PwC的财务管理最佳实践 FIN-FA

Revalue key assets on a regular basis based on book value and high risk










Comprehensive asset verification on regular periodic or rolling basis where asset cannot be verified via technical assumptions (most telco’s do not verify network assets: the fact that the network works is verification enough)
From

To
Integrated systems for: – Asset tracking via Geographical Information System (GIS) – Asset usage – Network Capacity Planning – Asset Maintenance
Best Practice Financial Processes: Fixed Assets
Fixed Assets - Best Practice Objectives


Asset recording integrated with maintenance and non financial data Centralised asset accounting Asset ownership devolved to business unit level
Measures
Fixed Assets - Best Practice Features
Maintain fixed asset register Control acquisitions and disposals Manage periodic asset depreciation Verify and value asset base
Process Features

Depreciate at point of asset use Apply depreciation rules to asset classes Depreciation rates in management accounts in line with statutory rates Links asset depreciation to production and product costs/development
No of Business Unit FTEs per Fixed Assets FTE 5,200 1,400 350 £7 £151 90 percentile Median 10 percentile 10 percentile Median 90 percentile Fixed Assets cost per Business Unit FTE (in £s) £31

Organisation
People
Fixed Assets Objectives
To maintain a complete register of all the organisation’s fixed assets which reflects location, age, current values, associated cost centres To calculate depreciation consistently with financial reporting requirements To optimise replacement policies To minimise ownership costs
1 day
14 days
40 days

10 percentile
Median
90 percentile

Source: Statistics taken from Benchmarking database: 21 February 1997
Fixed Assets - Trends
– Product/service costing

BU responsibility for ownership
Fixed Assets - Critical Success Factors
These are a summary of the key business requirements, which must be met to achieve the objectives. Asset accounting policies clearly documented
Controls

Asset verification Asset valuation Acquisition and disposal authorities


Number of assets maintained Cost of department Elapsed time to record asset

Appropriate coding by asset category established Authority levels clearly defined Procedures surrounding Fixed Asset process are documented and communicated to staff Budgets in place for capital expenditure All existing assets identified and classified Staff trained in FA process and have clear roles and responsibilities Statutory and tax requirements understood FA calendar in place and communicated to staff
Information Systems Asset ledgers



integrated with GL and AP Depreciation and project control by cost centre Automated depreciation calculation

Control focused Challenge asset requisition proposals



Processes Maintain asset register Acquisitions and disposals Depreciation charge Verifying asset base Maintaining of valuation basis
Verify non capitalised assets Variable asset valuation mechanisms eg historic, current replacement Complete asset reports by physical location and cost centre Report on identified or missing assets Hold non capitalised physical assists for verification Bar coding of assets for verification
Fixed Assets processing time

Cost drivers
Complexity of assets Number of assets on register Number of asset movements Complexity of depreciation policies Complexity of authorisation procedures Range of data held Number of users of data range

Determine asset categories for internal and statutory purposes Monitor asset maintenance charges Apply insurance valuation to key assets Ensure asset responsibility at BU level Identify asset usage On line asset register holding key data and current cost allocation Cost code validation with GL Automatic links to AP and Project Accounting system to capture acquisitions Revaluation of features and mass transfers of assets to new cost centres Leased asset features compliant with accounting standards


Standing data set up on the system reflecting asset accounting policies
Ability to model depreciation scenario
Fixed Assets - Level 0





CIP linked to capital project accounting Effective tax management integrated with the fixed assets system








Fixed Assets - Measures/Cost Drivers

Separate fixed assets module Lack of asset ownership Cost of asset usage not attributed to product Performed by Finance Department
– Capital project planning and control

Set up appropriate control of asset acquisition and disposals across company Report on acquisitions and disposals on a monthly basis Monitor tax issues related to acquisitions or CIP Ensure BU responsibility for assets in their use and for disposal losses


Acquisition linked to purchase order and accounts payable ledger Disposals linked to sales ledger
System Features



Depreciation charged automatically to cost centres in GL Forecast asset depreciation for budget purposes Variable depreciation ruts can be grouped for depreciation rules