) Ever-rising prices.C) Government regulation.D) Diminishing investment.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 8. A) Informative. B) Inspiring. C) Dull. D) Shallow.9. A) She types on a keyboard.B) She does recording.C) She take photos.D) She take notes.10. A) It keeps her mind active.B) It makes her stay awake.C) It enables her to think hard.D) It helps her kill time.11. A)It enables her to improve her pronunciation.B) It helps her better remember what she learns.C) It turns out to be an enjoyable way of learning.D) It proves to be far more effective than writing.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) To spend her honeymoon.B) To try authentic Indian food.C) To take photos of the Taj Mahal.D) To trace the origin of a love story.13.A) In memory of a princess.B) In honor of a great emperor.C) To mark the death of an emperor of the 1600s.D) To celebrate the birth of a princes’s s14th child.9. A) It looks older than expected.B) It is built of wood and bricks.C) It stores lots of priceless antiques.D) It has walls decorated with jewels.10. A) Their streets are narrow.B) Each on has a unique character.C) They are mostly crowded.D) Life can be tedious in some places.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passageand the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. A)They help spread the latest technology.B) They greatly enrich people’s leisure life.C) They provide residents with theD) They allow free access to digital books and videos.12. A) By helping them find jobs.B) By keeping them off the streets.C) By inspiring their creativity.D) By providing a place of relaxation.13. A) Their interaction with teenagers proved fruitful.B) They used libraries less often than teenagers.C) They tended to visit libraries regularly.D) Their number increased modestly.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.14. A) It is the cleverest cat in the world.B) It is an unusual cross breed.C) It is the largest cat in Africa.D) It is a large-sized wild cat.15. A) They are as loyal as doges.B) They are fond of sleeping in cabinets.C) They have unusually long tails.D) They know how to please their owners.16. A) They shake their front paws.B) They shower with them.C) They teach them to dive.D) They shout at them.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.17. A) Contented and relieved.B) Anxious and depressed.C) Proud but a bit nervous.D) Excited but somewhat sad.18. A) It starts the moment they are born.B) It depends on their parents for success.C) It is gaining increasing public attention.D) It is becoming parents’b iggest concern.19. A) Choose the right school for them.B) Help them to learn by themselves.C) Read books and magazines to them.D) Set a good example for them to follow.20. A) Their intelligence.B) Their home life.C) The quality of their school.D) The effort they put in learning.Part ⅢReading Comprehension ( 40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passagethrough carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than onc．eQuestions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Millions die early from air pollution each year. Air pollution costs the global economy more than $5 trillion annually in welfare costs, with the most serious 26 occurring in the developing world.The figures include a number of costs 27 with air pollution. Lost income alone amounts to $225 billion a year.The report includes both indoor and outdoor air pollution. Indoor pollution, which includes 28 like home heating and cooking, has remained 29 over the past several decades despite advances in the area. Levels of outdoor pollution have grown rapidly along with rapid growth in industry and transportation.Director of Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Chris Murray 30 itas an “urgent call to action. ”“One of the r p i s r e k m f a a c t u o r r e s d f o e r a t h s is the air we breathe, over which individuals have little 31 , ”he said.The effects of air pollution are worst in the developing world, where in some places lost-labor income 32 nearly 1% of GDP. Around 9 in 10 people in low-and middle-income countries live in places where they 33 experience dangerous levels of outdoor air pollution.But the problem is not limited 34 to the developing world. Thousands die prematurely in the U.S. as a result of related illnesses. In many European countries, where diesel(柴油) 35 have become more common in recent years, that number reaches tens of thousands.A)ability E)control I)exclusively M)sourcesB)associated F)damage J)innovated N)undermineC)consciously G)described K)regularly O)vehiclesD)constant H)equals L)relatesSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Food-as-Medicine Movement Is Witnessing Progress[A] Several times a month, you can find a doctor in the aisles of Ralph ’s market in Huntington Beach, California, wearing a white coat and helping people learn aboutfood. On one recent day, this doctor was Daniel Nadeau, wandering the cereal aislewith Allison Scott, giving her some idea on how to feed kids who persistently avoid anything that is healthy. “Have you thought about trying fresh juices in the morning? he asks her. “The frozen oranges and apples are a little cheaper, and fruits are really good for the brain. Juices are quick and easy to prepare, you can take the frozen fruitout the night before and have it ready the next morning. ”[B] Scott is delighted to get food advice from a physician who is program director ofthe nearby Mary and Dick Allen Diabetes Center, part of the St. Joseph Hoag Health alliance. The center’s‘Shopwith Your Doc’program sends doctors to the grocerystore to meet with any patients who sign up for the service, plus any other shopperswho happen to be around with questions.[C] Nadeau notices the pre-made macaroni (通心粉)-and-cheeseboxes in Scott’s shopping cart and suggests she switch to whole grain macaroni and real chees“e. SoI’d have to make it？”she asks, her enthusiasm fading at the thought of how longthat might take, j ust to have her kids reject it. m not sur“e tIh’e y’d eat it. They justwon’t eat it. ”[D] Nadeau says sugar and processed foods are big contributors to the rising diabetesrates among children. “In America, over 50 percent of our food is processed food, Nadeau tells her. “Andonly 5 percent of our food is plant-based food. I think weshould try to reverse that. S”cott agreesto try more fruit juices for the kids and tomake real macaroni and cheese. Score one point for the doctor, zero for diabetes.[E] Nadeau is part of a small revolution developing across California. Thefood-as-medicine movement has been around for decades, but’s i t making progress as physicians and medical institutions make food a formal part of treatment, rather thanrelying solely on medications (药物). By prescribing nutritional changes or launching programs such as ‘Shop with your Doc’, they are trying to prevent, limit or even reverse disease by changing what patients eat“. There’s no question people can take things a long way toward reversing diabetes, reversing high blood pressure, even preventing cancer b y food choices, ”Nadeau says.[F] In the big picture, says Dr. Richard Afable, CEO and president of ST. Joseph Hoag Health, medical institutions across the state are starting to make a philosophicalswitch to becoming a health organization, not just a health care organization. That feeling echoes the beliefs of the Therapeutic Food Pantry program at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, which completed its pilot phase and is about to expand on an ongoing basis to five clinic sites throughout the city. The program will offer patients several bags of food prescribed for their condition, along with intensive training in how to cook it. “We really want to link food and medicine, and not justgive away food, ”s ays Dr. Rita Nguyen, the hospital s ’m edical director of HealthyFood Initiatives. “We want people to understand w r e h a e t a t t h i n e g y, how to’p repare it,the role food plays in their lives. ”[G] In Southern California, Loma Linda University School of Medicine is offering specialized training for its resident physicians in Lifestyle Medicine —that is aformal specialty in using food to treat disease. Research findings increasingly showthe power of food to treat or reverse diseases, but that does not mean that diet alone isalways the solution, or that every illness can benefit substantially from dietarychanges. Nonetheless, physicians say that they look at the collective data and a clearpicture emerges: that the salt, sugar, fat and processedfoods in the American dietcontribute to the nation’s high rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease. Accordingto the World Health Organization, 80 percent of deaths from heart disease and strokeare caused by high blood pressure, tobacco use, elevated cholesterol and low consumption of fruits and vegetables.[H] “I t’s a different paradigm（范式）of how to treat disease”, says Dr. Brenda Rea,who helps run the family and preventive medicine residency program at Loma LindaUniversity School of Medicine. The lifestyle medicine specialty is designed to traindoctors in how to prevent and treat disease, in part, by changing patients’n utritionalhabits. The medical center and school at Loma Linda also has a food cupboard andkitchen for patients. This way, patients not only learn about which foods to buy, butalso how to prepare them at home.[I] Many people don’t know how to cook, Rea says, and they only know how to heatthings up. That means depending on packaged food with high salt and sugar content.So teaching people about which foods are healthy and how to prepare them, she says,can actually transform a patient’s life. And beyond that, it might transform the healthand lives of that patient’s family. “What people eat can be medicine or poison, ” Rea says. “As a physician, nutrition is one of the most powelrtfhuings you can change toreverse the effects of longt-erm disease. ”[J] Studies have explored evidence that dietary changes can slow inflammation（炎症）, for example, or make the body inhospitable to cancer cells. In general, manylifestyle medicine physicians recommend a plant-based diet —particularly forpeople with diabetes or other inflammatory conditions.[K] “As whathappened with tobacco, this will require a cultural shift, but that canhappen, ” says Nguyen. “In the same way physicians u s e d e t,o a s n m d o t k h e n stoppedsmoking and were able to talk to patients about it, I think physicians can have a biggervoice in it. ”21. More than half of the food Americans eat is factory-produced.22. There is a special program that assigns doctors to give advice to shoppers in foodstores.23. There is growing evidence from research that food helps patients recover from various illnesses.24. A healthy breakfast can be prepared quickly and easily.25. Training a patient to prepare healthy food can change their life.26. One food-as-medicine program not only prescribes food for treatment but teaches patients how to cook it.27. Scott is not keen on cooking food herself, thinking it would simply be a waste of time.28. Diabetes patients are advised to eat more plant-based food.29. Using food as medicine is no novel idea, but the movement is making headway30.these days.31. Americans’high rates of various illnesses result from the way they eat.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.California has been facing a drought for many years now, with certain areas even having to pump freshwater hundreds of miles to their distribution system. The problem is growing as the population of the state continues to expand. New research has found deep water reserves under the state which could help solve their drought crisis. Previous drilling of wells could only reach depths of 1,000 feet, but due to new pumping practices, water deeper than this can now be extracte（d抽取）. The teamatStanford investigated the aquifers（地下蓄水层）below this depth and found that reserves may be triple what was previously thought.It is profitable to drill to depths more than 1,000 feet for oil and gas extraction,but only recently in California has it become profitable to pump water from this depth. The aquifers range from 1,000 to 3,000 feet below the ground, which means that pumping will be expensive and there are other concerns. The biggest concern of pumping out water from this deep in the gradual settling down of the land surface. As the water is pumped out, the vacant space left is compacted by the weight of the earth above.Even though pumping from these depths is expensive, it is still cheaper than desalinating（脱盐）the ocean water in the largely coastal state. Some desalination plants exist where feasible, but they are costly to run and can need constant repairs. Wells are much more reliable sources of freshwater, and California is hoping that these deep wells may be the answer to their severe water shortage.One problem with these sources is that the deep water also has a higher level ofsalt than shallower aquifers. This means that some wells may even need to undergo desalination after extraction, thus increasing the cost. Researchfrom the exhaustive study of groundwater from over 950 drilling logs has just been published. New estimates of the water reserves now go up to 2,700 billion cubic meters of freshwater.32.How could California’s drought crisis be solved according to some researchers?A) By building more reserves of groundwater.B) By drawing water from the depths of the earth.C) By developing more advanced drilling devices.D) By upgrading its water distribution system.33.What can be inferred about extracting water from deep aquifers?A) It was deemed vital to solving the water problem.B) It was not considered worth the expense.C) It may not provide quality freshwater.D) It is bound to gain support from the local people.34. What is mentioned as a consequence of extracting water from deep underground？