基于单片机的智能充电器

基于单片机的锂电池充电器设计

摘要

电子技术的快速发展使得各种各样的电子产品都朝着便携式和小型轻量化的方向发展，也使得更多的电气化产品采用基于电池的供电系统。目前，较多使用的电池有镍镉、镍氢、铅蓄电池和锂电池。它们的各自特点决定了它们将在相当长的时期内共存发展。由于不同类型电池的充电特性不同，通常对不同类型，甚至不同电压、容量等级的电池使用不同的充电器，但这在实际使用中有诸多不便。

本课题设计是一种基于单片机的锂离子电池充电器，在设计上，选择了简洁、高效的硬件，设计稳定可靠的软件，详细说明了系统的硬件组成，包括单片机电路、充电控制电路、电压转换及光耦隔离电路，并对本充电器的核心器件—MAX1898充电芯片、AT89C2051单片机进行了较详细的介绍。阐述了系统的软硬件设计。以C语言为开发工具，进行了详细设计和编码。实现了系统的可靠性、稳定性、安全性和经济性。

该智能充电器具有检测锂离子电池的状态；自动切换充电模式以满足充电电池的充电需要；充电器短路保护功能；充电状态显示的功能。在生活中更好的维护了充电电池，延长了它的使用寿命。

关键词：充电器；单片机；锂电池；MAX1898

Lithium Battery Charger Design Based On Single Chip

Abstract

Electronic technology's fast development causes various electronic products develops toward portable and the small lightweight direction, It also causes the more electrification products to use based on battery's power supply system. At present, the many use's batteries have the nickel cadmium, the nickel hydrogen, the lead accumulator and the lithium battery. Their respective characteristic had decided they will coexist in a long time develop. Because the different type battery's charge characteristic is different, usually to different type, even different voltage, capacity rank battery use different battery charger, but this has many inconveniences in the actual use.

This topic design is one kind lithium ion battery charger which is based on Single Chip, in the design, it has chosen succinctly, the highly effective hardware, the design stable reliable software, explained in detail system's hardware composition, including the monolithic integrated circuit electric circuit, the charge control electric circuit, the voltage transformation and the light pair isolating circuit, and to this battery charger's core component - MAX1898 charge chip, at89C2051 monolithic integrated circuit has carried on the detailed introduction. Elaborated system's software and hardware design. Take the C language as the development kit, has carried on the detailed design and the code. Has realized system's reliability, the stability, the security and the efficiency.

The intelligence battery charger has the examination lithium ion battery's condition; The automatic cut over charge pattern meets when rechargeable battery's charge needs; Battery charger has short circuit protection function; The charge condition demonstration's function. The battery charger has made the better maintenance rechargeable battery in the life，and lengthened the rechargeable battery’s service life.

Key words：Charger; SCM;Lithium battery; MAX1898

目录

引言 (1)

第1章绪论 (2)

1.1课题研究的背景 (2)

1.2课题研究的主要工作 (3)

第2章电池的充电方法与充电控制技术 (5)

2.1电池的充电方法和充电器 (5)

2.1.1 电池的充电方法 (5)

2.1.2 充电器的要求和结构 (9)

2.1.3单片机控制的充电器的优点 (10)

2.2充电控制技术 (10)

2.2.1 快速充电器介绍 (10)

2.2.2 快速充电终止控制方法 (11)

第3章锂电池充电器硬件设计 (14)

3.1单片机电路 (14)

3.2电压转换及光耦隔离电路 (17)

3.3电源电路 (18)

3.4充电控制电路 (20)

3.4.1MAX1898充电芯片 (20)

3.4.2充电控制电路的实现 (24)

第4章锂电池充电器软件设计 (26)

4.1程序功能 (26)

4.2主要变量说明 (26)

4.3程序流程图 (26)

结论与展望 (29)

致谢 (30)

参考文献 (31)

附录A 电路原理图 (32)

附录B 外文文献及其译文 (33)

附录C 主要参考文献的题录及摘要 (40)

附录D 主要源程序 (42)