信息技术在业务中：EDI、供应链管理和全球信息系统

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Electronic Data Interchange
• EDI Standards
– EDI requires companies to agree on standards
• Compatible hardware and software • Agreed upon electronic form format
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Vertical Information Exchange
• Vertically related
– Output of one organization used in processes of another – Integrating ISs between vertically related organizations highly beneficial
• EDI on the Web
– Advantages of Web EDI
• Lower cost • More familiar software • Worldwide connectivity
– Disadvantages of Web EDI
• Low speed • Poor security
– Understand the importance of interorganizational and international ISs.
– Recognize the role EDI plays in saving costs in business operations.
– Be able to describe the vertical and horizontal information integration among companies. – List the legal, cultural, and other challenges to implementing informational exchange systems.
• Built and owned by one organization • Increases efficiency and effectiveness • Organizations use similar systems to serve international sites
Management Information Systems, 3rd Edition Effy Oz
Management Information Systems, 3rd Edition Effy Oz
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Electronic Data Exchange
– Manufacturer ships order. – Purchasing organization receives packages, scans bar code, and compares data to invoices actual items received. – Payment approval transferred electronically. – Bank transfers funds from purchaser to supplier’s account using electronic fund transfer (EFT).
Management Information Systems, 3rd Edition Effy Oz
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Electronic Data Interchange
• Legal Problems of EDI
– Increased risk of unauthorized interception – Contractual responsibility for incomplete or corrupted telecommunications – Questionable validity of digital contracts – Protection against the ease of collaborative pricing and other activities that may violate antitrust laws
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Electronic Data Interchange
Figure 11.4 Suppliers, manufacturers, and retailers cooperate in some of the most successful applications of EDI.
Management Information Systems, 3rd Edition Effy Oz
Management Information Systems, 3rd Edition Effy Oz
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Electronic DaLeabharlann Baidua Interchange
• Benefits of EDI
– Cost Savings – Speed – Accuracy – Security – System Integration – Just-in-time Support
• Value-added networking (VAN) • Managed network services available for a fee
Management Information Systems, 3rd Edition Effy Oz
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Electronic Data Interchange
Management Information Systems, 3rd Edition Effy Oz
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Electronic Data Interchange
Figure 11.3 Benefits of EDI
Management Information Systems, 3rd Edition Effy Oz
Management Information Systems, 3rd Edition Effy Oz
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Electronic Data Interchange
• How to Subscribe to EDI
– Larger companies purchase hardware and software – Medium and small companies seek third-party service
– Established EDI standards
• Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG) • X.12 de facto umbrella standard in U.S. and Canada • EDI for Administration, Commerce, and Trade (EDIFACT) umbrella of standards in Europe
Management Information Systems, 3rd Edition Effy Oz
Management Information Systems, 3rd Edition Effy Oz
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Electronic Data Interchange
• The Importance of EDI
– Need for timely, reliable data exchange in response to rapidly changing markets – Emergence of standards and guidelines – Spread of information into many organizational units – Greater reliability of information technology – Globalization of organizations
Chapter 11 EDI, Supply Chain Management, and Global Information Systems
Management Information Systems, 3rd Edition Effy Oz
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Learning Objectives
• When you finish this chapter, you will:
Management Information Systems, 3rd Edition Effy Oz
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Electronic Data Interchange
Figure 11.5 How EDI works
Management Information Systems, 3rd Edition Effy Oz
Management Information Systems, 3rd Edition Effy Oz
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Horizontal Information Interchange
• Horizontal Information Interchange
– Organizations performing similar activities share information
Management Information Systems, 3rd Edition Effy Oz
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Electronic Data Interchange
• What is EDI?
– Exchange of electronic data using interorganizational information systems – Set of hardware, software, and standards that accommodate the EDI process
• Real estate agencies maintain multiple listing service • Financial institutions share financial information • Airlines share reservation systems
– Legal implications and risks similar to those of EDI
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Electronic Data Exchange
• How does EDI work?
– Supplier’s proposal sent electronically to purchasing organization. – Electronic contract approved over network. – Supplier manufactures and packages goods, attaching shipping data recorded on a bar code. – Quantities shipped and prices entered in system and flowed to invoicing program; invoices transmitted to purchasing organization.
Management Information Systems, 3rd Edition Effy Oz
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Sharing Information Systems
• Interorganizational Information Systems
– Systems shared by two or more organizations
• Saves time and money • Better serves customers
Management Information Systems, 3rd Edition Effy Oz
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Vertical Information Interchange
Figure 11.1 Vertical relationships among organizations