A) The sinking of land surface. C) The damage to aquifers.B) The harm to the ecosystem. D) The change of the climate.35. What does the author say about deep wells?A) They run without any need for repairs.B) They are entirely free from pollutants.C) They are the ultimate solution to droughts.D) They provide a steady supply of freshwater.36. What may happen when deep aquifers are used as water sources?A) People’s health may improve with cleaner water.B) People’s water bills may be lowered considerably.C) The cost may go up due to desalination.D) They may be exhausted sooner or later.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.The AlphaGo program’s victory is an example of how smart computers have become.But can artificial intelligence (AI) machines act ethically, meaning can they be honest and fair?One example of AI is driverless cars. They are already on California roads, so itis not too soon to ask whether we can program a machine to act ethically. Asdriverless cars improve, they will save lives. They will make fewer mistakes thanhuman drivers do. Sometimes, however, they will face a choice between lives. Shouldthe cars be programmed to avoid hitting a child running across the road, even if thatwill put their passengers at risk? What about making a sudden turn to avoid a dog?What if the only risk is damage to the car itself, not to the passengers?Perhaps there will be lessons to learn from driverless cars, but they are notsuper-intelligent beings. Teaching ethics to a machine even more intelligent than weare will be the bigger challenge.About the same time as AlphaGo’s triumph, Microsoft’s ‘chatbootk a’b ad turn. Thesoftware, named Taylor, was designed to answer messagesfrom people aged18-24. Taylor was supposed to be able to learn from the messages she received. Shewas designed to slowly improve her ability to handle conversations, but some peoplewere teaching Taylor racist ideas. When she started saying nice things about Hitler,Microsoft turned her off and deleted her ugliest messages.AlphaGo’s victory and Taylor’s defeat happened at about the same time. This shouldbe a warning to us. It is one thing to use AI within a game with clear rules and cleargoals. It is something very different to use AI in the real world. Theunpredictability of the real world may bring to the surface a troubling softwareproblem.Eric Schmidt is one of the bosses of Google, which own AlphoGo. He thinks AIwill be positive for humans. He said people will be the winner, whatever the outcome. Advances in AI will make human beings smarter, more able and “just better human beings. ”37. What does the author want to show with the example of AlphaG’o s victory?A) Computers will prevail over human beings.B) Computers have unmatched potential.C) Computers are man’s potential rivals.D) Computers can become highly intelligent.38. What does the author mean by AI machines acting ethically?A) They are capable of predicting possible risks.B) They weigh the gains and losses before reaching a decision.C) They make sensible decisions when facing moral dilemmas.D) They sacrifice everything to save human lives.39. What is said to be the bigger challenge facing humans in the AI age?A) How to make super-intelligent AI machines share human feelings.B) How to ensure that super-intelligent AI machines act ethically.C) How to prevent AI machines doing harm to humans.D) How to avoid being over-dependent on AI machines.40. What do we learn about Microsoft’s ‘c h a t T b a o y t lo’r?A) She could not distinguish good from bad.B) She could turn herself off when necessary.C) She was not made to handle novel situations.D) She was good at performing routine tasks.41. What does Eric Schmidt think of artificial intelligence?A) It will be far superior to human beings.B) It will keep improving as time goes by.C) It will prove to be an asset to human beings.D) It will be here to stay whatever the outcome.Part ⅣTranslation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passagefrom Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.由于通信网络的快速发展，中国智能手机用户数量近年来以惊人度增长。
2018年12月英语四级听力真题(一)
2018年12月英语四级听力真题College English Test – Band 4大学英语四级考试Part II Listening Comprehension第二部分，听力理解Section A: Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports.第一部分：在本节中，你将听到三则新闻报道。
At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions.每则新闻结束后，你将会听到两或三个问题。
Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once.新闻和问题都将只放一遍。
After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).听到问题后，从标记为A)、B)、C)和D)的四个选项中选出最佳答案。
Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center. 并在答题纸1的对应位置上填涂相应的字母。
News report 1新闻报道一A device that weighs less than one kilogram is part of a mission that will allow scientiststo deliver fourth generation or 4G mobile coverage to the moon in 2019.一个重量不足一千克的设备将在2019年助力科学家完成向月球提供第四代或4G移动通讯覆盖任务。
2018年12月四级真题第一卷听力原文word文本
201812 cet-4 第一套听力原文News 1A device that weighs less than one kilogram is part of a mission that will allow scientists to deliver fourth generation or 4G mobile coverage to the moon in 2019。
If successful，the tiny device will provide the moon with its first ever mobile phone network。
The lunar network will support high definition streaming of video and data between the moon and earth。
The network is part of a mission to the moon。
This is a project with the goal of landing the first privately paid for mission to the moon。
The 4G mission is set to launch from Cape Canaveral in the United States on a space X Falcon 9 rocket in 2019。
Mission to the moon intends to establish and test the first elements of a communications network on the moon。
The scientists working on the project opted to build a 4G rather than a fifth generation or 5G network。
2018年12月大学英语四级真题完整版(第1套)_共13页
2018年12月大学英语四级真题完整版（第1套）Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of living in a big city. You should write at least 120 words but no more than180 words.PartⅡListening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and then questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) Land a space vehicle on the moon in 2019.B) Design a new generation of mobile phones.C) Set up a mobile phone network on the moon.D) Gather data from the noon with a tiny device.2. A) It is stable. B) It is durable. C) It is inexpensive. D) It is sophisticated. Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) It lasted more than six hours.B) No injuries were yet reported.C) Nobody was in the building when it broke out.D) It had burned for 45 minutes by the time firefighters arrived.4. A) Recruit and train more firefighters.B) Pull down the deserted shopping mall.C) Turn the shopping mall into an amusement park.D) Find money to renovate the local neighborhood.Questions 5 and 6 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) Shrinking potato farming.B) Heavy reliance on import.C) Widespread plant disease.D) Insufficient potato supply.6. A) It intends to keep its traditional diet.B) It wants to expand its own farming.C) It is afraid of the spread of disease.D) It is worried about unfair competition.7. A) Global warning.B) Ever-rising prices.C) Government regulation.D) Diminishing investment.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) Informative. B) Inspiring. C) Dull. D) Shallow.9. A) She types on a keyboard.B) She does recording.C) She take photos.D) She take notes.10. A) It keeps her mind active.B) It makes her stay awake.C) It enables her to think hard.D) It helps her kill time.11. A)It enables her to improve her pronunciation.B) It helps her better remember what she learns.C) It turns out to be an enjoyable way of learning.D) It proves to be far more effective than writing.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) To spend her honeymoon.B) To try authentic Indian food.C) To take photos of the Taj Mahal.D) To trace the origin of a love story.13.A) In memory of a princess.B) In honor of a great emperor.C) To mark the death of an emperor of the 1600s.D) To celebrate the birth of a princess’s 14th child.14. A) It looks older than expected.B) It is built of wood and bricks.C) It stores lots of priceless antiques.D) It has walls decorated with jewels.15. A) Their streets are narrow.B) Each on has a unique character.C) They are mostly crowded.D) Life can be tedious in some places.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A)They help spread the latest technology.B) They greatly enrich people’s leisure life.C) They provide residents with theD) They allow free access to digital books and videos.17. A) By helping them find jobs.B) By keeping them off the streets.C) By inspiring their creativity.D) By providing a place of relaxation.18. A) Their interaction with teenagers proved fruitful.B) They used libraries less often than teenagers.C) They tended to visit libraries regularly.D) Their number increased modestly.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) It is the cleverest cat in the world.B) It is an unusual cross breed.C) It is the largest cat in Africa.D) It is a large-sized wild cat.20. A) They are as loyal as doges.B) They are fond of sleeping in cabinets.C) They have unusually long tails.D) They know how to please their owners.21. A) They shake their front paws.B) They shower with them.C) They teach them to dive.D) They shout at them.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) Contented and relieved.B) Anxious and depressed.C) Proud but a bit nervous.D) Excited but somewhat sad.23. A) It starts the moment they are born.B) It depends on their parents for success.C) It is gaining increasing public attention.D) It is becoming parents’ biggest concern.24. A) Choose the right school for them.B) Help them to learn by themselves.C) Read books and magazines to them.D) Set a good example for them to follow.25. A) Their intelligence.B) Their home life.C) The quality of their school.D) The effort they put in learning.Part ⅢReading Comprehension ( 40 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once．Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Millions die early from air pollution each year. Air pollution costs the globaleconomy more than $5 trillion annually in welfare costs, with the most serious 26 occurring in the developing world.The figures include a number of costs 27 with air pollution. Lost income alone amounts to $225 billion a year.The report includes both indoor and outdoor air pollution. Indoor pollution, which includes 28 like home heating and cooking, has remained 29over the past several decades despite advances in the area. Levels of outdoor pollution have grown rapidly along with rapid growth in industry and transportation.Director of Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Chris Murray 30it as an “urgent call to action.”“One of the risk factors for premature deaths is the air we breathe, over which individuals have little 31,”he said.The effects of air pollution are worst in the developing world, where in some places lost-labor income 32nearly 1% of GDP. Around 9 in 10 people in low-and middle-income countries live in places where they 33experience dangerous levels of outdoor air pollution.But the problem is not limited 34to the developing world. Thousands die prematurely in the U.S. as a result of related illnesses. In many European countries, where diesel(柴油) 35have become more common in recent years, that number reaches tens of thousands.A)ability E)control I)exclusively M)sourcesB)associated F)damage J)innovated N)undermineC)consciously G)described K)regularly O)vehiclesD)constant H)equals L)relatesSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Food-as-Medicine Movement Is Witnessing Progress[A] Several times a month, you can find a doctor in the aisles of Ralph’s market in Huntington Beach, California, wearing a white coat and helping people learn about food. On one recent day, this doctor was Daniel Nadeau, wandering the cereal aisle with Allison Scott, giving her some idea on how to feed kids who persistently avoid anything that is healthy. “Have you thought about trying fresh juices in the morning?” he asks her. “The frozen oranges and apples are a little cheaper, and fruits are really good for the brain. Juices are quick and easy to prepare, you can take the frozen fruit out the night before and have it ready the next morning.”