自考英语翻译技巧讲义(doc 6页)

自考英语翻译技巧讲义(doc 6页)

自考英语翻译技巧四

英汉互译时的词性转换

I.英语的名词转译成汉语的动词：英汉两种语言具有不同的辞语结构。在汉语里，一个句子可以有多个动词并排使用，不管有多少动词，都可以按照先后的顺序一个一个地排下去；而英语则是一门静止的语言，在同等条件下，选择用名词的情况居多数，例如：

1.在名词转译成动词的句子中：a. My shock and embarrassment at finding Mother in tears on Wednesday was a perfect index of how little I understood the pressures on her （我星期三发现妈妈在流眼泪而感到震惊、尴尬，这就表明我对妈妈所承受的压力知道的多么少。）

在这个句子当中，shock ， embarrassment，index等等都是英语趋向于用名词而不用动词的最好例子b. Because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion and they are always

taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores.（他们一想到在公共场穿不时髦的衣服，就感到浑身不自在，而一些商店和设计师们正是利用了他们的这种弱点。）

c. As a boy and then as an adult， I never lost my wonder at the personality that was Einstein. （不论是在儿时还是长大以后，我一直都对爱因斯坦的人格感到很好奇。）

d. Most of my friends live in the city，yet they always to into raptures at the mere mention of the country. （我的大多数朋友都住在城里，然而，他们只要一提起乡村就欣喜若狂。）

e. The availability of information on the INTERNET， for example， widens the possibilities of informal education immensely.（比如，由于人们能在INTERNET网上可以得到信息，这就大大扩大了获得非正规教育的可能性。）

2.在一些特定结构中，如：介词+ 名词= 副词a. It is wise of him to deal with the delicate problem with care and with calmness.（他很明智，在处理这一敏感问题时及尽仔细和谨慎。）

b. Einstein watched it in delight ，trying to deduce the operating principle.（爱因斯坦很欣喜地看着它，想推断出其中的操作原理。）

c. The soldier stared in surprise at the old farmer and the girl. （那个士兵很震惊地看着那个老农夫和女孩。）

d. The old man looked closely at the row of puddings with great interest（老人很感兴趣地仔细打量起一排布丁。）

3.由形容词变成的名词：这类词通常都是表示一类人，如：the poor/ oppressed/ exploited

4.在某些词组中a. a good case in point after

a while ，as a result ，at any rate ，break （burst ） into tears ，go into service ，

in a sense in addition in exchange for，in other words in reality，out of place，run （fly ）into rage take account of to certain extent to his disappointment to one ‘s taste b. To his surprise， Mr. Beck failed to come as expected.（奇怪的是，贝克先生来晚了。）

c. In all probability ，I‘m sure that he’ll come.（我敢肯定，他完全可能来晚。）

d. He has said in all seriousness that their performance is perfect.（他很正经地说他们的演出很成功。）

e. I saw a man walking across the road with the obvious intention of talking to me.（我看到一个人穿过大街，明显地想跟我交谈。）

f. Of course， daydreaming is no substitute for hard work ……

（当然，白日梦不可能代替艰苦的工作。）

另外，还有一些句子也大量用名词而不用动词，翻译时要特别注意词性的转换，如：g. That will help lead you to the attainment of your goals. （那会有助于你达到目标。）

h. But in combination with the more usual methods of self-development ， it might make a critical difference. （但是，如果与通常的自我发展的方法相结合，他就能产生很大的不同。）

i. He said that this exercise of privilege of high-rank government officials will produce bad influence on people ‘s mind concerning our Party ’s image . （他说，政府高级官员滥用职权，将会在人们的心目中产生很坏的影响，损坏党的形象。）

j. Those significant progress had been made in some industries， the general quality of industrial products leaves much to be desired. （一些工业取得了长足的进步，但是工业产品总的质量还亟待提高。）