35KV变电站防雷接地保护设计

35KV变电站防雷接地保护设计

摘要

雷电事故是对变电站、发电厂安全的主要威胁，如何有效、合理对变电站、

发电厂采取防雷接地保护措施有着十分重要的意义。

本文就以农村某35KV变电站为研究对象，以国家《防雷接地标准》为依据

且结合变电站具体情况，对变电站的防雷接地进行保护设计，具有一定代表性。

首先根据变电站的电气主接线图等实际情况，在了解雷电参数、雷电机理以及学

习各种防雷装置的基础上，采用设计避雷针并计算验证其保护范围实现对变电站

直击雷的防护；对变电站雷电侵入波的防护实现，则通过选择安装避雷器型号和

设计变电站进线段的保护接线。最后在了解接地基本知识后，计算其接地电阻、

最大土壤电阻率、垂直接地体根数等，实现对此35KV变电站的接地保护设计。

关键词：35KV变电站；直击雷防护；雷电侵入波防护；接地保护

35KV substation lightning protection design of ground protection

Abstract：Lightning incident on the substation, power plants, the main threat to security, how to effectively and rationally to the substations, power plants, lightning protection grounding protection measures taken is very important.

This article on a 35KV substation in rural areas for the study to state "Lightning grounding standards" based on specific conditions and combination of substation, the substation grounding protection lightning protection design, has a certain representation. First of all, according to the main electrical substation wiring diagram of the actual situation, etc., in the understanding of lightning parameters, the mechanism of lightning, as well as learning a variety of lightning protection devices on the basis of the calculation used to verify the design of a lightning rod and its scope of protection to achieve the protection of the substation direct stroke; of Substation lightning invasion wave to achieve the protection, surge arresters are installed by selecting the type and design of substation protection of wiring into the segment.

Finally, grounding in the basic knowledge to understand, calculate the grounding resistance, soil resistivity of the largest vertical root number, such as grounding, to achieve this protection 35KV substation grounding design.

Key words: 35KV Substation; Direct stroke protection; Invasive wave

lightning protection ; Ground Protection

目录

摘要 (1)

目录 (3)

第1章前言 (5)

1.1课题的提出和意义 (5)

1.2国内外研究现状 (6)

1.3本课题的主要工作 (6)

1.3.1研究目标 (6)

1.3.2主要研究内容 (7)

1.4变电站防雷接地国家相关标准 (7)

1.5本论文涉及的35KV变电站 (8)

1.5.1变电站的概况 (8)

1.5.2变电站相关参数 (9)

1.5.3变电站电气主接线图 (9)

第2章雷电与防雷装置 (11)

2.1雷电 (11)

2.1.1雷电及其放电过程 (11)

2.1.2雷电参数 (13)

2.1.3雷击过电压产生的机理 (17)

2.2防雷装置 (18)

2.2.1避雷针 (18)

2.2.2避雷线 (20)

2.2.3避雷带和避雷网........................................................错误!未定义书签。

2.2.4避雷器 (21)

第3章变电站直击雷的防护 (23)

3.1变电站直击雷防护概述 (23)

3.2建、构筑物年预计年雷击次数 (23)

3.2.1年预计雷击次数计算公式 (23)

3.2.2 35KV变电站年预计雷击次数N (24)

3.3反击 (24)

3.3.1反击的产生 (24)

3.3.2反击的防止 (24)

3.4 35KV变电站对直击雷防护的设计 (26)

3.4.1采用两根等高避雷针进行防护设计 (26)

3.4.2采用四根等高避雷针进行防护设计 (27)

第4章变电站雷电侵入波防护 (29)

4.1变电站对雷电侵入波防护概述 (29)

4.2 35KV变电站对雷电侵入波的防护 (29)

4.2.1避雷器的防护距离 (29)

4.2.2变电站的雷电侵入波防护接线................................错误!未定义书签。

4.2.3变电站的进线段雷电防护 (32)

4.3雷电侵入波防护要素.......................................................错误!未定义书签。