[B] Scott is delighted to get food advice from a physician who is program director of the nearby Mary and Dick Allen Diabetes Center, part of the St. Joseph Hoag Health alliance. The center’s ‘Shop with Your Doc’ program sends doctors to the grocery store to meet with any patients who sign up for the service, plus any other shoppers who happen to be around with questions.[C]Nadeau notices the pre-made macaroni (通心粉)-and-cheese boxes in Scott’s shopping cart and suggests she switch to whole grain macaroni and real cheese. “So I’d have to make it？”she asks, her enthusiasm fading at the thought of how long that might take, just to have her kids reject it. “I’m not sure they’d eat it. They just won’t eat it.”[D] Nadeau says sugar and processed foods are big contributors to the rising diabetes rates among children. “In America, over 50 percent of our food is processed food,” Nadeau tells her. “And only 5 percent of our food is plant-based food. I think we should try to reverse that.” Scott agrees to try more fruit juices for the kids and to make real macaroni and cheese. Score one point for the doctor, zero for diabetes.[E] Nadeau is part of a small revolution developing across California. The food-as-medicine movement has been around for decades, but it’s making progress as physicians and medical institutions make food a formal part of treatment, rather than relying solely on medications (药物). By prescribing nutritional changes or launching programs such as ‘Shop with your Doc’, they are trying to prevent, limit or evenreverse disease by changing what patients eat. “There’s no question people can take things a long way toward reversing diabetes, reversing high blood pressure, even preventing cancer by food choices,” Nadeau says.[F] In the big picture, says Dr. Richard Afable, CEO and president of ST. Joseph Hoag Health, medical institutions across the state are starting to make a philosophical switch to becoming a health organization, not just a health care organization. That feelingechoes the beliefs of the Therapeutic Food Pantry program at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, which completed its pilot phase and is about to expand on an ongoing basis to five clinic sites throughout the city. The program will offer patients several bags of food prescribed for their condition, along with intensive training in how to cook it. “We really want to link food and medicine, and not just give away food,” says Dr. Rita Nguyen, the hospital’s medical director of Healthy Food Initiatives. “We want people to understand what they’re eating, how to prepare it, the role food plays in their lives.”[G] In Southern California, Loma Linda University School of Medicine is offering specialized training for its resident physicians in Lifestyle Medicine — that is a formal specialty in using food to treat disease. Research findings increasingly show the power of food to treat or reverse diseases, but that does not mean that diet alone is always the solution, or that every illness can benefit substantially from dietary changes. Nonetheless, physicians say that they look at the collective data and a clear picture emerges: that the salt, sugar, fat and processed foods in the American diet contribute to the nation’s high rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease. According to the World Health Organization, 80 percent of deaths from heart disease and stroke are caused by high blood pressure, tobacco use, elevated cholesterol and low consumption of fruits and vegetables.[H] “It’s a different paradigm（范式）of how to treat disease,” says Dr. Brenda Rea, who helps run the family and preventive medicine residency program at Loma Linda University School of Medicine. The lifestyle medicine specialty is designed to train doctors in how to prevent and treat disease, in part, by changing patients’ nutritional habits. The medical center and school at Loma Linda also has a food cupboard and kitchen for patients. This way, patients not only learn about which foods to buy, but also how to prepare them at home.[I] Many people don’t know how to cook, Rea says, and they only know how to heat things up. That means depending on packaged food with high salt and sugar content. So teaching people about which foods are healthy and how to prepare them, she says, can actually transform a patient’s life. And beyond that, it might transform the health and lives of that patient’s family. “What people eat can be medicine or poison,” Rea says. “As a physician, nutrition is one of the most powerful things you can change to reverse the effects of long-term disease.”[J] Studies have explored evidence that dietary changes can slow inflammation（炎症）, for example, or make the body inhospitable to cancer cells. In general, many lifestyle medicine physicians recommend a plant-based diet — particularly for people with diabetes or other inflammatory conditions.[K]“As what happened with tobacco, this will require a cultural shift, but that canhappen,” says Nguyen. “In the same way physicians used to smoke, and then stopped smoking and were able to talk to patients about it, I think physicians can have a bigger voice in it.”36. More than half of the food Americans eat is factory-produced.37. There is a special program that assigns doctors to give advice to shoppers in food stores.38. There is growing evidence from research that food helps patients recover from various illnesses.39. A healthy breakfast can be prepared quickly and easily.40. Training a patient to prepare healthy food can change their life.41. One food-as-medicine program not only prescribes food for treatment but teaches patients how to cook it.42. Scott is not keen on cooking food herself, thinking it would simply be a waste of time.43. Diabetes patients are advised to eat more plant-based food.44. Using food as medicine is no novel idea, but the movement is making headway these days.45. Americans’ high rates of various illnesses result from the way they eat.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.California has been facing a drought for many years now, with certain areas even having to pump freshwater hundreds of miles to their distribution system. The problem is growing as the population of the state continues to expand. New research has found deep water reserves under the state which could help solve their drought crisis. Previous drilling of wells could only reach depths of 1,000 feet, but due to new pumping practices, water deeper than this can now be extracted （抽取）. The team at Stanford investigated the aquifers（地下蓄水层）below this depth and found that reserves may be triple what was previously thought.It is profitable to drill to depths more than 1,000 feet for oil and gas extraction, but only recently in California has it become profitable to pump water from this depth. The aquifers range from 1,000 to 3,000 feet below the ground, which means that pumping will be expensive and there are other concerns. The biggest concern of pumping out water from this deep in the gradual settling down of the land surface. As the water is pumped out, the vacant space left is compacted by the weight of the earth above.Even though pumping from these depths is expensive, it is still cheaper thandesalinating（脱盐）the ocean water in the largely coastal state. Some desalination plants exist where feasible, but they are costly to run and can need constant repairs. Wells are much more reliable sources of freshwater, and California is hoping that these deep wells may be the answer to their severe water shortage.One problem with these sources is that the deep water also has a higher level of salt than shallower aquifers. This means that some wells may even need to undergo desalination after extraction, thus increasing the cost. Research from the exhaustive study of groundwater from over 950 drilling logs has just been published. New estimates of the water reserves now go up to 2,700 billion cubic meters of freshwater.46.How could California’s drought crisis be solved according to some researchers?A) By building more reserves of groundwater.B) By drawing water from the depths of the earth.C) By developing more advanced drilling devices.D) By upgrading its water distribution system.47.What can be inferred about extracting water from deep aquifers?A) It was deemed vital to solving the water problem.B) It was not considered worth the expense.C) It may not provide quality freshwater.D) It is bound to gain support from the local people.48. What is mentioned as a consequence of extracting water from deep underground？A) The sinking of land surface. C) The damage to aquifers.B) The harm to the ecosystem. D) The change of the climate.49. What does the author say about deep wells?A) They run without any need for repairs.B) They are entirely free from pollutants.C) They are the ultimate solution to droughts.D) They provide a steady supply of freshwater.50. What may happen when deep aquifers are used as water sources?A) People’s health may improve with cleaner water.B) People’s water bills may be lowered considerably.C) The cost may go up due to desalination.D) They may be exhausted sooner or later.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.The AlphaGo program’s victory is an example of how smart computers have become.But can artificial intelligence (AI) machines act ethically, meaning can they be honest and fair?One example of AI is driverless cars. They are already on California roads, so it is not too soon to ask whether we can program a machine to act ethically. As driverless cars improve, they will save lives. They will make fewer mistakes than human drivers do. Sometimes, however, they will face a choice between lives. Should the cars be programmed to avoid hitting a child running across the road, even if that will put their passengers at risk? What about making a sudden turn to avoid a dog? What if the only risk is damage to the car itself, not to the passengers?Perhaps there will be lessons to learn from driverless cars, but they are not super-intelligent beings. Teaching ethics to a machine even more intelligent than we are will be the bigger challenge.About the same time as AlphaGo’s triumph, Microsoft’s ‘chatbot’ took a bad turn. The software, named Taylor, was designed to answer messages from people aged 18-24. Taylor was supposed to be able to learn from the messages she received. She was designed to slowly improve her ability to handle conversations, but some people were teaching Taylor racist ideas. When she started saying nice things about Hitler, Microsoft turned her off and deleted her ugliest messages.AlphaGo’s victory and Taylor’s defeat happened at about the same time. This should be a warning to us. It is one thing to use AI within a game with clear rules and clear goals. It is something very different to use AI in the real world. The unpredictability of the real world may bring to the surface a troubling software problem.Eric Schmidt is one of the bosses of Google, which own AlphoGo. He thinks AI will be positive for humans. He said people will be the winner, whatever the outcome. Advances in AI will make human beings smarter, more able and “just better human beings.”51. What does the author want to show with the example of AlphaGo’s victory?A) Computers will prevail over human beings.B) Computers have unmatched potential.C) Computers are man’s potential rivals.D) Computers can become highly intelligent.52. What does the author mean by AI machines acting ethically?A) They are capable of predicting possible risks.B) They weigh the gains and losses before reaching a decision.C) They make sensible decisions when facing moral dilemmas.D) They sacrifice everything to save human lives.53. What is said to be the bigger challenge facing humans in the AI age?A) How to make super-intelligent AI machines share human feelings.B) How to ensure that super-intelligent AI machines act ethically.C) How to prevent AI machines doing harm to humans.D) How to avoid being over-dependent on AI machines.54. What do we learn about Microsoft’s ‘chatbot’ Taylor?A) She could not distinguish good from bad.B) She could turn herself off when necessary.C) She was not made to handle novel situations.D) She was good at performing routine tasks.55. What does Eric Schmidt think of artificial intelligence?A) It will be far superior to human beings.B) It will keep improving as time goes by.C) It will prove to be an asset to human beings.D) It will be here to stay whatever the outcome.Part ⅣTranslation (30 minutes) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.由于通信网络的快速发展，中国智能手机用户数量近年来以惊人度增长。
2018年12月大学英语四级考试听力真题(全)
2018年12月大学英语四级考试英语四级听力真题（全）：News 1A device that weighs less than one kilogram is part of amission that will allow scientists to deliver fourth generation or 4Gmobile coverage to the moon in 2019。
If successful，the tiny device will provide the moon with its first ever mobile phonenetwork。
The lunar network will support high definition streamingof video and data between the moon and earth。
The network is part of a mission to the moon。
This is a project with the goal of landing the first privately paid for mission to the moon。
The 4G mission is set to launch from Cape Canaveral in the United States on a space X Falcon 9 rocket in 2019。
Mission to the moon intends to establish and test the first elements of a communications network on themoon。
The scientists working on the project opted to build a 4G rather than a fifth generation or 5G network。
2018年12月四级英语听力真题(共两套,含答案及原文)
2018年12月四级英语听力真题第一套Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section A News ReportDirections：In this section，you will hear threenews re ports。
At the end of each news report，you will hear two or three questions。
Both thenews report and the questions will be spoken only once。
After you hear a question，yo u mustchoose the best answer from the four choices marked A ），B），C）and D）。
Then mark thecorresponding letter o n Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre。
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) Land a space vehicle on the moon in 2019.B) Design a new generation of mobile phones.C) Set up a mobile phone network on the moon.D) Gather data from the moon with a tiny device.2. A) It is stable.B) It is durable.C) It is inexpensive.D) It is sophisticated.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) It lasted more than six hours.B) No injuries were yet reported.C) Nobody was in the building when it broke out.D) It had burned for 45 minutes by the time firefighter s arrived.4. A) Recruit and train more firefighters.B) Pull down the deserted shopping mall.C) Turn the shopping mall into an amusement park.D) Find money to renovate the local neighborhood.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) Shrinking potato farming.B) Heavy reliance on import.C) Widespread plant disease.D) Insufficient potato supply.6. A) It intends to keep its traditional diet.B) It wants to expand its own farming.C) It is afraid of the spread of disease.D) It is worried about unfair competition.7. A) Global warming.B) Ever-rising prices.C) Government regulation.D) Diminishing investment.Section B ConversationDirections: In this section,you will hear two long the end of each conversations you will hear four questions. Bo th the conversations and the question-s will be spoken only you hear a must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A,B, C, D.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 wit h a single line through the center.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) Informative.B) Inspiring.C) Dull.D) Shallow.9. A) She types on a keyboard.B) She does recording.C) She takes photos.D) She takes notes.10. A) It keeps her mind active.B) It makes her stay awake.C) It enables her to think hard.D) It helps her kill time.11. A) It enables her to improve her pronunciation.B) It helps her better remember what she learns.C) It turns out to be an enjoyable way of learning.D) It proves to be far more effective than writing.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you ha ve just heard.12. A) To spend her honeymoon.B) To try authentic Indian food.C) To take photos of the Taj Mahal.D) To trace the origin of a love story.13. A) In memory of a princess.B) In honor of a great emperor.C) To mark the death of an emperor of the 1600s.D) To celebrate the birth of a princess's 14th child.14. A) It looks older than expected.B) It is built of wood and bricks.C) It stores lots of priceless antiques.D) It has walls decorated with jewels.15. A) Their streets are narrow.B) They are mostly crowded.C) Each one has a unique character.D) Life can be tedious in some places.Section C PassageDirections：In this section,you will hear three the en d of each passage,you will hear three or four questions。
2018年12月四级听力文本Word版
2018年12月大学英语四级参考真题（第一套）Section AQuestion1: What are scientists planning to do?Question2: Why did scientists choose to set up a 4G network in their mission?News Report TwoFirefighters responded to a fire Wednesday night at an abandoned mall in Heywood. The fire was reported at 9:26 p.m. at an old shopping center on Michigan Avenue near St. Mary’s Church. Six fire engines, two trucks and two chiefs responded to the scene. Crews had the fire under control in about 45 minutes and managed to contain the fire to its point of origin. There were some people inside the building when the fire broke out, (3) but there were no reports of any injuries. Fire investigators have responded to the scene but have not yet determined the cause of the fire. Firefighters will remain on the scene until later this morning to ensure that the fire doesn’t start up again. The shopping mall had not been in use since 2002. (4)In 2014, City Hall developed a plan to knock down the building and replace it with affordable housing. However, the plan was dropped due to lack of funds.Question3: What does the news item say about the fire？Question4: What had City Hall planned to do？News Report Three(5)Potato chips in Japan are being sold for 6 times their normal price. This is after the country’s main manufacturer stopped sales due to a potato shortage. Storms and floods and its main potato growing region last year caused the worst harvest and more than 3 decades. Local media reports suggest Calbee and its main rival Koike-ya are halting almost 50 products. “We don’t know when we’ll be able to restart”, a company spokesman said. Snack lovers are panic buying and many supermarket shelves are bare. （6）Japanese laws limit the amount of imported potatoes that can be used in Japanese made products. Japan says fear of disease is its main reason to block fresh imports. It still only allows potatoes from selected US states. This is only at certain times and on condition that they are processed at factories based near Japanese ports. （7）But global warming has raised the possibility that domestic produce could be seriously affected by rare weather events more often.Question5：What problem is Japan facing？Question6：Why does Japan limit the import of potatoes？Question7：What might affect Japanese domestic produce？Section BConversation OneM: (8) Mr. Brown’s lectures are so boring.W: Yes, he is not a very exciting speaker. But the subject is interesting.M: During every one of his lectures, I try to listen. I really try. But after about 10 minutes my mind begins to wander and I lose concentration. But I see that you seem to be OK. How do you stay focused through the entire hour?W: Well, (9-1) what I do is keep my pen moving.M: What do you mean?W: It’s a method of active concentration I read about. (9-2)One of the most effective ways to concentrate is to write things down. But it has to be done by hand, not typing on a keyboard. You see writing by hand forces you to actually engage with what you’re learning in a more physical way.M: Do you review your notes afterwards then?W: Sometimes, but that’s not important. My notes may or may not be useful but the point is that by writing down what Mr. Brand says I can follow his line of thinking more easily. In fact, sometimes I draw a little too.M: You draw in class and that helps me pay attention?W: (10) Yes, honestly it works for me. I just draw little lines and nonsense really. It was also in that article I read. It can keep the mind active, prevent getting bored and help to concentrate. Again the point is to listen hard while keeping the pen moving. （11） If I’m at home and I need to study what I do is read out loud. It has a similar effect to writing by hand. It helps memorize information in a physical way.Question8: What does the man think of Mr. Brown’s lectures?Question9: What does the woman do during Mr. Brown’s lectures?Question10: Why does the woman draw in class?Question11: What does the woman say about reading out loud?Conversation TwoM: And where is this?W: These photos are from the Taj Mahal in India. (12)We went there about ten years ago for our honeymoon.M: Was it romantic.W: Yeah. The Taj Mahal was a very romantic place. The guide told us there is a famous love story behind this building that all Indians learn in school. (13)I think it was during the 1600 and the princess at that time died while giving birth to her 14th child. The Emperor loved the princess so much and was so sad when she died that he ordered the palace to be built in her honor.M: Wow. That sounds very romantic. It looks amazing.W: Yes, it’s gorgeous. It’s also larger in real life than it looks in the photos. The building is very tall and there are gardens in a wall around it all. It’s all built in this white stone (14)And some walls of the building are decorated with jewels.M: It must have been very crowded when you were there.W: Yes, it’s a very famous tourist destination. So there are thousands of visitors every day.M: Was the rest of India crowded?W: Yes, very crowded in many cities. It was sometimes so crowded that it was difficult to walk along the streets especially through busy markets. And there are so many cars. Traffic was terrible but the people were friendly. The culture is amazing and we had a great time.M: What about the food?W: The Indian food is great. There are lots of different dishes to try and every region has its own special food.Question12: For what purpose did the woman go to India?Question13: Why was the Taj Mahal built?Question14: What does the woman say about the Taj Mahal?Question15: what is the woman’s impression of Indian cities?Section CPassage OneA Pew Research Center survey of more than 1000 Americans conducted in April 2016 finds that Americans continue to express largely positive views about the current state of their local public libraries. (16)For instance, around three quarters say that public libraries provide them with the resources they need. And 66% say the closing of their local public library would have a major impact on their community. Although notably just 33% say this would have a major impact on them personally or on their family. A majority of Americans feel libraries are doing a good job of providing a safe place for people to hang out or spend time as well as opening up educational opportunities for people of all ages (17)And roughly half think their libraries contribute “a lot” to their communities in terms of helping spark creativity among young people. And providing a trusted place for people to learn about new technologies. As in past Pew Research Center surveys of library use the April 2016 survey also measured Americans usage of and engagement with libraries. Overall, 53% of Americans ages 16 and older have had some interaction with the puppet library in the past year either through an in person44% who said that in late 2015.Question16: What do most Americans say about local public libraries?Question17: How can local public libraries benefit young people?Question18: What does the 2016 survey show about adult library users?Passage Two(19)A Savannah cat is a crossbreed between a domestic cat and a medium-sized wild African cat called the Serval. The unusual cross became popular among breeders at the end of the 1990s. And in 2001, the International Cat Association accepted it as a new registered breed. The savannahs are tall and slim and can weigh up to nine point one kilograms, making them one of the largest breeds of cats that people can own. They have a spotted code similar to that of many types of wild cats and their ears are very large. (20)They are also commonly compared to dogs in their loyalty. And can be trained to walk on a lead and to fetch, and often noted characteristic of the Savannahis its jumping ability. They are known to jump on top of doors and high cabinets. Some can leap about2.5 meters high from a standing position. Cats are typically known for being very inquisitive and so are the Savannahs. They often learn how to open doors and cupboards. Many Savannah cats do not fear water and will play with or even dive into water.Presenting a water bowl to Savannah may also prove a challenge, as some will promptly begin to bat all the water out of the bowl until it is empty using their front paws.Question19: What do we learn about the savannah cat?Question20: What is characteristic of Savannah cats?Question21: What do some people do with their Savannah cats?Passage Three(22)When children start school for the very first time parents often feel a sense of excitement coupled with a touch of sadness at the end of an era. This is the start of a new adventure for children playing and interacting with new friends sharing, taking turns and settling into a new routine.have been your child’s most influential teachers. During this time at home, your child would have learnt more than at any other period in their life. During your child’s first year in school much time will be spent in learning to read and they need tobe a close partnership between parents and teachers. A child’s year splits fairly neatly into thirds: a third at school, a third asleep and a third awake at home or on holiday.but your work is far from finished.Question22: How do parents feel when their children start going to school?Question23: What does the passage say about children’s education?Question24: What should parents do for the success of their children’s education?Question25: What does the passage say is the key factor of children’s academic success?（注：可编辑下载，若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢!）。
2018年12月四级英语听力真题(共两套,含答案及原文)
2018年12月四级英语听力真题第一套Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section A News ReportDirections： In this section， you will hear threenews reports。
At the end of each news report， you will hear two or three questions。
Both thenews repor t and the questions will be spoken only once。
After you hear a question， yo u mustchoose the best answer from the four choices marked A）， B）， C ） and D）。
Then mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a si ngle line through the centre。
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) Land a space vehicle on the moon in 2019.B) Design a new generation of mobile phones.C) Set up a mobile phone network on the moon.D) Gather data from the moon with a tiny device.2. A) It is stable.B) It is durable.C) It is inexpensive.D) It is sophisticated.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) It lasted more than six hours.B) No injuries were yet reported.C) Nobody was in the building when it broke out.D) It had burned for 45 minutes by the time firefighters arrived.4. A) Recruit and train more firefighters.B) Pull down the deserted shopping mall.C) Turn the shopping mall into an amusement park.D) Find money to renovate the local neighborhood.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) Shrinking potato farming.B) Heavy reliance on import.C) Widespread plant disease.D) Insufficient potato supply.6. A) It intends to keep its traditional diet.B) It wants to expand its own farming.C) It is afraid of the spread of disease.D) It is worried about unfair competition.7. A) Global warming.B) Ever-rising prices.C) Government regulation.D) Diminishing investment.Section B ConversationDirections: In this section,you will hear two long conversation.At the end of ea ch conversations you will hear four questions. Both the conversations and the question-s will be spoken only once.After you hear a question.You must choose the be st answer from the four choices marked A,B, C, D.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line throu gh the center.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) Informative.B) Inspiring.C) Dull.D) Shallow.9. A) She types on a keyboard.B) She does recording.C) She takes photos.D) She takes notes.10. A) It keeps her mind active.B) It makes her stay awake.C) It enables her to think hard.D) It helps her kill time.11. A) It enables her to improve her pronunciation.B) It helps her better remember what she learns.C) It turns out to be an enjoyable way of learning.D) It proves to be far more effective than writing.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) To spend her honeymoon.B) To try authentic Indian food.C) To take photos of the Taj Mahal.D) To trace the origin of a love story.13. A) In memory of a princess.B) In honor of a great emperor.C) To mark the death of an emperor of the 1600s.D) To celebrate the birth of a princess's 14th child.14. A) It looks older than expected.B) It is built of wood and bricks.C) It stores lots of priceless antiques.D) It has walls decorated with jewels.15. A) Their streets are narrow.B) They are mostly crowded.C) Each one has a unique character.D) Life can be tedious in some places.Section C PassageDirections： In this section,you will hear three passages.At the end of each pa ssage,you will hear three or four questions。
2018年12月大学英语四级真题完整版(第1套)_共13页
2018年12月大学英语四级真题完整版（第1套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of living in a big city. You should write at least 120 words but no more than180 words.PartⅡListening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and then questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) Land a space vehicle on the moon in 2019.B) Design a new generation of mobile phones.C) Set up a mobile phone network on the moon.D) Gather data from the noon with a tiny device.2. A) It is stable. B) It is durable. C) It is inexpensive. D) It is sophisticated.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) It lasted more than six hours.B) No injuries were yet reported.C) Nobody was in the building when it broke out.D) It had burned for 45 minutes by the time firefighters arrived.4. A) Recruit and train more firefighters.B) Pull down the deserted shopping mall.C) Turn the shopping mall into an amusement park.D) Find money to renovate the local neighborhood.Questions 5 and 6 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) Shrinking potato farming.B) Heavy reliance on import.C) Widespread plant disease.D) Insufficient potato supply.6. A) It intends to keep its traditional diet.B) It wants to expand its own farming.C) It is afraid of the spread of disease.D) It is worried about unfair competition.7. A) Global warning.B) Ever-rising prices.C) Government regulation.D) Diminishing investment.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) Informative. B) Inspiring. C) Dull. D) Shallow.9. A) She types on a keyboard.B) She does recording.C) She take photos.D) She take notes.10. A) It keeps her mind active.B) It makes her stay awake.C) It enables her to think hard.D) It helps her kill time.11. A)It enables her to improve her pronunciation.B) It helps her better remember what she learns.C) It turns out to be an enjoyable way of learning.D) It proves to be far more effective than writing.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) To spend her honeymoon.B) To try authentic Indian food.C) To take photos of the Taj Mahal.D) To trace the origin of a love story.13.A) In memory of a princess.B) In honor of a great emperor.C) To mark the death of an emperor of the 1600s.D) To celebrate the birth of a princess’s 14th child.14. A) It looks older than expected.B) It is built of wood and bricks.C) It stores lots of priceless antiques.D) It has walls decorated with jewels.15. A) Their streets are narrow.B) Each on has a unique character.C) They are mostly crowded.D) Life can be tedious in some places.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A)They help spread the latest technology.B) They greatly enrich people’s leisure life.C) They provide residents with theD) They allow free access to digital books and videos.17. A) By helping them find jobs.B) By keeping them off the streets.C) By inspiring their creativity.D) By providing a place of relaxation.18. A) Their interaction with teenagers proved fruitful.B) They used libraries less often than teenagers.C) They tended to visit libraries regularly.D) Their number increased modestly.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) It is the cleverest cat in the world.B) It is an unusual cross breed.C) It is the largest cat in Africa.D) It is a large-sized wild cat.20. A) They are as loyal as doges.B) They are fond of sleeping in cabinets.C) They have unusually long tails.D) They know how to please their owners.21. A) They shake their front paws.B) They shower with them.C) They teach them to dive.D) They shout at them.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) Contented and relieved.B) Anxious and depressed.C) Proud but a bit nervous.D) Excited but somewhat sad.23. A) It starts the moment they are born.B) It depends on their parents for success.C) It is gaining increasing public attention.D) It is becoming parents’ biggest concern.24. A) Choose the right school for them.B) Help them to learn by themselves.C) Read books and magazines to them.D) Set a good example for them to follow.25. A) Their intelligence.B) Their home life.C) The quality of their school.D) The effort they put in learning.Part ⅢReading Comprehension ( 40 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank followingthe passage. R ead the passage t hrough carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once．Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Millions die early from air pollution each year. Air pollution costs the globaleconomy more than $5 trillion annually in welfare costs, with the most serious 26occurring in the developing world.The figures include a number of costs 27 with air pollution. Lost incomealone amounts to $225 billion a year.The report includes both indoor and outdoor air pollution. Indoor pollution, whichincludes 28 like home heating and cooking, has remained 29over the pastseveral decades despite advances in the area. Levels of outdoor pollution have grownrapidly along with rapid growth in industry and transportation.Director of Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Chris Murray 30itas an “urgent call to action.”“One of the risk factors for premature deaths is the air we breathe, over which individuals have little 31,”he said.The effects of air pollution are worst in the developing world, where in someplaces lost-labor income 32nearly 1% of GDP. Around 9 in 10 people in low-and middle-income countries live in places where they 33experience dangerouslevels of outdoor air pollution.But the problem is not limited 34to the developing world. Thousands dieprematurely in the U.S. as a result of related illnesses. In many European countries,where diesel(柴油) 35have become more common in recent years, that numberreaches tens of thousands.A)ability E)control I)exclusively M)sourcesB)associated F)damage J)innovated N)undermineC)consciously G)described K)regularly O)vehiclesD)constant H)equals L)relatesSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attachedto each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. I dentify theparagraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph morethan once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by markingthe corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Food-as-Medicine Movement Is Witnessing Progress[A] Several times a month, you can find a doctor in the aisles of Ralph’s market i Huntington Beach, California, wearing a white coat and helping people learn aboutfood. On one recent day, this doctor was Daniel Nadeau, wandering the cereal aislewith Allison Scott, giving her some idea on how to feed kids who persistently avoidanything that is healthy. “Have you thought about trying fresh juices in the morning?he asks her. “The frozen oranges and apples are a little cheaper, and fruits are reallygood for the brain. Juices are quick and easy to prepare, you can take the frozen fruitout the night before and have it ready the next morning.”[B] Scott is delighted to get food advice from a physician who is program director ofthe nearby Mary and Dick Allen Diabetes Center, part of the St. Joseph Hoag Healthalliance. The center’s ‘Shop with Your Doc’ program sends doctors to the grocery store to meet with any patients who sign up for the service, plus any other shoppers whohappen to be around with questions.[C]Nadeau notices the pre-made macaroni (通心粉)-and-cheese boxes in Scott’s“Soshopping cart and suggests she switch to whole grain macaroni and real cheese.？”she asks, her enthusiasm fading at the thought of how long thatI’d have to make itmight take, just to have her kids reject it. “I’m not sure they’d eat it. They jus eat it.”[D] Nadeau says sugar and processed foods are big contributors to the rising diabetesrates among children. “In America, over 50 percent of our food is processed food,Nadeau tells her. “And only 5 percent of our food is plant-based food. I think we shouldtry to reverse that.” Scott agrees to try more fruit juices for the kids and to make real macaroni and cheese. Score one point for the doctor, zero for diabetes.[E] Nadeau is part of a small revolution developing across California. The food-as-medicine movement has been around for decades, but it’s making progress asphysicians and medical institutions make food a formal part of treatment, rather thanrelying solely on medications (药物). By prescribing nutritional changes or launchingprograms such as ‘Shop with your Doc’, they are trying to prevent, limit or evenreverse disease by changing what patients eat. “There’s no question people can takethings a long way toward reversing diabetes, reversing high blood pressure, evenpreventing cancer by food choices,” Nadeau says.[F] In the big picture, says Dr. Richard Afable, CEO and president of ST. Joseph HoagHealth, medical institutions across the state are starting to make a philosophical switchto becoming a health organization, not just a health care organization. That feelingechoes the beliefs of the Therapeutic Food Pantry program at Zuckerberg San FranciscoGeneral Hospital, which completed its pilot phase and is about to expand on an ongoingbasis to five clinic sites throughout the city. The program will offer patients severalbags of food prescribed for their condition, along with intensive training in how to cookit. “We really want to link food and medicine, and not just give away food,” sa Rita Nguyen, the hospital’smedical director of Healthy Food Initiatives. “We wantpeople to understand what they’re eating, how to prepare it, the role food plays in their lives.”[G] In Southern California, Loma Linda University School of Medicine is offeringspecialized training for its resident physicians in Lifestyle Medicine — that is a specialty in using food to treat disease. Research findings increasingly show the powerof food to treat or reverse diseases, but that does not mean that diet alone is always thesolution, or that every illness can benefit substantially from dietary changes. Nonetheless, physicians say that they look at the collective data and a clear pictureemerges: that the salt, sugar, fat and processed foods in the American diet contribute tothe nation’s high rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease. According to the WorldHealth Organization, 80 percent of deaths from heart disease and stroke are caused byhigh blood pressure, tobacco use, elevated cholesterol and low consumption of fruitsand vegetables.[H]“It’s a different paradigm（范式）of how to treat disease,” says Dr. Brenda Rea,who helps run the family and preventive medicine residency program at Loma LindaUniversity School of Medicine. The lifestyle medicine specialty is designed to traindoctors in how to prevent and treat disease, in part, by changing patients’ nutri habits. The medical center and school at Loma Linda also has a food cupboard andkitchen for patients. This way, patients not only learn about which foods to buy, butalso how to prepare them at home.[I] Many people don’t know how to cook, Rea says, and they only know how to heatthings up. That means depending on packaged food with high salt and sugar content.So teaching people about which foods are healthy and how to prepare them, she says,can actually transform a patient’s life. And beyond that, it might transform the healthand lives of that patient’s family. “What people eat can be medicine or poison,says. “As a physician, nutrition is one of the most powerful things you can change toreverse the effects of long-term disease.”[J] Studies have explored evidence that dietary changes can slow inflammation（炎症）, for example, or make the body inhospitable to cancer cells. In general, manylifestyle medicine physicians recommend a plant-based diet — particularly for peoplewith diabetes or other inflammatory conditions.[K]“As what happened with tobacco, this will require a cultural shift, but that canhappen,” says Nguyen. “In the same way physicians used to smoke, and then stopped smoking and were able to talk to patients about it, I think physicians can have a biggervoice in it.”36. More than half of the food Americans eat is factory-produced.37. There is a special program that assigns doctors to give advice to shoppers in food stores.38. There is growing evidence from research that food helps patients recover fromvarious illnesses.39. A healthy breakfast can be prepared quickly and easily.40. Training a patient to prepare healthy food can change their life.41. One food-as-medicine program not only prescribes food for treatment but teaches patients how to cook it.42. Scott is not keen on cooking food herself, thinking it would simply be a waste oftime.43. Diabetes patients are advised to eat more plant-based food.44. Using food as medicine is no novel idea, but the movement is making headwaythese days.45. Americans’ high rates of various illnesses result from the way they eat.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letteron Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.California has been facing a drought for many years now, with certain areas evenhaving to pump freshwater hundreds of miles to their distribution system. The problemis growing as the population of the state continues to expand. New research has founddeep water reserves under the state which could help solve their drought crisis. Previous drilling of wells could only reach depths of 1,000 feet, but due to new pumping（抽取）. The team at Stanford practices, water deeper than this can now be extractedinvestigated the aquifers（地下蓄水层）below this depth and found that reserves maybe triple what was previously thought.It is profitable to drill to depths more than 1,000 feet for oil and gas extraction, butonly recently in California has it become profitable to pump water from this depth. The aquifers range from 1,000 to 3,000 feet below the ground, which means that pumpingwill be expensive and there are other concerns. The biggest concern of pumping outwater from this deep in the gradual settling down of the land surface. As the water is pumped out, the vacant space left is compacted by the weight of the earth above.Even though pumping from these depths is expensive, it is still cheaper thandesalinating（脱盐）the ocean water in the largely coastal state. Some desalination plants exist where feasible, but they are costly to run and can need constant repairs. Wells are much more reliable sources of freshwater, and California is hoping that these deep wells may be the answer to their severe water shortage.One problem with these sources is that the deep water also has a higher level ofsalt than shallower aquifers. This means that some wells may even need to undergo desalination after extraction, thus increasing the cost. Research f rom the exhaustive study of groundwater from over 950 drilling logs has just been published. New estimates of the water reserves now go up to 2,700 billion cubic meters of freshwater.46.How could California’s drought crisis be solved according to some researchers?A) By building more reserves of groundwater.B) By drawing water from the depths of the earth.C) By developing more advanced drilling devices.D) By upgrading its water distribution system.47.What can be inferred about extracting water from deep aquifers?A) It was deemed vital to solving the water problem.B) It was not considered worth the expense.C) It may not provide quality freshwater.D) It is bound to gain support from the local people.？48. What is mentioned as a consequence of extracting water from deep undergroundA) The sinking of land surface. C) The damage to aquifers.B) The harm to the ecosystem. D) The change of the climate.49. What does the author say about deep wells?A) They run without any need for repairs.B) They are entirely free from pollutants.C) They are the ultimate solution to droughts.D) They provide a steady supply of freshwater.50. What may happen when deep aquifers are used as water sources?A) People’s health may improve with cleaner water.B) People’s water bills may be lowered considerably.C) The cost may go up due to desalination.D) They may be exhausted sooner or later.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.The AlphaGo program’s victory is an example of how smart computers havebecome.But can artificial intelligence (AI) machines act ethically, meaning can they behonest and fair?One example of AI is driverless cars. They are already on California roads, so it isnot too soon to ask whether we can program a machine to act ethically. As driverlesscars improve, they will save lives. They will make fewer mistakes than human driversdo. Sometimes, however, they will face a choice between lives. Should the cars beprogrammed to avoid hitting a child running across the road, even if that will put theirpassengers at risk? What about making a sudden turn to avoid a dog? What if the onlyrisk is damage to the car itself, not to the passengers?Perhaps there will be lessons to learn from driverless cars, but they are not super-intelligent beings. Teaching ethics to a machine even more intelligent than we are willbe the bigger challenge.About the same time as AlphaGo’s triumph, Microsoft’s ‘chatbot’ took a bad The software, named Taylor, was designed to answer messages from people aged 18-24. Taylor was supposed to be able to learn from the messages she received. She wasdesigned to slowly improve her ability to handle conversations, but some people wereteaching Taylor racist ideas. When she started saying nice things about Hitler,Microsoft turned her off and deleted her ugliest messages.defeat happened at about the same time. This AlphaGo’s victory and Taylor’sshould be a warning to us. It is one thing to use AI within a game with clear rules andclear goals. It is something very different to use AI in the real world. The unpredictability of the real world may bring to the surface a troubling software problem.Eric Schmidt is one of the bosses of Google, which own AlphoGo. He thinks AIwill be positive for humans. He said people will be the winner, whatever the outcome.Advances in AI will make human beings smarter, more able and “just better human beings.”51. What does the author want to show with the example of AlphaGo’s victory?A) Computers will prevail over human beings.B) Computers have unmatched potential.C) Computers are man’s potential rivals.D) Computers can become highly intelligent.52. What does the author mean by AI machines acting ethically?A) They are capable of predicting possible risks.B) They weigh the gains and losses before reaching a decision.C) They make sensible decisions when facing moral dilemmas.D) They sacrifice everything to save human lives.53. What is said to be the bigger challenge facing humans in the AI age?A) How to make super-intelligent AI machines share human feelings.B) How to ensure that super-intelligent AI machines act ethically.2020年最新C) How to prevent AI machines doing harm to humans.D) How to avoid being over-dependent on AI machines.54. What do we learn about Microsoft’s ‘chatbot’ Taylor?A) She could not distinguish good from bad.B) She could turn herself off when necessary.C) She was not made to handle novel situations.D) She was good at performing routine tasks.55. What does Eric Schmidt think of artificial intelligence?A) It will be far superior to human beings.B) It will keep improving as time goes by.C) It will prove to be an asset to human beings.D) It will be here to stay whatever the outcome.Part ⅣTranslation (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage f rom Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.由于通信网络的快速发展，中国智能手机用户数量近年来以惊人度增长。
2018年12月英语四级考试真题(卷一完整版)
2018年12月英语四级考试真题（卷一完整版）目录Part I Writing (1)Part ⅡListening Comprehension (1)Part III Reading Comprehension (7)Part IV Translation (22)Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of starting a career after graduation. You should write at least 120 words but no more than180 words.PartⅡListening Comprehension (25 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and then questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1.A) Land a space vehicle on the moon in 2019.B) Design a new generation of mobile phones.C) Set up a mobile phone network on the moon.D) Gather data from the noon with a tiny device.2.A) It is stable.B) It is durable.C) It is inexpensive.D) It is sophisticated.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3.A) It lasted more than six hours.B) No injuries were yet reported.C) Nobody was in the building when it broke out.D) It had burned for 45 minutes by the time firefighters arrived.4.A) Recruit and train more firefighters.B) Pull down the deserted shopping mall.C) Turn the shopping mall into an amusement park.D) Find money to renovate the local neighborhood. Questions 5 and 6 are based on the news report you have just heard.5.A) Shrinking potato farming.B) Heavy reliance on import.C) Widespread plant disease.D) Insufficient potato supply.6.A) It intends to keep its traditional diet.B) It wants to expand its own farming.C) It is afraid of the spread of disease.D) It is worried about unfair competition.7.A) Global warning.B) Ever-rising prices.C) Government regulation.D) Diminishing investment.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) Informative.B) Inspiring.C) Dull.D) Shallow.9. A)She types on a keyboard.B)She does recording.C)She take photos.D)she take notes.10.A) It keeps her mind active.B) It makes her stay awake.C) It enables her to think hard.D) It helps her kill time.11.A)It enables her to improve her pronunciation.B) It helps her better remember what she learns.C) It turns out to be an enjoyable way of learning.D) It proves to be far more effective than writing. Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A)To spend her honeymoon.B) To try autbentic Indian food.C) To take photos of the Jaj Mahal.D) To trace the origin of a love story.13.A) In memory of a princess.B) In honor of a great cmperor.C) To mark the death of an emperor of the 1600s.D) To celebrate the birth of a princess’s 14th child.14.A) It looks older than expected.B) It is built of wood and bricks.C) It stores lots of priceless antiques.D) It has walls decorated with jewels.15.A)Their streets are narrow.B)Each on has a unique character.C)They are mostly crowded.D)Life can be tedious in some places.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A)They help spread the latest technology.B)They greatly enrich people’s leisure life.C)They provide residents with theD)They allow free access to digital books and videos.17.A)By helping them find jobs.B)By keeping them off the streets.C)By inspiring their creativity.D)By providing a place of relaxation.18.A)Their interaction with teenagers proved fruitful.B)They used libraries less often than teenagers.C)They tended to visit libraries regularly.D)Their number increased modestly.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A)It is the cleverest cat in the world.B)It is an unusual cross breed.C)It is the largest cat in Africa.D)It is a large-sized wild cat.20.A)They are as loyal as doges.B)They are fond of sleeping in cabinets.C)They have unusually long tails.D)They know how to please their owners.21.A)They shake their front paws.B)They shower with them.C)They teach them to dive.D)They shout at them.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A) Contented and relieved.B) Anxious and depressed.C) Proud but a bit nervous.D) Excited but somewhat sad.23.A) It starts the moment they are born.B) It depends on their parents for success.C) It is gaining increasing public attention.D) It is becoming parents’biggest concern.24.A) Choose the right school for them.B) Help them to learn by themselves.C) Read books and magazines to them.D) Set a good example for them to follow.25.A) Their intelligence.B) Their home life.C) The quality of their school.D) The effort they put in learning.Part ⅢReading Comprehension ( 40 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a listof choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once．Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage. Millions die early from air pollution each year. Air pollution costs the global economy more than $5 trillion annually in welfare costs, with the most serious 26 occurring in the developing world.The figures include a number of costs 27 with air pollution. Lost income alone amounts to $225 billion a year. The report includes both indoor and outdoor air pollution. Indoor pollution, which includes28 like home heating and cooking, has remained 29 over the past several decades despite advances in the area. Levels of outdoor pollution have grown rapidly along with rapid growth in industry and transportation.Director of Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Chris Murray 30 it as an “urgent call to action.”“One of the riskfactors for premature deaths is the air we breathe, over which individuals have little 31 ,”he said.The effects of air pollution are worst in the developing world, where in some places lost-labor income 32 nearly 1% of GDP. Around 9 in 10 people in low-and middle-income countries live in places where they 33 experience dangerous levels of outdoor air pollution.But the problem is not limited 34 to the developing world. Thousands die prematurely in the U.S. as a result of related illnesses. In many European countries, where diesel(柴油) 35 have become more common in recent years, that number reaches tens of thousands.A)ability I)exclusivelyB)associated J)innovatedC)consciously K)regularlyD)constant L)relatesE)control M)sourcesF)damage N)undermineG)described O)vehiclesH)equalsSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Food-as-Medicine Movement Is Witnessing Progress[A] Several times a month, you can find a doctor in the aisles of Ralph’s market in Huntington Beach, California, wearing a white coat and helping people learn about food. On one recent day, this doctor was Daniel Nadeau, wandering the cereal aisle with Allison Scott, giving her some idea on how to feed kids who persistently avoid anything that is healthy. “Have you thought about trying fresh juices in the morning?”he asks her. “The frozen oranges and apples are a little cheaper, and fruits are really good for the brain. Juices are quick and easy to prepare, you can take the frozen fruit out the night before and have it ready the next morning.”[B] Scott is delighted to get food advice from a physician whois program director of the nearby Mary and Dick Allen Diabetes Center, part of the St. Joseph Hoag Health alliance. The center’s ‘Shop with Your Doc’program sends doctors to the grocery store to meet with any patients who sign up for the service, plus any other shoppers who happen to be around with questions.[C] Nadeau notices the pre-made macaroni (通心粉)-and-cheese boxes in Scott’s shopping cart and suggests she switch to whole grain macaroni and real cheese. “So I’d have to make it？”she asks, her enthusiasm fading at the thought of how long that might take, just to have her kids reject it. “I’m not sure they’d eat it. They just won’t eat it.”[D] Nadeau says sugar and processed foods are big contributors to the rising diabetes rates among children. “In America, over 50 percent of our food is processed food,”Nadeau tells her. “And only 5 percent of our food is plant-based food. I think we should try to reverse that.”Scott agrees to try more fruit juices for the kids and to make real macaroni and cheese. Score one point for the doctor, zero for diabetes.[E] Nadeau is part of a small revolution developing across California. The food-as-medicine movement has been aroundfor decades, but it’s making progress as physicians and medical institutions make food a formal part of treatment, rather than relying solely on medications (药物). By prescribing nutritional changes or launching programs such as ‘Shop with your Doc’, they are trying to prevent, limit or even reverse disease by changing what patients eat. “There’s no question people can take things a long way toward reversing diabetes, reversing high blood pressure, even preventing cancer by food choices,”Nadeau says.[F] In the big picture, says Dr. Richard Afable, CEO and president of ST. Joseph Hoag Health, medical institutions across the state are starting to make a philosophical switch to becoming a health organization, not just a health care organization. That feeling echoes the beliefs of the Therapeutic Food Pantry program at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, which completed its pilot phase and is about to expand on an ongoing basis to five clinic sites throughout the city. The program will offer patients several bags of food prescribed for their condition, along with intensive training in how to cook it. “We really want to link food and medicine, and not just give away food,”says Dr. Rita Nguyen, the hospital’s medical director of Healthy Food Initiatives. “We wantpeople to understand what they’re eating, how to prepare it, the role food plays in their lives.”[G] In Southern California, Loma Linda University School of Medicine is offering specialized training for its resident physicians in Lifestyle Medicine —that is a formal specialty in using food to treat disease. Research findings increasingly show the power of food to treat or reverse diseases, but that does not mean that diet alone is always the solution, or that every illness can benefit substantially from dietary changes. Nonetheless, physicians say that they look at the collective data and a clear picture emerges: that the salt, sugar, fat and processed foods in the American diet contribute to the nation’s high rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease. According to the World Health Organization, 80 percent of deaths from heart disease and stroke are caused by high blood pressure, tobacco use, elevated cholesterol and low consumption of fruits and vegetables.[H] “It’s a different paradigm（范式）of how to treat disease,”says Dr. Brenda Rea, who helps run the family and preventive medicine residency program at Loma Linda University School of Medicine. The lifestyle medicine specialty is designed to train doctors in how to prevent and treat disease, in part, bychanging patients’nutritional habits. The medical center and school at Loma Linda also has a food cupboard and kitchen for patients. This way, patients not only learn about which foods to buy, but also how to prepare them at home.[I] Many people don’t know how to cook, Rea says, and they only know how to heat things up. That means depending on packaged food with high salt and sugar content. So teaching people about which foods are healthy and how to prepare them, she says, can actually transform a patient’s life. And beyond that, it might transform the health and lives of that patient’s family. “What people eat can be medicine or poison,”Rea says. “As a physician, nutrition is one of the most powerful things you can change to reverse the effects of long-term disease.”[J] Studies have explored evidence that dietary changes can slow inflammation（炎症）, for example, or make the body inhospitable to cancer cells. In general, many lifestyle medicine physicians recommend a plant-based diet —particularly for people with diabetes or other inflammatory conditions.[K] “As what happened with tobacco, this will require a cultural shift, but that can happen,”says Nguyen. “In thesame way physicians used to smoke, and then stopped smoking and were able to talk to patients about it, I think physicians can have a bigger voice in it.”36. More than half of the food Americans eat is factory-produced.37. There is a special program that assigns doctors to give advice to shoppers in food stores.38. There is growing evidence from research that food helps patients recover from various illnesses.39. A healthy breakfast can be prepared quickly and easily.40. Training a patient to prepare healthy food can change their life.41. One food-as-medicine program not only prescribes food for treatment but teaches patients how to cook it.42. Scott is not keen on cooking food herself, thinking it would simply be a waste of time.43. Diabetes patients are advised to eat more plant-based food.44. Using food as medicine is no novel idea, but the movement is making headway these days.45. Americans’high rates of various illnesses result from theway they eat.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.California has been facing a drought for many years now, with certain areas even having to pump freshwater hundreds of miles to their distribution system. The problem is growing as the population of the state continues to expand. New research has found deep water reserves under the state which could help solve their drought crisis. Previous drilling of wells could only reach depths of 1,000 feet, but due to new pumping practices, water deeper than this can now be extracted （抽取）. The team at Stanford investigated the aquifers（地下蓄水层）below this depth and found that reserves may be triple what was previously thought.It is profitable to drill to depths more than 1,000 feet for oiland gas extraction, but only recently in California has it become profitable to pump water from this depth. The aquifers range from 1,000 to 3,000 feet below the ground, which means that pumping will be expensive and there are other concerns. The biggest concern of pumping out water from this deep in the gradual settling down of the land surface. As the water is pumped out, the vacant space left is compacted by the weight of the earth above.Even though pumping from these depths is expensive, it is still cheaper than desalinating（脱盐）the ocean water in the largely coastal state. Some desalination plants exist where feasible, but they are costly to run and can need constant repairs. Wells are much more reliable sources of freshwater, and California is hoping that these deep wells may be the answer to their severe water shortage.One problem with these sources is that the deep water also has a higher level of salt than shallower aquifers. This means that some wells may even need to undergo desalination after extraction, thus increasing the cost. Research from the exhaustive study of groundwater from over 950 drilling logs has just been published. New estimates of the water reserves now go up to 2,700 billion cubic meters of freshwater.46.How could California’s drought crisis be solved according to some researchers?A) By building more reserves of groundwater.B) By drawing water from the depths of the earth.C) By developing more advanced drilling devices.D) By upgrading its water distribution system.47.What can be inferred about extracting water from deep aquifers?A) It was deemed vital to solving the water problem.B) It was not considered worth the expense.C) It may not provide quality freshwater.D) It is bound to gain support from the local people.48. What is mentioned as a consequence of extracting water from deep underground？A) The sinking of land surface. C) The damage to aquifers.B) The harm to the ecosystem. D) The change of the climate.49. What does the author say about deep wells?A) They run without any need for repairs.B) They are entirely free from pollutants.C) They are the ultimate solution to droughts.D) They provide a steady supply of freshwater.50. What may happen when deep aquifers are used as water sources?A) People’s health may improve with cleaner water.B) People’s water bills may be lowered considerably.C) The cost may go up due to desalination.D) They may be exhausted sooner or later.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.The AlphaGo program’s victory is an example of how smart computers have become.But can artificial intelligence (AI) machines act ethically, meaning can they be honest and fair?One example of AI is driverless cars. They are already on California roads, so it is not too soon to ask whether we can program a machine to act ethically. As driverless cars improve, they will save lives. They will make fewer mistakes than human drivers do. Sometimes, however, they will face a choice between lives. Should the cars be programmed to avoid hitting a child running across the road, even if that will put their passengers at risk? What about making a sudden turn to avoid a dog? What if the only risk is damage to the car itself,not to the passengers?Perhaps there will be lessons to learn from driverless cars, but they are not super-intelligent beings. Teaching ethics to a machine even more intelligent than we are will be the bigger challenge.About the same time as AlphaGo’s triumph, Microsoft’s ‘chatbot’took a bad turn. The software, named Taylor, was designed to answer messages from people aged 18-24. Taylor was supposed to be able to learn from the messages she received. She was designed to slowly improve her ability to handle conversations, but some people were teaching Taylor racist ideas. When she started saying nice things about Hitler, Microsoft turned her off and deleted her ugliest messages. AlphaGo’s victory and Taylor’s defeat happened at about the same time. This should be a warning to us. It is one thing to use AI within a game with clear rules and clear goals. It is something very different to use AI in the real world. The unpredictability of the real world may bring to the surface a troubling software problem.Eric Schmidt is one of the bosses of Google, which own AlphoGo. He thinks AI will be positive for humans. He said people will be the winner, whatever the outcome. Advances inAI will make human beings smarter, more able and “just better human beings.”51.What does the author want to show with the example of AlphaGo’s victory?A)Computers will prevail over human beings.B)Computers have unmatched potential.C)Computers are man’s potential rivals.D)Computers can become highly intelligent.52.What does the author mean by AI machines acting ethically?A)They are capable of predicting possible risks.B)They weigh the gains and losses before reaching a decision.C)They make sensible decisions when facing moral dilemmas.D)They sacrifice everything to save human lives.53.What is said to be the bigger challenge facing humans in the AI age?A)How to make super-intelligent AI machines share human feelings.B)How to ensure that super-intelligent AI machines act ethically.C)How to prevent AI machines doing harm to humans.D)How to avoid being over-dependent on AI machines.54.What do we learn about Microsoft’s ‘chatbot’Taylor?A)She could not distinguish good from bad.B)She could turn herself off when necessary.C)She was not made to handle novel situations.D)She was good at performing routine tasks.55. What does Eric Schmidt think of artificial intelligence?A) It will be far superior to human beings.B) It will keep improving as time goes by.C) It will prove to be an asset to human beings.D) It will be here to stay whatever the outcome.Part ⅣTranslation (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.由于通信网络的快速发展，中国智能手机用户数量近年来以惊人度增长。
2018年12月四级英语听力真题第一套(含答案与原文)
2018年12月四级英语听力真题第一套Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section A News ReportDirections： In this section， you will hear threenews reports。
At the end of each news report， you will hear two or three questions。
Both thenews repor t and the questions will be spoken only once。
After you hear a question， yo u mustchoose the best answer from the four choices marked A）， B）， C ） and D）。
Then mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a si ngle line through the centre。
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) Land a space vehicle on the moon in 2019.B) Design a new generation of mobile phones.C) Set up a mobile phone network on the moon.D) Gather data from the moon with a tiny device.2. A) It is stable.B) It is durable.C) It is inexpensive.D) It is sophisticated.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) It lasted more than six hours.B) No injuries were yet reported.C) Nobody was in the building when it broke out.D) It had burned for 45 minutes by the time firefighters arrived.4. A) Recruit and train more firefighters.B) Pull down the deserted shopping mall.C) Turn the shopping mall into an amusement park.D) Find money to renovate the local neighborhood.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) Shrinking potato farming.B) Heavy reliance on import.C) Widespread plant disease.D) Insufficient potato supply.6. A) It intends to keep its traditional diet.B) It wants to expand its own farming.C) It is afraid of the spread of disease.D) It is worried about unfair competition.7. A) Global warming.B) Ever-rising prices.C) Government regulation.D) Diminishing investment.Section B ConversationDirections: In this section,you will hear two long conversation.At the end of ea ch conversations you will hear four questions. Both the conversations and the question-s will be spoken only once.After you hear a question.You must choo se the best answer from the four choices marked A,B, C, D.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line throu gh the center.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) Informative.B) Inspiring.C) Dull.D) Shallow.9. A) She types on a keyboard.B) She does recording.C) She takes photos.D) She takes notes.10. A) It keeps her mind active.B) It makes her stay awake.C) It enables her to think hard.D) It helps her kill time.11. A) It enables her to improve her pronunciation.B) It helps her better remember what she learns.C) It turns out to be an enjoyable way of learning.D) It proves to be far more effective than writing.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) To spend her honeymoon.B) To try authentic Indian food.C) To take photos of the Taj Mahal.D) To trace the origin of a love story.13. A) In memory of a princess.B) In honor of a great emperor.C) To mark the death of an emperor of the 1600s.D) To celebrate the birth of a princess's 14th child.14. A) It looks older than expected.B) It is built of wood and bricks.C) It stores lots of priceless antiques.D) It has walls decorated with jewels.15. A) Their streets are narrow.B) They are mostly crowded.C) Each one has a unique character.D) Life can be tedious in some places.Section C PassageDirections： In this section,you will hear three passages.At the end of each pa ssage,you will hear three or four questions。
2018年12月英语四级第一套听力
2018年12月英语四级第一套听力In the December 2018 English CET-4 listening test, there were four sections with a total of 30 questions. The test aimed to assess the listening comprehension skills of the candidates. In this article, we will analyze each section and provide tips to improve listening skills.In Section A, there were 8 multiple-choice questions. The topics covered a range of everyday situations, such as making an appointment, ordering food, and asking for directions. To excel in this section, it is crucial to pay attention to the details in the conversations or monologues. Candidates should focus on key words or phrases that provide clues to the correct answer. It is also essential to understand the context and the speakers' intentions.Section B consisted of 10 sentence completion questions. This section tested the candidates' ability to grasp information from longer conversations or monologues. To perform well in this section, candidates should practice note-taking skills. They should listen for specific information, such as names, dates, and numbers, and quickly jot them down. Additionally, understanding the structure of the sentences and the logical connections between ideas is crucial for filling in the gaps accurately.In Section C, there were 5 multiple-choice questions. This section focused on academic lectures or talks. The topics ranged from history and science to literature and social issues. To succeed in this section, candidates should develop their vocabulary and familiarize themselves with various academic subjects. It is essential to pay attention to the speaker's tone, emphasis, and the overall organization of the lecture. Candidates should also practice summarizing the main points of the talk to enhance their listening comprehension skills.Section D, the final section, contained 7 multiple-choice questions. This section tested the candidates' ability to understand conversations in educational or workplace settings. The topics covered areas such as job interviews, office meetings, and university discussions. To excel in this section, candidates should focus on understanding thespeakers' attitudes, opinions, and intentions. They should also pay attention to the relationships between the speakers and the context of the conversation. Practicing active listening skills, such as predicting the speakers' responses or reactions, can significantly improve performance in this section.To improve overall listening skills, candidates can follow some general tips. Firstly, it is crucial to expose oneself to a variety of English listening materials, such as movies, TV shows, podcasts, and songs. This exposure helps in getting accustomed to different accents, speeds, and styles of speech. Secondly, candidates should actively engage in listening exercises, such as dictation or shadowing. These exercises help in developing concentration, memory, and pronunciation skills. Finally, candidates should practice listening comprehension regularly by attempting mock tests or solving sample questions. Regular practice not only improves listening skills but also enhances time management during the actual test.In conclusion, the December 2018 English CET-4 listening test consisted of four sections, each assessing different aspects of listening comprehension skills. To excel in the test, candidates should focus on understanding the details, context, and intentions of the speakers. Developing note-taking skills, improving vocabulary, and practicing active listening techniques are essential for success. Regular exposure to English listening materials and consistent practice will significantly enhance overall listening skills.。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
last than 3 decades。 Local media reports suggest Calbee and its main rival Koike-ya are halting almost 50 products。
听力原文 2018.12(卷一)
精品文档
1
News 1
A device that weighs less than one kilogram is part of
a mission that will allow scientists to deliver fourth generation or 4G mobile coverage to the moon in 2019。 If successful， the tiny device will provide the moon with its first ever mobile phone network。 The lunar network
inside the building when the fire broke out, but there
were no reports of any injuries. Fire investigators have
responded to the scene but have not yet determined
surface
Question 1：What are scientists planning to do? Question 2：Why did scientists choose to set up a 4G
network in their mission?
精品文档
3
News 2
Firefighters responded to a fire Wednesday night
elements of a communicati精o品n文s档 network on the moon 2
The scientists working on the project opted to build a 4G rather than a fifth generation or 5G network。 This is because fifth generation networks are still in testing and trial phases。 This means that a 5G network may not yet be stable enough to work on the moon‘s
responded to the scene. Crews have the fire under
control in about 45 minutes and managed to contain
the fire to its point of origin. There were some people
the scene until later this morning to ensure that the
fire doesn't start up again. The shopping mall had not
been in use since 2002. In 2014 City Hall developed a
at an abandoned mall in Hayward. The fire was
reported at 9:26 P.M. at an old shopping center on
Mission Avenue near St. Mary's church.
Six fire engines, two trucks and two chiefs
the course of the fire. 精品文档
4
Firefighters responded to a fire Wednesday night at an
abandoned mall in Hayward. The fire was reported at
9:26 P.M. at an old shopping center on will remain on
the fire?
Question4：What had City Hall planned to do?
精品文档
5
News 3
Potato chips in Japan are being sold for 6X their normal price。 This is after the country‘s main manufacturer stopped sales due to a potato shortage。
will support high definition streaming of video and data between the moon and earth。 The network is part of a mission to the moon。 This is a project with the goal of landing the first privately paid for mission to the moon。
plan to knock down the building and replace it with
affordable housing. However the plan was dropped
due to lack of funds.
Question 3：What does the news item say about
The 4G mission is set to launch from Cape Canaveral in the United States on a space X Falcon 9 rocket in 2019。
Mission to the moon intends to establish and test the first